Department of Education

Region III

Division of Pampanga

Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga Incorporated

Sta. Monica Lubao Pampanga

Tardiness' Impact on the Performance of the Senior

High School Students of Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga Incorporated

A Research Paper Presented to

Saint Anthony Academy

Guagua, Pampanga

S.Y. 2022-2023

Christine S. Capati

2023

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page Page Number

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………………… 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………… 4

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………….. 5

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background …………………………………………………... 6

CHAPTER 2

Analysis and Discussion ……………………………………………………………. 15

CHAPTER 3

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………….. 18

WORKS CITED ……………………………………………………………………. 20

APPENDIX A ………………………………………………………………………. 22

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………. 23

2
 APPROVAL SHEET
This research title, “Tardiness' Impact on the Performance of the SeniorHigh School
Students of Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga Incorporated”, prepared and
enhanced by Christine Capati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Inquiries,
Investigations and Immersion has been examined and hereby recommended for Oral
Examination.

Joann Adriano Morales

Adviser

Research Committee

Passed by the Research Committee with a grade of _______ on June 14, 2023.

Cornelius Flores Ducut

Chairman

Ma. Luisa Magcalas Villarta Joselle Timbang Baluyut

Member Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Practical
Research 1 subject.

Cornelius Flores Ducut

Principal of Senior High School

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to everyone who played a part. First and

foremost, I am grateful to the Almighty God, who guided me through everything, for his showers

of blessings throughout my research journey, and for enabling me to successfully finish it.

I would like to thank my adviser, Maam Joann Morales, for her tireless efforts and guidance

throughout my research journey. Her insights and expertise have been invaluable in shaping my

ideas and refining my research design. Her constant feedback and encouragement have kept me

motivated and focused on my research goals.

I also want to thank my classmates and friends who supported me during the entire process. I

found people who knew the importance of research and cheered me up during the moments of

frustration and anxiety. They created a cheerful environment for sharing ideas, providing

constructive criticism, and helping me brainstorm new ideas.

Furthermore, I am grateful to the participants who took part in my study. Without their

willingness to share their thoughts and experiences, my research would not have been possible. I

want to acknowledge their generosity and contribution to making my research project a success.

Last but not least, I offer my heartfelt thanks to my family and to my bebe for their

unwavering support, encouragement, and sacrifices. Their love and encouragement helped me

through the toughest days of my research. Their trust in me is truly humbling and inspiring.

To sum up, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who played a part in my research

project, regardless of the extent of their contribution. I appreciate their assistance and motivation,

and I will cherish their advice forever.

4
 ABSTRACT

Tardiness is a widespread problem that has an impact on learning and academic achievement.

It shortens the learning period and gives students a chance to fall behind on their assignments as

it is a sign of disrespect and irresponsibility, it can also have a bad social impact. Being late to

classes can become contagious, creating an environment where punctuality is not valued or

encouraged. Establishing a culture that emphasizes punctuality and promotes time management

is essential to battling tardiness. This can be achieved by constantly reminding students about the

importance of punctuality and being a role model for good behavior. The researcher employed a

qualitative approach and utilized a descriptive research design to evaluate how being late impacts

the academic achievement of grade 12 students.

5
 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Being a student is not easy; it is filled with a lot of challenges, disappointments, stress, and

difficulties that sometimes lead them to be late for class. And that is the majority of the student's

problem—the tardiness. "Tardiness means arriving late to school". Being late to class can cause

serious issues that might affect their academic performance. When a student arrives late for class,

it can disrupt the flow of a lesson or discussion, and if they are regularly late, they cannot

participate effectively in class discussions.

One of the main reasons why several students are often late is because of our culture of "Filipino

Time," or a habit in which students do not perceive punctuality at all. We all know that Filipino

time is very popular in the Philippines, and it is about people having their own clocks; they don't

come at the set time.

According to Caldarella, P., et. al (2011), student tardiness is a serious issue for principals

and teachers. Some people say that being late to school is a common problem that can have bad

effects, especially for younger students who depend on their parents to get them to school on

time. Students who are frequently late may miss important opening announcements or academic

activities. Teachers can get angry when late students disrupt class and have to be retaught the

information they missed.. Tardy behavior can also have a negative impact on the overall

classroom environment.

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), a correlation may be seen between students' poor academic

performance and their habit of arriving late to class. This indicates that the academic

performance of the students will suffer proportionately to the number of students who arrive late

to school. This may be because (1) students were unable to attend courses because they were late

6
to school, which prevented them from participating in all of the school's chores and events, such

as assembly activities. (2) A significant number of kids who are chronically tardy are subjected

to punishments such as cleaning the restrooms, receiving physical punishment, and cutting the

lawn, all of which cause them to miss even more school activities.

This study mainly focuses on the impact of tardiness on the performance of the Senior High

Schools Students of Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga Incorporated Specifically,

this study seeks to answer the following questions:What are the factors affecting Senior High

School students to become tardy? What are the effects of tardiness on the performance of Senior

High Students? How does tardiness affect the students' studies?The tardiness of Senior High

School students at Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua, Pampanga, Incorporated is the primary

topic for this research. The researcher would ask between five and ten Senior High School

students who are enrolled at Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua, Pampanga, Incorporated to

participate in the study as responders. Interviews, questionnaires, cellphones, ballpoint pens,

laptops, and anything else that can be utilized to collect information from the respondents will

make up the research instruments. In addition, the purpose This study is to investigate the causes

and contributing aspects of student tardiness.

This study will help students gain a better understanding of the things they can do to make

more efficient use of their time. This research will be deemed significant for the following:

To the learners: The findings of this study will assist the students in understanding the positive

and negative consequences of arriving late to school and provide knowledge on how to overcome

this challenge.

7
To the teachers: The results of this research will assist educators in better understanding the

factors that contribute to student tardiness and how it affects students' academic performance.

Teachers can advise students on preventing tardiness in class and explain how it impacts their

performance using this information.

To the parents: This study will also be beneficial to parents because it will allow them to better

assist their children in organizing their schoolwork and responsibilities. They can also use the

findings as a way to encourage their children to be punctual when they go to school.

To the future researchers: This study will also be useful to future researchers because it can act

as a roadmap for them to follow if they decide to undertake research similar to this study.

According to Bennion, B. (2018), students are considered to have chronic tardiness if they

are consistently late to class. This behavior can have major consequences for a student's future

educational and career prospects. Students who leave school early also waste valuable

instructional time. Students at Athlos who arrive late or depart early from school miss out on

important learning opportunities like morning meetings, announcements, academic activities,

tests, and quizzes, as well as peer interactions. Students who are chronically tardy are more likely

to internalize the message that missing school is acceptable, which frequently results in chronic

absenteeism. This not only reflects poorly on the students and the school, but it can also have an

effect on their peers. According to the findings of research, not only do students who are

frequently tardy perform lower on their exam results, but so do students who are more timely

than them.The less time students spend in the classroom, the less they can contribute, which

8
frequently leads to class disruptions, postponing group and class projects, and making fewer

significant peer connections..

Rebecca Vukovic (2017)stated that arriving late to school can also result in students missing

out on activities designed to help them connect with their peers, perhaps having an effect on their

social interactions and producing a heightened sense of distance from the other students in the

class. The researchers came to the conclusion that students who arrive late to school usually miss

out on critical opening statements as well as academic activities.

Kelly Melissa (2018) Students who are frequently late may require additional assistance.

Teachers should consider that instilling respect for time in all students is a life skill that can be

taught in any subject.

Trevor Pilgrim (2013) Tardiness in schools can lead to significant issues that affect the entire

institution, if not addressed. As the instructional leader and manager of the school, the principal

is responsible for organizing both the executive staff and the general staff in such a way as to

substantially cut down on the number of tardies that occur and to ensure that instructional time is

protected. Should this not be done, there will be a discernible deterioration in both the overall

academic climate and the performance of the institution. There will also be a rise in

undisciplined behavior.

There is an issue with tardiness whenever it occurs, regardless of whether it is practiced by

students or professors. In most cases, it manifests itself in two distinct ways: first, as tardiness to

school overall, and second, as tardiness to individual classes. The administration of the school

9
has no choice but to confront the issue head on; otherwise, it will only get worse. There needs to

be a policy in place that is crystal clear and is strongly enforced against tardiness in any form and

originating from any source. Since it is the responsibility of the school to cultivate responsible

citizens and productive employees, it is essential that students understand the significance of

maintaining punctuality and how this quality relates to their future professional lives. Students

who consistently arrive late for class miss out on crucial instruction, which ultimately results in

worse grades or even failure in the course. They not only arrive late to class, which disrupts the

delivery of education for the first five to ten minutes or more of each class, but they also disturb

the delivery of instruction. In addition, students have the opportunity to engage in inappropriate

behavior during the period of time when they are not being supervised and before they enter their

classrooms. The total amount of instructional time that could have been accomplished could

have been reduced by many hours as a result of these wasted minutes. The administration has a

responsibility to take all appropriate measures to prevent incidents of malpractice of this nature,

as well as to protect and optimize learning time. The policy on tardiness needs to be

disseminated to everyone, and its enforcement needs to be strict.

Brian Tan (2016) states that being late and starting things late have long been part of the

Filipino tradition. Many Filipinos appear to practice or accept it, so much so that we have a term

for it: Filipino Time. However, many Filipinos are unaware of how detrimental Filipino time can

be to our overall productivity and how it reveals a lot about the character of Filipinos. This is not

fair for the many people in the Philippines who observe punctuality, maintain discipline, and are

respectful of others' time. Do not make the mistake of blaming your tardiness on Filipino time

the next time it happens to you. It is high time that we started owning up to our mistakes. It is

10
now time that we put an end to celebrating Filipino Time as a significant component of our

heritage as Filipinos. It was just something that was done in our society, but ultimately, being late

is a choice that we make; it's not necessarily about the culture.

Barbara Lee Weade (2004) did a study to "determine if school tardiness is a predictor of

work tardiness." It offers plenty of information that examines relationships and factors

influencing a student's tardiness. According to Weade, the third most common reason for a

student's failure is "excessive tardiness and unexplained absences," followed by "inconsistency

of school rules," and situations such as "crowded hallways, limited possibilities for social

interaction, course content that is irrelevant, and teacher indifference."

Enamiroro Oghuvbu (2008) did some research in Nigeria. The purpose of the research

was to investigate the factors that lead to absences and tardiness among secondary school

students in Nigeria and to look for potential solutions to the growing problem. According to the

study, the reasons why secondary school students in Nigeria are consistently tardy to class are as

follows: staying up late to watch movies and home movies, which results in students getting up

late the next morning; travel time to school; and maintaining friendships with people who are not

students. These findings were in line with those of the studies mentioned by Oghuvbu, which

demonstrate that tardiness among students has become a problem and that it is not just the

students who are to blame but also a lack of enforcing discipline.

Ronald Farrar (2010) studied the social, economic, physiological, emotional, and

psychological factors that contribute to middle school learners' tardiness. According to Farrar,

11
learners who arrive late to school lose more than just precious educational instruction. They also

disrupted the ambience of the class and became a distraction to other learners in the same class.

Students who are chronically tardy are setting themselves up for a difficult life after school.

Academic failure, school dropouts, emotional reliance, substance abuse, fighting, and bullying

are all possible outcomes. Students' tardiness determines whether or not the student is at risk; if

the above-mentioned conduct is not addressed, it can lead to major emotional and social

problems. Farrar conducted individual and focus group interviews with chronically tardy kids.

In order to decrease middle school students' tardiness, Farrar's findings advance practical

proposals for intervention measures that schools and local, state, and federal government

agencies can use.

12
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study tested the following assumption:

Most learners are experiencing lateness because they are not getting enough sleep since

they stay up late watching too many movies or dramas and then forget that they have class the

next day. Delayed transportation and Improper time management may also some causes of

13
coming late in school. Coming to school late could also be caused by transportation problems or

poor time management.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The researcher has provided a functional definition of each of the following terms in order to

facilitate the readers' understanding.

Absenteeism - a situation in which people don't show up to school or work without a good

reason and without telling anyone.

Chronic Absenteeism - Too much absence from school, whether excused or unexcused, delays

learning and is a proven indicator of academic risk and dropping out of school.

Chronic Tardiness - when pupils consistently arrive late for class.

Deterioration - the process of things getting worse and worse.

Detrimental - tends to make things worse or harm existing ones.

Punctuality - the state of coming, performing, or doing anything at the anticipated or exact time

and not being late for it.

Tardiness - being late or moving slowly.

14
 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

This study used a qualitative type of research, In qualitative research, non-numerical data

are gathered and analyzed in order to gain a better understanding of concepts, attitudes, or

experiences. It is possible to use it to acquire in-depth insights into a topic or to produce fresh

ideas for research by using it Pritha Bhandari (2023). To accurately characterize a phenomenon,

situation, or population, the researcher used a descriptive study approach. In addition to this, it

also explains why students are late to class and what they may do about it and this aims to

describe the difficulties of students’ tardiness in their academic performance at Saint Anthony

Academy of Guagua, Pampanga Incorporated.

For this study, the researcher used a method called ‘convenience sampling’ to choose the

people who would take part in the research. Convenience sampling is a non – probability

sampling method in which parts of the sample are chosen based on how convenient they are for

the researcher. Students in Grade 12 who are closely involved in the curriculum were chosen to

take part in the study, and their cooperation is very important for this research. There are a total

of 5 Senior High School students from Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga

Incorporated who will answer the interview questions.

To collect information, the researcher made a standard questionnaire that could be used as

a guide for interviews. The researcher will do an interview that will show there is a factor why

students come in school late.

Questionnaire. It was the major method of collecting information from the respondents.

15
RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

The interview guide asks the following questions: What do you think causes students to come in

school late? Do you think tardiness has an effect on students school performance? Why or why

not? For you what is the meaning of Tardiness? As a student, do you think punctuality is

important? Why or why not? What are some strategies you can give for those people who are

always late?

1.What do you think causes students to come in school late?

Mark Joseph D. Baal, Keith Justine B. Mallari, Dhemy Cardy B. David, and Ivan R.

Adamos of Grade 12 Jeremiah said that playing online games and lack of sleep are the reasons

why students come to school late. Meanwhile, James G. Manalang of Grade 12 Jeremiah

responded that it is because of using cellphones and having hangovers because of drinking

alcohol.

As a result, the reasons why students come in school late is because of playing online

games and lack of sleep.

2. Do you think tardiness has an effect on students school performance? Why or why not?

James G. Manalang, Mark Joseph D. Baal, Keith Justine B. Mallari, Dhemy Cardy B.

David, and Ivan R. Adamos of Grade 12 Jeremiah answered that tardiness has an effect on

students school performance because they will be left behind on discussions, recitations, and

activities, especially in their first subject.

On the whole, being late affects a student’s performance in school because they will miss

out on discussions, recitations, and activities, especially in their first subject.

16
3. For you what is the meaning of Tardiness?

James G. Manalang, Mark Joseph D. Baal, Keith Justine B. Mallari, Dhemy Cardy B.

David, and Ivan R. Adamos of Grade 12 Jeremiah responded that tardiness means not being at

school on time.

In short, all respondents said that tardiness means not being able to get to school on time.

4. As a student, do you think punctuality is important? Why or why not?

James G. Manalang, Keith Justine B. Mallari, Dhemy Cardy B. David, and Ivan R. Adamos

of Grade 12 Jeremiah answered that being punctual is important because if you are punctual, you

have self-discipline, which helps you to follow with your first subject and not fall behind on the

lesson. On the other hand, Mark Joseph D. Baal of Grade 12 Jeremiah answered that punctuality

is important because you need to have discipline to be a good student.

Overall, it said that being on time is important because it shows that you have self-discipline,

which helps you not fall behind on the lesson.

5. What are some strategies you can give for those people who are always late?

Mark Joseph D. Baal, Keith Justine B. Mallari, Dhemy Cardy B. David, and Ivan R. Adamos

of Grade 12 Jeremiah suggested that they must lessen their phone usage and sleep early. In

addition, James G. Manalang of Grade 12 Jeremiah recommended that they lessen their phone

usage, abstain from drinking alcohol if they had a class the following day, and practice

self-discipline and time management.

To summarize, respondents suggested that students need to reduce the amount of time they

spend on their phones and go to bed early.

17
 CONCLUSION

The research on the tardiness of students has uncovered several important findings.

Tardiness among students is a widespread issue that negatively impacts academic performance

and school culture. The reasons why students come in school late is because of playing online

games and lack of sleep. Being late affects a student’s performance in school because they will

miss out on discussions, recitations, and activities, especially in their first subject. Tardiness

means not being able to get to school on time. Being on time is important because it shows that

you have self-discipline, which helps you not fall behind on the lesson. Respondents suggested

that students need to reduce the amount of time they spend on their phones and go to bed early.

Students who are chronically tardy are more likely to experience negative outcomes such as

lower academic achievement, lower self-esteem, and fewer social connections.

In conclusion, tardiness of students is an issue that has a negative impact on the learning

process, personal development, and future career prospects. Students who are late for classes

miss out on essential learning opportunities, disrupt the classroom environment, and show a lack

of commitment and respect towards their education.

To address this issue, schools need to implement measures that encourage and promote

punctuality. This includes setting clear expectations and guidelines, providing incentives for

punctuality, and enforcing consequences for tardiness. Additionally, schools should offer support

and resources to help students develop essential time-management skills and deal with any

underlying factors that may contribute to tardiness

18
 The researcher suggests to students to Set reminders: Students can set reminders for

themselves using their mobile phones or computer calendars. The reminders should be set for the

relevant times to ensure that they are on schedule. Prioritize punctuality: Students should

prioritize punctuality by setting aside ample time for each activity. They should plan their day in

advance, including travel time, to avoid delays. Create a routine: Students should create a routine

that is easy to follow, including waking up at the same time each day, and sticking to a schedule.

By doing so, they are creating good habits and will be able to avoid the temptation to sleep in

late. Understand the consequences: Students should understand the consequences of being tardy,

such as missing important information or receiving lower grades. This will help them to remain

motivated to be on time. Take responsibility: When students are tardy, they should take

responsibility for their actions and apologize to the teacher and the class. By doing so, they show

respect and ownership of their behavior, and it helps to mitigate any negative consequences. In

conclusion, tardiness can be a habit that causes problems for students. It is essential for students

to strive towards punctuality and take proactive steps to avoid being late. With proper planning,

prioritizing punctuality, and taking responsibility, students can overcome this habit, enhance their

academic performance, and be viewed as responsible and reliable individuals.

19
 WORK CITED

Bhandari, Pritha. “What Is Qualitative Research?: Methods & Examples.” Scribbr, 30 Jan. 2023,

www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/.

Bennion, B Athlos Academies. “Attendance Matters: The Impact of Tardiness on Student

Success.”Athlos Academies, Athlos Academies, 8 Nov. 2018,

https://athlosacademies.org/the-impact-of-tardiness-on-student-success/.

Caldarella, Paul, et al. “Decreasing Tardiness in Elementary School Students Using

Teacher-Written Praise Notes.” Intervention in School and Clinic, vol. 47, no. 2, 26 July 2011,

pp. 104–112, https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451211414186.

Farrar, Ronald James. “Too Late to Learn: Student Tardiness in the Middle School.”30 Nov.

2009, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED515040.

Kelly, Melissa. “Deal with the Tardiness, Help the Student.” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 18 Nov.

2019, https://www.thoughtco.com/methods-to-deal-with-tardy-students-7740.

Nakpodia, E. D., and F. K. Dafiaghor. “Academic Journals - International Journal of Science and

Technology Education Research - Lateness: A Major Problem Confronting School

Administrators in Delta State, Nigeria.” International Journal of Science and Technology

Education Research, Academic Journals, 30 Apr. 2011,

https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJSTER/article-abstract/BE5B1E33018.

Oghuvbu, Enamiroro Patrick. “Absenteeism and Lateness Among Secondary School

Students in

Nigeria: Profiling Causes and Solution.” The Academic Leadership Journal, Jan. 2008,

https://doi.org/10.58809/slci4919.

20
Pilgrim, Trevor. “Tardiness in Schools.” Eduflow, 18 July 2013,

https://eduflow.wordpress.com/2013/07/13/tardiness-in-schools/.

Tan, Brian. “Why Filipinos Follow Filipino Time.” Medium, Medium, 23 March 2016,

https://medium.com/@brianctan/why-filipinos-follow-filipino-time-d38e2c162927.

Vukovic, Rebecca “The Effect of Student Tardiness on Learning.” Teacher Magazine, 1 Feb.

2017,

https://www.teachermagazine.com/au_en/articles/the-effect-of-student-tardiness-on-learning.

Weade, Barbara Lee “School and Work Tardiness - University of Wisconsin–Stout.” , May 2004,

http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2004/2004weadeb.pdf.

21
 APPENDIX A

This study on the “ Tardiness' Impact on the Performance of the SeniorHigh School

Students of Saint Anthony Academy of Guagua Pampanga Incorporated" is partial requirement

in the subject Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion your cooperation will be appreciated and

your answer will be dealt with confidentiality.

Name:_______________________________

Grade and Section:_____________________

1. What do you think causes students to come in school late?

2. Do you think tardiness has an effect on students school performance? Why or why not?

3. For you what is the meaning of Tardiness?

4. As a student, do you think punctuality is important? Why or why not?

5. What are some strategies you can give for those people who are always late?

22
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Capati, Christine S.
110 San Antonio, Guagua, Pampanga
09201967995
[email protected]

Whatever you are, be a good one

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : May 15, 2005

Place of Birth : Guagua, Pampanga
Age : 18
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Female
Religion : Aglipay
Height : 5’4”
Weight : 48kgs.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary : Saint Anthony Academy

San Antonio Guagua Pampanga
2017 - 2023
Primary : San Antonio, Elementary School
San Antonio, Guagua, Pampanga
2010-2016

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief

CHRISTINE CAPATI

23