1.

2 How the critical evaluation of new and emerging technologies informs design decisions,
considering contemporary and potential future scenarios from different perspectives, such as
ethics and the environment.

- Why do we need to evaluate new and emerging technologies before designing a product ?

This is important because it allows the new technology to support the designer. You have to
think about what things will come your way, and what things will make your product possible.

Think about – The evolution of technology in machinery. 3 axises  6 axises  3D printer.

Two main design methods

Blue sky Designing – no concept about tools and materials, extreme innovation. Divergent, you
can pick up the process as you are not constrained by your own knowledge. It easier to
understand new and emerging technology.

Traditional / Constrained Designing - One where you know a lot about tools and process. Quite
constrained by the knowledge and understanding of the designer. It is harder to adopt to new
and emerging technologies.

Critical Evaluation : a process that identifies positives and negatives from a range of areas to
assess the suitability of concepts such as design, process, or material.

Budget constrains – it determines everything in design : cheapest materials, what is the most
cost effective, who is the product for, what is their budget limitations. To our transportation,
customer access point, it is all about money.

Example – a shop owner not putting an item until the margin was 200%

Crowd Funding – People who are not directly involved in the manufacturing of the product, who
are willing to provide financial aids for the manufacturing of the product, shows the interest of
people in the market.

Automation – Human intervention : press the “GO” button.

Demographic Movement - When people move their manufacturing unit if they get to know that
some other place is cheaper for them to manufacture. People move as they are attracted by
wage levels, or extra workforce is needed.

Video Conference – People don’t need to travel for a product, anything can be discussed over a
conference. They are use and time saving, and also saving money for the organization if the staff
were living in different countries.
Climate change :

They say that the new technologies can help us in predicting the weather, well actually, it is the
opposite! As the climate is becoming extreme.

Medical Advances :

Medical advances such as biotechnology improves health overall, the problem is that the longer
we live we stress the human resources.

Proxy War : The test of weaponries by lending some of it to the country already fighting a war.
This tests the weapons and allows us to assess the weapons.

Travel :

Started to kick off, died off in the pandemic. There is a practice to make electric airplanes. A380
was designed to drop people to certain hubs, the style of travel we do has changed (influenced
by the pandemic), they are getting less and less in use.

Global Warming :

Antarctica is melting, this is all about global warming, the cause of it is fossil fuels.

Communication:

Has changed drastically. There is more computer power in a phone that it was in the rocket that
was sent to moon. A phone can do many many things.

Fair Trade – you get a living wage, when the growers or makers get a living wage or a reasonable
proportion of the profit from the sales of the product.

Ethical Perspectives :

Companies that trade ethically are not totally driven by profit.

LOOK AT THE SLIDE OF ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES AND LOOK AT THE MIND MAP. LOOK AT
FAIRTRADE AND UNDERSTAND WHAT IT MEANS. COFFEE, BANANAS, AND CHOCOLATE.
GENTRIFICATION. INFLATION. AND COPY KEYPOINTS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS !!

3 - 6 NAMES OF THE COMPANIES THAT USE FAIRTRADE: COMPANY STATEMENT OF THE

We obtain energy from to different energy sources : Non-Renewable and Renewable.

Non-Renewable : Coal, Oil, Gas and Nuclear Energy

Renewable : Biomass, Solar and Wind.

Non-Renewable refers to the limited source of energy that are the cause of global warming.
They may run out with use.

A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment.

Fossil Fuels :

Fossil Fuels are a finite resource, meaning that they cannot be replaced one extracted from the
ground. E.g.,  Oil, Gas, and Coal.

Coal :

Generation of choice in the UK. You burn the coal, which releases heat energy, from which
water is heated, and turned into steam, which turns the turbine, which is connected to an
electric generator, which creates electricity.

Oil:

We use it a lot. Uses of oil: Aviation fuel, plastic, tarmac for roads, oils for paint, plastic for
clothes. Oil is mainly used for fuel or is turned into plastic. Plastic is everywhere.

Although a very small amount is used to heat water, create steam, and generate electricity by
turning the turbine.

Gas: Gas leaks are explosives; gas leaks are toxic.

Rocks with tiny pockets of air are pressured by water, forcing the gas to release, but the rocks
are also moved.

These rocks are shale and other types of sedimentary rock formation. The process of splitting
open rock formations with high pressure streams of water, chemical and sand is called Hydraulic
Fracturing or Fracking. The gas obtained is called shale gas.

There is a lot of discussion about whether or not this process should be used, with concerns
around damage to land and the release of harmful gases.
SLIDE 11 TABLE.

Renewables :

Wind: the bigger the better. The longer blades will go faster than the smaller one, if the wind
turbines turn supersonic, they will explode.

Solar: Photovoltaic: Electric, turning sun light to electricity. This is a more common one. You can
get plastic solar panels where they are very flexible and efficient.

Tidal: Tidal energy relies on the gravitational pull of the Moon, which causes the change in
water levels known as tides.

A tidal barrage is built across the mouth of a river where it meets the ocean. The barrage is
constructed so that the incoming tide passess through turbines to generate electricity. It also
harnesses the reverse flow of the water when the tide goes out.

Biomass : Cow dung, trees and vegetable scrap, and human waste. Anything that will be
biodegrade or can be burned, wood is very nearly carbon neutral. This all can be burned to
produce heat.

Plants such as rapeseed or willow are specifically grown as biomass crops so that they can be
burned in a furnace.

You cut the tree down, transport it and then burn it. This is why trees are “very nearly” carbon
neutral.

LOOK AT THE DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES AND EXAM QUESTIONS.

Hydroelectricity : This process includes a dam and a reservoir behind the dam. Once the water
has built up behind the dam. It is released by valves through turbines. The turbines turn
generators to produce electricity.

If there is an access amount of electricity, the energy is used to put water back the reservoir,
and that is reused to generate electricity again. It is like a battery, where it stores energy, and we
use it we there is a demand, and then we recharge it by putting the water back to use.

SLIDE 23 TABLE

Power systems : A power system is a network of components that supply, transfer and use
electric power. These include batteries and cells, solar cells, wind power and mains electricity.

The most common type of storage of energy is batteries.

Single – Use batteries sometimes referred to as primary types are commonly alkaline batteries
and these are readily available in supermarkets and shops.

Incorrect disposal of both rechargeable and single use batteries can lead to chemicals leaking
into the environment. E.g.,  water and soil.

Common forms of batteries used in homes are AA and AAA and both typically produce around
1.5 volts (V) per battery.

Batteries can be recycled to prevent them ending up in landfill sites. Batteries contain harmful
chemicals and metals that are bad for the environment if disposed of incorrectly ; these
elements can contaminate the ground or poison the wildlife that may eat them.

Batteries : are D.C. : Direct Current

Mains : are A.C. : Alternating Current

Solar : DC that we convert to AC.

Wind : 3 phase Ac

“Volt jolts, amps kill”.

Mains :

Mains electricity is supplied by the National Grid through the use of local power distribution
stations. Dry, Still air is insulator, and Moist air is a conductor. (Research)

Unlike batteries, which deliver direct current, mains power delivers alternating current.

Look at the last 2 slides