IPv4 Addressing

IPv4 Addressing
Prepared by: Liqaa Omer

What is IP Address?
• Internet Protocol (IP)address: is an identifying number that is associated with a specific
computer or computer network. When connected to the internet, the IP address allows
the computers to send and receive information.
What is IP Address?
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers that are typically displayed in dotted decimal
notation. A 32-bit address contains two primary parts: the network prefix and the
host number.
What is IP Address?
• 11010000 01100010 11000000 10101010 = 208.98.192.170
• 01110110 00001111 11110000 01010101 = 118.15.240.85
• 00110011 11001100 00111100 00111011 = 51.204.60.59
IP Address Classes
Class A
• 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
• Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks
Class B
• 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254
• Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks
Class C
• 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254
• Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks
IP Address Classes
Subnet Mask
A subnet mask is a number that defines a range of IP addresses available
within a network. A single subnet mask limits the number of valid IPs
for a specific network
Gateway
A gateway IP refers to a device on a network which sends local network
traffic to other networks. The subnet mask number helps to define the
relationship between the host and the rest of the network
Private IP Addresses
• 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses)
• 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
• 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses)

Public IP Addresses
Subnet mask and prefix
192.168.1.0 / 24
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
255 . 255 . 255 . 0

1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 0000 0000
172.16.0.0 / 16
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
1111 1111. 1111 1111. 0000 0000. 0000 0000
10.0.0.0 / 8
10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
255 . 0 . 0 . 0
1111 1111. 0000 0000. 0000 0000. 0000 0000
Classful Subnetting
Class C subnetting
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.0.0/24

Class B subnetting
172.18.0.0/16 172.17.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/16

Class A subnetting
12.0.0.0/8 11.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8

Classless (CIDR)
• In classful addressing method millions of class A address are wasted.
• Many of the class B address are wasted.
• Class C is so small that it cannot cater the needs of organizations.
• Classful networking was replaced by Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR) in 1993.
Required networks and hosts
Required hosts: 1000 Required networks: 25 Required hosts: 150

Magic Table
Magic Table
Classless Subnetting
• Can we change the subnet mask?
• Can we modify networks ?
• Can we divide a class C IP address into two networks?
• How about 192.168.1.0/25 ?

Class C Subnetting
192.168.1.0 / 25
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.128
192.168.1.128 255.255.255.128
255 . 255 . 255 . 128

• How many networks?
1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1000 0000
• How many IP address?
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0 / 17
172.16.0.0 255.255.128.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0
255 . 255 . 128 . 0

1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1000 0000. 0000 0000
Class A Subnetting
10.0.0.0 / 12
10.0.0.0 255.240.0.0
10.15.0.0 255.240.0.0
255 . 240 . 0 . 0
1111 1111. 1111 0000. 0000 0000. 0000 0000
IP Address Details
• Network ID: is first IP address in the network and it cannot be used.
• Broadcast: is the last IP address in the network and cannot be used.
• Don’t forget to eliminate 2 IP addresses when subnet an IP range.
• First usable IP addresses and last usable IP address.

Example
192.168.20.166/25:
256-128=128
Network 1: 192.168.20.0 – 192.168.20.127

Network 2: 192.168.20.128 – 192.168.20.255
• Network ID: 192.168.20.128

• Broadcast ID: 192.168.20.255
• First Host ID: 192.168.20.129
• Last Host ID: 192.168.20.254
Example
192.168.30.14/29 256-128=128
Network 1: 192.168.30.0 – 192.168.30.7

Network 2: 192.168.30.8 – 192.168.30.15
Network 3: 192.168.30.16 – 192.168.30.23
Network 4: 192.168.30.24 – 192.168.30.31
Network 5: 192.168.30.32 – 192.168.30.39
• Network ID: 192.168.30.8 .
.
• Broadcast ID: 192.168.30.15 .
• First Host ID: 192.168.30.9 Network 32: 192.168.30.248 - 192.168.30.255
• Last Host ID: 192.168.30.14

FLSM
256-192=64
• Fixed Length Subnet Mask
• Divide class C IP address into 4 networks:
192.168.1.0/26 255.255.255.192
Network 1: 192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.63
Network 2: 192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
Network 3: 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
Network 4: 192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255
VLSM
256-224=32
Variable Length Subnet Mask
Divide class C IP address into multiple networks:
192.168.1.0/25 255.255.255.128
192.168.1.128/26 255.255.255.192
192.168.1.192/27 255.255.255.224 Network 1: 192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.224/28 255.255.255.240 Network 2: 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
Network 3: 192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.223
Network 4: 192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239
Network 5: 192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
Network 6: 192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
Network 7: 192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255
More Examples
• What is the resident subnet for IP Address : 192.168.44.97/30 ?
• How many subnets and hosts per subnet can you get from network
192.168.193.0 255.255.255.248?
• What is the first valid host on the subnetwork that the node 172.31.212.25/26?
• PC1 has an IP Address of 43.109.23.12/8 find the following :
• Maximum number of hosts in the network.
• Network broadcast address.
• First Usable address of the network.
• Last Usable address of the network.

IPv4 Addressing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IPv4 Addressing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IPv4 Addressing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IPv4 Addressing

Prepared by: Liqaa Omer

• 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses)

• 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)

• 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses)

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.0.0/24

172.18.0.0/16 172.17.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/16

12.0.0.0/8 11.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8

Required hosts: 1000 Required networks: 25 Required hosts: 150

• Can we change the subnet mask?

• Can we modify networks ?

• Can we divide a class C IP address into two networks?

• How about 192.168.1.0/25 ?

255 . 255 . 255 . 128

255 . 255 . 128 . 0

• Network ID: is first IP address in the network and it cannot be used.

• Broadcast: is the last IP address in the network and cannot be used.

• Don’t forget to eliminate 2 IP addresses when subnet an IP range.

• First usable IP addresses and last usable IP address.

Network 1: 192.168.20.0 – 192.168.20.127

• Network ID: 192.168.20.128

Network 1: 192.168.30.0 – 192.168.30.7

• Last Host ID: 192.168.30.14

You might also like