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    Errors Physics

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    hnhs1216
    The document provides measurement data for the length of a stick and the width of a garden. It also provides data to determine the equation of a line of best fit. The steps shown are to: 1) find the mean, 2) calculate deviations from the mean, 3) square the deviations and add them, 4) divide by N-1 and take the square root to get the standard deviation as the estimated error, and 5) report the mean and standard deviation. The percentage uncertainty is the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Errors Physics

    Uploaded by

    hnhs1216
    19 views8 pages
    The document provides measurement data for the length of a stick and the width of a garden. It also provides data to determine the equation of a line of best fit. The steps shown are to: 1) find the mean, 2) calculate deviations from the mean, 3) square the deviations and add them, 4) divide by N-1 and take the square root to get the standard deviation as the estimated error, and 5) report the mean and standard deviation. The percentage uncertainty is the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100.

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    The document provides measurement data for the length of a stick and the width of a garden. It also provides data to determine the equation of a line of best fit. The steps shown are to: 1) find the mean, 2) calculate deviations from the mean, 3) square the deviations and add them, 4) divide by N-1 and take the square root to get the standard deviation as the estimated error, and 5) report the mean and standard deviation. The percentage uncertainty is the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views8 pages

    Errors Physics

    Uploaded by

    hnhs1216
    The document provides measurement data for the length of a stick and the width of a garden. It also provides data to determine the equation of a line of best fit. The steps shown are to: 1) find the mean, 2) calculate deviations from the mean, 3) square the deviations and add them, 4) divide by N-1 and take the square root to get the standard deviation as the estimated error, and 5) report the mean and standard deviation. The percentage uncertainty is the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    • Suppose you measured Observation Length (in cm)

    the length of a certain


    #1 31.33
    stick using a ruler and
    you gathered the #2 31.15
    following set of data as #3 31.26
    presented in the table. #4 31.02
    Determine the
    #5 31.20
    percentage uncertainty Assume that the errors involved are random.
    of the set of
    measurements.
    STEPS IN ESTIMATING ERRORS USING
    VARIANCE
    1. Find the mean (𝑥𝑚 )

    𝟏 𝑵
    ഥ=
    𝒙 σ𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊
    𝑵

    2. Subtract this average from each of the N


    measurements to obtain N "deviations“.

    3. Square each of these N deviations and add


    them all up.
    STEPS IN ESTIMATING ERRORS USING
    VARIANCE
    4. Divide this result by (N − 1) and take the square
    root. That’s your standard deviation (w/c is the
    estimated error of the multiple measurement).
    1
    σ= σ𝑁 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥ҧ 2
    𝑁−1 𝑖=1

    5. Report the final result as:

    ഥ±𝝈
    𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 = 𝒙
    STEPS IN ESTIMATING ERRORS USING
    VARIANCE
    6. Percentage uncertainty is calculate by:

    𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒚
    %𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒚 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
    𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏
    • You gathered this set of Observation Width (in m)
    data after measuring
    #1 10.35
    the width of
    rectangular garden. #2 10.43
    Determine the #3 10.45
    estimated error of the #4 10.38
    given set of #5 10.40
    measurements.
    • It is the process of constructing a straight line that has
    the best fit to a series of data points.

    x y
    Find the equation of the
    line that fits the data with 2.91 65.25
    the LEAST error. 6.85 125.18
    12.45 155.23
    28.23 256.23
    33.22 389.24
    STEPS IN FINDING THE EQUATION OF THE LINE
    (𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃)
    1. Find the slope (m).

    𝑵 σ𝑵 𝒙 𝒚
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒊 𝒊 − (σ𝑵
    𝒙
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒊 )(σ𝑵
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒚𝒊 )
    𝒎= 𝟐
    𝑵 𝟐 𝑵
    𝑵 σType (σ𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊 )
    𝒙𝒊 −here.
    𝒊=𝟏equation

    2. Find the y – intercept (b).

    (σ𝑵 𝒙
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒊
    𝟐
    )(σ𝑵
    𝒚
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒊 ) − (σ𝑵
    𝒙
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒊 )(σ𝑵
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊 𝒚𝒊 )
    𝒃= 𝟐
    𝑵 σ𝑵
    𝒊=𝟏 𝒙 𝒊
    𝟐 − 𝑵
    (σ𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊 )
    x y

    3.91 64.25
    7.73 90.02
    18.27 158.13
    25.65 232.12
    Find the equation of the
    29.78 315.23
    line that fits the data with
    the LEAST error. 32.21 365.32
    40.01 438.96
    45.34 465.32
    47.45 501.21
    49.21 550.61
    3.91 64.25

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