The Philadelphia Academy of Music, ___ in 1657, is the oldest continuously operating music hall in the United States.

(A) was opened

(B) opened it
(C) which opened
(D) and opened

___ 165 pairs of striated muscles in the human body

(A) Approximately
(B) Approximately the
(C) Are the approximately
(D) There are approximately

Carson City, ___ a population of approximately 45,000 in 1995, is the capital of the state of Nevada.

(A) a city that had

(B) a city had
(C) had the city
(D) a city such as had

One way scientists classify living organisms is on the basis of __ their essential nutrients.

(A) they obtain

(B) which they obtain
(C) how they obtain
(D) do obtain

The name "squirrel" is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in trees, ___ it is equally accurate
for ground-dwelling types.

(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of

Horticulture played a crucial role in ___ ancient American Indian cultures.

(A) many
(B) many of them
(C) many of
(D) many the

Documentary evidence supports claims that ___ the New World more than a thousand years ago

(A) reached the Vikings

(B) the Vikings reached
(C) reaching the Vikings
(D) the Vikings that reached

Rain forms when __ swept high in a cloud, cooling the air and condensing water vapor.

(A) warm air is

(B) is warm air
(C) the air warmed
(D) warming air
Geological chronology, ___ the entire history of Earth, is a science dealing with periods of time ranging into the millions
of years.

(A) covering
(B) is covering
(C) which covering
(D) covering when

___opera to a wider audience, Beverly Sills promoted live television broadcasts and the production of operas in English
translation

(A) The bringing of

(B) How she brought
(C) Being brought
(D) To bring

Helium is not flammable and, next to hydrogen, is ___

(A) known the lightest gas

(B) lightest the known gas
(C) the lightest gas known
(D) the known gas lightest

Not until the early twentieth century ___ the cost-cutting potential offered by mass-production techniques.

(A) when furniture designers realized

(B) furniture designers realized
(C) had realized furniture designers
(D) did furniture designers realize

The United States Department of the Interior designated the Brooklyn Bridge __ in 1964

(A) was a national historic landmark

(B) a national historic landmark
(C) which a national historic landmark
(D) a national historic landmark which

Dairy cows have the ability to produce milk ___ in excess of what is required for nursing calves.

(A) as far as
(B) as far
(C) far as
(D) far

The Expressionistic artist was concerned not with the reality of the subject matter but with ___ inner nature and the
emotions that it aroused.

(A) it has
(B) its
(C) what its
(D) is it whether

___ has traditionally been celebrated in the United States by parades and meetings at which prominent labor leaders
and political figures speak.

(A) Labor Day

(B) When Labor Day
(C) It is Labor Day
(D) Labor Day, which

Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, ____ an image of the heart by transmitting and receiving sound
waves.
 (A) producing
(B) produces
(C) produced by
(D) to produce

Joshua Tree National Park, situated three hours east of Los Angeles, California, encompasses parts of both the Mojave
Desert ___ the Colorado Desert.

(A) to
(B) until
(C) with
(D) and

The development of a parasite cannot be completed ___ some time is spent on or in the body of a living organism,
known as the host.

(A) but it is
(B) without which
(C) unless
(D) except is

In 1925, Florence Sabin became ___ elected to lifetime membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences.

(A) the first woman was

(B) her the first woman that
(C) the first woman
(D) she was the first woman

The mineral azurite is ___ the more abundant green copper carbonate, malachite.

(A) almost always found with

(B) always with almost found
(C) found with always almost
(D) with always found almost

United States federal judges hold their positions during “good behavior”, which generally means ___ serve for life.

(A) that they are

(B) that they
(C) that
(D) do they

In very loud sounds, the ear often perceives additional tones, or harmonics beyond ___ in the original sound.

(A) actually present

(B) those actually present
(C) some of the actually present
(D) they are actually present ones

A central figure of abstract expressionism, Jackson Pollock created art ___ intensely personal and at times violently
emotional and anarchic.

(A) that it was

(B) was
(C) that was
(D) of which

___ buying patterns and consumer attitudes, market researchers often organize consumer discussion panels.
 (A) The investigation of
(B) How to investigate
(C) When the investigation of
(D) To investigate

The refraction of light in a prism reveals ___ white light is a mixture of many different colors of light.

(A) ordinary that

(B) that is ordinary
(C) is ordinary
(D) that ordinary

The potter’s wheel, ___ in the fourth millenium B.C, is a flat disc that revolves horizontally on a pivot.

(A) invented
(B) was inventing
(C) which invented
(D) was invented

___ two people, not even identical twins, share the same fingerprints.

(A) No
(B) There are no
(C) Although no
(D) Of no

___ Pennsylvania’s population is concentrated in and around Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

(A) Of almost half

(B) Almost of half
(C) Almost half of
(D) Half of almost

Following the Second World War, ____ resurgence of interest in studying the family unit as a social Institution in the
United States.

(A) a
(B) there was a
(C) by a
(D) how a

In infants the brain, the mind, and social-emotional behavior develop ____ .

(A) as together
(B) and being together
(C) together
(D) together with which

____ New Deal was a program adopted in the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to alleviate the effects of the
Great Depression.

(A) The
(B) If the
(C) When the
(D) Whereby the

In her novel My Antonia, Willa Cather expresses ____ for the strength and selflessness characteristic of many immigrant
settlers of the American Middle West.
 (A) sensitively admires
(B) sensitive and admiration
(C) it is sensitive admiration
(D) sensitive admiration

The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ____.

(A) 18 feet up to high

(B) to high 18 feet up
(C) up to 18 feet high
(D) 18 feet high up to

Many books in the late Middle Ages were works of art, which ____ by professional scribes, artists, and jewelers.

(A) usually creating

(B) they usually create
(C) usually created
(D) were usually created

Long before written records were kept, ____ undoubtedly intrigued by the activities of marine animals.

(A) humans were

(B) there were humans who
(C) humans which
(D) and were humans

Hail occurs when alternating strong updrafts and downdrafts cause ice crystals to pass repeatedly through atmospheric
layers ____ supercooled water.

(A) that contain

(B) contain
(C) that they contain
(D) in which contain

The Aztecs of Mexico commonly used turqoise for their mosaic art ____ introduced the stone to the people of
surrounding areas.

(A) while
(B) and
(C) also
(D) since

Fat is the most concentrated source of food energy, ____ nine calories per gram.

(A) supplies
(B) supplying
(C) that to supply
(D) that it supplies

All the paper manufactured until 1845 was textile-fiber paper, but in the mid-1840s ____ of ground pulp, made by
grinding wood.

(A) came the invention

(B) the invention that came
(C) when did the invention come
(D) when the invention that came
The names of traditional patchwork quilt patterns for bedspreads such as “Morning Star” or “Wrench” often make ____
their source of inspiration in everyday objects.

(A) clear
(B) clearly
(C) it clear
(D) it seem clearly

Judy Garland, among ____ in the history of popular music in the United States, began her career at age four, singin in
her father’s theater.

(A) singers notable the most

(B) the notable most singers
(C) most the notable singers
(D) the most notable singers

_____ was the most important economic activity in the United States until about 1890.

(A) Agriculture, which

(B) If agriculture
(C) Agriculture
(D) There was agriculture

In the spring of 1887, toward the end of his second year at the University of Wisconsin, Frank Lloyd Wright came to
Chicago with the intention of _____ an architect.

(A) becoming
(B) become
(C) to become
(D) became

The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a similar interior, including an iron-nickel
core.

(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than

The tradition of the bowhead whale hunt ______ back a thousand years and is a vital part of Inuit culture.

(A) goes
(B) if it goes
(C) gone
(D) that went

Among the 450 artworks in the White House art collection _____.

(A) as is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children

(B) is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
(C) which is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
(D) Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children

Geothermal Energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source _____ been tapped by humans for centuries but, until
recent years, only on a small scale.

(A) has it
(B) has
(C) that has
(D) that it has
_______ landslides occur where building development alters natural slopes or groundwater conditions.

(A) Of the many

(B) Many of them
(C) Many of
(D) Many

_______ nerve pathways connect the eye directly to the pineal gland, that gland is extremely sensitive to light.

(A) Because
(B) That
(C) How
(D) By

The most common kinds of libraries are the public libraries and _____ the government, schools, and colleges or
universities.

(A) which of
(B) those of
(C) which
(D) of which

Soft and silvery-white, lithium quickly becomes covered with a gray oxidation layer when _______.

(A) exposed to air

(B) exposure to air
(C) air that exposes
(D) is exposed to air

The development of electrotyping in the nineteenth century made _____ the inexpensive reproduction of bronze
sculptures through the mass production of copies.

(A) possible
(B) it was possible
(C) being possible
(D) possible by

The midge, _____ to any of several species of small flies, refers to a mosquito-like insect with slender wings and body,
long legs, and antennae.

(A) which a term applied

(B) a term applied
(C) is a term applied
(D) applied a term

The modern automobile is a ______ composed of more than 14,000 parts.

(A) complex technical system

(B) system of complex technical
(C) complex technical system that
(D) system is technically complex

A short story _____ a moral or lesson is called a fable.

(A) that illustrate

(B) illustrates
(C) that it illustrates
(D) illustrating
From the earliest times, ________ to understand how the human body is made and how it works.

(A) having people try

(B) people have tried
(C) having tried people
(D) when people have tried

The mass of a subatomic particle is equivalent to the energy content of the particle when is at rest.

The choreographer George Balanchine created more than 150 works for the New York City Ballet, that which he was a
founder.

Both mapple syrup or mapple sugar were important trade items in North America until the late 1800s, when white cane
sugar became less expensive.

Carrot juice has a highest vitamin A content and therefore is especially good for the eyes.

In June 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in the Bear Flag Revolt and proclaiming
California an independent republic.

It is thought that musical instruments possibly exist as early as 35,000 years ago, a date that coincides with evidence of
the first prehistoric art.

Robert Lowell’s carefully wrought poems, combining aspiration and common sense, are notable for them religious
imagery.

Urban anthropology, whose focuses on the city as the locus of research, is a relatively new but important subfield of
cultural anthropology.

Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increase our knowledge of human reproductive and
development as well as our uderstanding of the nervous system.

Next to their vastness, the most striking feature of oceans and another large bodies of water is of the constant motion of
their surface.

Shirley Chisholm, the first African American female member of the United States House of Representatives,
unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nominate for president in 1972.

Chemical and tactile camouflage allows the assassin bug to reach into the opening of a termite nest and capture a
termite workers.

Because of their beauty, diamonds are prized as jewels, and because of their hard, they make ideal abrasives for cutting,
grinding, and drilling.

Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on society as the rapid grow of electronics.

Varying a camera’s shutter speed controls the film’s exposure to light and determines the speed of action that the
photograph can reproduce without blur the image.

Found in the palm of the hand at the base of the thumb, the first metacarpal bone supports muscles that enable humans
to grasp objects firm.

Built between 1817 and 1825, the Erie Canal had an enormously influence on New York City’s role as a port and financial
center.
Louisiana’s long and varied history, diverse population, abundant energy resources, and strategic located at the mouth
of the Mississipi are valued attributes.

The soil in which coffee is grown must be rich, moisture, and absorbent enough to absorb water radily, but sufficiently
loose to allow rapid drainage.

A plant exhibits the reflex reaction called tropism when moves toward or away from an external stimulus such as
sunlight.

Oak and walnut, both of which lend themselves to carving, were preferred woods for furniture the Gothic period.

In the 1840s and 1850s, the farms accessible to Portland, Oregon, had been settled primarily by rural family that had
come overland in wagon trains.

Nineteenth-century newspapers, almanacs, and scientific journals carried frequently stories or ran columns devoted to
paintings, drawing, and the decorative arts.

Under the certain conditions, a rainbow appears at the end of a rain shower in the quarter of the sky opposite to the
Sun.

Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most important reasons for their success is
their well-developed sensory system.

Jupiter, the bigger planet in the solar system, is more than 1,300 times the size of Earth.

The organism what has the most chromosomes is a species of fern.

Modern chairs are designed to conform to the structure of the body, thus providing support at anatomically correct
point.

Canada contains more lakes and inland waters than any another country.

Among the mid-eighteenth century, the city of Boston was a major part in the United States, although it was smaller
than New York or Philadelphia.

Birth in Quincy, Massachusetts, the artist May Stevens attended the Massachusetts College of Art in Boston and moved
to New York in 1947.

The history of computing instruments may be considered to begin with the abacus, where originated in Asia more than
5,000 years ago.

Business has been dominant influence in the development of the economy of the United States and in many ways has
shaped the character of the society.

The school of psychology called utilitarianism argues what the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people is
the foundation of morality.

Folk songs and folk music are constantly changing as ever-varying cultural representations of the society in which they
are reform.

Canada’s Saint Lawrence River varies in wide from as little as one-third of a mile at Quebec City to as much as 40 miles
farther downstream.
The Utah Central Railroad began operating early in 1870 and inspired to construct of a series of additional feeder
railroads during the 1870s.

In addition to having a thoroughly knowledge of general medicine, a pediatrician is trained to understand and treat
children’s physical, emotional, and developmental problems.

Ellis Island was became the gateway to a new way of life for more than 12 million immigrants who came to settle in the
United States.

During the period from 1860 to 1900, the number of monthly magazine published in the United States increased from
280 to 1,800.

Harney Peak, the most highest point in the Black Hills of western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, is 7,242 feet
above sea level.

International law stems from three main sources: treaties and international conventions, customs and customary usage,
and the generally accept principles of law and equity.

It was only after 1783, when the conclusion of the American Revolution, that the art of potrait painting in the former
British colonies began to florish.

The pituitary gland is sometimes called the master gland of the body because all the other endocrine gland depend on
its secretions for stimulation.

The size of a meteor can be estimated from its height, brightness, and distant.

Sorghums are grown in much the manner same as corn is.

An art movement initiated in the 1960 that stressed pure colorful and geometry, minimalism rejected emotionalism and
strove for an absolute and timeless quality.

In every societies governments provide such services as nation defense, education, police and fire protection, and
administration of justice.

Mechanical advances made it possible to improve illustrations in newspapers were a major achievement of the 1880s.