Final Bio
Final Bio
Final Bio
Select one
d. Golgi ----> rough ER ----> lysosome ----> transport vesicle ----> plasma membrane
Select one
Select one
c. It is activated by the presence of the end product of the metabolic pathway in which the enzyme is involved
Select one
Select one
c. combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water
6 - Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?
Select one:
7 - Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration?
Select one
b. food ----> glycolysis ----> citric acid cycle ----> NADH ----> ATP
c. glucose ----> pyruvate ----> electron transport chain ----> NADH ----> ATP
8 - What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Select one
Select one
Select one
Select one:
b. transmitting chemical signals from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane
12 - Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Select one
c. Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic
Select one
14 - The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
Select one
15 - Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related
function do they have in plants?
Select one
b. They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation
d. They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll
16 - In DNA replication, the resulting daughter molecules contain one strand of the original parental DNA and one new strand.
What is the explanation for this phenomenon?
Select one
Select one
a. It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation b. It is present in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells
c. It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms
Select one
Select one:
20 - Which of the following events accompanies absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction-center complex?
Select one
a. An electron is excited
Select one
a. O2
b. Na+
c. an amino acid
d. sucrose
Select one
23 - Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate?
Select one
a. acetyl CoA
b. citrate
C. ATP
d. water
Select one
a. osmotic potential
b. chemical gradient
c. electrochemical gradient
d. membrane potential
25 - An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through..........
Select one:
a. facilitated diffusion
b. phagocytosis
c. active transport
d. osmosis
Select one
a. hydrolysis
b. DE polymerization
c. dehydration
d. catabolic
Select one:
28 - In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added
and which of the following atoms or molecules of the last nucleotide in the polymer?
Select one
a. C6
c. the 3' OH
Select one
c. mitochondrial matrix
Select one:
c. In the absence of photosynthesis, the leaves produce energy exclusively by aerobic cellular respiration
31 - In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of a molecule of DNA, which of the following combinations of base pairs will be
found ?
Select one
a. A = G and C = T
b. G + C = T+ A
C. A + C = G +T
d. A = C
32 - The relationship between catabolism and anabolism is most similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs
of terms?
Select one:
a. exergonic; endergonic
c. exergonic; spontaneous
Select one:
c. pumps equal quantities of Na+ and K+ across the membrane in opposite directions
Select one:
a. an RNA molecule
d. DNA polymerase
Select one:
c. thylakoid membrane
36 - Which of the following statements is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for a living organism?
Select one:
a. The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity
c. An organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment
Select one
Select one
b. NAD+ only
39 - Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA
replication in eukaryotes?
Select one:
a. Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many
b. The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes
c. Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not
40 - In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate?
Select one
a. in fungi
c. in plants
d. in prokaryotes
41 - P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Given its function, why is this necessary?
Select one:
b. It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem of photosynthesis
c. It obtains electrons from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, so it must have a stronger attraction for electrons than
oxygen has
d. It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system
Select one:
a. ribosomes
b. the nucleoid
c. mitochondria
d. a membrane-enclosed nucleus
43 - Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy-
containing products?
Select one
44 - The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine.
What combination of proteins could repair such damage?
Select one:
Select one:
a. This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths
b. This arrangement enables the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength
c. Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron
transport chain
d. This arrangement enables the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level
46 - Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle? Select one
a. oxidation of NADPH
c. release of oxygen
d. carbon fixation
47 - At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a
replication fork 'C CTAGGCIGCAATCC5 '3 An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the
following represents the primer sequence?
Select one:
'a. 5' G C C U A A G G 3
'b. 5' A C G U U A G G 3
'c. 5' A C G T T A G G 3
'd. 5' G C C T A G G 3
48 - Which of the following types of cells are affected most by telomere shortening?
Select one:
Select one:
a. electron transport
c. glycolysis
Select one:
a. lactate
b. pyruvate
c. Oxygen
d. NADH
51 - In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' ----> 3' direction?
Select one:
b. primase
c. helicase
d. DNA ligase
Select one:
b. occurs in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane
c. frequently flip - flop from one side of the membrane to the other
Select one
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplasts
c. nuclei
d. Lysosomes
Select one
55 - What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
Select one
c. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel
Select one
a. Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells
into the pathogenic form
b. Mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain
nonpathogenic c. Mice infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria can spread the infection to other mice
d. Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains
57 - Who performed classic experiments that supported the semiconservative model of DNA replication?
Select one
58 - During aerobic respiration, which of the following molecules directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at
the lowest energy level?
Select one
a. FADH2
b. water
C. ATP
d. NADH
Select one
b. respiration only
d. photosynthesis only
60 - Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
Select one
a. Each chemical reaction in an organism must increase the total entropy of the universe
b. If the entropy of a system decreases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe
c. If the entropy of a system increases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe
d. If there is an increase in the energy of a system, there must be a corresponding decrease in the energy of the rest of the
universe
61 - Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?
Select one
a. ligase
b. primase
d. DNA polymerase
Select one
b. elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain
c. reattaching the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in the double helix
d. relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork caused by the untwisting of the double helix
63 - The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is
Select one
a. pyruvate
b. NAD+
C. water
d. oxygen
64 - The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with Select one
a. light energy
Select one
a. 18 - 24
b. 2
c. 30 - 32
d. 4
66 - Which of the following processes occurs during the Calvin cycle? Select one
a. release of oxygen
b. production of ATP
d. reduction of NADPH
67 - A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in :
Select one
a. Golgi vesicles
b. vacuoles
C. secretory vesicles
d. lysosomes
68 - Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the
nucleotides in this sample will be thymine ?
Select one
a. 16%
b. 58%
C. 8%
d. 42%
69 - Use the following information to answer the question below
Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules
Select one:
Which temperature and pH profile curves on the graphs are most likely associated with an enzyme isolated from a human
stomach where :conditions are strongly acid?
Select one:
a. curves 2 and 4
b. curves 1 and 5
c. curves 1 and 4
d. curves 3 and 4
71 - Use the following information to answer the question below
The figure illustrates the energy states associated with the reaction A + B <--> C+ D.
Which of the following represents the activation energy required for the non-enzyme-catalyzed
Select one:
a. d
b. a
c. c
d. b
72 - Use the following figure to answer the question
Select one
a. 730 nm
b. 575 nm
C. 420 nm
d. 625 nm
.
73 - Use the figure to answer the following question
Referring to the figure, what bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds?
Select one
a. 3' G, T, C, G, T, C, T 5'
c. 5', A, G, C, A, G, A 3'
d. 3' T, C, T, G, C, T, G 5'
.
74 - Use the figure to answer the following question
In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy"
(radioactive) nitrogen (13N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N (non- radioactive).
Which of the results in the figure would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N?
Select one:
a. b
b. a
c. c
d. d
.
75 -
Select one
b. Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP, phosphate, and the energy released by ATP hydrolysis
.
76 - Use the following information to answer the question below
Which curves on the graphs may represent the temperature and pH profiles of an enzyme taken
from a bacterium that lives in a mildly alkaline hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
Select one
a. curves 2 and 5
b. curves 3 and 4
c. curves 1 and 5
d. curves 3 and 5
77 - Use the following information to answer the question below
The figure illustrates the energy states associated with the reaction A + B <---> C+ D.
Which of the following terms best describes the forward reaction in the figure?
Select one
a. endergonic, ∆G > 0
b. exergonic, ∆G < 0
c. endergonic, ∆G < 0
d. exergonic, ∆G > 0
.
78 - component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description
Select one
a. B
b. C
C. A
d. D
.
79 - component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description
Which component in the accompanying figure plays a critical role in cell-cell recognition?
Select one
a. E
b. A
C. B
d. C
.
80 - component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description
Which component in the accompanying figure is a protein fiber of the extracellular matrix?
Select one
a. B
b. C
C. E
d. A