Imrad RDL2
Imrad RDL2
Imrad RDL2
A Research
presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
MUNTINLUPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
NBP Reservation, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
Lastname, Firstname MI
GAS120_
_______________________
Research Adviser
November 2022
ABSTRACT
(not more three hundred words, single-spaced)
According to cmu.edu (2018), 25% of the abstract should include the importance
of the research paper (Introduction), and the 25% describes what you did (Methods). The
35% must explain what you have found, which is the most important part of the abstract
(Result). The remaining 15% includes the implications of the research (Discussion).
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title Page 1
Abstract 2
Acknowledgement 3
I. Introduction
Literature Review
Synthesis
Research Paradigm
Research Hypothesis(es)
Definition of Terms
II. Method
Design
Respondents
Instruments
Data Analysis
III. Result
Teaching Modalities
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Academic Performance
IV. Discussion
References
Appendices
Students’ Profile
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I. INTRODUCTION
This is the description that leads the reader to understand the research questions
Begin with a hook. This may be “a striking fact relevant to your problem,” “a
striking quotation,” or “a relevant anecdote.” (Booth, Colomb, & Williams, 2008) The
hook may also be a recent news report highlighting the research topic/problem.
A. Global
B. National
C. Local
This section contains the purpose statement and the research question(s). What is
the essential question your study intends to answer? What specific questions lead to the
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
Example:
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Title: Utilization of E-books to Improve the Academic Performance of Grade 12 GAS
Students
books?
3. What is the academic performance of the students after the utilization of e-books?
Explicitly state the coverage of the study. What do you intend to include in the
study? What will not be included? This section must include details about the who, what,
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Significance of the Study
Cite benefits and beneficiaries of your research. Who will benefit from the results
Example:
1. Students - It will help them lessen their worries and negative attitude to adopt the
lesson.
2. Teachers
3. School Administration
Literature Review
Your objective here is to discuss what is already known about the research
topic/problem and to indicate the research gap your study intends to fill in.
Related Literature
This is a written summary of books, website and other documents that describe
the past and current state of information about the research topic. It should include
Related Study
This reports studies found relevant to the current study. Cite at least 3 foreign and
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Synthesis
According to Prieto, Naval & Carey (2017), synthesis refers to the bringing
together of materials from different sources, and the creation of an integrated whole.
Conceptual Framework
Your objective here is to provide a skeletal frame for your study that both you and
A. What are the key concepts/variables to be studied and how are they related? Draw
This is a diagram that connects variables of the study with lines (correlations) or
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OR
Output
Process
the Students Validation books
Respondents Implementation,
Utilization
Statistical
Treatment
B. What are the key concepts/variables to be studied and how are they related? Write
Research Hypothesis
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Definition of Terms
Example:
For the purposes of this study, the following terms are defined:
learning
3. E-book -
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II. METHODS
Design
methods. Why is this the most appropriate approach? What specific type of the research
design will you use? Why did you choose this specific methodology?
Example:
This study is quantitative in nature since the research question we seek to answer
association between senior high school students’ use of social media and their attention
span in class and assess whether the degree of association between these variables is
significant.
Cristobal & Cristobal (2016) defines correlation research as the research design
particular population.
The first step leading to the process of collecting quantitative data is to identify
the people and places you plan to study. This involves determining which group of
people you will study, who, specifically, these people are, and how many of them you
will need to involve. Describe the population, then the sample. What strategy did you
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choose to identify the sample size? Why and how did you choose them? What particular
Example:
The target population of the study are the senior high school students during the
Malabon City. These students belong to three different strands of the SHS program,
With a population size of 500, the researchers will consider a sample of 223
respondents determined using Slovin’s formula for computing sample size with a five
percent margin of error. These samples shall be randomly selected through stratified
random sampling with the SHS strands being used to define groups and SPSS to
The Instrument(s)
instruments will you use to gather data to answer your research questions? Describe the
instruments. Who developed the research instrument? How was it validated? What are
the major parts of your instruments (including the major variables and sub-variables to be
measured)? Why did you choose these instruments? What rating scale will you use?
Example:
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This study shall make use of two research instruments to provide data on the
respondents’ level of social media use. To measure the respondents’ attention span in
class, the researchers intend to use a mobile application. These instruments are further
the respondents’ level of social media use in terms of three factors: form of social media
use, frequency of use, and mode of use. It was developed and tested for validity and
reliability by Cruz (2012) for his research on the impact of social media usage on the
academic performance of Grade 10 students in the Philippines. Aside from being recent,
the researchers have decided to use the instruments because it has been constructed with
explaining the research, its rationale and purpose, and the general instructions on how to
fill out the form. The questionnaire is composed of four parts. Part one seeks to gather
data regarding the demographic profile of the respondents which includes their sex, age,
and SHS strand. Part two of the questionnaire lists down all available forms of social
media and instructs the respondent to check those which they use, as many as applies.
Part three seeks to determine how frequent the respondents use social media by asking
them to rate their level of frequency to 10 statements. Possible responses are limited to a
five-point Likert scale: (5) Always, (4) Often; (3) Sometimes; (2) Seldom; (1) Never.
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Clearly and completely describe how the intervention will be implemented, such that the
reader can replicate the intervention. Describe what happens in comparison group.
1. How many groups are there? Describe the group(s). If there are two, state the
2. What will happen to each group in the experiment that you intend to do? Discuss
3. Explain what each participant will do in each step. Also, describe how long each
Describe data collection procedure. What steps will be taken to collect data?
Where? When? How often? Who? Quickly describe whose permission will be sought and
particular to how the samples will be contacted and explain the process of administering
the questionnaires. How will the questionnaires be retrieved? What materials and
Example:
The process for gathering the needed data in the study is described in the following steps.
1. The researcher shall seek the permission of the authors of the instruments that will
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2. The researchers will secure permission of the university to obtain a list of SHS
students from which the samples will be selected. Also, a permission to conduct
data collection will be sought from the concerned officials of the school.
3. The questionnaires shall be distributed to the selected samples during one of their
classes with a permission from the facilitating professor and the note of approval
of the university.
4. Questionnaires shall be retrieved the same day as they were given to ensure a
Data Analysis
This section indicates how the data will be analyzed and reported; it should specify the
qualitative and/or quantitative methods that will be used in analyzing the data gathered
for the research. Result can be shown using tables and figures (pie chart, bar graph, line
Statement of Problem.
Following is a list of some of the statistical treatment that can be applied to answer
1. Descriptive Statistics
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a) Frequency counts or Percentage
2. Inferential statistics
significance.
Example:
To answer the questions presented under the Statement of the Problem, the following
1. Percentages will be used to present and analyze data regarding the demographic
the questionnaire and their attention span score while standard deviation will be
used to determine the degree of variability in these values. This mean shall be
interpreted as follows:
the degree of relationship between social media use and attention span. The
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III. RESULTS
In reporting the results, the researcher stays close to the statistical findings
without drawing broader implications or meaning from them. Further, this section
includes summaries of the data rather than the raw data. A results section include tables
Example 1
This chapter of the paper presents the data gathered from the 110 senior high school
students of Muntinlupa National High School who served as respondents of this research.
It also provides the analysis and interpretation of data that has been organized according to
questionnaire. This included data on sex, senior high school academic strand, and weekly
allowance. Although not central to this research, these data helped contextualize the
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OPTION 1
The respondents were asked to identify their sex. Figure 1 shows the distribution
47% Male
53% Female
Fifty-eight of the 110 senior high school students (53%) who participated in the
What does this tell you about your respondents? (Quite important if the sampling
used is purposive.)
What does this tell you about your respondents? (Quite important if the sampling
used is purposive.)
These respondents have been selected through purposive sampling with the
condition that they identify themselves to have taken an interest in KPOP music to a
certain degree. This implies that in the case of these respondents, there are more female
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senior high school students who have openly expressed their interest in this genre of
OPTION 2
The respondents who were randomly selected were asked to identify their sex and
the senior high school strand they belong to. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the
30 26
25 24
Frequency of Re-
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spondents
16 15
15 13
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10 Male
5 3 2 Female
0
ABM A&D HUMSS STEM
SHS Academic Strand
Figu
selected through stratified sampling. With a frequency of 50 that accounts for 45.45
percent of the total sample, majority of the respondents to the survey conducted in line
with this research belonged to the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM) strand.
the male respondents by a small margin. Continue if there are other details that you wish
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Example 2:
through the survey relevant to the respondents’ perception of online shopping. Information
regarding this variable is based on their responses to 24 items in the questionnaire. In each
of these statements, respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement along a five-
point Likert scale that includes Strongly Disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree
The distribution of respondents based on their responses, the mean and standard
deviation of their collective responses, and the interpretation of this mean based on the
1. [Actual
statement 1
in the survey 13 35 11 33 18 3.07 0.68 Neutral
questionnaire
]
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Table 1 shows the data on the responses of samples to the seven statements in the
questionnaire relative to their perception of how secure online shopping is. Based on the
information, the highest mean was recorded at 4.28 for the fifth statement. When
interpreted, this means that respondents strongly agree that imply statement here.
In general, the respondents registered a strong agreement toward four of the seven
statements. The weighted mean for these statements is computed at 3.85 with a standard
deviation of 0.71 implying that the respondents collectively agree that online shopping is a
Example 3:
High 75 35.55%
Moderate 94 44.55%
Low 42 19.9%
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IV. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It contains the conclusions drawn from the analysis and interpretation of the data
discussed in the result and/or discussion. While the recommendations of the researchers
Example
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
for the second term of the academic year 2017-2018 are females with the
terms of security, and convenience but do not perceive products sold online to
be of good quality.
Recommendations
1. Online retailers must improve the selection of the products they sell online by
raising quality standards that are in line with the expectations of consumers,
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including SHS students. What else can they do based on the conclusions
drawn?
“Significance of the Study?” What can you suggest to them based on your
conclusions?
their sales.
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References
https://www.researchregistry.pitt.edu/files/faqs.pdf
Appendices
Student Profile
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