Structural Concrete Design

Project: Full design of intermediate floor

Prof. Dr. Bayan Salim

Assistant. Mr. Mohammad Kani

Participants:
Shahram Nzar Salim, Lehat whab

TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim

Introduction
The project is to do the structural concrete design for Intermediate floor in the building, the
building is slab, column with beams. The columns are square and the beams as calculated
they are rectangular beams not T beam, And the slab is two way slab it has to be fully
designed by NS direction and EW direction.
Elevation of the building
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
Plan of the Intermediate floor
Given Data:
Use the DDM to determine the design moments for the slab system in the NS direction
(shaded design strip) in an itermediate floor.
Given;
Beam dims: 350 × 650 mm
Column dims: 500 × 500mm
Slab thickness h = 200mm
c.c. spans in N-S direction are 6.5m an 6m
c.c spans in E-W direction are7.5m,7m
f′c = 21 MPa, fy = 520 MPa
Service live load L = 6 kN/m2
Total DL=8.25 kN/m2

Solution:

Check slab thickness h = 200mm

1. Find αf for beams

N-S edge beams:

Ib = K (bw H3/12 ) = 1.5(350×6503)/12 = 12 × 109 mm4
Is = l h3/12, l = 6.5/2 + 0.35/2 =3.425 m
= 3425 (200)3 / 12 = 2.283 × 109 mm4
αf = Ib / Is = 12/2.283 =5.262
N-S interior beams:
Ib = K (bw H3/12) = 2.0(350×6503)/12 = 16.02 × 109 mm4
Is = l h3/12 , l = (6.5+6)/2 = 6.250m
=6250 (200)3 /12 = 4.167×109 mm4
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
αf = Ib / Is = 16.02 / 4.167 =3.844
E-W edge beams:
Ib = K (bw H3/12) = 1.5(350×6503)/12 = 12.01 × 109 mm4
Is = l h3/12 , l = 7.25 /2 + 0.35/2 = 3.8m
= 3800 (200)3 / 12 = 2.533 × 109 mm4
= Ib / Is = 12.01 / 2.533= 4.743
E-W interior beams:
Ib = K (bw H3/12) = 2(350×6503)/12 = 16 × 109 mm4
Is = l h3/12 , l = (7.5+7)/2=7.250m
= 7250 (200)3 / 12 = 4.833 × 109 mm4

αf = Ib / Is = 16 / 4.833 = 3.314

2. Find αfm for panels

Corner Panel: αfm = (5.262+3.844+4.743+3.314)/ 4 = 4.29
Exterior Panel(N-S) : αfm = (4.743+3.845+3.845+3.134) / 4 = 3.937
Exterior Panel(E-W) : αfm = (3.314+3.314+3.844+5.262) / 4 = 3.934
Interior Panel: αfm = (3.314+3.314+3.844+3.844) / 4 = 3.58

3. Find β for panels (note: clear spans face to face of columns)

Corner Panel: β = (6.5 – 0.5) / (7.5 – 0.5) = 0.857
Exterior Panel(N-S) : β = 0.786
Exterior Panel(E-W) : β = 0.857
Interior Panel: β = 0.786

4. Find min h for panels

Since αfm for all panels are > 2.0, ACI equation (d) controls:
h = lna_c (0.8 + fy / 1400) / (36 + 9 β) ≥ 90 mm
= lnac (0.8 + 520/1400) / (36 + 9×0.857)
= 192 < 200 used, OK
h = ln (0.8 + fy / 1400) / (36 + 9 β)
=191 Ok < 200 used, OK
h = lna(0.8 + fy / 1400) / (36 + 9 β)
=175 < 200 used, OK
h = lna(0.8 + fy / 1400) / (36 + 9 β)
=177 < 200 used, OK

Use 200mm slab thickness

Check the limitations of the DDM:
1. There must be a minimum of three continuous spans in each direction. Thus, a
nine panel structure (3 by 3) is the smallest that can be considered.
(There are 3 spans and 9 Panels).
2. Rectangular panels must have a long-span/short-span ratio that isn’t greater than 2
7.5/6=1.25<2
3. Successive span lengths in each direction shall not differ by more than one-third
of the longer span.
1
(7.5-6)=1.5m<3(7.5)=2.5m Ok.

4. Columns may be offset from the basic rectangular grid of the building by up to
10% of the span parallel to the offset.
All columns are in the centerline.
5. All loads must be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed over an entire
panel. The service live load shall not exceed two times the service dead load.
All loads are uniformly distributed.
6. For a panel with beams between supports on all sides, the relative stiffness of the
beams in the two perpendicular directions shall not be less than 0.2 or greater than
5:

Therefore, DDM is applicable.

Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim

Horizontal strip design

Factored loads:
Average wt. of beam stem = (0.35×0.35/6.5)(24 kN/m3) = 0.45 kN/m2
weight. of slab = (0.2)(24 kN/m3) = 4.8kN/m2
Total D = 0.45 + 4.8+3= 8.25kN/m2
Factored load, wu = 1.2(8.25) + 1.6(6) = 19.5kN/m2
Total static BM, Mo:
ln ac= 5.5 – 0.45 = 5.05 m (face to face of columns)
Mo end= wu l2 ln2 / 8 = 19.5×7.25×62 / 8 = 636.188 kNm
Mo int= wu l2 ln2 / 8 = 19.5×7.25×5.52 /8 = 534.574 kNm
Moments at critical sections:
Interior spans
Interior M− = 0.65 Mo = 0.65×266.47 = 173.21 kNm
M+ = 0.35 Mo = 0.35×266.47 = 93.26 kNm

End span
Exterior M− = 0.16 Mo = 0.16×266.47 = 42.64 kNm
M+ = 0.57 Mo = 0.57×266.47 = 151.89 kNm
Interior M− = 0.70 Mo = 0.70×266.47 = 186.53 kNm

Disribution to col strip, mid strip and beams

l2 / l1 = 7250 / 6250 = 1.16, (αf1l2 / l1) = 3.828×7250/6250 = 3.828 ≥ 1.0 take (1)
Interior negative moments
Interior spans Mcs− = 75 + 30 (1 (1 - 1.16)=70.2 kNm
Positive moments
Interior spans Mcs+ = 60 + 30 (1 (1.5 - 1.16)=70.2 kNm

Exterior negative moments

Edge Beam dims: bw = 350, H = 650, hf =200, then flange b = bw + (H – hf) = 350 + (650
– 200) = 800 mm

C1 = 5.8×109 mm3
C2 = 8.66×109 mm3
Take larger C=8.66×109 mm3

= C / 2Is = 0.896

End span, exterior Mcs− = 100-(10×0.896)+(12×0.896) ×(1)(1-1.16)= 89.320 kNm

Summary, and moments to mid strip and beams

Mu (kNm) % to cs Mcs (kNm) * 2-half ms Mms
(kNm)
End Span
Ext. negative 101.79 89.3 90.92 10.871
Positive 362.627 70.2 254.564 108.063
Int. negative 477.141 70.2 334.953 142.188
Interior Span
Negative 347.473 70.2 243.926 103.547
Positive 187.1 70.2 131.345 55.7561
* Beams shall take 85% of Mcs [ (αf1l2 / l1) > 1.0], and slab Mcs shall take 15% of it.
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
Slab Reinforcement Column
strip:
SlabMcs (kNm) R = Mu / φbd2 ρ Table A.5 As mm2/m***
15% of Mcs * **
End Span
Ext. negative 13.638 0.158 0.0005 87.5/use 360
Positive 38.185 0.443 0.0007 122.5/use 360
Int. negative 50.243 0.583 0.00086 150.5/use 360
Interior Span
Negative 36.589 0.425 0.0007 122.5 /use 360
Positive 19.702 0.229 0.0005 87.5/use 360
* Beams shall take 85% of Mcs [ (αf1l2 / l1) > 1.0], and slab Mcs shall take 15% of it. **
bcs = lab/2 = 3125 mm, d = 125 mm
*** As = ρbd , As min = 0.0018bh =360 mm2/m, use No.13@300 everywhere
max spacing = 2h = 2(200) = 400mm OK
.
Middle strip:
2-half ms Mms R = Mu / φbd2 ρ Table A.5 As mm2/m**
(kNm) *
End Span
Ext. negative 10.871 0.111 0.0005 87.5 /use 360
Positive 108.062 0.950 0.00152 266/use 360
Int. negative 142.188 1.251 0.00188 329/use 360
Interior Span
Negative 103.547 0.911 0.0015 263/use 360
Positive 55.756 0.490 0.0008 140 /use 360
* bms = lcd avg - bcs = 7250 - 3125 = 4125 mm, d = 125 mm
** As = ρbd , As min = 0.0018 bh =360 mm2/m, use No.13@ 350mm everywhere
max spacing = 2h = 2(200) = 400 mm
Vertical design strip
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
Factored loads:
Average wt. of beam stem = (0.35×0.35/6.5)(24 kN/m3) = 0.45 kN/m2
weight. of slab = (0.2)(24 kN/m3) = 4.8kN/m2
Total D = 0.45 + 4.8+3= 8.25kN/m2
Factored load, wu = 1.2(8.25) + 1.6(6) = 19.5kN/m2 Total
static BM, Mo:
ln end= 7500 – 500 = 7000mm (face to face of columns)
Mo end= wu l2 ln2 / 8 = 19.5×7.25×72 / 8 = 865.922 kNm
Mo int= wu l2 ln2 / 8 = 19.5×7.25×6.52 /8 = 746.637kNm
Moments at critical sections:
Interior spans
Interior M− = 0.65 Mo = 0.65×746.637 = 485.31 kNm
M+ = 0.35 Mo = 0.35×746.637 = 261.32 kNm
End span
Exterior M− = 0.16 Mo = 0.16×865.922 = 138.547 kNm
M+ = 0.57 Mo = 0.57×865.922 = 493.575 kNm
Interior M− = 0.70 Mo = 0.70×865.922 = 649.44 kNm

Distribution to col strip, mid strip and beams

l2 / l1 = 6250 / 7250 = 0.86, (αf1l2 / l1) = 3.828×6250 / 7250 = 2.85 ≥ 1.0 take (1)
Interior negative moments
Interior spans Mcs− = 75 + 30 (1 (1 0.86) =79.2 kNm
Positive moments
Interior spans Mcs+ = 60 + 30 (1 (1.5 - 0.86) =79.2 kNm
Exterior negative moments

Edge Beam dims: bw = 350, H = 650, hf =200, then flange b = bw + (H – hf) = 350 + (650
– 200) = 800 mm

C1 = 5.8×109 mm3
C2 = 8.66×109 mm3
Take larger C=8.66×109 mm3

= C / 2Is = 0.896

End span, exterior Mcs− = 100-(10×0.896) +(12×0.896) × (1) (1-0.86) = 92.5 kNm
Summary, and moments to mid strip and beams
Mu (kNm) % to cs Mcs (kNm) * 2-half ms Mms
(kNm)
End Span
Ext. negative 138.54 92.546 128.22 10.328
Positive 493.575 79.2 390.912 102.664
Int. negative 649.441 79.2 514.358 135.084
Interior Span
Negative 485.314 79.2 384.369 100.945
Positive 261.323 79.2 206.968 54.355
* Beams shall take 85% of Mcs [ (αf1l2 / l1) > 1.0], and slab Mcs shall take 15% of it.

Slab Reinforcement Column

strip:
SlabMcs (kNm) R = Mu / φbd2 ρ Table A.5 As mm2/m***
15% of Mcs * **
End Span
Ext. negative 19.233 0.223 0.0005 87.5/use 360
Positive 58.637 0.681 0.0007 122.5/use 360
Int. negative 77.154 0.896 0.00086 150.5/use 360
Interior Span
Negative 57.655 0.669 0.0007 122.5 /use 360
Positive 31.045 0.360 0.0005 87.5/use 360
* Beams shall take 85% of Mcs [ (αf1l2 / l1) > 1.0], and slab Mcs shall take 15% of it. **
bcs = lab/2 = 3125 mm, d = 125 mm
*** As = ρbd , As min = 0.0018bh =360 mm2/m, use No.13@300 everywhere
max spacing = 2h = 2(200) = 400mm OK
.
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
sMiddle strip:
2-half ms Mms R = Mu / φbd2 ρ Table A.5 As mm2/m**
(kNm) *
End Span
Ext. negative 10.327 0.0908 0.0005 87.5 /use 360
Positive 102.664 0.903 0.00152 266/use 360
Int. negative 135.084 1.188 0.00188 328/use 360
Interior Span
Negative 100.945 0.888 0.0015 262.5/use 360
Positive 54.355 0.478 0.0008 140 /use 360
* bms = lcd avg - bcs = 7250 - 3125 = 4125 mm, d = 125 mm
** As = ρbd , As min = 0.0018 bh =360 mm2/m, use No.13@ 350mm everywhere
max spacing = 2h = 2(200) = 400 mm

Reinforcement
Moments to columns
Interior columns
)
Int. Mcol = 0.07[(qDu + 0.5× qLu)l2ln2 – 1.2 qDu′l′2(l′n 2]
= 0.07[(1.6(8.25) + 0.5×(1.6×6)(7.25) ×62 – 1.2×(1.2×8.25)(6.25)(5.5) 2]
= 0.07(0.5×1.6 ×5)6.5(5.05)2 = 68.6 kNm
At exterior column, the total exterior negative factored moment from the slab system
(Table 8.10.4.2) is transferred directly to the column:
Ext. Mcol = 0.16 Mo = 0.16×636.188 = 101.79 kNm
Columns above and below slab shall resist moments in proportion of their stiffnesses;
Mcol above = [Kcol above / (Kcol above + Kcol below)] Mcol
Mcol above = Mcol below = (1/2) Mcol (columns above and below are identical)
= (1/2)( 68.6) = 34.3 kNm for interior columns
= (1/2)( 101.79) = 50.895 kNm for exterior columns

Shear in Beams (only interior beams are checked because the carry higher shear than
edge beams)
EW beams (short dir.): Vu = wu [(1/2)lala/2] = wu [(1/4)la2]
= 19.5[(1/4)6.52] = 205.969 kN
=wu [(1/4)lb2]
=19.5[ (1/4)62]=175.5 kN
NS beams (long dir.): Vu = wu [(1/4)la2+ (1/2)la(lc – la)]
= 19.5[(1/4)6.52 + (1/2)6.5(7.5 – 6.5)] = 209.219 kN
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim

Column design
Pu =0.4(f’c )(0.99Ag)+0.67(fy )(0.01Ag)= 2950 kN
Mu = 50.892kNm
γ = (h – 2d')/h = (500 – 130) / 5000 = 0.74 graph A.6 will be used.
Kn = Pu / φf’cAg = 2950 ×103/ (0.65×21×500×500) = 0.864
Rn = Pue / φf’cAg h = 2950×0.0172×106/ (0.65×21×500×500×500) = 0.0297
From graph A.7 read ρg = 0.012
Ast = ρg bh = 0.012×250000= 3000mm2. Use 8No.29 (3000mm2), one at each corner and
two evenly spaced along each face of column.
Spacing of Ties (48dtie, 16db, least dim of column)
(48*10=480mm, 16*29=464mm, 500mm) Take the smaller one 464mm round to 450mm

Pu =0.4(f’c )(0.99Ag)+0.67(fy )(0.01Ag)= 2950 kN

Mu = 34.3 kNm
γ = (h – 2d')/h = (500 – 130) / 5000 = 0.74 graph A.6 will be used.
Kn = Pu / φf’cAg = 2950 ×103/ (0.65×21×500×500) = 0.864
e= Mu/ Pu= 0.0116
Rn = Pue / φf’cAg h = 2950×0.0116×106/ (0.65×21×500×500×500) = 0.02
From graph A.7 read ρg = 0.015
Ast = ρg bh = 0.015×250000= 3750mm2. Use 8No.25 (3750mm2), one at each corner and
two evenly spaced along each face of column.
Spacing of Ties (48dtie, 16db, least dim of column)
(48*10=480mm, 16*25=400mm, 500mm) Take the smaller one 400mm

Beam Design

Moment to the beams

d = H – 65 = 650 – 65 = 585mm, bw = 350mm
For end span For interior span
𝑙 6500 𝑙 6000
bf = = = 1625mm bf = = = 1500mm
4 4 4 4
End span positive section
Assume a = hf = 200 and Φ=0.9
Checking if it’s T beam or rectangular section beam.
𝑀𝑢 = 334.953 × 0.85 = 284.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢 284.7 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 1863.59𝑚𝑚2
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − ) 0.9 × 350 × (585 − 200
2 )
2
𝐴𝑠 ×𝑓𝑦 1863.59×350
𝑎= ′ = = 104.4 < ℎ𝑓 = 200 (Considered the
0.85×𝑓𝑐 ×𝑏 0.85×21×350
beam section as rectangular section because 𝑎 < ℎ𝑓
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim

End span positive sections

First Iteration
Assume a = 150mm
𝑀𝑢 334.953 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 2085𝑚𝑚2
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − ) 0.9 × 350 × (585 − 150)
2 2
𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 2085 × 350
𝑎= = = 116.807
0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′ × 𝑏 0.85 × 21 × 350

By having a=110, As can be identified.

𝑀𝑢 334.953 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 2006.307𝑚𝑚2
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − ) 0.9 × 350 × (585 − 110
2 )
2
From table A.2 Nilson
Use 4 No.25 (As = 2040mm2)
Check ρ
𝐴𝑠 2040
𝜌= = = 0.01
𝑏 × 𝑑 350 × 585
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.004 < 0.010 < 0.0163 Ok
Interior span positive
First Iteration
𝑀𝑢 = 131.145 × 0.85 = 111.47 𝑘𝑁𝑚, Assume a=110
𝑀𝑢 111.47 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 667.7𝑚𝑚2
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − ) 0.9 × 350 × (585 − 110
2 )
2
𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 667.7 × 350
𝑎= = = 37.40
0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′ × 𝑏 0.85 × 21 × 350
By having a=38, As can be identified.
𝑀𝑢 111.47 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 625.217𝑚𝑚2
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − ) 0.9 × 350 × (535 − ) 38
2 2
𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 625.217 × 350
𝑎= = = 35
0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′ × 𝑏 0.85 × 21 × 350

From table A.2 Nilson

Use 2 No.19 and 2 No.10 (As = 710mm2)
Check ρ
𝐴𝑠 710
𝜌= = = 0.0037
𝑏 × 𝑑 350 × 535
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 > 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡
0.004 > 0.0037 Not Ok.
Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 to find As
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 × 𝑏 × 𝑑 = 0.004 × 350 × 585 = 819𝑚𝑚2
Use 3 No.19 (As = 852mm2)
Shahram nzar Prof Dr Bayan Salim
Discussion and conclusion.
The building which designed it has a high live load which is 6 KN/m2 this high live load
will make thickness of slab little bit thicker than the others which by first trail assumed to
be 200mm and after checking 191mm was ok so that mean 200mm is ok, this thick slab will
make the dead load also high because of weight which was 8.25 KN/m2.
The design of slab was good, but Fc of slab, Beam and columns are Low that’s why the steel
amount is high in the columns, beams and slab. In my opinion if it was designed by Fc=
35Mpa for columns and Fc=28Mpa for beams and slab it would be better and less cost, about
Fy=520Mpa it was good.
For slab design double mesh has been used because the project only has 9 Panels in my
opinion if offset or cut off provided it would take high cost because of labor cost.
And the design for columns may be it has an error because in Nilson book there is no column
to design by Fc=21Mpa It only has Fc=28Mpa.
For designing beams, it cost a lot of reinforcement because Fc is small and The live load
and dead load were high.