8g Materials and Their Properties

8G Materials and their properties
Q1.(a) Sasha placed small samples of four different metals on a spotting tile.
She added drops of calcium nitrate solution to each metal.
Sasha repeated the experiment with:
• fresh samples of the four metals and copper nitrate solution
• fresh samples of the four metals and iron nitrate solution.
Will a reaction take place when each of the metals is added to each of the solutions?
Use the reactivity series below to help you.
most reactive calcium

magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
least reactive copper
In the table below:
• place a tick, , to show that a reaction took place
• place a cross, X, to show that no reaction took place.
Two have been done for you.
metal
salt solution
copper iron magnesium zinc
calcium nitrate
copper nitrate X
iron nitrate X
[3]
(b) Three pairs of chemicals are listed below. A reaction only takes place with two of the pairs.
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Draw a line from each reaction to the correct result.
Draw only three lines.
[2]
Q2. A group of pupils placed pieces of metal wire in different salt solutions. They recorded their observations
in the table below.
(a) From these observations, write the order of reactivity of the four metals, copper, lead, silver and
zinc.
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most reactive ................................................
................................................
................................................
least reactive ................................................ [2]
(b) The pupils then dipped a new piece of each of the metal wires into dilute hydrochloric acid.
Only one of the metals reacted. Which metal was this?
..................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) One pupil predicted that there would be no reaction when he put a piece of zinc wire into a solution
of silver nitrate.
Was his prediction correct? Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) In nature, gold is never found combined with other elements.
Where should gold be placed in the reactivity series in part (a)?

Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... [1]
Q3. Aisha placed small samples off four different metals on a spotting tile. She added drops of copper sulphate
solution to each metal.
Aisha repeated the experiment with fresh samples of the four metals and solutions of different salts. She
recorded some of her results in a table.
shows that a reaction took place
X shows that no reaction took place.
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(a) The four metals have different reactivities.
(i) Use the information in the table to put the four metals in a reactivity series.
most reactive metal ....................................
....................................
....................................
least reactive metal ..................................... [1]
(ii) Use the reactivity series to complete the table by writing in or X in the three empty boxes
[2]
(b) Copper reacts with silver nitrate solution.
(i) Complete the word equation for the reaction:
copper + silver ........................... + ...........................

nitrate
[2]
(ii) Platinum does not react with silver nitrate.

Put the metals platinum, copper and silver in the correct order according to their reactivity.
most reactive .....................................
.....................................
least reactive ..................................... [1]
(c) In many houses the hot water pipes are made from copper and the boiler is made from iron.
Which of these metals will corrode first? Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................................
[1]
Q4. Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown below.
most reactive potassium
sodium
magnesium
aluminium
iron
lead
(a) Dan added a piece of magnesium to a solution of copper sulphate.

A displacement reaction took place.
The word equation for the reaction is shown below.
magnesium + copper sulphate → magnesium sulphate + copper
Why is this called a displacement reaction?
......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Look at each pair of chemicals in the table below.
Use the reactivity series to predict whether a displacement reaction would take
place.
Write yes or no in the second column and give the reason for your decision.
Does a displacement
pairs of chemicals reaction take place? reason
yes or no
iron + sodium chloride
magnesium + lead nitrate
[2]
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(c) Dan wanted to find out where zinc should be placed in the reactivity series.
(i) What tests should Dan do to find the correct position of zinc in the reactivity
series?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) How would Dan use his test results to decide where to put zinc in the
reactivity series?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
Q5.The drawing shows a gold mask from a tomb in Egypt. The gold is still shiny after thousands of years.
(a) What is pure gold? Tick the correct box.
a compound a mixture
an element a solution [1]
(b) The list shows some of the properties of gold.
It conducts electricity. It melts at 1064°C. It is yellow.
It is easily scratched. It stays shiny. It conducts heat.
(i) Which one of these properties shows that gold does not react with oxygen in the air?
............................................................................................................. [1]
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(ii) Which two of the properties above are properties of all metals?
1. .........................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Old iron objects from tombs in Britain are often covered with rust.
Iron reacts with oxygen when it rusts.
What else is needed for iron to go rusty? Choose one substance from the list below.
lead nitrogen carbon dioxide water
................................................................... [1]
(d) A box contains a collection of metal objects from a tomb.
What piece of equipment would you use to separate the iron objects from the other metal objects?
............................................................... [1]
Q6. The table gives information about the colours of four metals.
metal colour of metal
copper brown
iron dark grey
magnesium silver
zinc light grey
A reactivity series of the metals is:
most reactive magnesium

zinc
iron
Use this information to help you answer the questions below.
(a) A piece of zinc was placed in a solution of copper sulphate.
(i) Complete the following word equation.
zinc + copper sulphate → ............................. + ................................... [1]
(ii) Complete the statement about the appearance of this piece of zinc.
The light grey colour would change to ................................................ [1]
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(b) Excess magnesium powder was put into a test tube containing a blue solution of copper
sulphate and stirred. The solution soon turned colourless. A powder settled on the bottom of
the test tube.
(i) Write a word equation for the reaction.
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) The powder was filtered off. Two different coloured solids could be seen. Give the two
colours.
1. .........................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................... [2]
(c) (i) A piece of iron was placed in a solution of magnesium sulphate.

What reaction, if any, would occur?
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer.
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
Q7. Four shiny iron nails are put in small sealed plastic boxes. The labels show what else is in the boxes.
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(a) (i) In which two boxes will the iron not rust or corrode?
.............................. and .............................. [2]
(ii) In which box will the iron corrode the most?
......................................... [1]
(b) Many parts of bicycles are made from iron or steel. These parts can rust easily, even indoors. Give
two ways to stop these parts rusting.
1. .................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................. [2]
Q8. Rebecca tested four metals to see which would react with solutions of different metal nitrates. The table shows
her results.
If the metal reacted she put a tick ( ). If nothing happened she put a cross (X).
magnesium copper nitrate iron (III) nitrate zink nitrate

metal
nitrate solution solution solution solution
magnesium X
copper X X X X
iron X X X
zink X X
(a) Rebecca did not know the reactivities of the four metals but, before doing any experiments, she
knew where to put four crosses in the table.
Put a circle around each of these four crosses. [1]
(b) Use the information in the table to write down the reactivity series for the four metals.
most reactive ..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
Least reactive .............................................................................................. [1]
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(c) None of the metals shown in the table reacts with a solution of magnesium nitrate.
(i) Give the name of a metal which will react with a solution of magnesium nitrate.
............................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Give the name of a metal nitrate solution, apart from magnesium nitrate, which will not react
with magnesium.
............................................................................................................. [1]
Q9. An experiment was set up to investigate rusting. Some clean, shiny, iron nails were sealed in a glass bottle
containing some tap water. The sealed bottle was then placed on a top-pan balance. The reading on the balance was
549.8 g.
The sealed bottle was left for one week. After one week the nails were rusty.
(a) (i) What would you expect the reading on the balance to be after one week?
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(b) (i) Rust is an oxide of iron. Another oxide of iron is iron(III) oxide.
Write a word equation for the formation of iron(III) oxide from its elements.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Which one of the following words describes the formation of iron(III) oxide from
its elements?
combustion condensation decomposition oxidation
..................................................................... [1]
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Q10. The table shows the observations made when four metals are added to cold water and to dilute hydrochloric
acid.
(a) Write the names of these four metals in the order of their reactivity.
most reactive ..................................................
..................................................
least reactive .................................................
.................................................. [1]
(b) (i) Give the name of another metal, not in the table, which reacts in a similar way to
potassium.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) What gas is formed when zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
............................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) The experiment with potassium and dilute hydrochloric acid should not be done in
school laboratories. Suggest why it is dangerous.
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
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(c) A scientist set up two test-tubes as shown below.
In test-tube B the zinc strip was slowly covered with a grey deposit.
Nothing happened in the other test-tube.
(i) What was the grey deposit in test-tube B?
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Why was this grey deposit formed in test-tube B?
............................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Explain why no reaction took place in test-tube A.
............................................................................................................. [1]
Q11. (a) The diagram below shows part of the periodic table of elements.
The shaded area contains only metal elements. Two other areas also contain only metal elements.
Which areas contain only metal elements? Tick the two correct boxes.
A B C D E [1]
(b) Copper is a metal. At room temperature copper is a strong solid. Give two other properties of
copper that show it is a metal.
1. .................................................................................................................... [1]
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2. .................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) When copper metal is heated it reacts with a gas in air.
What is the chemical name of the product formed when copper reacts with a gas in air?
...................................................... [1]
(d) Which statement below describes what happens in a chemical change but not in a physical change?
Tick the correct box.
The product is a solid.
The change only happens at a high temperature.
The atoms have combined in a different way to

make a new substance.
The types of atoms at the start are the same as in

the end product.
[1]
Q12. The table contains information about five metals, A, B, C, D and E.
Metal how it reacts with cold water how it reacts with hot water
A no reaction extremely slowly
B no reaction no reaction
C hardly at all slowly
D slowly quickly
E quickly very violently
(a) Use the information in the table to arrange the metals in order of reactivity.
most reactive .............................
.............................
.............................
least reactive ............................ [1]
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(b) (i) Which metal in the table could be copper?
.............................................. [1]
(ii) Which metal in the table could be sodium?
.............................................. [1]
(iii) Which metal in the table could be iron?
.............................................. [1]
Q13. An alloy is a mixture of elements. The table shows the mass of each element present in 100 g of five different
alloys, bronze, solder, steel, stainless steel and brass.
mass of each element in 100 g of alloy

alloy Lead (g) Tin (g) Copper (g) Zinc (g) Carbon (g) Iron (g) Chromium (g) Nickel (g)
bronze 4 95 1
solder 62 38
steel 1 99
stainless steel 70 20 10
brass 67 33
(a) Which alloy in the table above contains an element which is a non-metal?
............................................................. [1]
(b) Which two alloys in the table contain only two metals?
........................................................ and ......................................................... [1]
(c) Another alloy called nichrome contains only the elements chromium and nickel.
100 g of nichrome contains 20 g of chromium.
How much nickel does it contain? ……… g [1]
(d) Before 1992, two-pence coins were made of bronze. Steel rusts but bronze does not rust.
(i) Why does bronze not rust? Use information in the table above to help you.
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Rusting requires water and a gas from the air. Give the name of this gas.
............................................................. [1]
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Q14. Leanne had four rods, each made from a different metal. She wanted to find out which metal was the best
conductor of heat. The diagram shows some of Leanne’s equipment.
(a) Leanne’s results are shown in the table.
metal rod time for metal ball to drop off (seconds)
brass 36
copper 24
lead 246
iron 132
What measuring equipment did Leanne use to get her results?
...................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Give two things Leanne must do to carry out a fair test.
1 ...................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Which metal in the table was the best conductor of heat? Tick the correct box.
brass copper
iron lead
[1]
(d) Leanne left the rods in the water for a week. One of the metal rods went rusty.
Which metal rod went rusty? Tick the correct box.
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brass copper
iron lead
[1]
Q15. (a) The table below shows the melting points of four metals.
metal melting point, in °C

gold 1064
mercury –37
sodium 98
iron 1540
(i) Which metal in the table has the highest melting point?
............................................................ [1]
(ii) Which metal in the table has the lowest melting point?
............................................................ [1]
(b) Gold can be a gas or a liquid or a solid. Choose from these words to fill the gaps below.
When gold is heated from room temperature to 1070°C, the gold changes from a ................................. to
a ................................... . [1]
(c) 5 g of gold is melted and all of it is poured into a mould to make a pendant as shown below.
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What is the mass of the gold pendant? ........................... g [1]
(d) The table below shows how the four metals react with oxygen when heated in air.
metal reaction when heated in air

gold no change
slowly forms a
mercury
red powder
bursts into flames
sodium
straight away
very slowly turns
iron
black
(i) Which is the most reactive metal in the table?
............................................................ [1]
(ii) Which is the least reactive metal in the table?
............................................................ [1]
Q16. (a) The drawings below show three objects made from copper.
Draw a line from each object to the reason for using copper for that object. Draw only three lines.
Page 17 of 30
[3]
(b) Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc. Some keys are made from brass
Why is brass more suitable than copper for a key? Tick the two correct boxes.
Brass does not bend as easily as Brass is a paler colour than

copper. copper.
Brass is not as shiny as

Brass is harder than copper.
copper.
Brass is not such a good conductor Brass is not such a good

of electricity as copper. conductor of heat as copper.
[2]
(c) Zinc melts at 420°C. Copper melts at 1085°C.
A scientist heated a mixture of pieces of zinc and pieces of copper to 600°C in a dish. What would
be in the dish at 600°C?
liquid zinc and liquid copper liquid zinc and solid copper
solid zinc and liquid copper solid zinc and solid copper
[1]
Q17. The table shows some of the chemical reactions of four elements.
(a) Elements B, C and D are all metals. Write the letters down in order of the reactivity of the metals
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starting with the most reactive.
most reactive .............................. .............................. .............................. [1]
(b) (i) Name one gas, present in the air, with which all four elements will react.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Name the gas which is produced when element D reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(c) What evidence is there to show that element A is the only non-metal?
......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Give the name of an element which could be element B.
...................................................................................................................... [1]
Q18. Two pupils heated some copper carbonate in a crucible. They recorded the mass of the crucible and contents
before and after heating.
(a) The word equation for this reaction is:
copper carbonate → copper oxide + carbon dioxide
(i) What mass of carbon dioxide is given off in this reaction? Give the unit.
............................................................................................................. [1]
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(ii) What is the name of this type of chemical reaction? Tick the correct box.
combustion
oxidation
reduction
thermal decomposition [1]
(b) The pupils then heated some magnesium in another crucible. They worked carefully and did not lose
any of the magnesium oxide which formed.
They recorded the mass of the crucible and contents before and after heating.
(i) Write a word equation for the reaction.
............................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Why does the mass of the contents of the crucible increase in this reaction?
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) What is this type of chemical reaction called?
............................................................................................................. [1]
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Q19. (a) Ruth put a piece of a different metal in each of four test tubes. She poured 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid
onto each metal.
Look at the diagrams above.
(i) How do these show if a metal reacts with the acid?
............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) On the lines below, put the four metals in the order of how strongly they
react with the acid.
most reactive ..................................
..................................
..................................
least reactive .................................. [1]
(b) Choose the name of a metal from the box below to answer each question.
(i) Which metal from the box is used for electrical wires?
................................................... [1]
(ii) Which metal from the box goes rusty?
................................................... [1]
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Mark schemes
Q1.(a)
Calcium nitrate X X X X
Copper nitrate
Iron nitrate X
award one mark for each correct row 3
(b)
if all three answers are correct, award two marks

if one or two answers are correct, award one mark
if more than one line is drawn from a pair of reactants, award no credit for
that pair` 2
Q2. (a) zinc
lead
copper
silver
award two marks if all four metals are in the correct order
award one mark for zinc at the top and silver at the bottom of the list
award one mark for lead and copper in the correct order 2
(b) zinc 1
(c) no because zinc is more reactive than silver or zinc is above silver in the reactivity series
accept the converse
both the answer and the reason are required for the mark 1
(d) below silver or at the bottom because gold is the least reactive or gold does not react
both the answer and the reason are required for the mark 1
Q3.(a) (i) magnesium
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zinc
iron
copper
all four metals must be in the correct order for the mark 1
(ii)
award one mark for each correct column 2
(b) (i) copper nitrate + silver

the products may be in either order 2
(ii) copper
silver
platinum 1
(c) iron because it is more reactive

both the metal and the reason are required for the mark
accept ‘iron because copper does not react’ 1
Q4. (a) • magnesium displaces copper from the copper sulphate

accept ‘magnesium has taken the sulphate’
• copper is replaced by magnesium

accept ‘copper and magnesium change places’ 1
(b)
Does a displacement
pairs of
reaction take place? reason
chemicals
Yes or no
iron + sodium iron is below sodium (in the reactivity series) or sodium
no
chloride is above iron (in the reactivity series)
magnesium + magnesium is above lead (in the reactivity series) or

yes
lead nitrate lead is below magnesium (in the reactivity series)
accept ‘iron is less reactive’ or the converse

accept ‘magnesium is more reactive’ or the converse
both the answer and the correct reason are required for each mark 2
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(c) (i) any one from
• add zinc to a solution of a salt of each of the other metals

accept ‘add zinc to copper chloride and if it reacts add
it to a solution of a salt of the next metal up and so on’
• add each of the other metals to a solution of a zinc salt

accept ‘add the other metals to zinc chloride’
accept any named zinc salt 1
(ii) any one from
• place zinc between the metal in the salt which does react
and the metal in the salt which does not react
accept ‘whatever zinc displaced should be below zinc’
• place zinc between the metal which does react and the
metal which does not react
accept ‘put zinc below all the metals that react’
parts (c)(i) and(c)(ii) should be marked together
do not accept ‘test the other metals with zinc to
see if they react’ 1
Q5. (a) an element

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1
(b) (i) it stays shiny 1
(ii) it conducts electricity 1
it conducts heat
answers may be in either order
accept ‘it conducts’ for one mark if neither
of the fully correct answers is given
accept ‘it stays shiny’ 1
(c) water 1
(d) any one from
• a magnet
• an electromagnet 1
Q6. (a) (i) zinc sulphate + copper

do not accept ‘sulphide’ or ‘sulphur’ 1
(ii) brown
accept ‘brownish’ or ‘browny grey’ 1
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(b) (i) magnesium + copper sulphate → magnesium sulphate + copper
all must be correct 1
(ii) silver grey

accept ‘grey’ or ‘silver’
do not accept ‘white’ or ‘light grey’ 1
(iii) brown accept ‘copper’ 1
(c) (i) no reaction or nothing or none 1
(ii) answers should refer to both magnesium and iron
any one from
• magnesium is more reactive that iron

accept ‘magnesium is above iron’
• iron is less reactive than magnesium

accept ‘iron is below magnesium’ 1
Q7(a) (i) A and D 2
(ii) C
answers may be in either order 1
(b) any two from
• paint them accept ‘varnish it’
• grease them accept ‘WD40’
• oil them accept ‘plate them’ or ‘chrome them’
• galvanise them or ‘coat them with zinc or tin’
• coat them with plastic accept ‘cover them in plastic’

do not accept ‘keep them dry’ or ‘keep air away’/ ‘make them from stainless steel’ or any idea of replacement
2
Q8. (a) circles around the four crosses which run diagonally from top left to bottom right
all four crosses must be circled for the mark 1
(b) magnesium or Mg
zinc or Zn
iron or Fe
copper or Cu 1
answers must be in the correct order
all four elements are required for the mark
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(c) (i) any one from
• potassium
• sodium
• lithium
• calcium
accept any group I or group II metal
except beryllium and magnesium
do not accept ‘aluminium’ 1
(ii) any one from
• potassium nitrate accept ‘potassium’
• sodium nitrate accept ‘sodium’
• lithium nitrate accept ‘lithium’
• calcium nitrate accept ‘calcium’/ ‘aluminium nitrate’/‘aluminium’

1
Q9. (a) (i) 549.8 g accept ‘the same’ or ‘no change’ 1
(ii) mass does not change in a reaction

accept ‘because it is sealed’
or ‘new material is not made or lost’
do not accept ‘mass does not change’ 1
(b) (i) iron + oxygen → iron(III) oxide

the whole word equation is required for the mark
accept ‘iron oxide’ for iron(III) oxide reactants
may be in either order
do not accept ‘air’ for oxygen 1
(ii) oxidation 1
Q10. (a) • potassium
• zinc
• nickel
• platinum 1
all four metals in the correct order are required for the mark
(b) (i) sodium accept ‘caesium’ 1
(ii) hydrogen 1
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(iii) any one from
• the reaction is too violent accept ‘it explodes’ or ‘acid goes everywhere’
• potassium is too reactive 1
(c) (i) platinum 1
(ii) answers must refer to the reactivity of both metals
any one from
• zinc displaces platinum from solution
• zinc is higher than platinum in the reactivity series

accept ‘zinc is more reactive than platinum’
• platinum is lower than zinc in the reactivity series

accept ‘platinum is less reactive than zinc’ 1
(iii) any one from
• zinc is less reactive than potassium
• potassium is more reactive than zinc

accept ‘zinc does not displace potassium from
potassium chloride or the solution’ 1
Q11. (a) • B
C
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark 1
(b) any two from
• it conducts electricity
• it conducts heat
one mark may be awarded for ‘it is a good
conductor’ if a reference to heat
or electricity is not given
• it is ductile or malleable
‘it bends’ is insufficient
• it has a high melting or boiling point

accept ‘it is shiny’
accept ‘it is sonorous’
accept ‘it forms basic oxides’
‘it is strong or hard’ is insufficient 2
(c) copper oxide
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accept ‘CuO’
do not accept ‘copper dioxide’ 1
(d) The atoms have combined in a different way to make a new substance.
Q12. (a) E
D
C
A
B
all five in the correct order are required for the mark 1
(b) (i) B 1
E 1
C or A 1
Q13.(a) steel
do not accept ‘stainless steel’
do not accept ‘carbon’ 1
(b) • brass
• solder
both answers are required for the mark 1
(c) 80 accept ‘100 – 20’ 1
(d) (i) it does not contain iron

accept ‘it does not contain steel’/ ‘only iron rusts’ or ‘only steel rusts’
accept ‘it is made of tin, copper and zinc’ 1
(ii) oxygen accept ‘O2’ 1
Q14. (a) • stopwatch

accept ‘stopclock’/ ‘timer’
accept ‘clock with a second hand’
‘clock’ is insufficient 1
(b) any two from
• same length of rods

accept for one mark ‘the rods are the same
‘same temperature or volume or container or rod’ is insufficient
• same thickness of rods

size’ if not given with either ‘same length’ or ‘same thickness’
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• same sized balls or same metal balls
• same amount of wax
• same type of wax
• the ends of all rods (in the water) are at the same temperature
accept ‘same length (of rod) in water’
• she put the water in after sticking the balls on 2
(c) • copper
(d) • iron
Q15. (a) (i) iron

do not accept ‘1540°C’ 1
(ii) mercury
do not accept ‘–37°C’ 1
(b) solid to a liquid

both answers are required for the mark 1
(c) 5 1
(d) (i) sodium 1
(ii) gold 1
Q16. (a)
if more than one line is drawn from an object,

award no mark for that object 3
(b) • Brass does not bend as easily as copper.
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if more than two boxes are ticked,
deduct one mark for each incorrect tick 1
• Brass is harder than copper 1
(c) • liquid zinc and solid copper if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
Q17 N/A
Q18. (a) (i) 0.44 g the unit is required for the mark 1
(ii) thermal decomposition

(b) (i) magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide

accept ‘2Mg + O2 → 2MgO’ 1
(ii) magnesium or the contents have gained oxygen

accept ‘gained oxygen’/ ‘the oxygen has mass’
do not accept ‘it had gained gas’ or ‘an oxide is formed’
or ‘magnesium reacted with the oxygen’ 1
(iii) any one from
• oxidation accept ‘oxidisation’ or ‘redox’
• combustion accept ‘burning’ 1
Q19(a) (i) any one from
• bubbles
• fizzing accept ‘effervescence’
• gas is given off

‘metal goes into solution or turns into a salt’
and ‘there would be a rise in temperature’
are insufficient answers as they are not shown in the drawings 1
(ii) • magnesium accept ‘Mg’
• zinc accept ‘Zn’
• iron accept ‘Fe’
• copper accept ‘Cu’

all four answers are required for the mark 1
(b) (i) • copper accept ‘Cu’ 1
(ii) • iron accept ‘Fe’ 1
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8g Materials and Their Properties

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8G Materials and their properties

Sasha repeated the experiment with:

• fresh samples of the four metals and copper nitrate solution

• fresh samples of the four metals and iron nitrate solution.

most reactive calcium

In the table below:

• place a tick, , to show that a reaction took place

• place a cross, X, to show that no reaction took place.

Two have been done for you.

least reactive ................................................ [2]

Only one of the metals reacted. Which metal was this?

Was his prediction correct? Explain your answer.

(d) In nature, gold is never found combined with other elements.

Where should gold be placed in the reactivity series in part (a)?

shows that a reaction took place

X shows that no reaction took place.

(a) The four metals have different reactivities.

most reactive metal ....................................

least reactive metal ..................................... [1]

(b) Copper reacts with silver nitrate solution.

(i) Complete the word equation for the reaction:

copper + silver ........................... + ...........................

(ii) Platinum does not react with silver nitrate.

most reactive .....................................

least reactive ..................................... [1]

most reactive potassium

least reactive copper

(a) Dan added a piece of magnesium to a solution of copper sulphate.

The word equation for the reaction is shown below.

magnesium + copper sulphate → magnesium sulphate + copper

Why is this called a displacement reaction?

(b) Look at each pair of chemicals in the table below.

iron + sodium chloride

magnesium + lead nitrate

(a) What is pure gold? Tick the correct box.

an element a solution [1]

(b) The list shows some of the properties of gold.

It conducts electricity. It melts at 1064°C. It is yellow.

It is easily scratched. It stays shiny. It conducts heat.

lead nitrogen carbon dioxide water

(d) A box contains a collection of metal objects from a tomb.

metal colour of metal

iron dark grey

zinc light grey

A reactivity series of the metals is:

most reactive magnesium

Use this information to help you answer the questions below.

(a) A piece of zinc was placed in a solution of copper sulphate.

(i) Complete the following word equation.

zinc + copper sulphate → ............................. + ................................... [1]

The light grey colour would change to ................................................ [1]

(i) Write a word equation for the reaction.

(c) (i) A piece of iron was placed in a solution of magnesium sulphate.

(ii) Explain your answer.

.............................. and .............................. [2]

(ii) In which box will the iron corrode the most?

magnesium copper nitrate iron (III) nitrate zink nitrate

Put a circle around each of these four crosses. [1]

most reactive ..............................................................................................