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    Bryophyta

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    prathitapril
    Bryophyta are the first land plants that originated from aquatic plants. They are characterized by the presence of air canals and flagellated male gametes. Bryophyta have a haploid gametophyte phase that produces gametes and a diploid sporophyte phase attached to the gametophyte. The sporophyte produces haploid spores via meiosis that germinate to form new gametophytes, completing their life cycle with alternation of generations between the haploid and diploid phases. There are three divisions of bryophytes distinguished by their method of spore germination and growth.

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    Bryophyta

    Uploaded by

    prathitapril
    25 views3 pages
    Bryophyta are the first land plants that originated from aquatic plants. They are characterized by the presence of air canals and flagellated male gametes. Bryophyta have a haploid gametophyte phase that produces gametes and a diploid sporophyte phase attached to the gametophyte. The sporophyte produces haploid spores via meiosis that germinate to form new gametophytes, completing their life cycle with alternation of generations between the haploid and diploid phases. There are three divisions of bryophytes distinguished by their method of spore germination and growth.

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    Bryophyta class 11 cbse biology

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    Bryophyta are the first land plants that originated from aquatic plants. They are characterized by the presence of air canals and flagellated male gametes. Bryophyta have a haploid gametophyte phase that produces gametes and a diploid sporophyte phase attached to the gametophyte. The sporophyte produces haploid spores via meiosis that germinate to form new gametophytes, completing their life cycle with alternation of generations between the haploid and diploid phases. There are three divisions of bryophytes distinguished by their method of spore germination and growth.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views3 pages

    Bryophyta

    Uploaded by

    prathitapril
    Bryophyta are the first land plants that originated from aquatic plants. They are characterized by the presence of air canals and flagellated male gametes. Bryophyta have a haploid gametophyte phase that produces gametes and a diploid sporophyte phase attached to the gametophyte. The sporophyte produces haploid spores via meiosis that germinate to form new gametophytes, completing their life cycle with alternation of generations between the haploid and diploid phases. There are three divisions of bryophytes distinguished by their method of spore germination and growth.

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    BRYOPHYTA

     They are sciophytes – they prefer to grow in moist and shady places.
     First land plant. Originated from aquatic plants.
     Presence of air canal, formation of motile, flagellated male gametes.
     Amphibians of the plant kingdom – Live in soil but are dependent on water for
    fertilisation.
     Not considered as successful land plants:
    Due to absence of vascular tissue, they cannot grow very tall.
    Water conduction in bryophytes takes place with the help of parenchyma – a living
    tissue.
     Plant body is more differentiated than that of algae. It is attached to substratum by
    unicellular or multicellular rhizoids.
     Lack true root, stem or leaf. They possess root-like, stem-like, and leaf-like structures.
    Main plant body (Gametophyte):
     Haploid
     Produces gametes.
     Multicellular and jacketed sex organs are found on gametophyte.
    Male sex organ  Antheridium  produces biflagellate antherozoids.
    Female sex organ  Archegonium  flask shaped, produces a single egg.
     Antherozoids are released in water where they come in contact with the
    archegonium.
     Fertilisation is done by zoidogamy: male gamete swims into water to reach the
    female gamete and fertilises it.
     Diploid zygote is formed which does not go under meiosis immediately. They produce
    a multicellular body called Sporophyte.
     Sporophyte
    - Not free living but attached to photosynthetic gametophyte and derives
    nourishment from it.
    - Made of foot, seta, and capsule so it’s called sporogonium.
    - Some cells present in capsule of sporophyte function as spore mother cells and
    undergo reduction division to produce haploid spores. These spores germinate to
    produce gametophytes.
     Germination
    - Direct
    In liverworts and Hornworts each spore forms a gametophyte after germination.
    Each spore forms one thallus.
    - Indirect
    In Mosses a multicellular filament is formed after
    the germination of the spore called ‘protonema’.
    Now, lateral buds are formed on protonema. Each
    bud develops and forms a gametophyte plant.
    Best for survival. Mosses are gregarious, i.e.,
    appear in groups.
    - Protonema developed from spores  Primary
    protonema.
    Protonema developed from other parts  Secondary protonema.
    Protonema is creeping, green, branched, and filamentous.
     Sexual reproduction  Oogamous
     Life cycle  Haplodiplontic
     Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte. This is a unique character of
    bryophytes.
     Bryophytes show Alternation of Generation.
    3 types of
    Bryophytes
    Psilotum

    Hepaticopsida
    (Liverworts)

    Anthocerotopsida
    (Hornworts)

    Bryopsida
    (Mosses)

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