THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING

At the end of this lesson, the student should be

able to:

1. Develop a comprehensive definition of

counseling as an applied social science;
2. Describe the contexts involved in
counseling;
3. Identify the principles of counseling;
THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able
to:
4. Clarify how different factors contribute to
successful counseling based on the concepts and
principles of counseling;

5. Determine life situations that are within the

goals and scope of professional counseling; and

6. Demonstrate how core values of counseling can

be infused in counseling sessions.
•  is a field of study or a discipline that is
involved in the provision of advice or
guidance indecision-making, particularly
in emotionally significant situations.-
• “A principled relationship characterized
by the application of one or more
psychological theories and a recognized
set of communication skills, modified
by experience, intuition and other
interpersonal factors, to clients’ intimate
concerns, problems or aspirations.
(Feltham and Dryden, 1993)-
The common factor in most counselling
situations is that the client is
demoralized, distressed or otherwise in a
negative state of mind about something.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
1. Is a conversation with someone regarding
some problem.
2. Counsellor draws out the facts from the
pupils through counselling process.
3. Counseling helps the pupil in making
selections and following those selections
4. Counseling is assistance to the persons in
their behaviour related problems in which
their emotions and motivations are main
factors
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
5. Counseling involves interactions in which
the counsellor accepts the responsibility of
positive contribution in the development
of other people’s personality.
6. Counseling is a learning oriented process.
7. Counseling is a face to face relationship
with a person. This relationship is between
counsellor and a client.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
8. Counseling is democratic. It lays down the
democratic system. The client can behave
as he wishes.
9. Counselling is a professional advice.
10.Counselling is problem-oriented.
11.Counseling is based on appropriateness of
counselor’s prediction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
12. Best counselling is in the form of the
decision made by the counselee.
13.Counseling is possible in humorous and
cooperative environment only
14.Counseling is completely based on self-
guidance.
COUNSELING CORE VALUES

- The potential of every human being to

change and to continue learning
throughout the lifespan, in formal and
informal settings, and especially in the
environment of counseling and
psychological services.
COUNSELING CORE VALUES
Strong relationships
 - as the primary vehicle in helping others to
learn new ways of thinking, feeling and
behaving, including collaboration within the
university community and partnering with other
offices to provide comprehensive mental health
services to students.-
 
-An emphasis on prevention of mental health
problems via education, intervention and
outreach into the University Community
GOAL OF COUMSELLING
GOAL OF COUMSELLING
GOAL OF COUMSELLING
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Advice. Counseling may involve advice-
giving as one of the several function that
counselors perform. When this is done, the
requirements is that a counselor makes
judgment about a counselee’s problems and
lays out options for a course of action.
Advice-giving has to avoid breeding a
relationship in which the counselee feels
inferior and emotionally dependent on the
counselor.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Reassurance. Counseling involves providing
clients with reassurance, which is a way of
giving them courage to face a problem of
confidence that they are pursuing a suitable
course of action. Reassurance is a valuable
principle because it can bring about a sense
of relief that may empower a client to
function normally again.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Release of emotional tension. Counseling
provides clients the opportunity to get emotional
release from their pent-up frustrations and other
personal issues. Counseling experience shows
that as persons begin to explain their concerns to
a sympathetic listener, their tensions begin to
subside. They become more relaxed and tend to
become more coherent and rational. The release
of tensions helps remove mental blocks by
providing a solution to the problem.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Clarified thinking. Clarified thinking tends to
take place while the counselor and counselee
are talking and there for becomes a logical
emotional release. As this relationship goes
on, other self-empowering results may take
place later as a result of developments during
the counseling relationship. Clarified thinking
encourage a client to accept responsibility for
problems and to be more realistic I solving
them.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Reorientation. Reorientation involves a
change in a client’s emotional self through a
change in basic goals and aspirations. This
requires a revision of the client’s level of
aspiration to bring it more in line with actual
and realistic attainment. It enables clients to
recognize and accept their own limitations.
The counselors job is to recognize those in
need of reorientation and facilitate
appropriate interventions.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Listening skills. Listening attentively to
clients is the counselors attempt to understand
both the content of the client’s problem as
they see it, and the emotions they are
experiencing related to the problem.
Counselors do not make interpretations of the
client’s problems or offers any premature
suggestions as to help deal with them, or solve
the issues presented. Good listening helps
counselors to understand the concerns being
presented.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Respect. In all circumstances, clients must be
treated with respect, no matter how peculiar,
strange, disturbed, or utterly different from
the counselor. Without this basic elements,
successful counseling is impossible.
Counselors do not have to like the client, or
their values, or their behavior, but they have
to put their personal feelings aside and treat
the client with respect.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Empathy and positive regard. Carl Rogers
combined empathy and positive regard as
two principles that should go along with
respect and effective listening skills.
Empathy requires the counselor to listen and
understand the feelings and perspective of the
client and positive regard is an aspect of
respect. For Rogers, clients have to be given
both “unconditional positive regard” and be
treated with respect.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Clarification, confrontation and
interpretation.
Clarification is an attempt of the
counselor to restate what the client is
either saying or feeling, so the client may
learn something to understand the issue
better. Confrontation and interpretation
are other more advanced principles used
by the counselors in their intervention.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Transference and countertransference.
Other advanced principles deal with
transference and countertransference. When
clients are helped to understand transference
reactions, they are empowered to gain
understanding of the important aspects of their
emotional life. Countertransference helps
both clients and counselors to understand the
emotional and perceptional reactions and how
to effectively manage them.
CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
1. Respect for human dignity. This means
that the counselor must provide a client
unconditional positive regard, compassion,
non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.
2. Partnership. A counselor has to foster
partnerships with the various disciplines
that come together to support an integrated
healing that encompasses various aspects
such as the physical, emotional, spiritual,
and intellectual.
CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
These relationships should be of integrity,
sensitivity, and openness to ensure help,
healing, and growth of clients.
3. Autonomy. This entails respect for
confidentiality and trust in a relationship of
counseling and ensuring a safe environment
that this needed for healing. It also means
that healing and any advice cannot be
imposed on a client.
CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
4. Responsible caring, This primarily means
respecting the potential of every human
being to change and to continue learning
throughout his/her life, and especially in
the environment of counseling.
5. Personal integrity. Counselors must reflect
personal integrity, honestly, and
truthfulness with clients.
CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
6. Social justice. This means accepting and
respecting the diversity of the clients, the
diversity of individuals, their cultures,
personalities, and capabilities regardless of
the presented issues.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

Counselors shall:
1. Act with care and respect for individual and
cultural differences and the diversity of
human experience.
2. Avoid doing harm in all their professional
work.
3. Respect the confidence with which they are
entrusted.
4. Promote the safety and well-being of
individuals, families, and communities.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

5. Seek to increase the range of choices and

opportunities for clients.
6. Be honest and trustworthy in all their
professional relationships.
7. Practice within the scope of their
competence.
8. Treat colleagues and other professionals
with respect.
WHIP-IT
Name different life situations or life events
when a person might need to seek the help
of a professional counselor. List down as
many as you can within three minutes.
ACTIVITY
Invite school counselor in the class. casually
interview him/her about the principles and factors
that make counseling successful. Jot down the
answers and compare with what you learned in class.

What contributes to Successful Counseling

Learning from the Learning from the Learning from the
class counselor counselee

1.
2.