Student’s Name: Sewar

Al Najdawi
MYP Year (3) A
Date: 1 / 22 /
2023
Criterion B: 8/8
Science Department
Unit 1: Does Matter, Matter? Criterion C: 8/8
Summative Assessment Criteria B&C
Investigating Rate of Reaction

Instructions to candidate:

 Read the task and the task specific clarification clearly.

 You must hand in your work on a separate word document, with a cover page
 You must hand in a rough draft of your bibliography of each resource. Remember to cite your sources using
MLA format.
 You must sign the academic honesty form. Work will be assessed with the online plagiarism check at
www.turnitin.com.
 Follow the instructions and the points in this document, to guide you with writing.
 If you have a problem, please raise your hand, and ask your teacher.
 After each lesson upload your work on manage bac, using the following naming format for your documents.
BIA-Y3-chemistry-Unit 1-Criterion B&C
 No work will be considered after the lesson finishes.
 Using the internet is allowed.
 Calculators are allowed.

Structure of the Exam

Number of pages Number of parts

13 2

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 1

 Criterion B: Inquiring and Designing
level Level Descriptor Task Specific Rubrics (TSR)

1-2 The student is able to You were able to

I. state a problem or question to be tested by a I. state a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation, with
scientific investigation, with limited success limited success when you try to give a prediction of an outcome for the
II. state a testable hypothesis experiment and suggest reasons to be tested.
III. state the variables II. state a testable hypothesis when you try to explain how metals react with
IV. design a method, with limited success. acids.
III. state the variables when you try to fill the table of controlled variables, how
and why it is controlled.
IV. design a method, with limited success when you try to describe why you
choose the material for your experiment.
3-4 The student is able to: You were able to:

I. state a problem or question to be tested by a I. state a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation when
scientific investigation you give a prediction of an outcome for the experiment and suggest reasons
II. outline a testable hypothesis using scientific to be tested.
reasoning II. outline a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning when you explain
III. outline how to manipulate the variables, and how metals react with acids
state how relevant data will be collected III. outline how to manipulate the variables, and state how relevant data will
IV. design a safe method in which he or she be collected when you fill the table of controlled variables, how and why it
selects materials and equipment. is controlled.
IV. design a safe method in which you select materials and equipment when
you describe why you choose the material for your experiment.
5-6 The student is able to: You were able to:

I. outline a problem or question to be tested by I. outline a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation when
a scientific investigation you give a prediction of an outcome for the experiment and suggest reasons
II. outline and explain a testable hypothesis to be tested.
using scientific reasoning II. outline and explain a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning when
III. outline how to manipulate the variables, and you explain how metals react with acids.
outline how sufficient, relevant data will be III. outline how to manipulate the variables, and outline how sufficient,
collected relevant data will be collected when you fill the table of controlled
IV. design a complete and safe method in which variables, how and why it is controlled.
he or she selects appropriate materials and IV. design a complete and safe method in which you select appropriate
equipment. materials and equipment when you describe why you choose the material
for your experiment.
The student is able to: You were able to:

I. describe a problem or question to be tested I. describe a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
by a scientific investigation when you give a prediction of an outcome for the experiment and suggest
II. outline and explain a testable hypothesis reasons to be tested.
using correct scientific reasoning II. outline and explain a testable hypothesis using correct scientific reasoning
III. describe how to manipulate the variables, and when you explain how metals react with acids.
describe how sufficient, relevant data will be III. describe how to manipulate the variables, and describe how sufficient,
collected relevant data will be collected when you fill the table of controlled
IV. design a logical, complete and safe method in variables, how and why it is controlled.
which he or she selects appropriate materials IV. design a logical, complete and safe method in which you select appropriate
7-8 and equipment. materials and equipment when you describe why you choose the material
for your experiment.

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 2

 Criterion C: Processing and Evaluating
level Level Descriptor Task Specific Rubrics (TSR)

1-2 The student is able to: You were able to:

I. collect and present data in numerical I. collect and present data in numerical and/or visual forms when you present the
and/or visual forms data that was collected in the lab.
II. accurately interpret data I. accurately interpret data when you try to answer “how do different metals react
III. state the validity of a hypothesis with with hydrochloric acid?”
limited reference to a scientific II. state the validity of a hypothesis with limited reference to a scientific investigation
investigation when you try to discuss the reactivity of different metals with hydrochloric acid.
IV. state the validity of the method with III. state the validity of the method with limited reference to a scientific investigation
limited reference to a scientific when you try to discuss the steps that secured your results.
investigation IV. state limited improvements or extensions to the method when you try to suggest
V. state limited improvements or extensions improvement to the method used.
to the method.
3-4 The student is able to: You were able to:

I. correctly collect and present data in II. correctly collect and present data in numerical and/or visual forms when you
numerical and/or visual forms present the data that was collected in the lab
II. accurately interpret data and describe III. accurately interpret data and describe results when you answer “how do different
results metals react with hydrochloric acid?”
III. state the validity of a hypothesis based on IV. state the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
the outcome of a scientific investigation when you discuss how different metals react with hydrochloric acid.
IV. state the validity of the method based on V. state the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
the outcome of a scientific investigation when you discuss the steps that secured your results.
V. state improvements or extensions to the VI. state improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the scientific
method that would benefit the scientific investigation when you suggest improvement to the method used.
investigation.
5-6 The student is able to: You were able to:

I. correctly collect, organize and present I. correctly collect, organize and present data in numerical and/or visual forms when
data in numerical and/or visual forms you present the data that was collected in the lab.
II. accurately interpret data and describe VII. accurately interpret data and describe results using scientific reasoning when you
results using scientific reasoning answer “how do different metals react with hydrochloric acid?”
III. outline the validity of a hypothesis based VIII. outline the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific
on the outcome of a scientific investigation when you discuss how different metals react with hydrochloric acid.
investigation II. outline the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific
IV. outline the validity of the method based investigation when you discuss the steps that secured your results.
on the outcome of a scientific III. outline improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the
investigation scientific investigation when you suggest improvement to the method used.
V. outline improvements or extensions to
the method that would benefit the
scientific investigation.
The student is able to: You were able to:

I. correctly collect, organize, transform and I. correctly collect, organize, transform and present data in numerical and/ or visual
present data in numerical and/ or visual forms when you present the data that was collected in the lab.
forms II. accurately interpret data and describe results using correct scientific reasoning
II. accurately interpret data and describe when you answer “how do different metals react with hydrochloric acid?”
results using correct scientific reasoning III. discuss the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific
III. discuss the validity of a hypothesis based investigation when you discuss how different metals react with hydrochloric acid.
on the outcome of a scientific IV. discuss the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific
investigation investigation when you discuss the steps that secured your results.
IV. discuss the validity of the method based V. describe improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the
7-8 on the outcome of a scientific scientific investigation when you suggest improvement to the method used.
investigation
V. describe improvements or extensions to
the method that would benefit the
scientific investigation.

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 3

 Investigating the Reaction of Calcium Carbonate with Hydrochloric Acid

Introduction
When acids react with carbonates, such as calcium carbonate (found in chalk, limestone and marble), a
salt, water and carbon dioxide are produced.

metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

The carbon dioxide causes bubbling during the reaction, which is observed as fizzing. It can be detected by
passing the gas through limewater, which will go cloudy.

Also, the reaction of metal carbonates with acids is exothermic (ie heat energy is given out/produced).

The speed of a reaction-usually called the rate of reaction-tells us how rapidly the products are formed from the
reactants. Rate of reaction is calculated by dividing change in the amount of reactant or product by time.

Task:

To investigate the effect of changing the mass (g) of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) (0.5g, 1g, 1.5g) on the average rate
of reaction cm3/sec when calcium carbonate reacts with 15 ml (ml is cm cubed they are the same) 0.5M of
hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 24°C. The rate of reaction will be measured by recording the volume (cm 3) of CO2
released from the reaction every 5 seconds (for 60 seconds total) using a digital stopwatch (±0.01s) and a gas
syringe (±0.5 cm3) setup.

carbonate

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 4

Criterion B: Inquiring and Designing

Bi-Describe a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation.

(Describe: Give a detailed account or picture of a situation, event, pattern or process)

Research question:
Your research question should be phrased “What is the effect of ___ on___”?
Should include the following:
1-3 to 5 Independent variables with unit
2-Dependent variable
3- State the Method of measurement of the dependent variable

Research question:

What is the effect of varying the mass of CaCO3 (in increments changing 0.5g from
masses ranging from 0.5g to 1.5g) on the rate of reaction with 15 ml of 0.5M HCl at
24°C, as measured by the volume of CO2 produced in cm^3 every 5 seconds for 1
minute using a digital stopwatch, and released into a gas syringe, while controlling the
controlled variables?

Bii- Outline and explain a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning.

(Outline: give a brief account or summary)(Explain: give a detailed account)

Thoroughly explains the prediction using relevant, detailed, credible scientific content (with footnote citations in MLA format)

Hypothesis:
Properly stated “If (Independent variable with increments and unit) then (Dependent variable with
Measurement tool / observation and unit) because: (simple) Scientific Explanation that supports the hypothesis. (This must
be based on research).
Your research must include theoretical data provided by real scientists’ experiments.
This part of the lab report will require you to write a bibliography and do in-text citation.

Hypothesis:
If the mass of CaCO3 is increased (in increments of 0.5g) when reacting with 15 cm3 of 1M HCl at 24°C, then the rate
of reaction, measured by the volume of CO2 produced every 5 seconds for 1 minute using a digital stopwatch and gas
syringe, will increase. This is because an increase in the mass of CaCO3 will result in a higher concentration of
reactants, leading to more frequent collisions between particles, increasing the rate of reaction.

Aim/Scientific background:
British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 5
Includes relevant background information that:

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 6

1-places the investigation in appropriate scientific context

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 7

Aim: 3-
ToIncludes
designfootnote citations in MLA formatSummarizes (Simple description) the method to be used for data collection.
an investigation that will test the effect of the mass of calcium carbonate on the rate of reactions,
Citation:
and we will measure different masses of calcium carbonate and we will record data 3 times or 3 trials for each of
these 3 masses. We will measure the rate of reaction by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide produced each 5
seconds for 1Byju’s.
minute.Identify the Products Formed on Reaction of Calcium Carbonate With Hydrochloric Acid-. 4

The aim of this experiment is to determine

July 2022, how variations in the mass of calcium carbonate would affect the amount of carbon
byjus.com/question-answer/identify-the-products-formed-on-reaction-of-calcium-
dioxide produced within the time frame of one minute. By measuring the amount of carbon dioxide produced, the changes in
carbonate-with-hydrochloric-acid-carbon-dioxidecalcium-hydroxidecalcium/#.
the rate of reaction could also be measured and determined. By the end of the minute, the more carbon dioxide was produced,
the faster the rate of reaction.
---. Write the Balanced Chemical Equation for the Following- Calcium Bicarbonate Reacts With
Scientific background:
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid-. 4 July 2022, byjus.com/question-answer/write-the-balanced-
1. Reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloride acid.
2. How does increasingchemical-equation-for-the-following-calcium-bicarbonate-reacts-with-dilute-hydrochloric-
the mass of calcium carbonate affect the volume f CO2 gas produced?
Limiting factors in a reaction.
The reaction between calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a chemical reaction, that produces the products calcium
acid/#.
chloride (CaCl₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). We will measure the rate of reaction by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide gas
produced each“Carbonate
5 seconds for Chemistry.”
1 minute using Science
the gas syringe setup.Hub,
Learning The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl + CO2 +
www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/469-carbonate-
H2O.
chemistry#:~:text=Like%20all%20metal%20carbonates%2C%20calcium,is%20placed%20on
First, we need to know what ions, ionization, and lattice energy are. Ions are a group of atoms or an atom that is either positively charged or
%20its%20surface.
negatively charged. Ionization is the process where atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons and turn into positive or negative ions. Lattice
energy is the measure of the strength of the ionic bonds in a compound.
“Ions.” Mount Sinai Health System, www.mountsinai.org/health-library/special-topic/ions#.
The products in this reaction are formed because this idea is based on collision theory, which states that particles must collide with enough
Libretexts.
energy and in the “11.9:
right direction for aDouble
chemicalReplacement Reactions.”
reaction to happen. When theChemistry LibreTexts,
lattice energy 21 Sept.
comes to CaCO3, calcium ions and carbonate ions
form a strong ionic connection or bond. There are more particles in this reaction as CaCO3 mass increases, which raises the concentration of
reactants in the reaction2022, chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(C
mixture, this causes the rate of reaction to increase based on the scientific explanation mentioned about ionization
and the collision theory.
K-12)/11%3A_Chemical_Reactions/11.09%3A_Double_Replacement_Reactions.
Furthermore, the acid type that was used in this reaction is 0.5M HCl which is a powerful acid; where strong acids give out a large
“NIC.” NIC, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174013/#:~:text=When%20hydrochloric
concentration of hydrogen ions when they fully ionize the solution. Because there is a greater possibility of a collision between the Hydrogen
(HCL) ions and the carbonate ions in CaCO3, the high concentration of hydrogen (in HCL) ions further increases the chances of successful
%20acid%20comes%20into,alongside%20the%20formation%20of%20byproducts.Accessed
collisions thus increasing the rate of reaction. Since the acid's concentration directly influences the rate of reaction, it is crucial, that the
concentration of the acid 19stays
Nov. 2023. The mass and type of carbonate are equally important. The mass of the carbonate affects the
controlled.
number of particles available for the reaction. All of this idea is related to the displacement reactions and how positive or negative ions displace
Prep,
less reactive ions fromByju’s Exam. “Balance
their compound thea Equation:
thus creating CaCO3
salt, water, and carbon+ dioxide.
HCl →When CaCl2 + H2O
products + CO2.”
collide BYJU’S
successfully Exam
together and one of
them is less reactive then displacement reaction happens, and other products are created based on these 2 compounds.
Prep, 25 Sept. 2023, byjusexamprep.com/defence/balance-the-equation-caco3-hcl-cacl2-h2o-
This type of reaction has double displacements happening in it when it reacts, were the chlorine in the HCL displaces the carbon and the
co2#:~:text=The%20balanced%20equation%20of%20CaCO3,)%20%2B%20CO2(g).
oxygen from the CaCO3 creating calcium chloride as salt and 1 of the products, and then the calcium and the oxygen come out as 1 of the
products, so the oxygen
Study was more
Mind. like split intoof
“ᐉ Reactions halves
Acidsfrom the calcium
With Metals:carbonate and half ofand
Redox Reaction it was in the CO2
More!” andMind,
Study half of 13
it was displaced
Feb.
with the hydrogen in the HCL, thus creating water which is H2O.
2023, studymind.co.uk/notes/reactions-of-acids-with-metals/#.
When the mass/ amount/ volume of one of the reactant increases the rate of reaction will increase because when the volume of the reactants
increases, thereThe Editors
would be moreof particles
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
for the other reactant to“Ionization | Definition,
react with, thus Examples,
creating more and
amounts of the products which when
measured increases the rate of reaction. The rate of reaction is the amount of product formed divided by the time it took the reaction to start
Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 July 1998, www.britannica.com/science/ionization.
and then end. For example, in on of the trials in 10 seconds 48 cm cubed of CO2 gas was produced and then the time was constant so, we
divide 48 by 10Toppr.
and the “Substitute
rate of reaction will equalNames
Formulae to 4.8 cm3/
Adsecond.
Balance the Following equations-Calcium Carbonate Reacts
The limiting factor in thisWith
reaction is the calciumAcid
Hydrochloric carbonate becauseCalcium
to Produce as the reaction process
Chloride the calcium
-water carbonate
and Carbon mass in all 3 different
Dioxide
masses is used up and their would still be their HCL, and this is a limiting factor because it decreases the amount
Gas-.” Toppr Ask, 5 Sept. 2022, www.toppr.com/ask/question/substitute-formulae-for-names-
When acids react with carbonates, such as calcium carbonate (found in chalk, limestone and marble), a salt, water and carbon dioxide are
produced. ad-balance-the-following-equationscalcium-carbonate-reacts-with-hydrochloric-acid-to/#.
metalBritish International
carbonate Academy
+ acid → salt + water +2023-2024
carbon dioxide Page 8
 “What Is Double Displacement Reactions?” Study, study.com/academy/lesson/double-displacement-

reaction-definition-examples.html. Accessed 19 Nov. 2023.

What Will Be Observed When Calcium Carbonate Reacts With Dilute Hydrochloric

Acid? www.quora.com/What-will-be-observed-when-calcium-carbonate-reacts-with-dilute-

hydrochloric-acid. Accessed 19 Nov. 2023.

Biii- Describe how to manipulate the variables, and describe how data will be collected.
(Describe: Give a detailed account or picture of a situation, event, pattern or process)
All variables are specific, relevant to the investigation.

Variables and fair test:

Independent variable: “What you are changing”

(X-axis) - Units - Instrument used.
Dependent variable: “What you are measuring”
(Y-axis) - Units - How it was measured – Instruments used.

Independent variable:
We are changing the mass of the calcium carbonate, in the first experiment which is 0.5 grams of CaCO3
and in the second experiment the mass is 1 gram, and in the third experiment it is going to be 1.5 grams, so
in each experiment we are adding 0.5 grams and begging with 0.5 grams. We are going to measure the
mass using A digital balance and we are putting the CaCO3 in the weighing boat, but we have to remove the
weight of the weighing boat and then precisely measure the mass of the reactant for this experiment.
Dependent variable:
We are measuring the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in the experiment every 5 seconds for 1 minute so we
can measure the rate of reaction for the experiment with different masses of calcium carbonate. We are measuring
the volume of CO2 gas produced using a gas syringe setup (CO2 is measured by cm cubed).

Controlled variables, how to manipulate them and why do they need to be kept constant?

Controlled variables:

“What you keep constant”: all possible variables that would affect the data collected must be controlled
And reported in the table of controlled variables (there is no minimum or maximum number of controlled variables).
- Clearly stated with specific values &units (1st column)
- How it was controlled (2nd column)
- Instruments used to control and measure these variables
- Explain how and why you need to control each variable you included in the controlled variables list (3rd column)
- You have to formulate a table to explain how and why you need to control each variable you included in the controlled
variables list.

Control variable How Should it be controlled Why it should be controlled

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 9

Temperature of the HCL (24 C) By using a thermometer (± Temperature influences reaction rates.
0.5°C) to maintain the Consistency in temperature prevents
temperature of the variations in reaction rates due to
environment and the HCL’s temperature changes. The increase of
temperature. temperature increases the rate of
reaction and vice versa, thus keeping
the temperature of the experiment
constant is really important and it is
crucial to keep the experiment fair and
balanced.

Concentration of HCL Acid (15 By using graduated cylinder The concentration of the hydrochloric
cm^3 0.5M of HCL) and measure using it 15 cm3 of acid affects the reaction rate. Keeping
1M HCL. Use a standardized 1M it constant ensures consistent
HCl solution. conditions for all trials. The increase of
the concentration of the acid gives
more particles of the acid itself which
makes the other reactant react more
vigorously with a higher concentration
of the hydrochloric acid.

Type of solution (acid) Use hydrochloric acid (HCl) Different acids may have varying
throughout the experiments reactivity. Using the same type of acid
only. ensures a consistent reaction medium.
And some acids at the same
concentration can still be stronger or
weaker than other types of acids.

Volume of HCL (15 cm^3) Use a fixed volume of 15 cm³ of Changes in the volume of the reactants
1M HCl for each trial by using a can impact the rate of reaction.
20 cm^3 measuring cylinder Keeping it constant ensures uniform
(±0.5 cm³) conditions. We need to keep the
volume of the HCL constant because
when we increase the volume of the
HCL then their would be more particles
for the calcium carbonate to react with,
thus increasing the volume increases
the rate of reaction, and vice versa, and
this helps keep the experiment
balanced and constant with only 1
independent variable.

Method of Measurement Use a digital stopwatch (±0.01 The method of measuring the volume
min.) and a gas syringe (100 of CO2 should be consistent to have
cm³). reliable data. The setup used to
measure the carbon dioxide gas
produced should be constant and

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 10

 controlled because some meat holds of
measurements are more precise that
other measurements, for example the
gas syringe is more reliable because the
setup is simple, but the water
displacement method is less reliable
because it has many components and
materials which make it less reliable, so
keeping the method of measurement
constant is crucial and is really effective
for fair results. We should measure the
time using a digital stopwatch because
it is really precise and much more
accurate than human counting, since
we need to measure the amount of
CO2 every 5 seconds and these 5
seconds should be based on the
stopwatch timer.

Surface Area of the calcium Use the same type and size of The surface area of the reactant
carbonate. calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (CaCO3) can affect the rate of reaction.
particles for each trial, in our Using the same type and size of calcium
case it will a very huge surface carbonate particles for each trial
area since it is a powder. ensures that variations in surface area
does not affect the results. The surface
area effects the rate of reaction, when
there is more surface area of the
reactant used the rate of reaction will
increase because the reaction will
happen very fat, but when there is very
little surface area the rate of reaction
will decrease, so keeping the surface
area constant is very crucial because it
will effect our aim in this experiment.

Biv-Design a logical, complete and safe method in which he/she selects appropriate materials and
equipment.

Method

The method includes the following aspects:

1-A list of the materials, a labeled diagram for the experimental setup,
2- The procedure of the experiment.
3-Safety and precautions

1-Materials/Equipment:

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 11

- Materials listed with specific amounts (number of items, sizes)
- Chemicals listed with specific amounts (concentrations, mass, volume)
- Use units Equipment.
- DO NOT EXPLAIN WHY EACH TOOL IS NEEDED, THIS IS A LIST.
Note : the previous points should be stated in a labeled diagram

Setup/reagents required Quantity/concentrations

CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) 0.5g,1g, 1.5g, 2g, 2.5g (for each

concentration we need 5
grams)

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 1M, 375 cm3 (5 trials for each

increment)

Gas syringe We need one (100 cm3)

Digital Stopwatch 1

Thermometer 1

Digital balance 1

Graduated cylinder 3

Lab coat One for each person

Gloves A pair for each person

Goggles 1 For each person

Weighing Boat 5

Conical Flask 3

Spatula 5

Stand 1

Clasp 1

Dropper 1

Rubber tube 1

Stop Watch 1

2-Procedure/ method:

1-Numbered steps of the procedure.

2- Must be written in a third person dialogue, each step must start with a command verb.(measure, weigh, pour,add……)

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 12

3-Must include precise details on how the Independent Variable will be changed.
4-Must include precise details on how the Dependent Variable will be measured including the name of the measurement tool
and unit.
5- Must include all Controlled Variables, include “HOW” each controlled variable will be kept constant, as the method will clarify
how the different tools were used to perform a certain step. Steps must be logical.
6-The steps must start with the first action made in the lab and should end with steps that ask to repeat steps for trials and for

Procedure:

1- Weight the mass of powder calcium carbonate using the digital balance (we measure 0.5 g, 1 g, and
1.5 gram)
2- Measure 15 ml of 0.5 hydrochloric acid using a graduated cylinder.
3- Place the powder calcium chloride measured in the conical flask.
4- Add the hydrochloric acid to the conical flask and seal it directly with the rubber stopper.
5- Record the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced every 5 seconds for 60 seconds by marking using
an erasable marker on the syringe for each 5 seconds until 1 minute.
6- Repeat twice for each mass of calcium carbonate.

all increments. In addition to a step that ensures that data are recorded in tables.

3-Safety/ Method:

This ensures that the method is safe and doesn’t cause harm to any human or any animal:
1-Part of it is general as it has to do with instructions of safety related to work in the lab, such as wearing lab coat, gloves and
goggles. This is part of all methods regardless of how simple or complex the procedure is.
2-The other part has to do with specific considerations related to each investigations, like the use of
Sharp objects, heat, delicate tools, in this case specific considerations must be mentioned before or after the method.

Safety considerations:

- Wear a lab coat, gloves, and goggles throughout the experiment to protect against HCL
splashes and spills.
- Caution with HCL: Handle hydrochloric acid (HCL) with care. It is corrosive, and direct contact
can cause skin and eye irritation. In case of accidental contact, rinse the affected area with
copious amounts of water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
- Gas Syringe Handling: Exercise care when handling the gas syringe. Avoid sudden movements
that could lead to breakage.
- First Aid Kit: Seek immediate medical attention for any injuries, no matter how minor they
may seem.
- Always consult with laboratory supervisors and follow safety guidelines.
- Handle the glass equipments in the lab carefully since they might break or shatter when hit or
when they fall.
- Always take a small safety distance away from the experiment until you put the stopper, then
you can come close as much as you can. And when we use
- This method of doing the experiment won't hurt any human or animal if it was disposed in a
correct and
British International environmentally
Academy 2023-2024 friendly way. As for humans it won't affect them if they do13not
Page
get burned or irritated the human skin.
Criterion C: Processing and Evaluating

After the experiment is conducted, data must be collected, processed, evaluated and discussed. An
evaluation of the hypothesis and the method should be made and improvements and extensions must
be discussed.

Ci- correctly collect, organize, transform and present data in numerical and/ or visual forms.
(Organize: Put ideas and information into a proper or systematic order.) (Present: Offer for display, observation, examination or
consideration.)
Data collection and processing

Tabulating and graphing data:

1-Must only include the raw data that will be collected.

2-Must have a number and a detailed title: Title must include both the independent and dependent variables.
3-Must have labeled headings clearly showing the independent and dependent variable and their units.
4-Only include the units of measurement in the title and the heading but not in other cells of the table.
Quantitative data:

Data collection: (write the table’s title& find out the average)

Table 1: Raw data table TITLE

Table 1: volume cm3 of CO2 gas produced from the reaction of 0.5 g of CaCO3 with a 15 cm3 of 1M of
HCL acid at 24 °C for 1 min (60sec.) measured each 5 (sec.) intervals

Trials 0sec. 5 sec. 10 sec. 15 sec. 20 sec. 25 sec. 60 sec.

1 0 cm3 13 cm3 25 cm3 40 cm3 47 cm3 55 cm3 60 cm3
2 0 cm3 12.4 26 cm3 43 cm3 48 cm3 54 cm3 59 cm3
cm3
3 0 cm3 13.2 25 cm3 42 cm3 47 cm3 55 cm3 61 cm3
cm3
4 0 cm3 12.6 26.1 cm3 43 cm3 46.9 cm3 55 cm3 60.2 cm3
cm3
5 0 cm3 13 cm3 26.2 cm3 44 cm3 46.8 cm3 55 cm3 60.2 cm3
Average 0 cm 12.84 25.66 42.4 cm 47.14 cm 54.8 cm 60.08 cm
cubed cm cm cubed cubed cubed cubed
cubed cubed

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 14

Table 2: volume cm3 of CO2 gas produced from the reaction of 1 g of CaCO3 with a 15 cm3 of 1M of HCL acid
at 24 °C for 1 min (60sec.) measured each 5 (sec.) intervals

Trials 0sec. 5 sec. 10 sec. 15 sec. 20 sec. 25 sec. 60 sec.

1 0 cm3 23 cm3 35 cm3 40 cm3 57 cm3 60 cm3 70 cm3
2 0 cm3 22.6 36 cm3 43 cm3 58 cm3 61 cm3 69 cm3
cm3
3 0 cm3 23.2 37 cm3 42 cm3 57 cm3 59 cm3 70 cm3
cm3
4 0 cm3 22.5 36.2 cm3 40 cm3 56.7 cm3 60 cm3 69.2 cm3
cm3
5 0 cm3 23.0 36.8 cm3 41 cm3 57 cm3 59.5 cm3 69.1 cm3
cm3
Average 0 cm 22.86 36.2 cm 41.2 cm 57.14 cm 59.9 cm 69.46 cm
cubed cm cubed cubed cubed cubed cubed
cubed

Table 3: volume cm3 of CO2 gas produced from the reaction of 1.5 g of CaCO3 with a 15 cm3 of 1M of HCL
acid at 24 °C for 1 min (60sec.) measured each 5 (sec.) intervals

Trials 0sec. 5 sec. 10 sec. 15 sec. 20 sec. 25 sec. 60 sec.

1 0 cm3 30 cm3 55 cm3 67 cm3 70 cm3 75 cm3 80 cm3
2 0 cm3 32.1 56 cm3 65 cm3 69cm3 77 cm3 82 cm3
cm3
3 0 cm3 31.8 57 cm3 68 cm3 71 cm3 76 cm3 80 cm3
cm3
4 0 cm3 32 cm3 55.8 cm3 67 cm3 71 cm3 77 cm3 81 cm3
5 0 cm3 32.2 55.9 cm3 68 cm3 69.7 cm3 75.9 cm3 82 cm3
cm3
Average 0 cm 31.62 55.94 67 cm 70.14 cm 76.18 cm 81 cm
cubed cm cm cubed cubed cubed cubed
cubed cubed

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 15

 Qualitative data:

For 0.5g CaCO3 we observed some light fizzing. The reaction was completed after 10 seconds. When the fizzing
stopped, the volume of CO2 did not increase anymore. There were bubbles foaming in the fizzing, and that indicates
a gas being formed which is CO2.

For 1g CaCO3 we observed some fizzing not vigorous, not light it was normal. The reaction ended in almost 7 to 8
seconds so between 0.5 and 1.5. When the fizzing ended the volume of CO2 gas became constant and the reaction
ended.

For 1.5 CaCO3 we observed vigorous fizzing. The reaction was completed after 5 seconds. When the fizzing stopped,
the volume of CO2 did not increase anymore.

Before the reaction, the hydrochloric acid was clear. After adding the CaCO3, the solution turned cloudy. And the hcl
became a bit white because of the formation of new products like water, a salt, and gas which is carbon dioxide
which causes the hcl solution to turn cloudy. The carbon dioxide causes bubbling during the reaction, which is
observed as fizzing. It can be detected by passing the gas through limewater, which will go cloudy.

Data presentation: Draw your graph on the grid below.

(Draw: Represent by means of a labelled (includes unites, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge)
should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate)
and joined in a straight line or smooth curve)

Graph:

1-Include a graph that best represents data.

2-Draw the graph using excel.
3-Must have a number and a detailed title with unit.
4-Axes must be labeled: X-axis: IV with units (average values are plotted), Y-axis: DV with unit.

Graph:

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 16

Cii- Accurately interpret data and describe results using correct scientific reasoning.
(Interpret: Use knowledge and understanding to recognize trends and draw conclusions from given information.)
(Describe: Give a detailed account or picture of a situation, event, pattern or process)

Data interpretation:
Write a conclusion that is clear and precise.
State whether the results support or do not support your hypothesis.
Discuss the following points:
1- Processed data table:
All results must be included in the discussion and compared to one another (Value increased/ decreased from-to) and
explained using a scientific explanation similar to the one included in the hypothesis.
2- The graph:
-Use scientific descriptors “strong/weak relationship” to describe the relationship between the IV and the DV.

Interpret the graph:

From the data, it's evident that there is a positive correlation between the mass of CaCO3 and the concentration of
CO2 changes over the time intervals during the reaction with 1M HCl at 24°C. The concentration of CO2 generally
increases as the mass of CaCO3 increases, supporting the hypothesis that a higher mass of CaCO3 would result in a
higher rate of reaction, where the investigation aimed to explore the impact of varying CaCO3 mass (0.5g, 1g, 1.5g) on
the rate of reaction when reacting with 15 cm3 of 1M HCl at 24°C, measured by the volume of CO2 every 5 seconds for
1 minute using a gas syringe and digital stopwatch. The graph reveals a clear pattern: as the mass of CaCO3 increases,
the volume of CO2 evolved consistently rises over the 60-second observation period. This aligns with the hypothesis,
suggesting a positive correlation between CaCO3 mass and the rate of reaction. For instance, when the CaCO3 mass is
1g, the CO2 volume starts at 0 cm3 and gradually increases to 69.46 cm3 at 60 seconds.

Examining the graph, it confirms a strong positive correlation and relationship between the independent variable
(CaCO3 mass) and the dependent variable (CO2 volume). The trend line exhibits a steady increase, indicating a direct
relationship between the mass of CaCO3 and the rate of reaction. The gradient of the line signifies the rate of change,
showcasing a consistent increasing trend. This aligns with the collision theory, as a greater mass of CaCO3 results in
more particles available for reaction, leading to a higher concentration of reactants and increased collision frequency.

In the graph, it is evident that as the mass of CaCO3 increases, there is a consistent and proportional increase in the
volume of CO2 released at each time interval. This supports the hypothesis that a greater mass of CaCO3 leads to a
higher rate of reaction, aligning with the principles of collision theory and increased concentration of reactants. For
example, at 60 seconds, the volume of CO2 evolved rises from 69.5 cm3 for 0.5g of CaCO3 to 99.8 cm3

In conclusion, the processed data and graph strongly support the hypothesis that an increase in CaCO3 mass correlates
with a higher rate of reaction with 1M HCl. The positive correlation observed in the graph aligns with the theoretical
expectations, providing robust evidence for the relationship between CaCO3 mass and the rate of reaction in the
specified experimental conditions.

Evaluation of the validity of the hypothesis and the method.

Ciii-Discuss the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcomes of a scientific investigation.

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 17
 (Discuss: Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or
conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.)

Validity is “the degree to which they accomplish the purpose”-Worthen (1993), discuss the following points:
2) The use of one independent variable and one dependent variable
3) Whether the method managed to keep the controlled variables constant
4) Results are quantitative
5) Identify any limitations or weaknesses in the procedure

Validity of the hypothesis:

The hypothesis suggests that an increase in the mass of CaCO3 when reacting with 1M HCl at 24°C will result in
an increased rate of reaction. This is based on collision theory and the concept of lattice energy. As the mass of
CaCO3 increases, more particles become available for reaction, thereby increasing the concentration of
reactants. The choice of 1M HCl as the acid further contributes to the hypothesis's validity. Strong acids release
a large concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) upon full ionization, increasing the likelihood of successful collisions
between H+ ions and carbonate ions in CaCO3. The data presented supports the hypothesis, with a clear trend
observed: as the mass of CaCO3 increases, there is a corresponding increase in the volume of CO2 changes, and
this also increases the rate of reaction of the reaction. This graph and data supports the hypothesis that an
increase in the mass of CaCO3 leads to a higher rate of reaction with 1M HCl at 24°C.

Civ- Discuss the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation. (Discuss: Offer a
considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be
presented clearly and supported by evidence)

Validity of the method:

The method described for investigating the effect of varying CaCO3 mass on the rate of reaction with 1M HCl is a
good example for learning about the reaction of metal carbonate with acid. However, the validity of the method is
controlling the control of certain variables and potential sources of errors. Firstly, the precision of the
measurements is crucial; the use of a digital stopwatch with an accuracy of ±0.01 min and a gas syringe with an
accuracy of ±0.01 cm3 provides a reasonable level of precision. Nevertheless, human reaction time may introduce
errors in recording the volume of CO2 released, particularly during rapid reaction rates. Additionally, the
assumption that the reaction reaches completion within the observed 1-minute timeframe may lead to
underestimation of the total gas produced, as some reactions may continue beyond this period. Furthermore, the
method assumes constant temperature (24°C) throughout the experiment, but environmental factors or
equipment limitations may contribute to fluctuations. It's essential to acknowledge these potential sources of error
and consider how they might impact the reliability and accuracy of the results. Despite these considerations, the
method's overall design seems capable of providing valuable insights into the relationship between CaCO3 mass
and the rate of reaction with HCl.

As for the sources of errors, many errors occurred during the interval of 5 different trials, where in the first trial of
1.5 grams the reaction occurred very slowly and the data was inaccurate because the syringe was always stuck and
sometimes we forgot to blow out all of the gas in the tube leading to the string leading to many sources of errors,
other than that did not keep on mixing the reactants together to increase the reaction and get more accurate
results from he reaction, but still we got inaccurate information like in trial 2 for 1.5 g of CaCO3, the first 5 seconds
it only produced 15 cm cubed of carbon dioxide, and in 10 seconds it produced 17.5 cm cubed of carbon dioxide,
and finally after 15 seconds it stayed constant which was 19 cm cubed of carbon dioxide.
British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 18
So as for the trials we did for the lad the method was inaccurate and incorrect because of Mainz sources of errors,
but as for the information from the graph provided from the teacher, the answers and results were accurate and
Cv- Describe improvements to the method that would benefit the scientific investigation.
(Describe: Give a detailed account or picture of a situation, event, pattern or process.)

Improvements for the investigation:

Improvements (should be something that improves the method to better the data collected)
Improvements must be: realistic, achievable, specific, and detailed.
- Improving how a control variable was kept constant (Proper equipment).
- Increasing the number of trials to improve the reliability of the data.

Improvements:

We can improve the experiment in several ways including:

Observation and Recording: Record the reaction's qualitative data (such as, changes in temperature, and volume of
salt or water production) and other quantitative measurements. Detailed observations may provide a
comprehensive understanding of the reaction leading to a more accurate investigation.

We can also improve the report itself by changing the independent variable to become the concentration of the acid
to learn about how the factor concentration effects the rate of reaction, thus providing more evidence about what
we learned about the factors that effect the rate of reaction by implementing it in real life situations, by doing the
reaction in the lab.

We can improve the way we collect our data by using more accurate measuring tools and lab equipment and using
detailed and comprehensive equipments for reliable and accurate results for the reaction.

We can also improve the reaction and the validity of the hypothesis by adding more increments and more masses to
test, so we can add 2 g and 2.5 grams and another 5 trials for each mass other than the 0.5, 1, and 1.5g of calcium
carbonate. When we add more increments to validate our hypothesis, we make it more reliable and trustable
because we have more data to prove our hypothesis and our claim.

As for the number of the trials, we were planning on only doing 3 trials per mass, but we realized it should be more
accurate, so we added 5 total trials for each mass, then we calculated the average for more reliable and realistic
results and data.

The equipment we are using we are using are lab equipment and they are reliable because they are trustable and
accurate because they are designed for experiments just like the one we are going to make.

British International Academy 2023-2024 Page 19