Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    LEC 4 Phasor Extraction - Two Sample - Algorithm

    Uploaded by

    Sherif Said
    This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LEC 4 Phasor Extraction - Two Sample - Algorithm

    Uploaded by

    Sherif Said
    22 views28 pages
    This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

    Original Title

    LEC 4 Phasor extraction_two sample_algorithm

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views28 pages

    LEC 4 Phasor Extraction - Two Sample - Algorithm

    Uploaded by

    Sherif Said
    This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Extracting Phasors of AC voltage

    and current Signals


    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Voltage

    100 V
    70 V

    time

    𝜋
    0 2
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Voltage
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    100 V
    70 V

    time

    𝑉1 = 100 𝑉 ∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑
    𝜋
    𝑉2 = 70 𝑉 𝜋
    0 2 ∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑
    2
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Voltage
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    100 V
    70 V

    time

    ∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉1 = 100 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅1 )


    𝜋
    ∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉2 = 70 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅2 )
    2
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Applications

    • Phasor, impedance, calculation- based protection devices


    need to obtaining the fundamental frequency components of
    both measured voltages and currents such as distance relay
    and fault locator.
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Applications

    • Third harmonic- based protection devices need to third


    harmonic component.
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    ∆𝑡 Interval between samples


    𝑦(𝑡) The voltage or current signal 𝑦𝑘 = 𝑦(𝑘 ∆𝑡)
    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y 𝜃=𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡
    The angle between samples
    𝜔𝑜 The fundamental frequency rad/sec
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    Voltage
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    100 V
    70 V

    time

    ∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉1 = 100 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅1 )


    𝜋
    ∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉2 = 70 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅2 )
    2
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅)
    𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) cos(∅) + 𝑌 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) sin(∅)
    𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡)
    𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅)
    𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) cos(∅) + 𝑌 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) sin(∅)
    𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
    𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)


    𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)

    𝑌= 2
    𝑌𝐶 + 𝑌 𝑆 2 −1
    𝑌𝑆
    ∅ = tan
    𝑌
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples 𝑦2


    𝑦1
    𝑦0
    𝑦−1
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦0
    𝑦−1
    𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡)
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(0) = 𝑌𝐶
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦0
    𝑦−1
    𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) 𝜃=✓
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(0) = 𝑌𝐶
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦0
    𝑦−1
    𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜃)
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜃) 𝑦0


    𝑦−1
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) − 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜃) 𝑦0


    𝑦−1
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
    𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0
    𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑦−1
    𝑌𝑆 =
    𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)
    Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

    𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

    𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) − 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜃) 𝑦0


    𝑦−1
    𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
    𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0 𝑌= 𝑌𝐶 2 + 𝑌 𝑆 2
    𝑦0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑦−1 𝑌
    −1 𝑆
    𝑌𝑆 = ∅ = tan
    𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) 𝑌𝐶
    Two Sample algorithm
    Example
    Compute the phasor of the following samples using the two sample
    algorithm.
    These samples are for 50 Hz signal sampled at 800 Hz.
    Example
    Compute the phasor of the following samples using the two sample
    algorithm.
    These samples are for 50 Hz signal sampled at 800 Hz.

    Solution ∆𝑡 =
    1
    = 1.25 ∗ 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    800
    1 𝜋
    𝜃 = 𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡 = 2𝜋 ∗ 50 ∗ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑
    800 8
    180
    sin 𝜃 = sin = 0.3826
    8
    180
    cos 𝜃 = cos = 0.9238
    8
    𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0 =71.4

    𝑦0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑦−1 71.4∗0.9238−45


    𝑌𝑆 = = =54.78
    𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) 0.3826
    𝑌𝐶 =71.4 𝑌= 𝑌𝐶 2 + 𝑌𝑆 2 = 71.42 + 54.782 = 90

    𝑌𝑆 = 54.78 −1 𝑌𝑆 −1 54.78
    ∅= tan = tan = 37.49°
    𝑌𝐶 71.4
    Try another two samples

    𝑦−1 𝑦0

    You might also like