Colegio de Dagupan: Master of Education

COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
Institute of Graduate Studies

Arellano Street, Dagupan City
MASTER OF EDUCATION
Major in Educational Leadership
Reporter: Thea Margareth V. Martinez

Cristito C. Martinez III
Subject: Educational Statistics with Software Application
Topic: Measures of Central Tendency
Professor: Dr. Victor BM Naron Jr.
I. INTRODUCTION
The field of statistics is the science of learning from data. Statistical knowledge
helps you use the proper methods to collect the data, employ the correct analyses, and
effectively present the results. Statistics is a crucial process behind how we make
discoveries in science, make decisions based on data, and make predictions. Statistics
allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.
II. DISCUSSION
What are the measures of central tendency?
A measure of central tendency (also referred to as measures of centre or central location)

is a summary measure that attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value
that represents the middle or centre of its distribution.
There are three main measures of central tendency: the mode, the median and the mean.
Each of these measures describes a different indication of the typical or central value in
the distribution.
1. What is the mode?

The mode is the most commonly occurring value in a distribution.
 Advantage of the mode:

The mode has an advantage over the median and the mean as it can be
found for both numerical and categorical (non-numerical) data.
 Limitations of the mode:

The are some limitations to using the mode. In some distributions, the mode
may not reflect the centre of the distribution very well. When the distribution of
retirement age is ordered from lowest to highest value, it is easy to see that the
centre of the distribution is 57 years, but the mode is lower, at 54 years.
2. What is the median?

The median is the middle value in distribution when the values are arranged in
ascending or descending order. The median divides the distribution in half (there are 50%
of observations on either side of the median value). In a distribution with an odd number
of observations, the median value is the middle value.
 Advantage of the median:
The median is less affected by outliers and skewed data than the mean, and is
usually the preferred measure of central tendency when the distribution is not
symmetrical.
 Limitation of the median:

The median cannot be identified for categorical nominal data, as it cannot be
logically ordered.
3. What is the mean?

The mean is the sum of the value of each observation in a dataset divided by the
number of observations. This is also known as the arithmetic average.
 Advantage of the mean:

The mean can be used for both continuous and discrete numeric data.
 Limitations of the mean:
The mean cannot be calculated for categorical data, as the values cannot
be summed.
III EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION/INSIGHTS
Like most people, you probably feel that it is important to "take control of your
life." But what does this mean? Partly, it means being able to properly evaluate the data
and claims that bombard you every day. If you cannot distinguish good from faulty
reasoning, then you are vulnerable to manipulation and to decisions that are not in your
best interest. Statistics provides tools that you need in order to react intelligently to
information you hear or read. In this sense, statistics is one of the most important things
that you can study.
Using statistical analyses to produce findings for a study is the culmination of a
long process. This process includes constructing the study design, selecting and
measuring the variables, devising the sampling technique and sample size, cleaning the
data, and determining the analysis methodology among numerous other issues. The
overall quality of the results depends on the entire chain of events. A single weak link
might produce unreliable results.
IV. REFERENCES
http://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/measures-central-tendency-mean-median-mode/
Prepared by:
THEA MARGARETH V. MARTINEZ CRISTITO C. MARTINEZ

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COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN

Institute of Graduate Studies

Reporter: Thea Margareth V. Martinez

What are the measures of central tendency?

A measure of central tendency (also referred to as measures of centre or central location)

1. What is the mode?

 Advantage of the mode:

 Limitations of the mode:

2. What is the median?

 Limitation of the median:

3. What is the mean?

 Advantage of the mean:

III EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION/INSIGHTS

THEA MARGARETH V. MARTINEZ CRISTITO C. MARTINEZ

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