Preparatory Test-24 Solutions

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PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |
Q.1)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The great Cholas established a powerful monarchy in the 9th CE at Thanjavur and in its surroundings.
They enjoyed a long, eventful rule lasting for four and a half centuries with great achievements in all fields
of royal endeavour such as military conquest, efficient administration, cultural assimilation and
promotion of art.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The style of the sculptures during the period between the ninth and eleventh
centuries in Bengal (including Bangladesh) and Bihar is known as the Pala style. The ninth century
Siddheshvara Mahadeva temple in Barakar in Burdwan District, shows a tall curving shikhara crowned
by a large amalaka and is an example of the early Pala style.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The hybridisation and incorporation of several styles was the hallmark of
Chalukyan architecture and not the Chola architecture. Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or
vesara as their unique style seems neither completely dravida nor nagara, but somewhere in between.
They are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star -like ground-
plans and a profusion of decorative carvings.
Statement 3 is correct: The Brihadeeswarar temple at Tanjavur marks the greatest achievement of the
Chola architects. It is known in the inscriptions as Dakshina Meru, the construction of this temple was
inaugurated by the Chola King, Rajaraja I. A massive colonnaded prakara with sub-shrines dedicated to
the ashatadikpalas and a main entrance with gopura (known as Rajarajantiruvasal) encompasses the
massive temple. The temple walls are embellished with expansive and exquisite mural paintings.
Source: Fine arts NCERT 11th std.
https://www.indianculture.gov.in/unesco/heritage-sites/great-living-chola-temples-0
Q.2)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Around CE 850, the Cholas gradually shook off the supremacy of their rivals and reemerged as powerful
South Indian rulers. Their core territory comprised the cities of Tanjore (Tanjāvur), Kāncīpuram,
Chidambaram, Kumbhakonam, and Kāverippattanam.
Statement 1 is correct: In the 9th century CE, Vijayalaya, who was a feudatory under the Pallavas,
founded the Imperial Chola dynasty of Tanjore.
Statement 2 is correct: The Cholas were the feudatories of the Pallavas and they came to power after
overthrowing the rule of the Pallavas in South India. A large part of the peninsula was brought under the
control of the Chola Empire.
Statement 3 is correct. They developed a powerful navy, which helped them further in their conquest of
Sri Lanka and the Maldives Islands as well as in developing sea trade in the Indian Ocean. They also
defeated the rulers of Java, Sumatra, and Malaya.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya (Page 423)
Q.3)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is correct. In the Chola empire, the king was referred to as ko, perumal, perumal adigal (the
great one), raja-rajadhiraja and ko-konmai kondan (king of kings) among the other titles. The king was
considered the ultimate authority with council of ministers to advise him. The kings were frequently
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compared with the gods. For instance, Ulakalanada Perumal, the mighty one who measured the earth
like the God Vishnu, was a title given to the Chola ruler Rajaraja I.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The empire, known as Rajyam or Rastrayam, was divided into eight mandalams
(provinces). Each of it was governed by a governor/Viceroys, who were generally princes of the royal
blood or of noble families.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The assembly of the merchants or the mercantile groups were known as
Nagarattar or Nagaram. Nattars were an administrative body in the Tamil kingdoms of Chola, Pandya and
Pallava, who had the right to sell and purchase land, and make them tax-free whenever such a request
was made. Nattar generally meant an official of an area called nadu.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya (page 431)
Q.4)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Rajendra I continued the territorial expansion of the Imperial Cholas by
following his father's expansionist strategies. He was the son of the greatest Chola king, Rajaraja I.
Statement 2 is correct. By defeating Mahinda V of Sri Lanka, Rajendra I secured the victory over
Ceylon. Sri Lanka's king and queen's royal insignia were captured, and it took another 50 years for Sri
Lanka to be able to free of Chola control.
Statement 3 is incorrect. He made an expedition to the north in 1022 CE, crossed the Ganga and
defeated the Pala King Mahipal I.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya (Page no. 428)
Q.5)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is correct. The villages under the Chola Empire had a large measure of autonomy, which
resulted in economic self-sufficiency. Due to this, feudatory chiefs were prohibited from interfering
with the land system and village economy. The majority of the requirements of the villagers were met
within the villages. They produced their own food and clothing, and they had a team of craftsmen and
other professionals to meet their requirements.
Statement 2 is correct. The primary source of income of the Chola Empire was the land revenue, which
was usually 1/6 of the total produce. The village assemblies were in charge of collecting and disbursing
the royal dues, which could be made in kind, cash, or a combination of both. The agrarian economy
grew as a result of a number of reasons, including the introduction of irrigation methods, the expansion
of the range of crops, and the extension of agriculture through land reclamation.
Statement 3 is correct. The economic condition of the Cholas was very good. During the reign of the
Imperial Cholas of Tanjore, Gold, Silver, and Copper coins of several denominations were issued in
large numbers.
Q.6)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is correct. The royal court of justice under the Chola Kingdom was known as Dharmasana.
The King was considered as the Chief Justice of the judicial setup of the Cholas.
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Statement 2 is correct. Fines or orders to make a donation to a charitable endowment were the
penalties for many offences. Even crimes like murder and manslaughter were punished by fines. Cholas
considered no other punishment more severe than inscribing one’s offence on the walls of the temple. In
almost all cases of murder, whether voluntary or involuntary, the murderer was asked to light a perpetual
lamp in the temples.
Statement 3 is correct. In the Chola Empire, small disputes were resolved at the village assembly level,
making justice mostly a local issue.
Q.7)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is correct. The Panchayati Raj System, which can be regarded as one of the earliest
examples, was popularized by the Cholas. They were known for their local self-government model. The
village's administration under the imperial Cholas was highly organized and well-developed.
Statement 2 is correct. An executive committee was in charge of administering the village's affairs, and
educated property owners were chosen for it either by lot or by rotation. Every three years, these
members were required to retire. There were various committees that handled different
responsibilities, including law and order, justice, etc.
Statement 3 is correct. The Mahasabha was in-charge of the private lands under its control and held
the propriety rights over the communal lands. Mahasabha, which had a great deal of autonomy, was the
exclusively Brahman assembly or a gathering of adult male members in Agraharas.
Q.8)
Ans) c
Nannaya Bhattaraka was one of the greatest poets of Telugu in Andhra Pradesh in 11th century AD. He,
along with Tikkana and Errana, were together known as the Kavi-Traya or the Great Trio of Telugu
literature. His full name is Nannaya Bhattaraka and is well known as Aadi Kavi, which means the first
poet.
Nannaya Bhattaraka (1022–1063 CE), often known as Nannayya, was requested by Rajaraja Narendra,
the East Chalukya King, to translate the Sanskrit Mahabharata into Telugu. It was later completed by
Tikkana, a Telugu poet, in the 13th Century.
Nannaya broke the traditional native style, which were used in folk-literature of that time in his
Mahabharatamu. He brought the Marjja, which means Sanskrit tradition, in Telugu literature. Therefore,
his writings contained more Sanskrit than Telugu words. Nannaya's Mahabharatamu was not a mere
translation of Vyasa's great epic; he revealed originality in the composition. Hence, it became one of the
greatest literary pieces of the Telugu language.
Q.9)
Ans) c
The Pala empire was founded by Gopala, probably in AD 750 when he was elected king by the notable men
of the area to end the anarchy prevailing there. For about a hundred years, from the middle of the eighth
to the middle of the ninth century, the Pala rulers dominated eastern India.
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The Pala rulers were great patrons of Buddhist learning and religion. The Santarakshita and
Dipankara, notable Buddhist scholars from the Nalanda university were invited to Tibet by the Tibetan
king Trisong Detsen, who had closer contacts with the Pala rulers. As a result, many Tibetan Buddhists
came to the universities of Nalanda and Vikramsila for study, and Buddhism flourished in Tibet.
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/tibetan_1.shtml
Old NCERT, Satish Chandra, pg. 14
Q.10)
Ans) a
Statement II is correct: During the medieval India, different regional kingdoms had their own vibrant
culture and exclusive art, literature and architecture forms. But these provincial kingdoms were not
isolated areas, rather they were in continuous interaction — be it administrative, religious, cultural or
economic — with other kingdoms.
Statement I is correct: The Iqtadari system of the Delhi Sultanate influenced the administrative
systems of the Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms.
Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement-I: Due to their interaction with the Delhi
Sultanate various social, cultural, political and administrative aspects of the Vijayanagar and Bahamani
kingdom were influenced by the Delhi Sultanate. For example, the early Vijayanagar rulers called
themselves as Hindu Suratrana, meaning Hindu Sultan, where the term Sultan was borrowed from the
Delhi Sultanate. The Iqtadari system of the Delhi Sultanate influenced the administrative systems of
the Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdom. The establishment of Vijayanagar and the Bahmani kingdom
were a result of the assertion of power by provincial officers of Delhi Sultanate, like Harihara and Bukka,
and Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah etc.
Source: McGraw Hill Publication, Ancient and Medieval History By Poonam Dalal Dhaiya, First Edition,
Chapter 12.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-vijayanagara-inscription-reveals-early-
references-to-hindu-king/articleshow/91042053.cms
Q.11)
Ans) a
The Vijayanagar Empire was one of the richest states in the world during the 15th and 16th CE. Several
foreign travelers who visited the empire wrote detailed accounts about the economic situation of that
time.
Statement 1 is correct. Agriculture was the main occupation during that period. It was supported by the
rulers by providing irrigation facilities.
Statement 2 is incorrect. ‘Varaha’ was the chief gold coin used during that time. Their weights and
measure varied from place to place.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Horses, velvet cloth, copper, coral, mercury, China silk were the main imports
during this period. The main exports during this period were silk clothes, spices, rice, iron, salpetre and
sugar.
Chapter 12
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Q.12)
Ans) c
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka. It was ruled from 1336 A.D to 1646 A.D in
South India's Deccan Plateau region.
Option 1 is correct. The Sangama dynasty was the first dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire. It ruled from
1334 to 1485 AD. The founders of the Vijayanagar Empire, Harihara I and Bukka belong to this dynasty.
Option 2 is correct. Aravidu dynasty was the last dynasty of the Vijayanagar Empire. Thirumala, Sri
Ranga and Venkata II were the important rulers of this dynasty. The last ruler of Vijayanagar kingdom
was Sri Ranga III who belonged to this dynasty.
Option 3 is incorrect. Karkota dynasty established its power in Kashmir (early 7th century) and it
emerged as a power in central Asia and northern India. Durlabh Vardhana was the founder of the Karkota
dynasty.
Option 4 is correct. Saluva Dynasty was the second dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire,
with Narasimhadeva Raya (1485 AD to 1491 AD) as its first ruler. Thimma Bhupala was the last ruler of the
Saluva Dynasty.
Option 5 is correct. Tuluva Dynasty was the third dynasty to rule the Vijayanagar Empire. During this
time, the Vijayanagar empire reached its peak, Krishna Deva Raya belonged to this dynasty.
Chapter 12
Q.13)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
Ashtadiggajas is the collective title given to the eight Telugu scholars and poets in the court of Emperor
Krishnadevaraya who ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 until his death in 1529. During his reign,
Telugu literature and culture reached its zenith. The Ashtadiggajas were:
1) Allasani Peddana – the author of Manucharitram, he was also known as Andhra Kavita Pitamaha
2) Tenali Ramakrishna - the author of Panduranga Mahathyam.
3) Nandi Thimmana – the author of Parijathapaharanam
4) Madayyagari Mallana
5) Dhurjati
6) Ayyalaraju Ramabhadra Kavi
7) Pingali Surana
8) Ramaraja Bhushana
Source: McGraw Hill Publication, Ancient and Medieval History By Poonam Dalal Dhahiya, First Edition,
Chapter 12
Q.14)
Ans) a
Option a is correct. The Battle of Talikota was fought in 1565 between the Vijayanagara Empire and an
alliance of the Deccan sultanates. Aliya Rama Raya, king of the Vijayanagar Empire, was defeated and
killed in the battle of Talikota, which eventually led to the political collapse of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Option b is incorrect. The Battle of Pullalur was fought between the Chalukya king Pulakesin II and the
Pallava king Mahendravarman I in the village of Pullalur (Pollilur) in the year 619 AD.
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Option c is incorrect. The Battle of Colachel occurred in 1741 between the kingdom of Travancore and
the Dutch East India Company. In the conflict known as the Travancore-Dutch War, King Marthanda
Varma's forces emerged victorious over the Dutch East India Company
Option d is incorrect. The Battle of Diu was fought in 1509. It was a naval battle between the Portuguese
and combined force of the Sultan of Gujarat, Mamluk sultanate (Egypt) and Zamorin.
Chapter 12
Q.15)
Ans) b
Option a is incorrect. Sadasiva Raya (1542–1570) ruled the Vijayanagara Empire in 16th century India. He
was the last ruler of the Tuluva dynasty.
Option b is correct. Achyuta Deva Raya was the ruler of the South India Vijayanagara Empire. He
was Krishna Deva Raya's younger brother, whom he succeeded in 1529. Fernao Nuniz, a Portuguese
traveler, spent three years in Vijayanagara during his reign. He patronized the Purandar Dasa (father of
Carnatic Music) and the Sanskrit scholar Rajanatha Dindima II. He was succeeded by his son Venkata I,
who was a weak ruler and was killed very soon. Tiruvengalanatha temple is now popularly known by his
name, Achyutaraya Temple.
Option c is incorrect. Deva Raya II ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1425 to 1446 CE. He was a
powerful ruler of the Sangama dynasty, and he was a skilled administrator, warrior, and scholar.
Option d is incorrect. Rama Raya was the ruler of the Tuluva Dynasty during which Battle of Talikota
happened in 1565. He lost the war and was executed.
Chapter 12
Q.16)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is incorrect. There are evidences of slavery during the Vijayanagar Empire. For example,
Nicolo de Conti, an Italian merchant wrote about the prevalence of slavery in the Vijayanagar empire.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The position of women was not much improved. However, some of them were
learned such as Gangadevi, wife of Kumara Kampana, who authored the famous work Maduravijayam.
Hannamma and Thirumalamma were two other famous poets. According to Portuguese writer Nuniz,
the women in the Vijayanagara Empire were experts in Wrestling, Astrology, Accounting, Soothsaying etc.
Statement 3 is incorrect and 4 is correct: According to Nuniz, a large number of women were employed
in the royal palaces as dancers, domestic servants, and palanquin bearers. Sahagaman, i.e., Sati was
honoured. The practice of devadasi (attachment of dancing girls to temples) was in place. Even Paes
refers to the flourishing devadasi system of this period.
Chapter 12
Q.17)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c the correct answer.
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Statement 1 is correct: Vijayanagar architectural style was known as a new design form under already
established Dravida style. This was later called as Provida style. Its architecture replaced the soft stone
with hard stones. It showed the blend of Hindu and Islamic forms of architecture.
Statement 2 is correct. The tall Raya Gopuram and the Kalyanmandapam are the main characteristics of
temples. The Kalyanmandapam with carved pillars was also present in the premises of temple.
Statement 3 is correct. Vittalaswamy and Hazara Ramaswamy temple are examples of Vijayanagar style.
Other important temples during this period were Vardharaja and Ekamparanatha temples at
Kanchipuram.
Chapter 12
Q.18)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer
Vakataka Dynasty originated in the central Deccan in the mid-3rd century CE. The Vakataka empire is
believed to have extended from Malwa and Gujarat in the north to the Tungabhadra in the south and from
the Arabian Sea in the west to the Bay of Bengal in the east.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Vaidharbharti style was developed during the rule of Vakatakas.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The language used in this style was Sanskrit, not Tamil. It was glorified by the
poets like Kalidasa, Banabhatta and Dandin.
Chapter 8
Q.19)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer
The Vakataka dynasty began in the Deccan during the mid-3rd century CE. They followed the
Satavahanas in the Deccan and lived at the same time as the Guptas in northern India.
Statement 1 is incorrect: In the Vakataka era, Sanskrit and Prakrit were both used. Both were used in
royal inscriptions, literature and administration. Prakrit was used by common people and in literature
like poetry and drama. Vakatakas supported both Sanskrit and Prakrit literature.
Statement 2 is correct: Klipta was the term used for sales and purchase tax. Vakataka inscriptions
mention a well-developed system of taxation. The main taxes levied by the Vakatakas were:
1) Klipta: A purchase and sales tax on goods sold within the kingdom.
2) Upaklipta: An additional minor tax on goods sold within the kingdom.
3) Bhumi-kara: A land tax on all agricultural land.
4) Udranga: A tax on houses and other buildings.
5) Shulka: A customs duty on goods imported into and exported out of the kingdom.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Vakataka patronised diverse religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Jainism.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India, RS Sharma Ancient India
Q.20)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer
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The Bahmani Sultanate, ruling the Deccan from 1347 to 1527, was founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman
Shah, a Delhi Sultanate governor. It declined in the 16th century due to various reasons like internal
strife, external threats, and economic issues.
It fragmented into five following sultanates in 1527: -
1) Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur (Option 1 is correct)
2) Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda
3) Nizam Shahi dynasty of Ahmednagar (Option 2 is correct)
4) Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar
5) Barid Shahi dynasty of Bidar (Option 4 is correct)
Option 3 is incorrect: Gajapati Empire was not a part of Bahmani Kingdom. The Gajapati empire was
established by the Suryavamsa dynasty during the late 15th century. The dynasty ended in 1541 when
Kakharua Deva was killed by Govinda Vidyadhara, who founded the Bhoi dynasty.
Knowledge Base:
Bijapur
Bijapur was governed by the Adil Shahi dynasty. It was founded by Yusuf Adil Shah in 1498. Bijapur
thrived in art, culture, and architecture. It ended in 1686 when Aurangzeb incorporated it into the Mughal
Empire.
Golconda
The Qutb Shahi dynasty ruling Golconda Sultanate was founded by Sultan Quli Qutb Shah in 1518.
Golconda witnessed remarkable architectural feats like Golconda Fort and Charminar. The dynasty ended
in 1687 when Golconda was annexed by Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb.
Ahmednagar
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The Nizam Shahi dynasty governed the Sultanate of Ahmednagar founded by Ahmad Nizam Shah I in
1490. Ahmednagar was annexed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1636.
Berar
The Imad Shahi dynasty governed the Berar Sultanate, founded by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk in 1490,
Berar, though small, was strategically vital. After Sultan Tufail Khan's death in 1574, Berar fell under the
Nizam Shahi dynasty of Ahmednagar.
Bidar
The Barid Shahi dynasty governed the Sultanate of Bidar founded by Amir Barid in 1492. Bidar was
known for its robust fortifications. Eventually, Bijapur annexed Bidar in 1619.
Source: Tamil Nadu State Board Class XI Book, Poonam Dalal Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India
Q.21)
Ans) b
Kumbhakarna Singh, also known as Maharana Kumbha, ruled Mewar from 1433 to 1468 CE. He was a
Sisodia Rajput. He raised Mewar to the great status of power.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Rana Kumbha was not a contemporary of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1309 –1388).
Rana Kumbha and Sultan Mahmud Khalji of Malwa had a history of conflict. Rana Kumbha sheltered
Mahmud Khalji's rival. In retaliation, Mahmud Khalji and Rana Kumba engaged in battle, with both sides
claiming victory. Kumbha built a Victory Tower in Chittor to commemorate his triumph.
Statement 2 is correct: Rana Kumbha built the city of Basantpur in 1458 CE. It is located in present day
Rajasthan. Originally called Bansenpur, it was named after the goddess Basanti, worshipped by locals.
Basantpur was strategically built to defend Mewar from its enemies.
Statement 3 is correct: Rana Kumbha wrote Sangeet Ratnakar. He patronized art, literature, and music,
being a skilled veena player. Acclaimed as 'Sangeet Shiromani,' he authored works like Sangeet-Raj,
Sangeet Mimansa, Sangeet Ratnakar, and Sudprabandh. Patron of scholars like Mahesh and Atri,
composers of Victory Tower inscriptions
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India
Q.22)
Ans) c
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom in northern India between 1394 and 1494. It was ruled by
the Sharqi dynasty.
Statement 1 is correct: Malik Sarwar was a eunuch slave of probably African origins. He founded the
Sharqi Dynasty in India. He founded this by taking advantage of the weakened state of the Delhi Sultanate
after Timur's invasion. He expanded his control over Awadh and significant parts of the Ganges-Yamuna
Doab, including Kannauj, Kara, Sandeela, Dalmau, Bahraich, Bihar, and Tirhut.
Page 10 of 21
Statement 2 is correct: In Sharqi-Jaunpur architecture, minarets are not used. This style developed in
Jaunpur Sultanate in India during 14th and 15th centuries. There are reasons for avoiding minarets. One
reason could be to create a unique style. Another reason might be influence from local Hindu
architecture, which doesn't have minarets.
Statement 3 is correct: Sikandar Lodhi annexed Jaunpur. The Sharqi Dynasty of Jaunpur ended in 1480
when Sultan Hussain Sharqi (last ruler of the Sharqi dynasty) was defeated by Sikander Lodi, the Delhi
Sultan. Jaunpur was annexed by the Delhi Sultanate and became part of the Delhi Sultanate and later fell
under Mughal rule after the establishment of the Mughal Empire.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India
Q.23)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The assertion is false: The Raja Krishna Dev of the Kakatiya dynasty with Warangal as capital
constructed the Golkonda Fort on a granite hill. During 1495–1496 the fort was handed over to Sultan
Kali Kutub Khan as a Jagir (land grant). He reconstructed and rechristened the mud fort into a granite fort
and called the place Muhammed Nagar. Later, the Golkonda fort came into the possession of the Bahmani
dynasty. Still later, the Qutub Shahi dynasty took over and made Golkonda its capital.
Reason is true: Golconda Fort is located at a strategic location in the western part of Hyderabad city and
is about 9 km from the Hussain Sagar Lake. It had thick walls, bastions, and gateways, making it a very
difficult fort to capture. The fort was also surrounded by a moat, which provided an additional layer of
defence. The Kakatiya dynasty constructed this fort to defend them from external threats. The Qutb
Shahi dynasty, who ruled Golconda from the 16th to the 18th centuries, were constantly at war with their
neighbours, including the Mughal Empire. Golconda Fort was therefore essential for the defence of the
kingdom.
Knowledge Base:
The Qutb Shahi dynasty was constantly at war with their neighbours, including the Mughal Empire. In
1685, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb laid siege to Golconda Fort. The siege lasted for eight months, but
the fort eventually fell to the Mughals.
The outermost enclosure is called Fateh Darwaza meaning Victory gate, after Aurangzeb’s army marched
successfully through this gate. At Fateh Darwaza one can witness fantastic acoustical effects, which is one
among the many famous engineering marvels at Golconda.
Source: Ancient and Medieval India by Poonam Dalal Dahiya
Tamil Nadu SCERT Higher Secondary volume 2
Page 11 of 21
Q.24)
Ans) b
Alaudin Hasan Bahman Shah (1347–1358): He was the founder of one of India's great medieval kingdoms,
the Bahmani kingdom. He was also known as Hasan Gangu. He was involved in rivalry with the
Vijayanagar kingdom over the fertile Raichur doab, lying between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.
Bahman Shah had also to contend in the east with the rulers of Warangal and Odisha. His attempt to
exact an annual tribute from the state of Warangal, the Reddi kingdoms of Rajahmundry and Kondavidu,
led to frequent wars. Bahman Shah emerged victorious in all these expeditions and assumed the title
Second Alexander on his coins.
Source: Tamil Nadu SCERT Higher Secondary volume 2
Q.25)
Ans) b
The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha
Empire from 1775 to 1782. The war was triggered by the Treaty of Surat. Through this treaty,
Raghunathrao, a claimant to the throne of the Peshwa, ceded the islands of Salsette and Bassein to the
British in exchange for their help in installing him as Peshwa.
Statement 1 is correct: The Treaty of Surat was signed out of frustration by Raghunath Rao with Bombay
Governor, without the knowledge of Warren Hastings. According to treaty, Raghunath Rao agreed to
hand over islands of Salsette and Bassein to British. This led to the First Anglo-Maratha war.
Statement 2 is correct: During the First Anglo-Maratha war, Mahadji Shinde played a significant role in
the early success of Maratha. The Maratha under Mahadji Shinde became victorious in the Battle of
Wadgaon. There was a series of battles with the result of Treaty of Saibai, which ended the first Anglo-
Maratha war. For this he was called as a “Maratha Machiavelli” by the Europeans.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed by Warren Hastings and Nana Phadnavis,
ended the First Anglo-Maratha War. It pensioned off Raghunath Rao, and ushered in a two-decade peace
between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.
The Treaty of Bassein (1802), signed after the Second Anglo-Maratha War, made the Marathas a subsidiary
ally of the British. It obliged them to maintain a British force at their expense and to not enter into any
treaties with foreign powers without British consent.
Source: Tamil Nadu SCERT Higher Secondary volume 2
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20314/1/Unit-10.pdf
Q.26)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is correct: Shivaji was a not only a great warrior but a good administrator too. He had an
advisory council to assist him in his day-to-day administration. This council of eight ministers was
known as Ashta Pradhan. Peshwa as one of the eight ministers. The Mukhya Pradhan or Peshwa or
prime minister whose duty was to look after the general welfare and interests of the State. He
officiated for the king in his absence.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Balaji Vishwanath Bhat and not Baji Rao I is known in history for making the
post of the Peshwa hereditary, and for making the position as one of the most important and powerful
ones in the Maratha administration. He played a crucial role in the civil war and helped Shahu become
the Maratha ruler by seeking the support of all Maratha leaders
Page 12 of 21
Statement 3 is incorrect: After the third Anglo-Maratha war and not the Second Anglo-Maratha war,
Britishers abolished the office of peshwa. Baji Rao II was the peshwa at that time. He was defeated by the
East India Company in the Third Anglo– Maratha War in c.1818 CE after which the Peshwa’s territory in
central Maharashtra was annexed to the British East India Company’s Bombay province and he was
pensioned off.
Source: Ancient and Medieval India by Poonam dalal Dahiya.
Tamil Nadu SCERT Higher Secondary volume 2
Q.27)
Ans) b
Shivaji's revenue system was heavily influenced by the Deccani states and the Mughals. Shivaji appointed
his own revenue officials, known as karkuns, and severely reduced the authority of the Deshmukhs and
Kulkarnis.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Two major sources of revenue for the Maratha Kingdom, Chauth and
sardeshmukhi, were collected in the neighbouring territories of the Mughal Empire or Deccan
sultanates. Chauth was 25% of the land revenue from those territories that wanted to avoid raids by the
Marathas. Sardeshmukhi was a 10% additional tax levied (or one-tenth of the standard land revenue) on
regions where the Marathas claimed hereditary rights.
Statement 2 is correct. The central bureaucracy and local administration were supervised by
Kamvishdar who used to have extensive authority over tax assessment and collection under the
Marathas. They kept records, adjudicated cases, and informed superior officials about the state of affairs
in the local regions.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya Chapter-14
Q.28)
Ans) a
The Mughals and the Deccani states had a significant influence on the administrative structure of the
Marathas. The Maratha Kingdom was referred to as Mulk-e-Kadim or Swarajya.
Statement 1 is correct. The king served as the centre of the Maratha government and was assisted by
the Ashtapradhan, a council of ministers. Each one of the ministers forming the Ashtapradhan headed a
department and reported directly to Shivaji.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The offices under the Ashtapradhan were neither hereditary nor permanent
during Shivaji's reign, and they were frequently transferred.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Of all the ministers comprising the Ashtapradhan, Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati
was the Military commander of the Maratha Army and was not the head of the intelligence
department. Peshwa was the in-charge of the centralised intelligence department under the Marathas.
Statement 4 is incorrect. The Ashtapradhan under the Shivaji included ministers like, Peshwa, Sar-i-
Naubat or Senapati, Amatya or Majumdar, Waqenavis, Surnavis or Chitnis or Sachiv, Sumant or Dabir,
Nyayadish and Pandit Rao. Except for Pandit Rao and Nyayadhish, all of the ministers under the
Ashtapradhan used to take part in the war.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya (Page No. 743-744)
Q.29)
Ans) b
Page 13 of 21
Shivaji was a military genius, and his army was extraordinarily organized. The Marathas pioneered
the commando operations and were very well-known for their tactics known as guerilla warfare.
Statement 1 is correct. The regular standing army of the Marathas was referred to as 'Paga'.
It comprised of about 30,000 to 40,000 cavalries headed by the havaldar, who were given salaries that
were fixed.
Statement 2 is incorrect. 'Naik' was the designation given to the lowest head of the cavalry under the
Maratha empire.
Statement 3 is correct. At the time of emergency, the peasants used to serve as part-time soldiers.
They used to work for eight months in their fields and performed war duty for the remaining four
months of the year.
Q.30)
Ans) d
Exp) option d is the correct answer.
The Maratha cavalry consisted of two divisions:
1) Silahdars- were maintained by the nobles. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
2) Bargirs- were equipped and paid for by the state. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
The Marathas possessed a powerful infantry division. This infantry was extremely light and mobile, and
the Mavli foot soldiers were important to the infantry.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya (Page No. 745)
Q.31)
Ans) c
Marathas under the Shivaji paid special attention to the measurement of land. The land under the
Marathas was categorized into paddy fields, garden lands, and hilly tracts.
1) Shivaji employed ‘Siivasahi kathi’ system for measuring the land under his administration.
2) Under the kathi system of land measurement, a bigha of land was made up of 20 kathis, while a chavar
was made up of 120 bighas.
Statement 1 is correct. Shivaji's system of land measurement was strongly influenced by the Mughals
and Deccani states like that of Malik Amber of Ahmadnagar.
Statement 2 is correct. Shivaji substituted the rope by a kathi (a measuring rod) as a land measuring
instrument as the accuracy of the rope was reported to be affected by the seasonal variations.
Q.32)
Ans) a
The Marathas' administrative system was heavily inspired by the Mughal and Deccani states'
administrative systems (adopted by Malik Amber of Ahmednagar and Mahmud Gawan of the Bahmani
Kingdom). Hindavi Swarajya was the name given to the Maratha Kingdom. The king was assisted by the
Ashtapradhan, a council of ministers. Each one reported directly to Shivaji and was in charge of a
specific department.
Page 14 of 21
Pair 1 is correct. Punditrao was in charge of the state's charity and religious matters. He strove to
improve the morale of the people.
Pair 2 is incorrect. Surnavis, Chitnis, or Sachiv was the General Secretary, who was also in charge of
official communications.
Pair 3 is incorrect. Sumant or Dabir was in charge of foreign relations and was the master of royal
ceremonies.
Pair 4 is incorrect. Mantri or Waqia Navis was responsible for the Personal safety of the king, he
looked after the intelligence, post and household affairs.
Knowledge Base:
Other terms during Maratha Administrations
1) Peshwa or the Chief Minister- He looked after general administration.
2) Amatya or Majumdar- Accountant general, he later became revenue and finance minister.
3) Senapati or Sari-i-Naubat- Military commander. He looked after the recruitment, training and
discipline of army.
4) Nyayadhish- Administration of Justice
Source: poonam dalal dhaiya Ch-12
Q.33)
Ans) a
During the Vijayanagara kingdom, land was classified into various categories for administrative purposes,
revenue collection, and to ensure proper distribution of resources.
Pair 1 is correct: Amaram (Assigned land) were such lands that were given to military personnel,
officials, or courtiers as a reward for their services to the kingdom. The recipients of such lands were
expected to provide military services when required.
Pair 2 is incorrect: Manya lands were granted to Brahmins by the Vijayanagara kings as a reward for
their services or contributions to the kingdom. These land grants were meant to support the livelihood
of the Brahmins, who played an essential role in religious, educational, and cultural affairs. The revenue
generated from Manya lands was typically exempt from taxes, and the Brahmins were allowed to use
this income for their sustenance and maintenance of religious and educational institutions.
Pair 3 is incorrect: The Bhandarvada was a village directly under crown comprising the smallest
category. A part of its income was utilised to maintain the Vijayanagar forts.
Source:
https://ykcollege.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ADMINSTRATION-OF-VIAJANAGAR-
converted.pdf
Ancient and Medieval India by Poonam Dahiya (Chapter-11 Delhi Sultanate)
Q.34)
Ans) a
The Third Anglo-Maratha War was the final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company
and the Maratha Empire. The war ended in 1818 with the defeat of the Marathas and the annexation of
their territories by the British.
Option a is correct. Several notable treaties were signed following the third Anglo-Maratha War. The
Treaty of Poona was signed between the East India Company and the Peshwa in June 1817. The Peshwa
finally surrendered in June 1818, and the Maratha Confederacy was abolished. Bajirao II was dethroned by
Page 15 of 21
the British after the war, and he was subsequently allowed to live as a pensioner under their
protection. Bajirao II was exiled to Bithur, a small town near Kanpur.
Options b and c are incorrect. During the First Anglo-Maratha War, a series of conflicts occurred,
culminating in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. This effectively ended the first Anglo-Maratha war. The
Marathas also vowed that they would not cede the French any further territories.
Raghunathrao was to get a Rs.3 lakh pension each year. The English acknowledged Madhavrao II
(Narayanrao's son) as the Peshwa.
Option d is incorrect. The British army defeated the Maratha forces in the second Anglo-Maratha War
(1803–05). Aside from the Treaty of Bassein, the Britishers and Marathas signed the following treaties: the
Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon, the Treaty of Deogaon, and the Treaty of Rajghat.
The Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon, signed in 1803 between Scindias and Britishers, brought under British
control the territories of Gurgaon, Ganga-Yamuna Doab, Delhi Agra area, Rohtak, Broach, some
portions of Bundelkhand, parts of Gujarat, and Ahmadnagar fort.
Source: NCERT Class 8 Ch-2 /Spectrum
Q.35)
Ans) c
Shivaji is credited with the construction of over 250 forts, and it was via these forts that he was able to
not only handle his military operations but also dominate the hinterland.
Statement 1 is correct. There was never a single official in charge of anything in the fort. Each fort had a
sarnobat, a havaldar, and a sabnis, while larger forts may have up to 10 tat-sarnobats.
1) The Havaldars oversaw the fort's security and safety and were the guardians of the fort's keys.
2) The Sabnis were in charge of keeping records of correspondence, the muster roll, and the revenue of
the territory under the fort's control.
3) Sarnobat was in charge of the fort's garrison.
Statement 2 is correct. These officials (sarnobat, havaldar, and sabnis) were equal in rank and work
division. Every order issued by the sabnis had to bear the seals of havaladr and karkhani to keep an eye on
the officers of the forts.
Statement 3 is correct. To prevent any specific caste from dominating, the havadars and sarnobat must
be Maratha, while the sabnis must be Brahmins and the karkhani must be prabhu (kayastha).
Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/82871/2/Theme-
2.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjhoKDAiPqBAxWdcWwGHep7Ae8QFnoECC4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw25ZZXNUDfNln9NRB
UGioqM
Q.36)
Ans) d
Watan Jagirs were an integral part of the administrative and revenue collection systems of many Indian
states, including the Maratha Empire.
Option a is incorrect. Chauth was to avoid Maratha incursions, one-fourth (1/4th) of the land revenue
was paid to the Marathas.
Option b is incorrect. Ghalla-Bakshi was a tax on cattle and other animals, particularly on the cattle
trade, which was a significant source of income
Option c is incorrect. Miras was a customs tax levied on commodities imported or exported through
Maratha-controlled ports, trade routes, or territories.
Page 16 of 21
Option d is correct. Watan Jagirs were land grants assigned to zamindar or rajas in their local dominions.
Watan Jagirs were hereditary and nontransferable. The rulers of Amer and Jodhpur served as vassals to
the Mughals and were given watan jagirs (regions or provinces) to govern autonomously. Watan Jagirs
were usually inherited.
Source: NCERT Class 7 Ch- 10 poonam dalal dhaiya Ch-12
Q.37)
Ans) b
Bahmani kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India. It was founded by Alauddin Hasan
Bahman Shah (c.1347–58 CE). He divided the Bahmani kingdom into four divisions or provinces. His son
Muhammad called these provinces Tarafs, each placed under a Tarafdar. Thus, Tarafdar was the
governor of provinces in Bahmani kingdom.
Later Gawan divided the kingdom into eight tarafs or provinces, each governed by a Tarafdar.
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gess109.pdf
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs203.pdf
Q.38)
Ans) b
Statement 1 is incorrect: Bahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in Southern India during
the medieval era in Indian History. It was founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (in 1347), also known
as Hasan Gangu, revolting against the Delhi Sultanate of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Hoshang Shah (1406–
1435) was the first formally appointed Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate of Central India.
Statement 2 is correct: There were constant conflicts between the Vijayanagar kingdom and the
Bahmani Sultanate as their interests clashed in three separate and distinct areas:
1) Over the control of the Raichur doab
2) The Krishna–Godavari basin
3) Over the Marathwada region
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs203.pdf
Q.39)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct Answer.
According to tradition and epigraphic evidence two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, founded the
Vijayanagara Empire in 1336. This empire included within its fluctuating frontiers peoples who spoke
different languages and followed different religious traditions
Statement 1 and 3 are correct: The Vijayanagara kings claimed to rule on behalf of the god Virupaksha.
All royal orders were signed “Shri Virupaksha”, usually in the Kannada script.
Statement 2 is correct: Rulers also indicated their close links with the gods by using the title “Hindu
Suratrana”. This was a Sanskritisation of the Arabic term Sultan, meaning king, so it literally meant Hindu
Sultan.
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs203.pdf
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MYLv9dLMp9tKbDutru3KlON7FmDLFOMf/view
Page 17 of 21
Q.40)
Ans) b
The king was the ultimate authority in the Vijayanagara kingdom. He was also the supreme commander of
the army. He was assisted by several high-ranking officers. The chief minister was known as the
mahapradhani.
Pair 1 is correct: Chiefs controlled production within their Nayaktanam territories by creating
commercial centers (pettai) and markets, encouraging the settlement of cultivators and artisans with tax
concessions, creating and maintaining irrigation facilities, etc.
Pair 2 is incorrect and 3 is correct: The Chief Minister led a number of lower-ranking officers, like
Dalavay (commander), Vassal (guard of the palace), Rayasam (secretary/ accountant), Adaippam
(personal attendant), and Kariya-Karta (executive agents).
Knowledge Base: The Pradhan was either a royal member or a military officer not related to the royal
family. The pradhan had his own revenue accountants and military to assist in his administration. Within
each rajya, there were smaller administrative divisions like Nadu, sima, sthala, kampana, etc. The lowest
unit was of course the village. The rajyas lost their administrative and revenue status under the Tuluva
dynasty due to the development of the Nayak system under Krishadevaraya.
Source: TNSCERT: Medieval: Bahmani and vijayanagara kingdom
Q.41)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct Answer.
Among those who exercised power in the Vijayanagar empire were military chiefs who usually controlled
forts and had armed supporters. These chiefs often moved from one area to another, and in many cases
were accompanied by peasants looking for fertile land on which to settle. These chiefs were known as
Nayakas.
Statement 1 is correct: Nuniz says that the Vijayanagar kingdom at that time was divided between more
than two hundred captains (his translation for Nayak). They were compelled in turn to keep certain
number of military forces (horses and foot soldiers) to serve the king in times of need. They were also
required to pay certain amount of the revenue to the king in particular times of a year, like during the
nine-day Maha Navami festival.
Statement 2 is correct: Some of the revenue collected by the Nayaka was also used for the maintenance
of temples and irrigation works.
Statement 3 is correct: Nayaka or Nayakar system is similar to the iqta system practiced by the Delhi
Sultanate at that time. But in the Vijayanagar kingdom, the regular assignment of revenue-yielding
territory in return for military service is clearly found only from about 1500 or a little earlier.
Statement 4 is correct: The Nayakas sent tribute to the king annually and personally appeared in the
royal court with gifts to express their loyalty. Kings occasionally asserted their control over them by
transferring them from one place to another. However, during the course of the seventeenth century,
many of these nayakas established independent kingdoms. This hastened the collapse of the central
imperial structure.
Source: TNSCERT: Medieval: Bahmani and Vijayanagar kingdom
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs203.pdf
Q.42)
Ans) d
Page 18 of 21
Saint Kabir Das (1440-1518) was a very renowned saint, poet and social reformer of India who lived during
the 15th century. Guru Nanak (1469-1539) was the founder and first Guru of Sikhism, was born in the
year 1469, in the village of Talwandi which is located in the Punjab
Option a is incorrect: Both Kabir and Guru Nanak were against the practise of idol worship. Guru
Nanak held that instead of putting our faith in the almighty who is omnipresent we are putting our faith
in some statue. Kabir worshipped the Nirguna (without form) God whom he calls by several names such
as Rama, Allah, Hari, Sain, Sahib, etc.
Option b is incorrect: The Bhakti movement promoted the growth of vernacular language and literature
in different parts of the country. Kabir, Nanak and Chaitanya preached in their respective vernacular
tongues – Kabir in Hindi, Nanak in Gurmukhi and Chaitanya in Bengali. So subsequent Bhakti literatures
were compiled in these languages and many Muslim writers also translated Sanskrit works into regional
languages
Option c is incorrect: Both Kabir and Guru Nanak subscribed to the idea of nonviolence. However,
Sikhism under its sixth Guru Hargobind began its transformation from a peaceful community to
warrior community.
Option d is correct: The Guru Granth Sahib incorporates the teachings of both Kabir and Guru Nanak.
It incorporates the writings of many Bhakti poets and Sufi saints such as Ramananda, Namadeva, Kabir
and Sheikh Farid. While Adi Granth is the teachings of Guru Nanak.
Source: Class XI: TN SCERT - Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India
https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20200/1/Unit-29.pdf
Q.43)
Ans) b
Ahmad Shah Abdali also known as Ahmad Shah Durrani who was elected the successor of Nadir Shah
after the latter’s death in 1747, invaded India several times between 1748 and 1767.
Option a is incorrect: Nadir Shah had only one aim – loot and scoot. The Afghans under Ahmed Shah
Abdali had a mixed approach. They desired to rule only the areas adjoining their homeland and east of
Indus focussed on revenue collection and loot. Ahmad Shah Abdali repeatedly invaded India however he
did not establish a kingdom in India and even they could not retain the Punjab which they lost to the
Sikhs chiefs.
Option b is correct: In 1757, Abdali captured Delhi and he appointed the Rohila chief, Najib-ud-Daula, as
Mir Bakhshi of the empire, who was to act as personal supreme agent of Abdali. In 1758, Najib-ud-Daula
was expelled from Delhi by the Maratha chief, Raghunath Rao, who also captured Punjab. In 1759,
Ahmad Shah Abdali returned to India to take revenge on the Marathas and the result was the third
Battle of Panipat in 1761, in which Abdali defeated the Marathas.
Option c is incorrect: Adina Mirza Beg Khan was a Punjabi General and administrator who served as the
last governor of Punjab of the Mughal Empire. Threatened by Jahan Khan (he was the guardian of
Abdalis 11-year-old son who was the governor of Lahore), Adina Beg invited the Marathas to invade
Punjab. A combined army of Marathas, Adina and the Sikhs first captured Sirhind in 1758, and then raced
to capture Lahore, thus Afghans were chased beyond the Indus.
Option d is incorrect: Ahmad Shah Abdali continuously harassed the Mughals who tried to buy peace in
1751-52 by ceding Punjab to him. However, Abdali wanted to avenge Marathas because they under their
chief, Raghunath Rao captured Punjab.
Source: Old NCERT Class XII: Modern India Pg no 8
Page 19 of 21
Q.44)
Ans) c
Option a is incorrect: Under Marathas, the tankha is a type of revenue settlement. It is a permanent
standard assessment for each village.
Option b is incorrect: The revenue collectors were commonly designated as kamavisdars or mamlatdars.
Option c is correct: - The Maratha government divided their kingdom into three Prants and appointed an
officer to head the prant known as sarkarkun, He was the officer of the level of the council of ministers
of Chhatrapati Shivaji.
Option d is incorrect: Under the Maratha empire, there were two types of tenants. First one is a
Mirasdars, who is a resident cultivator with hereditary rights of occupancy and a second one is Uparis,
a temporary cultivator.
Source: https://archive.mu.ac.in/myweb_test/M.A.%20-%20II%20-%20History%20-%20VIII.pdf
Q.45)
Ans) c
Option 1 is correct: During this period of 18th century, the Widows belonging to higher castes were not
allowed to remarry, though in some regions and in some castes it was common. For example, among the
non-brahmins of Maharashtra region (Maratha region), Jats and people of hill region of North, widow
remarriage was quite common.
Option 2 is correct: The trade activity during this period faced a setback owing to the frequent wars
and struggle between the different rulers. For instance, Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali invasion,
Third Battle of Panipat all disrupted the trade activities both within and outside the country.
Option 3 is correct: The evil of dowry was more pronounced in the region of Rajput states and Bengal.
However, in the region of Maharashtra it was curbed to the extent by the efforts of Peshwas of
Marathas.
Source: Old NCERT Class XII - Indian states and societies in the 18th century
Q.46)
Ans) c
The Vakatakas were a major ruling family of the period from the mid-3rd century to the 5th century CE.
Statement 1 is correct: The Ajanta cave inscription of Harisena claims Brahmana origins for the
Vakatakas and the founder Vindhyasakti is called a dvija. The Vakatakas, who, according to K.M. Shrimali
had a ‘tribal’ origin, also seem to be Bhargavangirasa Brahmanas of the Visnuvriddha gotra.
Statement 2 is incorrect: After the decline of Satavahanas, the political control of Deccan under one
dynasty came to an end. Several kingdoms arose in different regions as successors of the Satavahanas.
The Maharashtra plateau soon came to be dominated by the Vakatakas. They began as minor kings from
the last quarter of the 3rd century CE, but rapidly gained power and extended their sway over most of
Maharashtra and adjoining parts of Madhya Pradesh.
Statement 3 is correct: The Vakatakas were a major ruling family of the period from the fourth to the
sixth centuries AD, who were directly influenced by the changing political configuration in north India
under the Guptas. They not only had close political ties and matrimonial relations with the Guptas but
also for the first time introduced Gupta political structures in peninsular India.
Page 20 of 21
Statement 4 is correct: There were two lines of Vakataka kings ruling in different areas. The main line
ruled from eastern Maharashtra (the Vidarbha region), while a collateral branch called the Basin branch of
Vakatakas ruled in southern Maharashtra. The most famous Vakataka king was Pravarasena-I of the
main line, who alone had the title of Samrat among the Vakatakas. He performed several Vedic
sacrifices and issued many land grants to brahmanas.
Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/67715/1/Unit-9.pdf
Q.47)
Ans) c
The rise of the Marathas in the seventeenth century is an important and fascinating event in the
history of India. There were several factors that led to the rise of the Maratha Kingdom.
Statement 1 is correct. Several prominent leaders in the religious and social fields of Maharashtra like
Tuka Ram, Ram Das, Vaman Pandit and Eknath, inspired the people to unite by preaching faith and Bhakti
in one God and by condemning the caste system which had divided the society. Hence the inspirational
influence of religious and social leaders became a reason for the rise of the Maratha empire.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Muslim kingdoms in the South were in the process of disintegration. The
political situation was quite favourable for the rise of the Marathas. Hence the Unstable political
condition of the South gave the Maratha rulers the opportunity to rise.
Statement 3 is correct. The location of Maharashtra and its physical features helped in the rise of
Maratha power. The large part of Maratha land is a plateau where the Marathas had to struggle hard for
their existence. This made the Marathas courageous and hard working. Hence the geographical
conditions favoured the rise of the Maratha empire. Hilly region and forest in the regions helped maratha
attack and hide, utilising Gorilla technique which helped them survive for long and make an empire.
Statement 4 is correct. The broken ranges of the hills provided natural forts and the people were
inspired to regard these forts as their mother-the seats of their protection. Hence the ready-made and
easily defensible rock forts became an edge for the Maratha empire to lead on.
Source: Satish Chandra
Q.48)
Ans) c
One of the most important rulers of the Vijayanagar states was Krishnadevaraya, who belonged to the
Tuluva dynasty. He was given titles of Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana ,Moorurayaraganda and Andhra
Bhoja. His reign is described often as the Golden Age of Telugu Literature, equal patronage was also
given to Kannada, Tamil, and Sanskrit authors and writers. Many Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada and Tamil
poets enjoyed the patronage of the emperor.
Options 1 and 3 are correct: Krishnadevaraya wrote the Amukta Malyada in Telugu, also known by the
name Vishnuchitteeyam, in which he beautifully describes the pangs of separation suffered by Andal (one
of the twelve bhakti era alwars) for her lover Lord Vishnu.
Jambavati Kalyanam, Madalasa Charita, Satyavadu Parinnya and Rasamanjari are his Sanskrit works.
Option 2 is incorrect: Mitakshara is a commentary on the law book of Yajnavalkya by Viganeshawara.
Source: https://indiafacts.org/krishnadeva-raya-golden-age-telugu-literature/
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Krishnadevaraya
Page 21 of 21
Q.49)
Ans) c
Parantaka I (873 CE–955 CE) was a ruler of the Chola kingdom in Tamil Nadu. He was the son of Aditya I.
He extended his boundary by conquering many parts of Southern India. He also extended his empire up
to Nellore in the north.
Statement 1 is correct: Parantaka I captured the Pandyan capital Madurai by defeating Rajasimhan II.
kingdom. He also won the battle of Vallala against Rashtrakutas in the Deccan. The best part of his reign
was marked by increasing success and prosperity.
Statement 2 is correct: Parantaka I assumed the title Madurai Kondan (Capturer of Madurai) to
commemorate his victory over the Pandya king. The Uttaramerur inscriptions speak about the stories of
Parantaka I. He also took title of Panditavatsalan (fond of learned men), Kunjaramallan (the wrestler with
elephants) and Surachulamani (the crest jewel of the heroes).
Statement 3 is correct: Parantaka I took a keen interest in the internal administration of his country. He
laid out the rules for the conduct of the village assemblies in an inscription. He also introduced many
salutary reforms for the proper administration of local self-Government. The copper-plate
inscriptions detail Parantaka I's promotion of agricultural prosperity by the digging of numerous canals
all over the country.
Knowledge Base: The Vimana of the famous Nataraja temple at Chidambaram with a golden roof was
provided by Parantaka I. He was devout and a follower of lord Siva (and not of lord Krishna). He was
religious but secular and encouraged various faiths. He utilized the spoils of war to donate to numerous
temple charities.
Source: Class XI TN Board Book on Ancient History
Q.50)
Ans) b
Uttaramerur, which has a 1,250-year history, is situated in Kancheepuram district, about 90 km from
Chennai. The Pallava king Nandivarman II established it around 750 A.D. The Pallavas, the Cholas, the
Pandyas, the Sambuvarayars, the Vijayanagara Rayas, and the Nayaks successively ruled it. The village has
three important temples, the Sundara Varadaraja Perumal temple, the Subramanya temple, and the
Kailasanatha temple.
Statement 1 is correct: Uttaramerur inscription, dated around 920 A.D. in the reign of Parantaka Chola
[907-955 A.D.] is an outstanding document in the history of India. It mentions about written constitution
of the village assembly.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Uttaramerur inscription gives astonishing details about the constitution of
wards, the qualification of candidates standing for elections, the disqualification norms, the mode of
election, the constitution of committees with elected members, the functions of those committees, the
power to remove the wrongdoer, etc. A variety of secular transactions of the village, dealing with
administrative, judicial, commercial, agricultural, transportation and irrigation regulations, as
administered by the then village assembly are found in this inscription. Thus, Uttaramerur inscription
did not contain any order from the Chola ruler regarding famine relief measures to the subjects of the
kingdom.
Statement 3 is correct: Uttaramerur inscription testifies to the historical fact that nearly 1,100 years
ago, a village had an elaborate and highly refined electoral system and even a written constitution
prescribing the mode of elections. It gives a vivid picture of the efficient administration of the village
society in the bygone ages. The details of this system of elective village democracy are inscribed on the
walls of the village assembly (grama sabha mandapa), a rectangular structure made of granite slabs.
Source: TN Class 11th, Satish Chandra

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PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 24 – Solutions (111136) |

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