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    Activity Modeling Cell Respiration

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    Wendy Ratliff
    Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through a series of redox reactions. The process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing pyruvate. The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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    Activity Modeling Cell Respiration

    Uploaded by

    Wendy Ratliff
    45 views3 pages
    Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through a series of redox reactions. The process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing pyruvate. The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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    Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through a series of redox reactions. The process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing pyruvate. The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views3 pages

    Activity Modeling Cell Respiration

    Uploaded by

    Wendy Ratliff
    Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through a series of redox reactions. The process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing pyruvate. The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Name _________________________________________________ Block ________

    Activity: Modeling Cellular Respiration


    How can cells convert the energy in glucose to ATP?
    Using your textbook, lecture notes, and the materials available in class (or those you devise at home), model
    cellular respiration (an aerobic process) as it occurs in a plant or animal cell. Each model should include a
    dynamic (working or active) representation of the events that occur in glycolysis.

    Building the Model


    • Use chalk on a tabletop or a marker on a large sheet of paper to draw the cell membrane and the
    mitochondrial membranes.
    • Use playdough or cutout pieces of paper to represent the molecules, ions, and membrane transporters or
    pumps.
    • Use the pieces you assembled to model the process of aerobic respiration. Develop a dynamic
    (claymation-type) model that allows you to manipulate or move glucose and its breakdown products
    through the various steps of aerobic respiration.
    • When you feel you have developed a good working model, demonstrate and explain it to another
    student.

    Be sure your model of cellular respiration includes and explains the actions and roles of the following:

    glucose ADP electrons (e-)


    oxygen Pi chemiosmosis
    carbon dioxide ATP ATP synthase (proton pumps)
    pyruvate water cristae
    acetyl CoA electron transport chain proton gradients
    NAD+ mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation
    NADH inner mitochondrial membrane substrate-level phosphorylation
    FAD outer mitochondrial membrane
    FADH2 H+

    Use your models to answer the questions.

    1. The summary formula for cellular respiration is


    C6H1206 + 6 02 à 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + Energy

    (a) Where is each of the reactants used in (b) Where is each of the products produced in the overall
    the overall process? process?

    C6H1206 + 6 02 à 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + Energy

    1
    2. In cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose is carried out in a controlled series of reactions. At each step
    or reaction in the sequence, a small amount of the total energy is released. Some of this energy is lost as
    heat. The rest is converted to other forms that can be used by the cell to drive or fuel coupled endergonic
    reactions or to make ATP.

    (a) What is/are the overall (b) What is/are the overall (c) What is/are the overall
    function(s) of glycolysis? function(s) of the citric acid function(s) of oxidative
    cycle? phosphorylation?

    3. Are the compounds


    Pyruvate Oxidation and Oxidative
    listed here used or Glycolysis?
    the Citric Acid Cycle? Phosphorylation?
    produced in:
    Glucose
    O2
    CO2
    H 2O
    ATP
    ADP + Pi
    NADH
    NAD+

    4. The cell's supply of ADP, Pi, and NAD+ is finite (limited). What happens to cellular respiration when all of
    the cell's NAD+ has been converted to NADH?

    5. If the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) does not require oxygen, why does cellular respiration stop after
    glycolysis when no oxygen is present?

    6. Many organisms can withstand periods of oxygen debt (anaerobic conditions). Yeast undergoing oxygen
    debt converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Animals undergoing oxygen debt convert pyruvic
    acid to lactic acid. Pyruvic acid is fairly nontoxic in even high concentrations. Both ethanol and lactic acid
    are toxic in even moderate concentrations. Explain why this conversion occurs in organisms.

    2
    7. How efficient is cellular respiration? How efficient is fermentation? Remember that efficiency is the amount
    of useful energy (as ATP) gained during the process divided by the total amount of energy available in
    glucose. Use 686 kcal as the total energy available in 1 mol of glucose and 8 kcal as the energy available in
    1 mol of ATP.

    Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration Efficiency of Fermentation

    8. Why can't cells store large quantities of ATP? (Hint: Consider both the chemical stability of the molecule
    and the cell's osmotic potential.)

    9. Given that cells can't store ATP for long periods of time, how do they store energy?

    10. If it takes 1,000 g of glucose to grow 10 g of an anaerobic bacterium, how many grams of glucose would it
    take to grow 10 g of that same bacterium if it was respiring aerobically? Estimate your answer. For example,
    if it takes X amount of glucose to grow 10 g of anaerobic bacteria, what factor would you have to multiply
    or divide X by to grow 10 g of the same bacteria aerobically? Explain how you arrived at your answer.

    11. Mitochondria isolated from liver cells can be used to study the rate of electron transport in response to a
    variety of chemicals. The rate of electron transport is measured as the rate of disappearance of 02 from the
    solution using an oxygen-sensitive electrode. How can we justify using the disappearance of oxygen from
    the solution as a measure of electron transport?

    12. Humans oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen. For each mole of glucose oxidized, about 686 kcal of
    energy is released. This is true whether the mole of glucose is oxidized in human cells or burned in the air.
    A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; 686 kcal =
    686,000 cal. The average human requires about 2,000 kcal of energy per day, which is equivalent to about 3
    mol of glucose per day. Given this, why don't humans spontaneously combust?

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