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    Todd Lammle - Subnetting-Sybex (2017)-13

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    Todd Lammle - Subnetting-Sybex (2017)-13

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    Todd Lammle - Subnetting-Sybex (2017)-13

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    saearifhasan

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    14 Easy Subnetting

    To answer the last two questions, first just write out the subnets, then write out the
    broadcast addresses—the number right before the next subnet. Last, fill in the host
    addresses. The following table gives you all the subnets for the 255.255.255.224 Class C
    subnet mask:

    The subnet address 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224


    The first valid host 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225
    The last valid host 30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254
    The broadcast address 31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255

    In practice example #3C, we’re using a 255.255.255.224 (/27) network, which pro-
    vides eight subnets as shown previously. We can take these subnets and implement them as
    shown in Figure 5 using any of the subnets available.

    Figure 5 Implementing a Class C /27 logical network

    .129
    192.168.10.128 .98 .161 192.168.10.160

    192.168.10.96
    .97

    192.168.10.32 .33 .1 .65 192.168.10.64

    192.168.10.0

    Router#show ip route
    [output cut]
    C 192.168.10.0 is directly connected to Ethernet 0
    C 192.168.10.32 is directly connected to Ethernet 1
    C 192.168.10.64 is directly connected to Ethernet 2
    C 192.168.10.96 is directly connected to Serial 0

    Notice that used six of the eight subnets available for my network design. The lightning
    bolt symbol in the figure represents a wide area network (WAN) such as a T1 or other
    serial connection through an ISP or telco. In other words, something you don’t own, but it’s
    still a subnet just like any LAN connection on a router. As usual, I used the first valid host
    in each subnet as the router’s interface address. This is just a rule of thumb; you can use any
    address in the valid host range as long as you remember what address you configured so
    you can set the default gateways on your hosts to the router address.

    Practice Example #4C: 255.255.255.240 (/28)


    Let’s practice another one:
    192.168.10.0 = Network address
    255.255.255.240 = Subnet mask
    Subnetting Basics 15

    ■■ Subnets? 240 is 11110000 in binary. 24 = 16.


    ■■ Hosts? 4 host bits, or 24 – 2 = 14.
    ■■ Valid subnets? 256 – 240 = 16. Start at 0: 0 + 16 = 16. 16 + 16 = 32. 32 + 16 = 48.
    48 + 16 = 64. 64 + 16 = 80. 80 + 16 = 96. 96 + 16 = 112. 112 + 16 = 128. 128 + 16 =
    144. 144 + 16 = 160. 160 + 16 = 176. 176 + 16 = 192. 192 + 16 = 208. 208 + 16 = 224.
    224 + 16 = 240.
    ■■ Broadcast address for each subnet?
    ■■ Valid hosts?
    To answer the last two questions, check out the following table. It gives you the subnets,
    valid hosts, and broadcast addresses for each subnet. First, fi nd the address of each subnet
    using the block size (increment). Second, fi nd the broadcast address of each subnet incre-
    ment, which is always the number right before the next valid subnet, and then just fi ll in
    the host addresses. The following table shows the available subnets, hosts, and broadcast
    addresses provided from a Class C 255.255.255.240 mask.

    Subnet 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240
    First host 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 241
    Last host 14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 190 206 222 238 254
    Broadcast 15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255

    Cisco has figured out that most people cannot count in 16s and there-
    fore have a hard time finding valid subnets, hosts, and broadcast
    addresses with the Class C 255.255.255.240 mask. You’d be wise to
    study this mask.

    Practice Example #5C: 255.255.255.248 (/29)


    Let’s keep practicing:
    192.168.10.0 = Network address
    255.255.255.248 = Subnet mask
    ■■ Subnets? 248 in binary = 11111000. 25 = 32.
    ■■ Hosts? 23 – 2 = 6.
    ■■ Valid subnets? 256 – 248 = 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120,
    128, 136, 144, 152, 160, 168, 176, 184, 192, 200, 208, 216, 224, 232, 240, and 248.
    ■■ Broadcast address for each subnet?
    ■■ Valid hosts?

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