Physics

Part I (Grade XI)

Cognitive levels1
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
1. Measurement Students should be able to:
1.1 Scope of Physics 1.1.1 describe the importance of physics in space technology, *
nano-technology, aero-dynamics, medical physics,
thermodynamics and solid state physics;
1.2 International System (SI) Units 1.2.1 define the following: *
a. SI base units,
b. derived units,
c. supplementary units;
1.2.2 identify the components of SLO 1.2.1 (a, b and c) for the *
various measurements;
1.2.3 show the derived units as products or quotients of the base *
units;

1.3 Errors and Uncertainty 1.3.1 differentiate between systematic and random errors; *
1.3.2 solve word problems related to the uncertainty in the derived *
quantity;

1.4 Precision and Accuracy 1.4.1 define precision and accuracy; *

1.4.2 differentiate between precision and accuracy; *

1.5 Significant Figures 1.5.1 solve word problems using scientific notations and with correct *
number of significant figures;
1.5.2 recognise that the least count (LC) of an instrument is the *
smallest measurable value of that instrument;

1
K = Knowledge, U = Understanding, A = Application and other higher-order cognitive skills

Physics 1
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
1.6 Dimensions 1.6.1 describe the concept of dimensions using mass, length and *
time;
1.6.2 show the homogeneity of physical equations by using *
dimensions and basic units;
1.6.3 derive formula for physical quantities by using dimensions. *

Physics 2
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
2. Vectors and Equilibrium Students should be able to:
2.1 Cartesian Coordinate System 2.1.1 describe the Cartesian coordinate system in two and three *
dimension systems;

2.2 Addition of Vectors by Head to 2.2.1 explain the sum of vectors using head to tail rule; *
2.2.Tail Rule 2.2.2 define resultant, negative, unit, null, position and equal vectors; *
2.2.3 analyse a vector into its rectangular components; *

2.3 Addition of Vectors by 2.3.1 explain the sum of vectors using perpendicular components; *
Rectangular Component
Method

2.4 Scalar Product of Two Vectors 2.4.1 define scalar product of two vectors; *
2.4.2 exemplify the scalar product of two vectors in terms of angle *
between them;
2.4.3 describe properties of scalar product of two vectors; *

2.5 Vector Product of Two Vectors 2.5.1 define vector product of two vectors; *
2.5.2 exemplify vector product of two vectors in terms of angle *
between them;
2.5.3 describe properties of vector product; *
 
2.6 Torque 2.6.1 describe torque as a vector product of r  F ; *
2.6.2 discuss applications of torque; *

2.7 Equilibrium of Forces 2.7.1 define equilibrium and its types; *

2.7.2 describe first and second conditions of equilibrium with the *
help of examples from daily life.

Physics 3
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
3. Motion and Force Students should be able to:
3.1 Displacement 3.1.1 define displacement; *

3.2 Velocity 3.2.1 define velocity, average velocity and instantaneous velocity; *
3.2.2 define acceleration, average acceleration and instantaneous *
acceleration;
3.2.3 interpret velocity-time graph for constant direction; *
3.2.4 calculate area under velocity-time graph; *
3.2.5 analyse the significance of area under velocity-time graph; *

3.3 Acceleration 3.3.1 explain the equations of motion *

a. for uniformly accelerated bodies in a straight line,
b. in uniform gravitational field in a non-resistive
medium;

3.4 Laws of Motion 3.4.1 describe Newton’s laws of motion; *

3.5 Force, Momentum and Impulse 3.5.1 relate the rate of change of momentum with Newton’s 2nd law *
of motion;
3.5.2 infer impulse as product of impulsive force and time; *
3.5.3 describe law of conservation of momentum; *
3.5.4 apply law of conservation of momentum and study the special *
cases of elastic collision between two bodies in one dimension;
3.5.5 describe the force produced due to flow of water; *
3.5.6 apply the law of conservation of momentum to study explosive *
forces;
3.5.7 explain interaction of forces during rocket propulsion; *

Physics 4
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
3.6 Projectile 3.6.1 define the following: *
a. projectile,
b. projectile motion,
c. trajectory of projectile;
3.6.2 describe projectile motion in non-resistive medium; *
3.6.3 derive the relation for *
a. time of flight,
b. maximum height,
c. horizontal range of a projectile;
3.6.4 solve word problems related to the above relations (a, b and c); *
3.6.5 exemplify projectile motion through the motion of ballistic *
missiles.

Physics 5
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
4. Work, Power and Energy Students should be able to:
4.1 Work 4.1.1 define work as the cross-product of force and displacement; *
4.1.2 describe work when force and displacement are acting at an *
angle (θ);
4.1.3 list different units of work done; *
4.1.4 distinguish between positive, negative and zero work done with *
examples;
4.1.5 describe work done by variable and constant forces; *

4.2 Work Done in a Gravitational 4.2.1 explain the work done in a gravitational field; *
Field

4.3 Power 4.3.1 define power as the rate of doing work; *

4.3.2 list different units of power; *
4.3.3 derive the formula of power in terms of force and velocity and *
use it in solving word problems;

4.4 Energy 4.4.1 define energy; *

4.4.2 list different units of energy; *
4.4.3 differentiate between potential and kinetic energy; *

4.5 Work-Energy Relation 4.5.1 deduce the relationship between energy and work *
a. when friction is present,
b. when friction is not present;

4.6 Absolute Gravitational Energy 4.6.1 analyse the absolute gravitational energy; *
4.6.2 derive an expression for absolute potential energy (PE); *

Physics 6
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
4.7 Escape Velocity 4.7.1 describe the concept of escape velocity; *
4.7.2 derive the formula for escape velocity; *
4.7.3 calculate escape velocity for the Moon and the Earth when *
mass and radius of the bodies are given and use this formula
for solving word problems;

4.8 Conservation of Energy 4.8.1 explain the law of conservation of energy; *

4.8.2 derive potential energy and kinetic energy in a resistive *
medium;

4.9 Types of Energy Sources 4.9.1 list the types of conventional and non-conventional energy *
sources;
4.9.2 describe the uses of energy in different fields. *

Physics 7
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
5. Circular Motion Students should be able to:
5.1 Angular Motion 5.1.1 define angular displacement, angular velocity and angular *
acceleration;
5.1.2 discuss the relation between linear and angular displacement, *
velocity and acceleration;
5.2 Centripetal Force and 5.2.1 define centripetal force and centripetal acceleration; *
Centripetal Acceleration 5.2.2 derive centripetal acceleration when speed is uniform; *
5.2.3 relate centripetal acceleration with angular velocity; *

5.3 Moment of Inertia 5.3.1 define moment of inertia and state its SI unit with dimension; *

5.4 Angular Momentum 5.4.1 define angular momentum and state its SI unit with dimension; *
5.4.2 explain the law of conservation of angular momentum; *

5.5 Rotational Kinetic Energy 5.5.1 define rotational kinetic energy; *

5.5.2 derive an expression for rotational kinetic energy and use this *
expression for solving word problems;

5.6 Artificial Satellites and 5.6.1 describe reasons for weightlessness in artificial satellites; *
Weightlessness 5.6.2 relate free fall motion with orbital motion of satellites; *
5.6.3 classify different types of satellites; *
5.6.4 define geostationary orbits; *
5.6.5 derive an expression for geostationary altitudes and solve *
problems based on this expression;
5.6.6 explain how artificial gravity can be produced when a satellite *
revolves around the Earth;

5.7 Orbital Velocity 5.7.1 define orbital velocity; *

5.7.2 derive a relation for orbital velocity and use this relation for *
solving word problems.

Physics 8
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
6. Fluid Dynamics Students should be able to:
6.1 Streamline and Turbulent Flow 6.1.1 define the following terms: *
a. streamline flow,
b. turbulent flow;
6.1.2 state the conditions required for turbulent flow; *

6.2 Equation of Continuity 6.2.1 derive the equation of continuity; *

6.2.2 describe the motion of a rocket using the equation of *
continuity;
6.2.3 solve word problems related to the equation of continuity; *

6.3 Bernoulli’s Equation 6.3.1 derive Bernoulli’s equation; *

6.3.2 apply Bernoulli effect in the flow of air over an aerofoil, *
venturi meter and atomizers;
6.3.3 solve word problems using Bernoulli’s equation; *

6.4 Viscous Fluids and Fluid 6.4.1 define the following terms: *
Friction a. viscous fluids,
b. non-viscous fluids;
6.4.2 describe that viscous force in a fluid causes a retarding force on *
an object moving through it;
6.4.3 define fluid friction; *

Physics 9
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
6.5 Fluid Friction and Terminal 6.5.1 define terminal velocity; *
Velocity 6.5.2 describe the factors on which terminal velocity depends; *
6.5.3 state Stoke’s law; *
6.5.4 derive an expression for terminal velocity of spherical body *
falling through viscous fluids by using Stoke’s law;
6.5.5 apply dimensional analysis to confirm the form of the Stoke’s *
law.

Physics 10
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
7. Oscillations Students should be able to:
7.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 7.1.1 derive an expression for acceleration of a body vibrating under *
(SHM) elastic restoring force;

7.2 Uniform Circular Motion and 7.2.1 discuss SHM in uniform circular motion; *
SHM 7.2.2 derive expression for instantaneous displacement, velocity and *
acceleration in terms of ( ) ;

7.3 Phase Angle 7.3.1 define phase angle; *

7.4 A Horizontal Mass-Spring 7.4.1 derive an expression for instantaneous velocity in case of *
System horizontal mass-spring system;

7.5 Simple Pendulum 7.5.1 show the motion of a simple pendulum is SHM; *
7.5.2 derive an expression for the time period of a simple pendulum; *
7.5.3 solve word problems using the expression for the time period *
of a simple pendulum;

7.6 Energy Conservation in SHM 7.6.1 relate potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) with total *
energy for a body oscillating with SHM;

7.7 Free and Forced Oscillation 7.7.1 exemplify free and forced oscillation; *

7.8 Resonance 7.8.1 exemplify resonance; *

7.9 Damped Oscillations 7.9.1 explain damped oscillation; *

7.9.2 list different applications of damped oscillation. *

Physics 11
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
8. Waves Students should be able to:
8.1 Wave Motion 8.1.1 describe periodic waves; *
8.1.2 exemplify the propagation of waves; *
8.1.3 define progressive waves; *
8.1.4 explain energy transfer through a progressive wave; *
8.1.5 differentiate between transverse and longitudinal waves; *
8.1.6 solve word problems using V = f λ; *

8.2 Speed of Sound 8.2.1 relate the speed of sound with the properties of the medium in *
which it propagates;
8.2.2 describe Newton’s formula for the speed of sound; *
8.2.3 discuss Laplace’s correction to Newton’s formula; *
8.2.4 explain the effects of pressure, density and temperature on the *
speed of sound in air;
8.2.5 show the expression V = Vo + 0.61 t; *

8.3 Superposition of Waves 8.3.1 state the principle of superposition of two waves; *
8.3.2 describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves; *
8.3.3 explain the formation of beats using diagrams; *

8.4 Stationary Waves 8.4.1 describe the formation of stationary waves using graphs; *
8.4.2 define the terms nodes and antinodes; *
8.4.3 describe the formation of stationary waves in a string; *
8.4.4 classify the harmonic overtones in a string; *
8.4.5 identify the formation of stationary waves in a vibrating air *
column;
8.4.6 solve word problems using L = n λ / 2; *

Physics 12
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
8.5 Doppler’s Effect 8.5.1 define Doppler’s effect; *
8.5.2 derive the relation between the original frequency of source of *
sound and the apparent frequency detected by the listener in
four different conditions;
8.5.3 solve word problems using the above relations; *
8.5.4 explain the application of Doppler’s effect in electromagnetic *
waves;
8.5.5 apply Doppler’s effect to understand the working of radar, *
sonar, satellites and red and blue shifts.

Physics 13
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
9. Physical Optics Students should be able to:
9.1 Nature of Light 9.1.1 discuss different points of view about nature of light; *
9.1.2 discuss the concept of wave-front; *
9.1.3 describe Huygen’s principle; *
9.1.4 relate linear superposition of light with Huygen’s principle; *

9.2 Interference of Light 9.2.1 describe coherent sources of light; *

9.2.2 define interference of light; *
9.2.3 state conditions necessary for the interference of light; *
9.2.4 explain Young’s double slit experiment; *
9.2.5 derive relation for fringe spacing and use the relation in solving *
word problems;

9.3 Interference in Thin Films 9.3.1 describe basic concept of interference in thin films; *

9.4 Newton’s Ring 9.4.1 exemplify the formation of Newton’s rings; *

9.5 Michelson’s Interferometer 9.5.1 describe the working and uses of Michelson’s interferometer; *

9.6 Diffraction of Light 9.6.1 define diffraction of light; *

9.6.2 describe diffraction of light by diffraction grating; *
9.6.3 describe diffraction in a narrow slit; *

Physics 14
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
9.7 Bragg’s Law 9.7.1 define Bragg’s law; *
9.7.2 describe X-rays diffraction through crystals; *
9.7.3 describe the applications of X-rays diffraction in medical *
physics;
9.7.4 derive the equation 2 d sin θ = m λ and use this equation for *
solving word problems;

9.8 Polarisation 9.8.1 describe unpolarised and polarised light; *

9.8.2 explain polarisation with reference to transverse waves; *
9.8.3 explain the production of polarisation by a polaroid; *
9.8.4 describe the applications of polarisation in daily life. *

Physics 15
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
10. Thermodynamics Students should be able to:
10.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases 10.1.1 state basic postulates of kinetic theory of gases; *
10.1.2 calculate pressure on a gas molecule inside a gas container; *
10.1.3 interpret temperature in terms of kinetic energy; *

10.2 Gas Laws 10.2.1 derive Boyle’s and Charles’s law with the help of kinetic *
theory of gases;

10.3 Internal Energy 10.3.1 explain that internal energy is function of ‘state’ and is *
independent of paths;

10.4 Work and Heat 10.4.1 describe the forms of energy transfer between systems, i.e. heat *
flow and work done;
10.4.2 explain work in terms of change in volume; *
10.4.3 solve word problems related to the work done in *
thermodynamics system during a volume change;

10.5 Thermodynamics 10.5.1 define the ‘thermodynamics’ and ‘thermal equilibrium’; *

10.5.2 explain the 1st law of thermodynamics; *
10.5.3 apply the 1st law of thermodynamics in (a) isothermal, *
(b) adiabatic, (c) isobaric, (d) isochoric processes;
10.5.4 calculate on the basis of the 1st law of thermodynamics *
a. change in internal energy,
b. work done on the system,
c. work done by the system;
10.5.5 explain the 1st law of thermodynamics in terms of conservation *
of energy;

Physics 16
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
10.6 Specific and Molar Specific 10.6.1 define the terms specific heat and molar specific heat; *
Heat of Gases 10.6.2 explain C p  Cv *
10.6.3 show that C p − Cv = R by using 1st law of thermodynamics; *

10.7 Reversible and Irreversible 10.7.1 compare reversible and irreversible reactions; *
Process

10.8 Second Law of 10.8.1 explain the 2nd law of thermodynamics using schematic *
Thermodynamics diagram;

10.9 Carnot Engine 10.9.1 describe heat engine with reference to the 2nd law of *
thermodynamics;
10.9.2 explain the working principle of Carnot engine with its four *
processes with PV diagram;
10.9.3 derive the formula for efficiency of Carnot engine and use it in *
solving word problems;

10.10 Refrigerator 10.10.1 describe refrigerator as a reverse of heat engine; *

10.10.2 derive expression for the coefficient of performance of a *
refrigerator;

10.11 Entropy 10.11.1 explain ‘entropy’; *

10.11.2 describe positive and negative entropy; *
10.11.3 explain that increase in entropy is an evidence of increase in *
temperature of a system;
10.11.4 discuss environmental crisis as an entropy crisis. *

Physics 17
Physics
Part II (Grade XII)
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
11. Electrostatics Students should be able to:
11.1 Electrostatics 11.1.1 describe charge and types of charge; *

11.2 Coulomb’s Law 11.2.1 explain Coulomb’s law for static charges; *
11.2.2 describe the effect of medium on Coulomb’s force; *
11.2.3 discuss the working of ink-jet printer and photocopier with *
reference to electrostatic;

11.3 Electric Field and Electric 11.3.1 define electric intensity; *

Intensity 11.3.2 derive an expression for the magnitude of electric field of a *
distance or from a point charge “q” and use the expression in
solving word problems;
11.3.3 compare electric field lines formed when *
a. same charges are brought together,
b. opposite charges are brought together;
11.3.4 describe the concept of electric dipole; *

11.4 Electric Flux 11.4.1 explain electric flux; *

11.5 Gauss’s Law with its 11.5.1 explain Gauss’s law; *

Applications 11.5.2 apply Gauss’s law to find the electric field intensity produced *
a. due to a hollow charged spherical,
b. due to an infinite sheet of charge,
c. between two opposite charged parallel plates;

Physics 18
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
11.6 Electric Potential 11.6.1 describe electric potential at a point as work done in bringing a *
unit charge from infinity to that point;
11.6.2 state unit of electric potential; *
11.6.3 describe electric field as potential gradient; *
11.6.4 derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a *
point charge;
11.6.5 define electron volt (eV); *
11.6.6 explain Millikan’s method to measure the charge on an *
electron;

11.7 Capacitor 11.7.1 evaluate capacitance of parallel plate capacitors in terms of *

area, distance and permittivity of free space;
11.7.2 calculate capacitance of different capacitors in series and in *
parallel using formulae;
11.7.3 describe the effects of resistance in charging and discharging *
of capacitors with the help of q-t graph;
11.7.4 describe time constant; *
11.7.5 describe that the product of RC has the same unit as time *
 = RC ;

11.8 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 11.8.1 prove that energy stored in a capacitor is W = ½ QV and *
W = ½ CV2;
11.8.2 explain polarisation of dielectric of a capacitor. *

Physics 19
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
12. Current
. Electricity Students should be able to:
12.1 Current Electricity 12.1.1 define electric current; *
12.1.2 describe the flow of current in a conductor; *
12.1.3 distinguish between conventional and non-conventional *
current;

12.2 Resistance 12.2.1 define resistance and conductance; *

12.2.2 define voltage; *
12.2.3 state Ohm’s law; *
12.2.4 explain factors affecting resistance; *
12.2.5 explain non-ohmic relationship between current and voltage *
for semi-conductor diode and a filament lamp;

12.3 Resistivity and Conductivity 12.3.1 define resistivity; *

12.3.2 define conductivity; *
12.3.3 differentiate between resistivity and conductivity; *
12.3.4 derive a relation between resistance and resistivity; *
12.3.5 describe the relationship between temperature and resistance; *
12.3.6 calculate the value of carbon resistance by using colour codes; *

12.4 Internal Resistance 12.4.1 define electromotive force (e.m.f.); *

12.4.2 derive a relationship between e.m.f. and potential difference *
(PD) with the help of formula;
12.4.3 discuss examples of effect of internal resistance on external *
circuit in terms of current and voltage;
12.4.4 define electric power; *
12.4.5 calculate the formula of power in terms of current (I), voltage *
(V) and resistance (R);

Physics 20
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
12.4.6 calculate the power dissipation due to the internal resistance of *
a circuit;

12.5 Kirchoff’s Laws 12.5.1 explain Kirchoff’s laws; *

12.5.2 explain conservation of charge in a circuit with the help of *
Kirchoff’s 1st law;
12.5.3 explain conservation of energy in a circuit with the help of *
Kirchoff’s 2nd law;

12.6 Potential Divider 12.6.1 exemplify potential divider; *

12.6.2 explain the construction and working of a rheostat with the *
help of a diagram;
12.6.3 explain the functions of a rheostat as a potential divider; *

12.7 Balanced Potential 12.7.1 describe Wheatstone bridge with the help of a diagram; *
12.7.2 calculate the unknown resistance by using a Whetstone bridge; *
12.7.3 describe potentiometre with the help of diagram; *
12.7.4 describe the measurement and comparison of e.m.f. by using *
potentiometre;
12.7.5 explain the accuracy of potentiometre for e.m.f.’s *
measurement and comparison.

Physics 21
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
13. Electromagnetism Students should be able to:
13.1 Current Carrying Conductor in 13.1.1 describe magnetic field due to current in a straight wire; *
a Magnetic Field 13.1.2 describe the direction of magnetic field produced by a current *
carrying conductor;
13.1.3 compare strong and weak magnetic fields; *
13.1.4 derive an expression for force, i.e. F = ILB sin  and use this *
equation for solving word problems;
13.1.5 describe magnetic flux and magnetic flux density and solve *
 
problems using  = B. A ;
13.1.6 describe factors governing field produced by long straight *
wire;
13.1.7 explain Ampere’s law; *
13.1.8 discuss applications of Ampere’s law in *
a. straight current carrying wire,
b. solenoid;

13.2 Force on a Moving Charged 13.2.1 derive an equation for force on a moving charge in a uniform *
Particle magnetic field and beam of particles and use this equation for
solving word problems;
13.2.2 calculate e/m value by using beam of charged particles in a *
uniform magnetic field;

13.3 Cathode Rays Oscilloscope 13.3.1 describe basic principle and uses of CRO; *
(CRO)

Physics 22
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
13.4 Current Carrying Rectangular 13.4.1 derive an expression of torque due to a couple acting on a coil *
Coils in a Uniform Magnetic and use this expression for solving word problems;
Field 13.4.2 define sensitivity of a galvanometre; *

13.5 Electrical Instruments 13.5.1 explain the principle, construction and working of *
a. galvanometer,
b. voltmeter,
c. ammeter,
d. AVO meter,
e. analogue digital multimetre (DMM);
13.5.2 explain different types of galvanometer; *
13.5.3 list the important steps to change a galvanometre into *
voltmetre and ammetre.
13.5.4 differentiate between analogue and digital multimetre. *

Physics 23
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
14. Electromagnetic Induction Students should be able to:
14.1 Law of Electromagnetic 14.1.1 describe electromagnetic induction; *
Induction 14.1.2 explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction; *
14.1.3 apply Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced e.m.f.; *

14.2 Inductance 14.2.1 distinguish between inductance and induction; *

14.2.2 explain self and mutual induction with formula and units; *

14.3 Energy Stored in an Inductor 14.3.1 derive the formula E = 1 L I2 ; *

2
14.3.2 show that the energy is stored in an inductor; *

14.4 Simple Alternating Current 14.4.1 describe principle, construction and working of an AC and DC *
(AC) Generator, Direct Current generator;
(DC) Generator and Direct 14.4.2 differentiate between AC and DC generators; *
Current (DC) Motor 14.4.3 discuss the effects of back e.m.f. in motor and back motor *
effects in generator;

14.5 Transformer 14.5.1 describe the principle, construction and working of a *

transformer;
14.5.2 differentiate between ‘step-up’ and ‘step-down’ transformer; *
14.5.3 list the uses of step-up and step-down transformers in daily *
life;
N V
14.5.4 derive s = s and Vs I s = V p I p for an ideal transformer and *
N p Vp
use it for solving word problems;
14.5.5 describe the simple energy losses due to eddy current and *
hysteresis.

Physics 24
Physics

Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
15. Alternating Current Students should be able to:
15.1 Root Mean Square Value (rms) 15.1.1 describe sinusoidal waves; *
15.1.2 define alternating current and alternating voltage; *
15.1.3 describe the following terms: *
a. time period,
b. frequency,
c. peak value;
15.1.4 calculate the rms value of alternate current and alternate *
voltage;

15.2 Alternating Current (AC) 15.2.1 explain the flow of AC through resister, capacitor and *
Circuits inductor;
15.2.2 explain ‘phase lag’ and ‘phase lead’ in a circuit through a *
vector diagram;

15.3 Impedance 15.3.1 derive the expression of impedance as vector summation of *

resistance in series (R-C and R-L) circuits;

15.4 Three Phase AC supply 15.4.1 describe three phase AC supply; *

15.5 Electromagnetic Waves 15.5.1 explain electromagnetic waves and spectrum (ranging from *
radio waves to gamma rays);
15.5.2 describe production, transmission and receptions of *
electromagnetic (EM) waves;
15.5.3 describe the amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency *
modulation (FM).

Physics 25
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
16. Physics of Solids Students should be able to:
16.1 Classification of Solids 16.1.1 define lattice and unit cell of crystalline solids; *
16.1.2 distinguish among the structures of crystalline, amorphous and *
polymeric solids;
16.2 Mechanical Properties of Solids 16.2.1 differentiate between elastic and plastic deformations in *
solids;
16.2.2 define tensile compression stress; *
16.2.3 define Young’s modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus; *
16.2.4 derive the formulae of Young’s modulus, shear modulus and *
bulk modulus;
16.2.5 define elastic limit and yield strength; *
16.2.6 deduce the strain energy in a deformed material from an area *
under the force and extension graph;
16.3 Electric Properties of Solids 16.3.1 define conductors, insulators and semiconductors; *
16.3.2 describe energy bands in solids; *
16.3.3 describe energy gaps in insulators and, intrinsic and extrinsic *
semiconductors;
16.4 Super Conductors 16.4.1 describe the behaviour of super conductors and their potential *
uses;
16.5 Magnetic Properties of Solids 16.5.1 state domain theory of magnetism; *
16.5.2 describe diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic solids; *
16.5.3 describe ferromagnets as a special case of paramagnets, *
magnetic dipoles and domains;
16.5.4 define the following terms: *
a. curie point,
b. soft and hard magnetic substances.

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Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
17. Electronics Students should be able to:
17.1 Electronics 17.1.1 define electronics; *

17.2 Semiconductor Devices 17.2.1 differentiate between conductors and insulators; *

17.2.2 describe semiconductors materials; *
17.2.3 differentiate between p-type and n-type semiconductors with *
the help of diagrams;
17.2.4 describe p-n junction and p-n junction diode with labelled *
diagrams;
17.2.5 describe forward and reverse bias; *
17.2.6 describe direct current; *
17.2.7 define rectification; *
17.2.8 describe half and full wave rectification; *
17.2.9 describe the function and uses of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) *
and photodiodes;
17.2.10 define transistor; *
17.2.11 distinguish between PNP and NPN transistor; *
17.2.12 deduce current equation and its application; *

17.3 Operational Amplifier 17.3.1 define operational amplifier; *

17.3.2 describe operational amplifier as an inverting and non- *
inverting amplifier;
17.3.3 explain the uses of transistor as a switch and as an amplifier; *

17.4 Digital System 17.4.1 describe logic gates; *

17.4.2 explain functions of logic gates with the help of truth table *
with two inputs;
17.4.3 relate different logic gates and their control function. *

Physics 27
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
18. Dawn of Modern Physics Students should be able to:
18.1 Special Theory of Relativity 18.1.1 distinguish between inertial and non-inertial frames of *
reference;
18.1.2 explain postulates of special theory of relativity; *
18.1.3 describe if the speed of light (c) is constant then space and *
time become relative;
18.1.4 describe the consequences of special theory of relativity; *
18.1.5 explain the amplification of *
a. mass increase,
b. time dilation,
c. length contraction for speed travel;

18.2 Quantum Theory 18.2.1 discuss the blackbody radiations using wavelength-energy *
graph;
18.2.2 describe laws governing blackbody radiations and their *
drawbacks;
18.2.3 explain Planck’s assumption for the existence of blackbody; *
18.2.4 describe that the radiations emitted and absorbed by *
blackbody is quantised;
18.2.5 discuss photon as an electromagnetic radiation; *

18.3 Photoelectric Effect 18.3.1 describe photoelectric effect; *

18.3.2 explain different features of photoelectric effect using a graph; *
18.3.3 derive Einstein’s photoelectric equation; *
18.3.4 define a photocell; *
18.3.5 list the uses of photocell; *

Physics 28
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
18.4 Compton’s Effect 18.4.1 describe the Compton’s effect; *
18.4.2 compare the phenomenon of pair production and pair *
annihilation;

18.5 Dual Nature of Light 18.5.1 describe particle nature of light; *

18.5.2 discuss the wave nature of light; *
18.5.3 state de-Broglie’s hypothesis; *
18.5.4 explain that every particle has wave nature as well as particle *
nature with the reference to de-Broglie’s hypothesis;
18.5.5 describe Davison and Germer experiment; *
18.5.6 state the uncertainty principle; *
18.5.7 explain the uncertainty principle with the help of an *
experiment.

Physics 29
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
19. Atomic Spectra Students should be able to:
19.1 Atomic Spectra, Spectrum of 19.1.1 describe the origin of different types of optical spectra; *
Hydrogen, Bohr’s model of 19.1.2 analyse the experimental facts of hydrogen spectrum; *
Hydrogen Atom 19.1.3 describe Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen atom; *
19.1.4 explain hydrogen spectrum in terms of energy levels; *
19.1.5 derive an expression for quantized radii; *
 1 1 *
19.1.6 prove 1 λ = R H  2 − 2  ;
p n 
19.1.7 solve word problems related to the SLO 19.1.6; *

19.2 Emission Spectrum 19.2.1 deduce spectral lines through discrete electron energy level; *

19.3 Excitation and Ionization 19.3.1 define excitation potential and ionisation potential; *
Potential 19.3.2 determine ion energy and excitation energy levels of an atom *
using an energy level diagram;

19.4 Inner Shell Transition and 19.4.1 describe inner shell transitions; *
Characteristics 19.4.2 explain production and characteristics of X-rays based on *
inner shell transition;
19.4.3 explain the production, properties and uses of X-rays; *

19.5 Lasers 19.5.1 describe the following terms: *

a. spontaneous emission,
b. stimulated emission,
c. meta-stable state,
d. population inversion,`
e. laser action;
19.5.2 describe the structure and functions of main components of *
He-Ne laser gas.

Physics 30
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
20. Nuclear Physics Students should be able to:
20.1 Composition of Atomic Model 20.1.1 describe a simple model of an atom to include electrons, *
protons and neutrons;

20.2 Atomic Number, Mass 20.2.1 define the following terms: *

Number, Isotopes and Isobars a. atomic number,
b. mass number,
c. isotopes,
d. isobars;
20.2.2 determine number of protons, neutrons and nucleons for the *
A
specification of nucleus in the form Z X ;

20.3 Mass Spectrograph 20.3.1 describe the principle, construction and working of mass *
spectrograph;

20.4 Mass Defect and Binding 20.4.1 define the following terms: *
Energy a. mass defect,
b. binding energy;
20.4.2 identify (graphically) variation of binding energy per nucleon *
using mass number;
20.5 Radioactivity 20.5.1 define the term ‘radioactivity’; *
20.5.2 list the properties of  ,  and  radiations; *

20.6 Law of Radioactive Decay 20.6.1 explain the process of radioactive decay; *
20.6.2 describe  ,  and  decay with balanced equations; *
20.6.3 define half-life of a radioactive element; *
20.6.4 derive an equation for first and second half-life from the decay *
of radioactive element;

Physics 31
Physics
Cognitive levels
Topics and Sub-Topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
20.7 Detection of Ionizing Radiation 20.7.1 describe the effect of  ,  particles and  rays on matter; *
20.7.2 analyse the nature of radiations emitted from a radioactive *
particle by using Wilson cloud chamber, Geiger-Muller
(G.M.) counter and solid state detector;

20.8 Nuclear Fission and Fusion 20.8.1 differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion; *

20.9 Nuclear Reactor 20.9.1 explain the working principle of a nuclear reactor; *
20.9.2 list the various types of nuclear reactor; *

20.10 Nuclear Radiations and 20.10.1 discuss the biological effects due to exposure of nuclear *
Exposure radiations;

20.11 Medical Physics 20.11.1 describe uses of radiations for medical diagnosis and therapy; *
20.11.2 describe importance of limiting exposure to ionising *
radiations;

20.12 Basic Forces of Nature 20.12.1 describe basic forces of nature; *

20.13 Building Blocks of Nature 20.13.1 describe the modern view of the building blocks of matter *
based on hadrons, leptons and quarks.

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