TOPIC 1: “DISCIPLINE IN COUNSELING”

COUNSELING - a discipline that uses psychological theories and communication

skills to address clients concerns, problems, or aspirations.

- can be delivered through face to face, groupwork, telephone, email, or

written materials.

- non clinical intervention

GOAL OF COUNSELING: aim at empowering a client

COUNSELORS - play a significant role in our society. They give guidance and assistance to those
who are in need.

“the process of guiding a person during a stage of life, when reassessments or decisions have
to be made about himself or herself and his or her life course”

( Definition of COLLINS dictionary of Sociology)

CONCEPT OF COUNSELING:

- aims to empower the client by helping them develop abilities to cope and
improve quality life.

CONTEXT OF COUNSELING: defined by “URIE BRONFENBRENNER”

1. Peers - essential part of a person's support system and can greatly influence
their mental health and well being.

2. Neighborhood - can have a significant impact on their mental health and well
being. Factors such as safety, community support, access to resources, and the
overall environment.

3. Culture - It encompasses person's beliefs, values, traditions, and identity, all of

which can influence their mental health and well being.
4. Counseling - plays a crucial role in shaping the effectiveness and outcome of
the counseling process.

CLIENTS FACTORS

• their expectations and attitude often determine the outcome, and the
success or failure of the counseling process heavily depends on the clients.

COUNSELOR FACTORS

• it includes personality, skills, and qualities, that significantly influence

counseling outcomes.

• Counselors bring about self - restoration or self - empowerment conditions,

which can influenced by their personal style and methods.

COUNSELING OUTCOMES

• clients comfort and safety are crucial for healing and achieving desired
outcomes.

PROCESS FACTORS

• constitute the actual counseling undertaking

VELLEMEAN (2001) presents the 6 stages which for him apply to all problem
areas in the process of counseling:

1. Developing trust

2. Exploring problem areas

3. Helping to set goals

4. Empowering into action

5. Helping to maintain change

6. Agreeing when to end the helping relationship

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

• are a set of ideas, theories, and aspects that serves as a proper and profound
guide.

•ADVICE - fundamental aspects of giving judgement in relation to the explanation

and situation of the counselee.

•REASSURANCE - a good way of encouraging counselee to face his/her problems

as previously giving advices necessitates self-esteem for it to work effectively.

•RELEASE OF EMOTIONAL TENSION - furnishes clients with an opportunity to

express how they really feel deep inside their selves. They can be frustrated,
depressed, anxious, and disappointed. This assures that the counselee will openly
discuss their concerns to a sympathetic listener and that their tensions begin to
deplete.

•CLARIFIED THINKING - manifests in between the counselor and counselee where

they have discussed clear points in overcoming the circumstances. After a
counselee releases tension, the counselor may be able to clarify the responsibility
of the client with his/her problems.

•REORIENTATION - this is the alteration of clients aspiration to a much realistic

level of attainment. It helps to recognize and accept their own limitations.

•LISTENING SKILLS - enables the counselor to hear out the details attentively and
scrutinize the reasons and emotions behind the experience or experiences.
Remember: the counselor does not interrupt the client!

•RESPECT - even if the client is acting weird, erratic and different from a normal
person. Respect is indispensable in counseling, without it, counseling is ineffective
and futile.
•EMPATHY AND POSITIVE REGARD - ( Carl Rogers ) American psychologist:
combined empathy and positive regard as two principles that should go along
with respect and effective listening skills. Empathy requires the counselor to listen
and understand the feelings and perspective of the counselee.

•CLARIFICATION - process of reiterating the clients statement of feeling so that

the client may learn something or understand the issue better.

RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY

• means that the counselor must provide a client unconditional

positive regard, compassion, non-judgemental attitude, empathy and
trust.

• PARTNERSHIP - Counselors has to foster partnerships with the

various disciplines that come together to support an integrated healing
that encompasses various aspects such as the physical, emotional,
spiritual, and intellectual.

•AUTONOMY - entails respect for confidentiality and trust in

counseling

•RESPONSIBLE CARING - respecting the potential of every human being

to change and to continue learning throughout his/her life, especially in
the environment of counseling.

•PERSONAL INTEGRITY - Counselors must reflect personal integrity,

honesty, and truthfulness with clients.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

COUNSELORS SHALL:

1. Act with care and respect for individual and cultural differences and
the diversity of human experience.

2. Avoid doing harm in all their professional work. Actively support the
principles embodied in “Treaty of Waitangi”

The 3 key principles of “TREATY OF WAITANGI”

1. Partnerships

2. Participation

3. Protection

3. Respect for the confidence with which they are entrusted.

4. Promote the safety and well being of individuals families, and

communities.

5. Seek to increase the range of choices and opportunities of clients.

6. Be honest and trustworthy in all their professional relationships.

7. Practice within the scope of their competence.

8. Treat colleagues and other professionals with respect.

TOPIC 2: “THE PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE

 DISCIPLE OF COUNSELING”

ROLES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS

• role of providing guidance at critical moments

FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS

• Republic Act No. 9258 ( Sec 2-3) defines Guidance counselor as a

professionally registered and licensed individual

1. Helping a client develop potentials to the fullest.

2. Helping a client plan to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest.

3. Helping a client plan his/her future in accordance with his/her

abilities, interests, and needs.

4. Sharing and applying counseling knowledge involves disseminating

and utilizing counseling theories.

5. Administering human development services encompasses providing

a broad spectrum of support and assistance in the realm of human
growth and development.

COMPETENCIES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS

• have the ability to administer and maintain career guidance and

counseling programs.

3 STAGE THEORY OF COUNSELING

( marks as the broad competencies for a counselor)

Stage 1: What is going on? ( clarifying issues )

Stage 2: What solutions make sense for me? ( determining outcomes )

Stage 3: What do I have to do to get what I need or want? ( develop

strategies for accomplishing goals )

FOUNDATION SKILLS:

1. ATTENDING AND LISTENING SKILLS - involves purposely and

empathetic listening to ensure clients feel heard and understand.

2. REFLECTIVE SKILLS - involves understanding and considering the

perspective of the other person.

3. PROBING SKILLS - involves the ability to ask more targeted and

guiding questions, enabling a deeper exploration of a topic or steering
the conversation in a specific direction.

4 COMMON SKILLS

1. Communication skills - the ability to actively listen demonstrate

understanding, ask appropriate questions, and provide information as
needed.

2. Motivational skills - these skills are the ones that influence a client to
take action after the helping session or consultation.

3. Problem - solving skills - entails identifying issues, finding root

causes, and devising solutions.
4. Conflict - resolution skills - involves learning about styles of conflict
resolution.

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION WHERE COUNSELORS WORK

Nesenholz (1987) identified 11 major areas:

1. Child development and Counseling - specialize in parent education,

preschool counseling, and helping abused children and their families

2. Adolescents development and Counseling - specialize in middle/high

school counseling, residential youth work, and youth probation.

3. Gerontological Counseling - for older citizens is the fastest growing

specialization in counseling.

4. Marital relationship Counseling - includes premarital counseling and

divorce mediation.

5. Health - as an area of specialization offers possibility for nutrition

counseling.

6. Career/ Lifestyle Counseling - helps with career and lifestyle choices

and decisions.

7.

8. Specializing in drug Counseling - offers various paths, like substance

abuse counseling, smoking cessation management, and crisis
intervention counseling.

9. Consultation - covers agency and corporate consulting , industrial

psychology specialist, and training manager.
10. Business and industry - include training and development
personne, employee career development officer, affirmative action or
equal opportunity specialist.

11. Other specialties - may include phobia counseling, agoraphobia,

self management, intra personal management, interpersonal
relationships management, and grief counseling.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR COUNSELORS:

1. Educational and School Counselors - offers personal, educational,

social, and academic counseling services.

2. Vocational or Career Counselors - these professionals facilitate

career decision making.

3. Marriage and Family Counselors- they offer a wide range of service

for couples and families.

4. Addiction and Behavioral Counselors - works with people suffering

from addictions.

5. Mental Health Counselors- works with people suffering from mental

or psychological distress such as anxiety, phobias, depression, grief,
esteem issues, trauma, substaabuse,and related issues.

6. Rehabilitation - these professionals are engaged with individuals

suffering from physical or emotional disabilities.

7. Genetics Counselors - they operate in a very specialized context of

dealing with genetic information for individuals and the decisions that
come with it.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLE 1: ( client guidance counselor)

• respect for the rights and dignity of the client

PRINCIPLE 2: ( competence guidance counselor )

• maintain and update their professional skills

PRINCIPLE 3: ( responsibility guidance counselor )

• areaware of their professional responsibility

PRINCIPLE 4: ( integrity guidance counselor )

• seek to promote integrity in their practice

TOPIC 3: “THE CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES OF COUNSELING ”

• The clientele and audiences of counseling are normal people. They are not in
need of clinical or mental help.

SCHOOL COUNSELORS

Academic Counseling - School Counselors help students set and achieve academic
goals, choose appropriate courses, and develop effective study skills.

Personal and Social Counseling - School Counselors offer emotional and social
supports to students facing personal challenges, such as family issue, peer
conflicts, bullying, and mental health concerns.
Career Counselling - School Counselors guide students in exploring career
options. Identifying their interests and strengths, and making informed decisions
about their future.

Job Hunting Coaches - provide avenues for people to find necessary

information and get employment that is suitable for them.

Conflict management providers - these professionals provide the need

for principles and theory-based approaches to deal with conflict and
descalate it.

Human Resource Personnel - provides the needs common to all

workplaces and they are employed in almost all workplaces to deal with
various employee needs that aspects of remunerations, social services,
compensations, conflict resolution, and discipline.

Marriage Counselors - provide the need for conflict-resolution skills to

parties, couple, and children to deal with various stresses.

Drug abuse and Rehabilitation Counselors - - help people overcome

their problems or mitigate some of the most negative effects of drug
abuse.

Bereavement Counselors - are specialists who provide essential

support to those dealing with the loss of a loved one, aiding them in
managing grief effectively and avoiding issues such as depression,
suicidal thoughts, and despair. They empower clients to heal and
address emotional challenges during tough times.
Abused Children Caretakers - Counselors in government and 100
programs for abused children play a crucial role in helping these
children heal.

CLIENTS:
INDIVIDUAL AS CLIENT COUNSELING - who needs to be helped to
manage well a life-changing situation or personal problem or crisis and
other support needs may undergo counseling as an individual.

GROUP AND ORGANIZATIONS AS CLIENT COUNSELING- groups

existing in communities organizations, students in school, teachers in
school, and departments in workplace, and such an entity can undergo
group counseling to meet counseling needs on that level.

COMMUNITY COUNSELING - focuses on increasing acces to

mental health and social services, while also providing
individual and group counseling to those in the community.

5 COMMON CHALLENGES:
1. Pre-marital and Marital Counseling
2. Grief and loss
3. Domestic violence and othe types of abuse
4. Coping with terminal illness
5. Death and Dying