TOEFL EXERCISE 1 Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence. 1.

Mark Twain _____ the years after the Civil War the Gilded Age. (A) called (B) calling (C) he called (D) his calls 2. Early ____ toes instead of hooves on their feet. (A) horses (B) had horses (C) horses had (D) horses having 3. ______ grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer. (A) Above tundra plants (B) Tundra plants (C) Tundra plants are found (D) For tundra plants 4. In 1867, ____ Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million. (A) purchased the United States (B) to purchase the United States (C) the United States purchase of (D) the United States purchased 5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the specialization of _____. (A) occupations (B) occupies (C) they occupied (D) it occupied them 6. The large carotid artery ____ to the main parts of the brain. (A) carrying blood (B) blood is carried (C) carries blood (D) blood carries

7. _____ radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy. (A) Marconis development (B) The development by Marconi (C) Developing Marconi (D) Marconi developed 8. In 1975, the first successful space probe to ____ beginning to send information back to Earth. (A) Venus (B) Venus the (C) Venus was (D) Venus it was 9. The two biggest resort _____ Arkansas are Hot Springs and Eureka Springs. (A) in (B) towns in (C) towns are (D) towns are in 10. NASAS Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center _________ control center for the Mercury Gemini, and Apollo space flights. (A) it was at the (B) it was the (C) was the (D) the

11. The first _____ appeared during the last period of the dinosaurs reign. (A) flowers are plants (B) plants have flowers (C) plants flowers (D) flowering plants 12. The earliest medicines _____ from plants of various sorts. (A) obtaining (B) they obtained (C) were obtained (D) they were obtained 13. Simple sails were made from canvas _____ over a frame. (A) a stretch (B) stretched (C) was stretched (D) it was stretched 14. Plutos moon, Charon, _____ in a slightly elliptical path around the planet. (A) moving (B) is moving (C) it was moving (D) in its movement 15. Techniques of breath control form an essential part of any _____ program to improve the voice. (A) it trains (B) train (C) trains (D) training 16. Robert E. Lee ____ the Confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse. (A) surrendered (B) he surrendered (C) surrendering (D) surrender 17. The pituitary gland, _____ the brain, releases hormones to control other glands. (A) found below (B) it is found below (C) its foundation below (D) finds itself below 18. At around two years of age, many children regularly produce sentences _____ three or four words. (A) are containing (B) containing (C) contain. (D) contains planet. 19. Multinational companies ________ it increasingly important to employ internationally acceptable brand names. (A) finding (B) are finding (C) they find (D) they are finding 20. The cornea is located under the conjunctiva, on ______ of the eye. (A) the part is exposed (B) exposed the part (C) the exposed part (D) exposes the part 21. _____ first settled the Hawaiian Islands between A.D. 300 and 750. (A) The Polynesians (B) The Polynesians arrived (C) Because of the Polynesians

(D) It was the Polynesians 22. In 1066, a bright comet _____ in the sky attracted much attention. (A) was appearing (B) appears (C) it appeared (D) appearing 23. In some daguerreotype cameras, _____ through a hole in the back of the box. (A) the objects view (B) the object was viewed (C) from the view of the object (D) viewed the object 24. In the Stone Age, stone tools _____ with other rock materials. (A) polishing (B) they polished (C) for polish (D) were polished 25. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic ____ Savannah, in 1819. (A) was the (B) it was the (C) the (D) in it the 26. The Earths plates meet each other at cracks in the Earth _____ faults. (A) were called (B) calls (C) called (D) it was called 27. The first plant-like organisms probably _____ in the sea, perhaps 3 billion years ago. (A) life (B) living (C) lived (D) it was living 28. In male pattern baldness, ______strongly influences the degree of hair loss. (A) heredity (B) inherited (C) inherits (D) heredity has 29. In Watch the Skies, Curtis Peebles ______attempt to explain Americas belief in flying saucers. (A) makes a fascinating (B) making a fascinating (C) fascination with making (D) fascination made a 30. The irregular coastline of _____ a succession of bays and inlets, with the hook of the Cape Cod peninsula in the southeast. (A) Massachusetts (B) Massachusetts is (C) Massachusetts it is (D) Massachusetts on TOEFL EXERCISE 2 Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence. 1. A spacecraft is freed from friction ____ launched into space. (A) it (B) it is (C) after is (D) after it is 2. ____ with their surroundings, or they hide in crevices for protection. (A) Lobsters

(B) Lobsters blend (C) Lobsters blending (D) Because lobsters blend 3. _____ a ball-and-socket joint, the elbow is a simple hinge joint. (A) While the shoulder (B) While the shoulder is (C) The shoulder is (D) The shoulder 4. A car has several sections with moving parts, ......... of those parts is essential. (A) good lubrication (B) well lubricated (C) and good lubrication (D) and well lubricated 5. Bears cannot see well _____ small eyes. (A) bears have (B) because having (C) because they have (D) because of bears 6. _____ at the Isthmus of Panama, so animals were able to migrate between North and South America. (A) A land bridge existed (B) When a land bridge existed (C) A land bridge (D) With a land bridge 7. ...........mostly made of granite, it also contains some human-made materials. (A) The Empire State Building (B) The Empire State Building is (C) Although the Empire State Building is (D) Although the Empire State Building is built 8. Pressure differences make the eardrum vibrate _____ the ear. (A) enters the sound waves (B) as sound waves (C) sound waves enter (D) as sound waves enter 9. An optical microscope magnifies as much as 2,000 times, but an electron microscope ..........as much as a million times. (A) magnifying (B) it magnifies (C) can magnify (D) magnify it 10. If scientific estimates are accurate, ___ _ with the Earth about 20,000 years ago. (A) the Canon Diablo meteorite collided (B) the collision of the Canon Diablo meteorite (C) the Canon Diablo meteorite colliding (D) colliding the Canon Diablo meteorite 11. _____ of the Pueblo Indians centered on intensive agriculture. (A) The economic activity (B) Because the economic activity (C) The economy was active (D) When the economic activity 12. In popular terminology, any long snowstorm with ____ is called a blizzard. (A) the amount of wind is large (B) a large amount of wind (C) it is very windy (D) very windy 13. Nuclear power can be produced by fusion, _____ produced by fission.

(A) it can also be (B) it can also (C) and it can also be (D) and it can also 14. _____, igneous rocks may be changed into gneisses. (A) The temperature is high (B) If the temperature is high (C) High temperatures (D) If high temperature 15. In 1905, Henry Flagler _____ his plans to extend his Florida East Coast Railway out across the sea to Key West. (A) it was announced (B) announcement (C) the announcement of (D) announced 16. The sound ____ from a vibrating object will be high or low depending on the number of vibrations. (A) Comes (B) it is coming (C) is coming (D) coming 17. During the late 1880s, urban streetcars were electrified through ______ large motors. (A) they used (B) used (C) the use of (D) when they used 18. _____ almost 274 square miles, but 96 percent of the park is under water. (A) Although Biscayne National Park encompasses (B) Biscayne National Park encompasses (C) Biscayne National Park encompassing (D) Biscayne National Park 19. Legislation _______ in 1916 and 1917 gave the Wilson administration authority to intervene in the national economy if it proved necessary. (A) it was passed (B) was passed (C) passed (D) passes 20. Because a family of birds set up housekeeping in Joel Chandler Harriss mailbox when the birds were in need of a place to stay, ______ the Wrens Nest. (A) the home is named (B) so the home is named (C) naming the home (D) the homes name 21. Today, the true story of _____ at Little Bighorn remains a mystery. (A) Happened (B) it happened (C) what happened (D) what happening 22. For more than a decade, ____ that certain species are becoming scarce. (A) the warnings of bird-watchers (B) warn the bird-watchers (C) birdwatchers have warned (D) a warning for bird-watchers 23. Early in the eighteenth century, Halley accurately predicted when ____ of 1682 would return. (A) the comet (B) was the comet

(C) the comet was (D) had the comet 24. No single factor explains why _____ vary so greatly among individuals. (A) aging affects (B) the effects of aging (C) aging has an effect (D) the aging effect 25. Lack of clarity about ____ the party in the coming year will be removed at the partys convention. (A) will lead (B) lead (C) they will lead (D) who will lead 26. We do not ____ the bow drill was first developed for woodworking or fire making. (A) whether it (B) know whether it (C) know whether (D) sure whether 27. Minute Man National Historical Park is a monument to where _____ (A) the beginning of the Revolutionary War (B) in the beginning of the Revolutionary War (C) the Revolutionary War to begin (D) the Revolutionary War began 28. Tests on the colors of cars were conducted at the University of California to determine _____ the safest colors for cars. (A) which (B) which were (C) if (D) how were 29. The National Institute of Dental Research estimates _____ in fluoridated areas have about 25 percent less tooth decay than children elsewhere. (A) for school children (B) school childrens (C) that school children (D) that for school children 30. The process of photosynthesis explains how ____ able to use the energy in sunlight to manufacture foods from the simple chemicals in air and water. (A) green plants (B) green plants are (C) planting greens (D) with green plants are

TOEFL EXERCISE 3
Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence. 1. Air near the equator ____ a faster west-to-east motion than air farther from the equator. (A) to have (B) it has (C) has (D) having 2. About 4000 B.C., humans discovered that ____ obtained from special rocks called ores. (A) metals could be (B) the ability of metallic (C) possibly metallic (D) could metals be 3. ____ quickly after an animal dies. (A) In the degradation of DNA

(B) Degrading DNA (C) DNA degrades (D) For DNA to degrade 4. ____ aerodynamic design has contributed greatly to reducing resistance to motion. (A) Improved (B) It improves (C) Improvement (D) They improve 5. The southern part of Florida is much warmer in the winter than the northern part, so more _____ to the south. (A) flocking tourists (B) touring flocks (C) flocks of tourists (D) tourists flock 6. The Moons gravity pulls water on the near side of the Earth toward the Moon, and this is what _____ tides to occur. (A) the cause (B) causes (C) causing (D) the cause of

7. ____, they pick up fragments of rock which become frozen into the base of the ice. (A) Glaciers move (B) Glaciers moving (C) They were glaciers (D) As glaciers move 8. The tape measure first evolved from ____ used by the Egyptians. (A) the chains measure (B) the chains are measured (C) the chains are measuring (D) the measuring chains 9. A typical Atlantic hurricane starts as a low pressure system near _____. (A) Africa coasts (B) coast to Africa (C) the African coast (D) Africa has a coast 10. It is not clear whether the subdivisions of the neocortex _____ units. (A) individual (B) are individual (C) they are individual (D) individually 11. Modern humans, who first appeared about 600,000 years ago, _____ Homo sapiens. (A) calling (B) were called (C) they called (D) they were called 12. The first writing _____ evidence of is on Mesopotamian clay tablets. (A) we (B) that we (C) has (D) that we have 13. _____ drought-resistant plants which store water in fleshy tissue. (A) Succulents are (B) Succulents (C) They are succulents (D) Succulents which are

14. Benjamin Kabelsky, whom ____ as Jack Benny, was a famous comedian in vaudeville and on radio and television. (A) most peoples knowledge (B) most people know (C) knowing most people (D) the knowledge of most people 15. _____ that hunted other animals tended to have very narrow, sharp, curved claws. (A) For dinosaurs (B) Dinosaurs are known (C) Dinosaurs (D) Like dinosaurs 16. The first eyeglasses had convex lenses for the aged who ____ farsighted. (A) had become (B) they had become (C) becoming (D) it became 17. Chimney Rock, ____ 500 feet above the North Platte River, has eroded considerably in the last two centuries. (A) stands (B) is standing (C) it stands (D) which stands 18. _____ that accompany recurring bouts of severe depression reduce bone density. (A) It changes hormones (B) Hormonal changes (C) The hormones change (D) The change in hormones is 19. Willa Cather is an author _____ for her evocative and memorable vision of frontier prairie life. (A) whom readers (B) the praise of readers (C) whom praisings (D) whom readers praise 20. Marss tiny moon Phobos is a small mountain of rock that _____ from the asteroid belt by Marss gravitational pull. (A) was probably captured (B) it probably (C) the probable capture (D) probably the capture 21. _____ is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy. (A) Annapolis (B) Because of Annapolis (C) Why Annapolis (D) Because Annapolis 22. Some scientists think _____ be a planet but a moon of Neptune. (A) that Pluto does not seem. (B) not Pluto (C) Pluto that might not (D) that Pluto might not 23. With _____ of sophisticated oil lamps, elaborate tools were made to cut the wicks. (A) appeared (B) the appearance (C) the appearance was (D) it appeared 24. Fort Union was the site of what ____ principal fur-trading post on the upper Missouri River. (A) the (B) being the (C) was the

(D) it was the 25. Since _____ commercial risk, it has to appeal to a large audience to justify its cost. (A) the face of the movie (B) moving faces (C) a movie faces (D) to face a movie 26. A current of water known as the Gulf Stream comes up from the Gulf of Mexico, and then ____ the North Atlantic toward Europe. (A) it crosses (B) crossing (C) with its crosses (D) crosses it 27. Systems ____ the two symbols 0 and 1 are called binary number systems. (A) use (B) they use (C) uses (D) using 28. Genes, _____ the blueprints for cell construction, exist in tightly organized packages called chromosomes. (A) are (B) they are (C) which (D) which are 29. The Earths atmosphere consists of gases _____ in place around the Earth by the gravitational pull of the planet. (A) held (B) hold (C) it holds (D) the hold 30. Oscar Hammerstein II collaborated with a number of composers including Jerome Kern, whom _____ in writing the musical Show Boat. (A) joined (B) was joined (C) he joined (D) joining

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