The New Senior Secondary

Curriculum for Sierra Leone

Subject syllabus for Food Security
Subject stream: Science and Technologies

This subject syllabus is based on the National Curriculum

Framework for Senior Secondary Education. It was prepared
by national curriculum specialists and subject experts.
Building Young Futures
MBSSE’s Senior Secondary School Curriculum

Curriculum elements for Food Security – an applied subject

Subject Description
‘Food security’ as a school subject is an area of study that uses various subjects to help learners understand and appreciate food as an imperative for
living and having secure access to sufficient food as a basic right of all persons. The subject includes aspects of sciences, technologies and
economics. Food security provides learners with knowledge, skills, and competencies to deal with food systems and key concerns in the food industry.

Food systems have been defined as ‘all the elements and activities related to producing and consuming food, as well as their effects,
including economic, health, and environmental outcomes’. The main food security concerns in Sierra Leone include food production, diversity of
foods, sources of foods, uses of food, sustainable availability of food, consequences of food scarcity, and complexity of the food chain. In essence the
food chain is not only about food production, but also concerns preservation, processing, storage, packaging, marketing, cooking, serving, etc., up to
eventual consumption patterns, nutrition status and other health issues. The subject explores the influence of climate change on food availability and
costs globally. It also covers current and potential job opportunities in the food industry.

Rationale for the inclusion of Food Security in the Senior Secondary School Curriculum
Like many nations, Sierra Leone is not self-sufficient in food. It relies on external sources to meet the food needs of the population. This makes it
difficult and expensive for all segments of the population to have access to the food they need to survive and thrive as citizens. In addition, climate
change affects food production and related supply chain elements, so that there is growing uncertainty across the world about availability, quality and
prices of all types of foods.

Against this background, the Government of Sierra Leone regards food security as a major challenge and a high priority for the country. A May 2021
World Food Program report on the State of Food Security in Sierra Leone indicates that ‘Food insecurity and vulnerability to shocks have
worsened significantly over the past ten years for most Sierra Leoneans, reaching a staggering 57 percent of the population’. The rationale
for having Food Security as an applied subject in senior secondary schools includes the following:

1) To enable the education sector to contribute essential human capital in support of long-term food security in Sierra Leone
2) To complement the Government’s current food security policies and efforts with comprehensive and sustainable education measures
3) To encourage young people to see food more positively than as just labour-intensive farming, which many young people may despise
4) To build appropriate competencies in learners for critical job opportunities in various segments of the food chain in Sierra Leone
5) To promote enthusiasm for self-reliant communities with access to nutritious and affordable food for all citizens
6) To facilitate positive attitudes towards family farming and enhance the types of food produced and consumed in Sierra Leone
7) To understand the impact of climate change (droughts, floods, etc.) on the availability and price of food in Sierra Leone

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8) To improve understanding of the links between food, the environment and conservation in facilitating sustainable food security
9) To contribute to a balanced economy, by reducing the high costs of food imports and increasing revenue from food exports
10) To learn how to conserve the environment and build resilience against the impact of climate change on food security

General learning outcomes/broad goals

By the end of the course, pupils should be able to:
1) Explain (with examples) the various ways in which access to nutritious food at affordable costs is a ‘life and death’ issue for individuals,
families, households, communities, and nations
2) List a wide variety of foods that are consumed in Sierra Leone and put them in categories such as
• Locally produced or imported from other countries
• Seasonal or available throughout the year
• Consumed daily (staple foods) or consumed selectively
• Expensive or affordable
3) Outline and analyse some of the main factors that influence food pricing in Sierra Leone
4) Examine steps, or links in the food chain, from production to consumption, using selected food items
5) Demonstrate food production competencies by growing and harvesting crops in a school garden/farm
6) Outline and analyse the effects of climate change (droughts, floods, etc.) on food security
7) Discuss the viability of measures suggested for reducing the harmful effects of climate change on food security
8) Prepare national ‘food maps’ that indicate major sources of different foods in Sierra Leone
9) Track and document annual changes in price of various food commodities in different parts of the country
10) Prepare nutrition charts showing how different foods contribute to health and quality of life
11) Explain food safety concepts and discuss commonly held beliefs and food taboos in different parts of the country
12) Outline and analyse current practices of food preservation and storage in Sierra Leone
13) Prepare menus for nutritious and balanced meals using a variety of locally available foods
14) Design and cost nutritious and balanced ‘family food baskets’ for different parts of the country
15) Develop a food-based business plan that involves wholesale or retail trade in selected foodstuffs.

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Subject Content Outline (Themes and topics to be covered)

Food for life Types/categories of foods Sources of foods

• Food and survival • Cereals • Foraging
• Hunger and starvation (no food no • Root crops • Hunter-Gathering
life) • Fish and seafood • Farms and gardens
• Food in history (hunting, gathering, • Meat and poultry • Oceans, rivers, streams and
farming, fishing, herding, etc.) • Cooking oils fishponds (fishing)
• Living things need food to survive • Fruits and nuts • Livestock (cattle, sheep, goats,
• Lack of food causing poor health and • Herbs, seasonings and condiments rabbits and other domesticated
starvation • Natural/raw and processed foods animals)
• Food as an essential aspect of • Healthy and unhealthy foods • Poultry farms
human life. • Clean and unclean foods • Fruit farms
• Staples and non-staples • Family farming
• Local and imported foods. • Industrial farming
• Backyard gardening.
Uses of foods The food chain Careers in food
• Energy, nutrition, growth and • Food production and losses • Farming and gardening
physical health • Harvesting • Fishing
• Psychological well-being • Storage • Cattle herding
• Pleasure, social bonding and • Preservation and processing • Wholesaling and retailing
entertainment • Packaging and marketing • Catering
• Celebration and ceremonies • Wholesale and retail • Manufacturing
• Medicinal uses • Consumption and nutrition. • Branding
• Nutritionist
• Cooking
• Working in restaurants

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The food industry Food economics Food and culture

• Subsistence, small-scale and • Supply and demand • Migration and change – from
industrial production • Import and export farming to mining, rural to urban
• Food preservation • Food loss • Taste and preference
• Food Processing • Seasonality • Traditional foods
• Wholesale and retail trading • Market prices • Foods that are taboo or
• Food packaging, storage and • Investments in food production forbidden by different cultures
distribution • Food processing costs and religions
• Marketing and advertising • Storage and distribution costs • Local foods for infants and
• Restaurants and catering • Marketing, and its costs benefits children, Local foods for
• Diet, health and fitness industries • Additives (eg, vitamins, iodised salt, pregnant women
• Animal husbandry, farming and fortified flour, artificial preservatives) • Staple foods
fishing • Salting, smoking, curing, drying, canning
and freezing of foods
Food ethics and morality Climate and food sustainability Climate and food insecurity
• Enough food to meet needs, but not • Soil erosion and soil conservation • Seasonality
for greed • Deforestation • Price variations, crop loss,
• Producing, distributing and • Slash and burn habits hunger and famine,
consuming food fairly • Aquaculture (fish farming) • Supply chain disruptions
• Food surplus, scarcity, waste and • Pollution (land, rivers and oceans) • Salination of land previously
hoarding • Plastic waste used for farming
• Price manipulation, gouging, • Changing weather patterns • Migration out of farming and
profiteering and corruption • Heatwaves, droughts, winds and floods rural areas.
• Climate change awareness
• Adaptation, preparedness and resilience
A systems approach to food Land and water conservation Climate change and food
• The food chain at local, national, • Seeds and seedbanks • Crop failures
regional and global levels • Genetically modified seeds (GM) • Hurricanes
• UN Decade of Family Farming (FAO) • Soil erosion • Flood
• Economic policies and national • Pollution of land, lakes, rivers, oceans • Droughts
investments in food security • Forest reserves • Monsoon
• Timber logging • Seasons and seasons change
• Fishing quotas • Rainfall and heatwaves
• Grazing lands

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Structure of the Syllabus Over the Three-Year Senior Secondary School Cycle
SSS 1 SSS 2 SSS 3

Term 1 The basics of food and food security Climate change and food security The food industry and related careers
Types and categories of foods; foods Understanding climate change (not just Farming, fishing, food processing. retail
consumed in Sierra Leone; foods weather events) and how it affects food and wholesale food marketing; food
produced in various parts of the security in the long term; droughts and packaging; food distribution; storage and
country; foods imported into the floods; failed seasonal rains; desertification preservation; legislation on ‘local content’
country; food distribution (wholesale and land degradation; supply chain in shops and supermarkets; youth
and retail); access to food and the cost disruptions; climate effects on migration, employment and the promotion of
of food; nutrition and food consumption; agriculture, fishing, livestock; measures to entrepreneurship in the food industry.
food availability and scarcity (seasonal mitigate the negative effects of climate
hunger, malnutrition). change.
Term 2 The ‘food chain’ concept in Sierra Production to consumption (key Measures to improve food security in
Leone factors) Sierra Leone
Foods: production, harvesting and Factors affecting production of food on UN Decade of Family Farming; Support to
storage; processing and preservation; farms and in oceans, lakes and rivers; farmers for mechanised farming; support to
packaging and marketing; branding and reducing harvest loss and food waste; fishing communities (boats, nets, cold
advertising; buying and selling; rural-Urban migration; migration from rooms and fish smoking facilities);
preparing and consuming; nutrition and farming to diamond mining in Sierra Leone; mitigating the negative impact of climate
healthy living; strengthening links in protecting and preserving food stocks; change at all levels
food chain at national, regional and marketing; health and nutrition. (national/regional/global)
global levels.
Term 3 The economics and ethics of access Project: models and trends in food Overview of food security in Sierra
to food security Leone
Subsistence farming, backyard Introduction to project work, group project Revision of key elements of food security
gardening; small-holder farming; large- tasks, research and preparation for project in Sierra Leone, including impact of climate
scale farming; national agriculture work, selection of projects to execute. change, food chain and job opportunities.
budgets and subsidies; food importation Trends in Food Security; Modelling the Factors influencing food price increases in
and related subsidies; price controls; dynamics of changing trends in food Sierra Leone. Innovators making positive
food quality and balanced diets; security. Predicting the future based on changes to food security in West Africa
nutrition for pregnant and lactating historic/current trends in food security. and across Africa. Food Security and

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women; child nutrition; adolescent food E.g., slump in self-sufficient rice production Quality of life in Sierra Leone. The place of
needs; special diets and supplements and new investments made to boost rice food security in national development goals
for old people; ownership and control production. and priorities
issues related to GM crops; food
distribution.

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Teaching Syllabus
Senior Secondary Level 1
Topic/Theme/Unit Expected learning Recommended Suggested resources Assessment of learning
outcomes teaching methods outcomes
The Basics of food and Learners will be able to: Class interaction: Reference items in an Written exercise on how food
food security in the Sierra Discuss categories of intensive resource pack for keeps us alive and healthy,
List food groups (with
Leone context foods. Write on board. teaching Food Security.
examples).
Learners list foods in
Explain why food is critical each category. Trace Pop-quiz on names /
for life. origins (local/imported) of Notes prepared by teachers categories of foods in Sierra
foods. Use examples to for use by learners. Leone and West Africa.
State sources of foods
consumed in Sierra Leone define and discuss
(local/imported). hunger, famine,
starvation. Explain how Extracts from key source Homework on types of foods
Outline types of food food keeps us alive and materials. produced in different parts of
produced in various parts of healthy. Groups discuss Sierra Leone.
Sierra Leone. how we get meat, fish,
Explain why some foods rice, cassava, oil, and
other basic foodstuffs. Class discussion on food
have to be imported into
Discuss seasons for basics.
Sierra Leone.
groundnuts, oranges,
Discuss (with examples) mangoes and other crops
impact of food shortage on in Sierra Leone.
families.
The Concept of the ‘food Learners will be able to Written tasks: Notes prepared by teachers Class test on listing links in
chain’ in the Sierra Leone show: for use by learners as a the food chain for some local
Each learner traces
context. study reference. foods.
They know (can list) the selected food from
links in the food chain in production to Charts, pictures and other Homework on what is
Sierra Leone. consumption. Highlight teaching and learning involved in the food chain
links in the food chain. materials (TLMs). besides work on the farm.
Does this affect access
and price? List foods in

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They appreciate there is local market. How do

more to food than foods get to the market?
farming/production. What do they cost? Who
buys?
They can trace the food
chain for specific examples
of local foods.
Economics and ethics of Learners will be able to Group reports: Present Price lists with rise in food Class discussion on food
access to food in Sierra explain: findings on market costs over several months. prices. Households that may
Leone. studies, the relative costs not afford access to foods.
How food prices affect Food poverty notes
of different foods, who
access. Homework to track food
can afford food, cheap
prices and access to food.
Why different groups of the substitutes, lack of food
population lack access to (hunger/malnutrition).
food.
How hunger affects
vulnerable people.
Recap on food and food Learners will be able to Class interaction Q&A: Collection of TLMs used so Class test to test knowledge
security in the Sierra show: far to teach about basic of key elements on the
Recall, outline, define,
Leone context food security. basics of food security in
Pupils remember / explain, question, argue,
Sierra Leone.
understand the key on Food Security lessons
essentials of food security. learned.

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Senior Secondary Level 2

Topic/Theme/Unit Expected learning Recommended Suggested resources Assessment of learning
outcomes teaching methods outcomes
Impact of climate change Learners will be able to: Formal presentations: Reference items from an Homework: search major
and its many impacts on intensive resource package sources and draft a report on
Define ‘climate change,’ Use extracts from
Food Security in Sierra for teaching Food Security. the impact of climate change
state the difference between literature and articles on
Leone, West Africa and Notes prepared by teachers on Food Security.
climate and weather, and climate change. Standard
Africa. for use by learners. Articles
explain links between definitions, illustrated
accessed from online
climate change and food case studies on the
searches, the press, blogs.
security. impact of climate change
on food security.
Outline examples of climate
effects on food security in
Sierra Leone, West Africa
and Africa.
Factors influencing Food Learners will be able to Teacher-led/learner- Skeleton Notes by the Multiple-choice tests on
Security from production state (and explain) how based: teacher. food chain and food security.
to consumption in Sierra we:
‘Skeleton notes’ on how Blank sheets of paper for Homework to find out and
Leone and West Africa
Produce, process, preserve, we produce, process and learners to list their ideas report on processes that
package, market, procure, preserve foods. Learners and contributions. relate to the food chain.
prepare, and consume discuss in groups and fill
Essays on a topic relating to
various food as part of food in details. Learners
one part of food chain.
chain. explain how we package,
market, prepare, and
consume foods.
Introduction and Learners will be able to: Learner-centered, Guideline Notes by the Grade the quality of project
preparation for project teacher-guided: teacher on essentials of proposals developed by each
Select and define credible
work on food security. project work. group of learners.
area of research in food Informed decision by
security. groups of learners on Blank sheets of paper for
elements of the project learners to list their ideas
they want to do. and brainstorm.

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Criteria by teachers to
guide decisions by
learner groups.
Group work on selected Learners will Learner-centered, Reference materials and Assess the quality of project
projects dealing with key demonstrate: teacher-guided: resources for learners to execution. using agreed
aspects of food security use to carry out food criteria for good projects.
Capacity to plan and Informed decision by
in Sierra Leone. security projects.
execute a project on food groups of learners on
security. strategies for executing
their project.
Capacity to organize
findings and report on Criteria by teachers to
results. judge project results.
Ability to judge outcomes.
Review of achievements Learners will show they Teacher-guided tasks Display boards and class Grade the curating work by
in project work on food can: wall ‘galleries’ to exhibit learners and the quality of
Organize and curate
security. Write-up and project results. the project exhibition.
Recall, explain and discuss project results to mount
‘publish’ class projects.
a wide range of food an exhibition.
security issues.

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Senior Secondary Level 3

Topic/Theme/Unit Expected learning Recommended Suggested resources Assessment of learning
outcomes teaching methods outcomes
The concept of Food Learners will be able to: Notes: Concepts and Copies of case studies on Essays on life of a Food
Security and potential job definition of food security innovators in food Industry Industry worker in Sierra
Identify/describe wide range
opportunities in the food and key jobs. in West Africa Leone.
of jobs in the food industry.
industry in Sierra Leone.
Field trip to observe Intensive resource Pop-Quiz on who does what
various food industry catalogue/site, with current in the food industry
workers at an appropriate articles, case studies, news
business place. items and
Review of measures to Learners will show they Reference materials on Resource materials on how Scenario reviews from real
improve food security in can: how food security key food security issues are or imaginary cases of a food
Sierra Leone. problems are addressed addressed in Sierra Leone. security crisis.
Analyse food industry
in West Africa.
issues. Case studies on issues in Homework on proposed
Review Cases on African food security. solutions to food security
Describe how some
innovators in the food problems in Sierra Leone.
problems of food security
industry and how they
are resolved.
have solved problems.
Suggest viable new
solutions to food security
problems.
Overview of the food Learners will be able to: Discuss the food chain in Food chain diagrams for Class exercise: Construct
chain and food security in Sierra Leone and in various local foods. food chain charts for 2 or 3
Depict the food chain in
Sierra Leone as well as Africa generally with local foods.
chart form for selected local Extracts from TLMs on
across Africa and notes and charts. Name
foods. Food Security supplied to Homework to make a chart
globally. and describe key stages
schools and teachers. for the food chain of a local
Outline and describe key in the food chain for
food
stages in the food chain. typical local foods.
Revision for WASSCE Learners will show they Review all materials Collection of all TLMs and Class test and mock exam
can: used by the teachers and reference sources used in on key elements of food
learners during the teaching of the course. security in Sierra Leone.
course.

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Recall, explain and discuss Review summary

a wide range of food revision points prepared
security issues. by teacher.

References and resources

2022 Survey Report on ‘Zeroing in on Ending Hunger: Perspectives on the Challenges, Priorities, and Critical Next Stages’. Published by DEVEX and
Action Against Hunger. https://www.actionagainsthunger.org.uk/publications-and-reports/zeroing-in-on-ending-hunger
Climate change in Africa: What will it mean for agriculture and food security? | International Livestock Research Institute (ilri.org), February 2022
https://www.ilri.org/news/climate-change-africa-what-will-it-mean-agriculture-and-food-security
Climate Crisis in Sierra Leone: How WFP is Assisting | World Food Programme, November 2022 https://www.wfp.org/publications/climate-crisis-sierra-
leone-how-wfp-assisting
Food Security Update | World Bank Response to Rising Food Insecurity. World Bank, 13 March 2023
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-update?cid=ECR_E_NewsletterWeekly_EN_EXT&deliveryName=DM174511
Food sustainability - Cool Scheme to Reduce Food Waste in Nigeria. Busani Bafana. Food Waste https://www.africa.com/cool-scheme-to-reduce-
food-waste-in-nigeria/ (www.africa.com) and http://www.ipsnews.net/news/human-rights/food-sustainability/
Global Report on Food Crises 2022 (By Global Network Against Food Crises and Food Security Information Network. This is a very comprehensive
multi-agency publication with country case studies on major food crises in 2022.) https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-
publications/resources-details/en/c/1447880/
OECD (2021), Jobs for Rural Youth: The Role of Local Food Economies, Development Centre Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.
https://doi.org/10.1787/692c0ca1-en
State of food security in Sierra Leone 2020 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis | World Food Programme (wfp.org).
https://www.wfp.org/publications/state-food-security-sierra-leone-2020-comprehensive-food-security-and-vulnerability
Summary of Conclusions from a Restricted Meeting (6-8 April 2022) on Food Security in West Africa. Published by ECOWAS, UEMOA and RPCA.
https://www.food-security.net/en/
Transforming how we price and finance the 'true value of food', DEVEX Partnerships, 20 September 2021 https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/q-
a-transforming-how-we-price-and-finance-the-true-value-of-food-101618
World Bank Scales Up its Financing for Food Security with Additional $315 Million to Strengthen the Resilience of Food Systems across West Africa –
World Bank, July 2022 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/07/29/world-bank-scales-up-its-financing-for-food-security-to-
strengthen-the-resilience-of-food-systems-across-west-africa

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‘By the digits’: snapshot resource figures and links

23%: Agriculture as a share of Africa’s GDP How tech and a https://qz.com/africa/2084690/how-tech-and-agriculture-can-help-africas-pandemic-

recoverygriculture can help Africa's pandemic recovery (qz.com)
$1.2 billion: Value of agricultural exports from Nigeria in 2021 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1298126/value-of-agricultural-exports-from-nigeria/
60%: Farmers as a share of the population in sub-Saharan Africa https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/winning-in-africas-
agricultural-market
25: African countries that import more than a third of their wheat supplies from Russia and Ukraine https://unctad.org/system/files/official-
document/osginf2022d1_en.pdf
40%: Food as a share of consumer spending in Africa https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/04/28/blog-africa-faces-new-shock-as-war-raises-
food-fuel-costs
1.5%: Nigeria’s contribution to the world’s total palm oil output, making it the world’s fifth largest palm oil producer
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134494/production-of-palm-oil-in-nigeria/

80%: Imported fertilizer as a share of the total used in Africa https://email-tracking.qz.com/ss/c/oGyHAwqTH7BNOV4YtPRNH-

fMiB2OQa4gY4av6Ngqgh-
CKexlGT0EXLqW99yLRBIMR4vLkBJAUe8nbLepWVFMAvj3HlCae1QoncIDjtlu0yXVMMvF3Gr0AxUXBp0q0XSA5Q7BHemcEqKNZSqqWvqKwO6
MT_yAt2pgJQgD1ZxiHUfc42_p51TK002PEZCroUi0/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h15/rZ9LwszxemXL1AHAmqzwT2hFyFjYtPnxTBNqPoWaL
LM

52%: The share of Ghana’s fertilizer imported from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus https://email-tracking.qz.com/ss/c/oGyHAwqTH7BNOV4YtPRNH-
fMiB2OQa4gY4av6Ngqgh-
CKexlGT0EXLqW99yLRBIMR4vLkBJAUe8nbLepWVFMAvj3HlCae1QoncIDjtlu0yXVMMvF3Gr0AxUXBp0q0XSA5Q7BHemcEqKNZSqqWvqKwO6
MT_yAt2pgJQgD1ZxiHUfc42_p51TK002PEZCroUi0/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h16/U_elNA5JcooRu0znxWlf96hxeIOzq_HerDQC2z_Bj9c

350,000 tons: Ghana’s fertilizer shortage as a result of the Ukraine war https://email-
tracking.qz.com/ss/c/anlMDmyVAri2v1Mf53z7Z6HXiWHufLb9dS3BVnDuGVJmejtoAjCHIrEp2ORpYRPp-FE4KEyAs-
X3zSBiSUJ7pjgkY_31uKoirJd7NKbEYnLsqFQVIcbDRaqZd9WB4ANQZEyxx7mOiykpwW6PxVAdoFF3xdwtyAqPis3jJboRJYwIuUOQlIxaQR4Hmo
B2dCDN3mBmrOo-JdnBbu6lBMEZKg/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h17/NjLUq7_z9xVSG-OBnLsbZ4e66wEoZ0F0O2xcNfu2ZNo

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$4 billion: The value of African food production lost post-harvest every year https://email-
tracking.qz.com/ss/c/anlMDmyVAri2v1Mf53z7Z1pqzyMbhW1mcIJ1HyD46XXilj43-
Gu8AkpUTX5IWW3RSSv0GpCWVpzVYuSQo_jKOZN3ERR5n3uXOOJr-eW2giMgPZnsnSXWIrUgDJPMtDk8sJvUiBrpuke4v_5raSrDEA-
8e4ktMnGBqbCoT4fidmY/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h18/NPLSWL8nvZkCl_CUJLMWccoKfGA3WkMvmNalevZd2go

$75 million: Total venture funding for agritech startups in Africa in 2021, up from $1 million in 2019 and $10 million in 2020 https://email-
tracking.qz.com/ss/c/anlMDmyVAri2v1Mf53z7Z6SPexKu4OdXBGnoIVZ87ghyntxeGZuQsFBkJnYNORIAWydUEotXeaK-Fz7KfaMTXluy34icY-
HDk894N6-Jbe8x8h1BeqQulfGb5f2sZHhq/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h19/CUfqQiZ7S0HQoBu8ypdO7WGZm74HF-LKqIoivnUUcgE

1%: The share of global venture funding received by African agritech startups in 2021 https://email-
tracking.qz.com/ss/c/anlMDmyVAri2v1Mf53z7Z6SPexKu4OdXBGnoIVZ87ghyntxeGZuQsFBkJnYNORIAWydUEotXeaK-Fz7KfaMTXluy34icY-
HDk894N6-Jbe8x8h1BeqQulfGb5f2sZHhq/3r4/oYuYhRhdQbqZbRk8jN4XkQ/h20/Krj6bX00c6wFP5g0Zm5mCBTZbpFcPwJ23vhK9UzsMyo

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