LOPEZ, Larry John August 30, 2023

ALIPING, Meryl Joy

I. INTRODUCTION
The analysis of the relationship between weather patterns and plant and livestock well-
being is a crucial aspect of agricultural science. By studying how weather variables like
temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind affect crops and livestock, researchers and
farmers can make informed decisions to optimize agricultural practices, improve yields, and
ensure the health of both plants and animals.
For crops, understanding temperature variations during different growth stages is crucial,
as certain crops thrive under specific temperature ranges. Likewise, rainfall patterns influence
soil moisture levels affecting irrigation needs. Livestock analysis includes assessing temperature
extremes and their impact on animal stress, reproduction and behavior. Heat stress, for instance,
can lead to reduced feed intake.
As climate change introduces new weather challenges, this analysis becomes even more
vital in building resilient agricultural systems capable of adapting to evolving conditions.

II. OBJECTIVES
1. To explain the plant and livestock weather relationship;
2. To differentiate the weather elements; and
3. To understand the effect of the weather elements on the growth and development of
plants and livestock.

III. MATERIALS
Internet resources, devices, social media platforms, appropriate references and drawing
paraphernalia.

IV. PROCEDURE
1. Research on the different weather elements that significantly affects the growth and
development of plants and livestock, provide a sample picture with proper labelling
and description.
2. Enumerate the parameters needed to be considered on measuring physical growth
characteristics for plants and livestock.
3. In your own words of at least 1 paragraph with a minimum of 15 sentences, explain
the effects of each weather elements in plants and livestock.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Various weather elements have a significant impact on the growth and development
of plants and livestock. Some key factors include:
Temperature: extreme temperatures can stress plants and animals. Frost can damage
plants tissues, shoots and flowers of our perennial crops. This damage will depend first
of all on our crop and on the temperature itself, while heatwaves can cause stress in
livestock. Hot, humid conditions can lead to massive heat casualties in animals- in
livestock as well as wild animals. These events will become more extensive, longer
lasting and more damaging as the world warms, potentially threatening economies and
ecosystems.

RAINFALL: adequate rainfall is crucial for plant growth, as it provides water for
photosynthesis and nutrient absorption. Access to sufficient water supplies is essential
for successful and sustainable farming. Droughts can lead to water stress and reduced
crop yields. On the other hand, excessive rainfall can cause damage and crop loss.
HUMIDITY: High humidity can promote the spread of diseases in plants and animals.
The growth rate of plants generally increases under conditions of high humidity. Lush,
tropical forests exist, in part, because of frequent rain and high humidity. High humidity
reduces water stress of a plant so that photosynthesis can function smoothly. If the
humidity is low, the dryness of the air can put stress on the plant and cause wilting. This
is especially true if soil moisture is inadequate. Low humidity can lead to dehydration
and stress.

SUNLIGHT: sunlight is essential for photosynthesis in plants. A lack of sunlight can

result in stunted growth, while too much sunlight can lead to sunburn and heat stress in
livestock.

WIND: strong winds can physically damage plants and create a drying effect, increasing
water loss. Wind also reduced likelihood of frost, providing air movement that will dry
the outer leaves of a plant and therefore prevent the growth of fungal diseases. Assists
with the pollination of wind pollinated plants and aid the drying of hay or grains before
harvest. Windbreaks are often used to protect crops and animals.
FROST: frost can damage plant cells, affecting growth reducing yields. Tissues that are
in secondary growth are usually get affected by freezing; this can also cause a shrinkage
effect on cells. Livestock may require shelter and extra care during frost events.

STORMS: severe storms, like hurricanes or tornadoes, can cause physical damage to
crops, disrupt livestock operations, and lead to soil erosion.

AIR QUALITY: poor air quality, due to pollution or other factors, can impact both
plants and animals. It can hinder photosynthesis and respiratory functions.

SEASONAL CHANGES: changes in temperature and daylight hours influence plant

flowering, fruiting, and dormancy. Livestock behavior and reproductive cycles are also
affected.
SOIL MOISTURE: excess water from heavy rainfall can lead to waterlogged soils,
affecting root health. Conversely, drought can cause soil to become dry and compacted.
CLIMATE PATTERNS: long-term climate patterns, such as El Niña and La Niña, can
result in extended periods of drought or excessive rainfall, impacting agricultural
productivity.
2. When measuring physical growth characteristics for both plants and livestock, there
are several important parameters to consider.

For Plants:

Height or Length: measure the vertical growth of the plant from the base to the tip.
Stem diameter: measure the thickness of the stem/ trunk, which indicates growth and
overall plant health.
Leaf Area: Calculate the total area covered by the plant’s leaves, an indicator of
photosynthetic capacity.
Number of leaves/ Branches: count the leaves or branches, helping assess branches and
foliage density.
Flowering/Fruiting: monitor the production of flowers and fruits as a sign of
reproductive growth.
Time to Maturity: track the time taken for the plant to reach full maturity.
As a result, some of the factors that can be used to evaluate plant growth include
the number of cells on a leaf's cross-section, the thickness of a leaf's epidermis (upper),
water uptake intensity, rate of eructation, rate of perspiration, rate of relative growth
(RGR), leaf-to-body-weight ratio (LWR), ratio of leaf area (LAR), leaf surface area
(SLA), duration of the lead area (LAD), growth rate in absolute terms (AGR), weight of
individual leaves (SLW), crop development rate (CGR), ratio of net assimilation (NAR).

For Livestock:

Weight: regularly weigh the animals to assess overall growth and health.
Height at Withers: measure the height from the ground to the highest point in between
the shoulder blade.
Body Length: measure the length of the body from the head to the base of the tail.
Chest Girth: measures the circumference of the chest just behind the front legs.
Hip Width: measure the distance between the hips, indicating body frame and growth.
Body Condition Score: evaluate the animal’s fat coverage and overall body condition.
Age: keep track of the animal’s age to understand growth patterns and development.
 3. Extreme temperatures, either hot or cold, can stress both plants and livestock. High
temperatures can lead to wilting, reduced growth, and even death in plants.
Livestock can suffer from heat stress, decreased appetite, and lower milk production.
Cold temperatures can damage plants, leading to frost damage or even killing them.
Livestock may require additional shelter and care to stay warm. Adequate rainfall is
crucial for plant growth. Insufficient rainfall can lead to drought stress, stunted
growth, and crop failure. Too much rainfall, on the other hand, can cause flooding,
soil erosion, and disease in plants. Livestock can also be affected by heavy rain,
leading to muddy and unsanitary conditions that impact their health. High humidity
levels can promote the growth of fungal diseases in plants. It can also contribute to
heat stress in livestock, as animals have more difficulty regulating their body
temperature in humid conditions. Strong winds can physically damage plants by
breaking branches, uprooting young plants, and causing soil erosion. Livestock can
be stressed by constant exposure to strong winds, leading to discomfort and
decreased productivity. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis in plants, allowing
them to produce food. However, excessive sunlight and UV radiation can also lead
to sunburn, reduced growth, and other stress-related issues. Livestock can suffer
from heat stress if they are exposed to intense sunlight for extended periods. Poor air
quality due to pollution or other factors can negatively impact both plants and
livestock. Plants may have reduced photosynthesis rates, and their leaves can be
damaged by pollutants. Livestock can experience respiratory issues and other health
problems when exposed to polluted air.

VI. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the influence of various weather elements on the growth and

development of plants and livestock is undeniable. A harmonious balance of temperature,
precipitation, humidity, sunlight, wind, and other factors is essential for optimal
agricultural productivity and the well-being of animals. The delicate interplay of these
elements affects not only the physical aspects but also the physiological and behavioral
aspects of plants and livestock.

Agricultural practices need to adapt to changing weather patterns and extreme

events, as they can lead to significant challenges such as droughts, floods, and
temperature extremes. Strategies such as improved irrigation systems, shelter
construction, crop selection, and livestock management can help mitigate the adverse
effects of unfavourable weather conditions.

Moreover, research and technological advancements continue to play a vital role

in understanding and managing the impact of weather on agricultural systems. Remote
sensing, climate modeling, and data-driven decision-making offer tools for predicting
weather patterns and making informed choices to ensure sustainable agricultural
practices.

Ultimately, recognizing the intricate relationship between weather elements and

agricultural outcomes underscores the importance of holistic approaches that consider
both the needs of plants and the well-being of livestock. By doing so, we can strive for a
more resilient and productive agricultural sector that can better withstand the challenges
posed by a changing climate and ensure food security for a growing global population.
REFERENCE(S)

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https://chelal.com/en/blog/first-aid-frost-damage
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from https://thebulletin.org/2022/07/extreme-heat-animals-livestock-wildlife/
Go Weather (2023). Forecast Weather: Elements of weather and Instruments use to measure
them. Retrieved from https://goweatherforecast.com/news/elements-of-weather-and-
instruments-measuring-them-135
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