Gas Laws
Gas Laws
Gas Laws
Topics:
1. Boyle’s Law
2. Charles’ Law
3. Avogadro’s Law
4. Ideal Gas Equation
5. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
6. Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases.
Learning Outcomes:
3
His divine power has given us everything we need for life and
godliness through our knowledge of Him who called us by his own glory
and goodness.
2 Peter 1:3
Introduction
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If we observe our environment a lot of evidence proves that molecules
are moving. Such molecular motion can be easily understood by studying
their behavior.
Gases are all around us it has a characteristic that affects us and our
environment, so we need to understand some fundamental laws that
govern its behavior.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArM6EQmVz6c
Lesson Proper
Content Questions:
1. What is the relationship between the volume and pressure of a
gas at a constant temperature?
2. What is the relationship between volume and absolute
temperature of a gas at constant pressure?
3. What is the relationship between the volume of a gas with its
pressure, temperature and number of moles of a gas?
4. What is the relationship of the partial pressure of gas to its mole
fraction in a mixture?
5. What are the properties of gases based on the kinetic molecular
theory?
Unit Questions:
Essential Questions:
Page 2 of 14
The properties of gases can be explained by the kinetic molecular
theory.
(refer to your textbook page 130-131)
Rex Textbook
1. BOYLE’S LAW:
V1 P1= V2P2
where in:
Sample problem:
Page 3 of 14
Helium gas occupies a volume of 2L and exert a pressure of 1.2
atmosphere. What is its new volume if its pressure is changed to 720
b. Unknow
V2=?
c. Formula
V1P1 = P2V2
d. Solution
a. Convert 720 mmHg to atmosphere
720 mmHg x 1 atmosphere = (720) (1 atm.) = 0.94736 atmosphere
760 mmHg 760
V1P1 = V2P2
P2 P2
V 2= V 1P1
P2
= (2L) (1.2 atmosphere.)
0.94736 atmosphere.
V2 = 2.53 L
A sample of gas exerts a new pressure of 780 torr and occupies a new volume of 250 mL.
What is its initial volume in liter, if its pressure is initially at a 1.0 atmosphere at constant
temperature?
V1 = T1 or V1 = V2
V2 T2 T1 T2
Wherein
V1 = initial volume T1 = initial temperature
V2 = final volume T2 = final temperature
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O
The standard units for temperature is
Kelvin
Conversion Factor
0
F → 0C O
C → 0F
0
C = 5 (0F-32) 0
F = 9 . 0C + 32 or (1.8 .0C) + 32
9 5
Example:
=18 +32
= 5 (18)
9 = 500F
= 90
9
0
C =10
Convert 10 0C to OK
Convert 75 0F to 0K
Steps:
1. Convert OF to OC
2. OC to OK
O
Convert K to OC
Page 6 of 14
Sample Problem:
a. Given data.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Page 7 of 14
b. Calculate its temperature changed in degree oK if its volume is
changed to 2.0 L at constant pressure
3. Avogadro’s Law
V =kn or P = k
n
V1 = V2 or V1n2 = V2n1
n1 n2
wherein:
Where:
1. How many moles of an ideal gas are there if the volume If the gas is
146 L at 14oC and a pressure of 3.45 atmosphere?
Page 9 of 14
a. Given data
V= 146 L
T = 14 oC +273oK= 287 oK
P= 3.45 atmosphere
R = 0.0821 atm. L
mol.0K
b. Required
n= ?
c. Formula
PV= nRT
PV = nRT
RT RT
n = PV
RT
d. Solution
n = PV
RT
C = 1 x12=12
H = 4 x1 = 4
16g/mol
Learning activity
Mathematically expressed as
PT = P1 + P2…..
Where:
If there are three gases, the partial pressure of each gas can be
calculated using the derived formula
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PA = X A
PT
PA = nA
PT nT
Where:
XA = mole fraction of gas A (XA = nA)
nT
PA = XAPT
For a gas sample whose total pressure is 756 torr. What are the partial
pressures of the following component gases: 1.35 mol N 2, 3.45 mol CO2,
4.38 mol H2 and 1.49 mol SO2?
a. Given data:
c. Formula
PA = XAPT
XA = mole fraction of solute (XA =nA)
Page 12 of 14
nT
d. Solution:
1. Calculate the partial pressure of N2
XN2 = 1.35 mol = 0.127
10.67 mol
PN2= XN2 PT
= (0.127)(756 torr)
= 96.012 torr
2. Calculate the partial pressure of CO2
XCO2 = 3.45 mol = 0.323
10. 67 mol
PCO2 = XCO2PT
= (0.323)(756 torr)
= 244.188 torr
3. Calculate the partial pressure of H2
XH2 = 4.38 mol
10.67 mol
= 0.410
PH2 = XH2PT
(0.410)(756 torr)
= 309.96 torr
4. Calculate the partial pressure of SO2
XSO2 = 1.49 mol = .0.140
10.67 mol
PSO2 = XSO2PT
= (0.140)(756 torr)
= 106 torr
Learning Activity
Page 13 of 14
Gas exhibits observable behavior These behaviors maybe explained by the
kinetic molecular theory.
Textbook
References:
Prepared by:
NATALIE F. RITUAL
Subject Teacher
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