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    1 Introduction 학생용

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    khalil alhatab
    1) The document provides an introduction to precision machine design, covering topics like the level of precision required, the history of precision equipment development, and the precision engineering tree. 2) It defines concepts like accuracy, repeatability, resolution, and discusses current precision levels for machines like wafer steppers and diamond turning machines. 3) Guidelines for precision machine design philosophy are presented, including designing for mechanical goodness first before adding sensors and control, using modular elements, and avoiding Abbe errors by proper sensor placement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 Introduction 학생용

    Uploaded by

    khalil alhatab
    30 views16 pages
    1) The document provides an introduction to precision machine design, covering topics like the level of precision required, the history of precision equipment development, and the precision engineering tree. 2) It defines concepts like accuracy, repeatability, resolution, and discusses current precision levels for machines like wafer steppers and diamond turning machines. 3) Guidelines for precision machine design philosophy are presented, including designing for mechanical goodness first before adding sensors and control, using modular elements, and avoiding Abbe errors by proper sensor placement.

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    1) The document provides an introduction to precision machine design, covering topics like the level of precision required, the history of precision equipment development, and the precision engineering tree. 2) It defines concepts like accuracy, repeatability, resolution, and discusses current precision levels for machines like wafer steppers and diamond turning machines. 3) Guidelines for precision machine design philosophy are presented, including designing for mechanical goodness first before adding sensors and control, using modular elements, and avoiding Abbe errors by proper sensor placement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views16 pages

    1 Introduction 학생용

    Uploaded by

    khalil alhatab
    1) The document provides an introduction to precision machine design, covering topics like the level of precision required, the history of precision equipment development, and the precision engineering tree. 2) It defines concepts like accuracy, repeatability, resolution, and discusses current precision levels for machines like wafer steppers and diamond turning machines. 3) Guidelines for precision machine design philosophy are presented, including designing for mechanical goodness first before adding sensors and control, using modular elements, and avoiding Abbe errors by proper sensor placement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Precision Machine Design

    Lecture 1 : Introduction

    Jung-Yup
    Jung Yup Kim, Ph. D

    School of Mechanical Design & Automation Engineering,


    Seoul National University of Technology

    References : 1. Dae Gab Gweon, Precision Machine Design, KAIST


    2. Alexander H. Slocum, Precision Machine Design, MIT
    1. Objects of Precision Size Level

    2
    2. Development History of Precision Equipments

    가공정도의 변천
    3
    2. Development History of Precision Equipments

    4
    2. Development History of Precision Equipments

    • 부품에 고정밀도를 부여하는 대표적인 이유 :

    기계의 효율을 높이고 수명을 연장할 수 있다.

    ™ 고정밀도
    정밀 가공을 하면 단가가 높아진다는 것은 잘못된 사고방식
    사 방식
    5
    3. Precision Engineering Tree

    Precision Engineering

    Precision Machining
    g Process Precision Metrology
    gy Precision Machine Design
    g

    Motion Transmission
    Control Sensor Design Structure Design
    Design

    Material Selection Guide Mechanism Design Actuator Design

    6
    4. Configuration of Positioning Mechanism

    xdesired Position Actuation Transmission System


    Controller System
    Guide
    Mechanism

    θ actual

    xactual
    Sensor
    System

    ™ The key to precision machine design is predicting what the errors (difficulty)
    ™ The key to precision machine design is predicting what the errors (difficulty)
    will be and then designing the system to minimize cost.
    will
    ill be
    b and
    d then
    th designing
    d i i the
    th system
    t to
    t minimize
    i i i cost.t
    7
    5. Definition of Precision

    1) Accuracy is the ability to tell the truth :


    - How well a machine can move to an arbitrary point in space
    - compensable value
    2) Repeatability(precision) is the ability to tell the same story over and over
    again :
    - How well a machine can return to the same point.
    - Repeatability is often considered to be the most important parameter of a
    computer
    p controlled machine(or( sensor).)
    - Minimize static friction and thermal variants to get better repeatability.
    - not compensable value → measure for precision

    8
    3) Resolution is how detailed your story is:
    - The smallest increment with which a machine can be positioned.
    - Resolution gives a lower bound on the repeatability.
    - Minimize static friction to get better resolution.

    ™ Remember mechanical accuracy is costly,


    whereas repetability is not expensive.

    9
    6. Current Level of System Precision

    Range Repeatability

    Wafer Stepper

    Diamond Turning
    M/C
    Grating Ruling
    Engine

    STM, AFM

    10
    7. Basic Precision Machine Design Philosophy

    1) Design should be made as mechanically good as is reasonably possible.


    2) Increases in performance are then obtained via measurement,
    measurement mapping
    mapping,
    and servo control.
    3) Make the design hospitable to measurement:
    - Make room for sensors
    - Design in alignment surfaces
    - Minimize Abbe errors
    4) Use modular elements whenever possible:
    - Create a “platform concept” that is upgradeable merely by substituting
    components
    p
    5) Choose bearings, actuators, sensors, and controllers as interdependent
    components
    6) Design the machine as if you had to use it.
    11
    8. Abbe Errors (1)

    “ If errors in parallax are to be avoided, the measuring system must be placed


    coaxially with the axis along which displacement is to be measured on the
    workpiece” Dr. Ernst Abbe

    Error : δ = ϑ ⋅ d

    12
    8. Abbe Errors (2)

    Ex.) 선반공구대는 아베의 원리에 맞지 않음.

    13
    8. Abbe Errors (3)

    • Perhaps
    p the ggreatest design
    g sin is amplifying
    p y g an angular
    g error by
    y
    a lever arm. This is also known as an Abbe error.

    Bearing in-line Bearing displaced

    14
    8. Abbe Errors (4)

    • Examples of ball screw mechanism

    15
    9. Design Process

    1. Carefully budgets time and resources.


    2. Defines functional requirements (FR) to be accomplished.
    3. Defines the resources available (materials, parts that can be used).
    4
    4. Creates solutions ranging from a “safe”
    safe solution to a neat,
    neat wild WOW
    solution.
    5. Evaluates the physics and feasibility of solutions that can be created
    within the context of the allowable time and budget.
    6. Updates the schedule and budget.
    7. Embodiment and Details: Makes the design g happen
    pp in a timely,
    y, orderly,
    y,
    well-documented manner.
    8. Implements the design (competes) and then reflects on what went right
    andd wrong.

    16

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