FORCE

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THE Issued on the authority of

THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF
Royal Canadian Air Force
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MAY 1956
Vol. 8, No. 4

;
* * CONTENTS * * *
This Month's Cover

ARTICLES
Few Are Chosen - ••••• 1
Helicopters: Part Two . 6
The Party Line: The R.C.A.F.'s Police Force 15
Civvy Street or Service Life? . 19
Vapour Trails: 3 . 25

REGULAR FEATURES
The Suggestion Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
What's the Score? . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. 22
Pin-Points in the Past 24 N.A.T.O. students gaze in awe at one of Canada's
R.C.A.F. Association 27 oldest inhabitants during a visit ta Dinosaur Pork,
Letters to the Editor . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . 32 near Calgary.

MISCELLANY
358 Years' Service 5
Roof-Top Rites 21
The Essential Oil . 26
Canadian Services Colleges' Tournament 29
"Against the Sun" .. 30
The Queen's Commendation.................. 31
Last Danish Spitfire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 32
The Right to Criticize .. 32 EDITORIAL OFFICES :
The Obvious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 R.C.A.F., Victoria Island,
Night Take-Off . .. 32 Ottawa, Ont.

Authorized as Second Class Mail, Post Office Deportment, Ottawa.

 John Griffin Library

CANADA'S AIRMEN V.C.s

BY SQUADRON LEADER C. L. HEIDE, D.F.C.

]'as place: France. The time: chines. The first enemy 'plane was
1917. just getting airborne when a short
Just after dawn on the morning burst from the Nieuport sent it
of June 2nd, a lone Nieuport scout crashing to the ground. The second
cruised over a German aerodrome German to take off climbed only
ten miles behind the front lines. silghtly higher before 30 rounds
The young Canadian pilot at the fired from close range sent it into
controls was searching for the ene- a tree. Two more of the enemy rose V.C.s; at the Coronation parade in
my on their own doorstep. Finding to attack. The Canadian quickly 1953, a stand for winners of the
no signs of activity, he flew to an- shot down the first of these, and award was erected outside Bucking-
other aeodrome about three miles then emptied his remaining drum ham palace.
away, where seven enemy machines, of ammunition into the other. His In 1855 Queen Victoria, her at-
some with their engines running, 'plane out of ammunition and rid- tention focussed on the many deeds
were on the ground. From a height dled by machine gun fire from the of valour that had occurred in the
of 50 feet, he raked the parked air- ground, the Allied flyer headed for Crimean War, recognized the need
craft with machine-gun fire. The home, dodging enemy patrol air- for an award that could be given
German pilots raced for their ma- craft on the way. for outstanding gallantry in action
Thus "Billy" Bishop, later to serve against the enemy; an award that
his country in another World War could be given to all ranks, male or
Air Marshal W. Bishop, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.,
as Air Marshal Bishop, V.C,, D.S.O., female, whatever their colour, race
D.F.C. (Photograph taken during First and Bar, M.C., D.F.C., Chevalier of or creed, on the merits of bravery
World War.)
the Legion of Honour, and Croix de alone. On 29 January 1856, the
Guerre with Palm, became the first Royal Warrant was signed which
Canadian airman to win the coveted brought the Cross into existence,
Victoria Cross His amazing total of making its award retroactive to in-
72 enemy aircraft destroyed was the clude 62 acts of bravery performed
largest of any British pilot. during the Crimean War.
j
* Since that time it has been
This year marks the hundredth awarded to 1,380 persons, all men.
anniversary of the establishment of Three officers <two Englishmen and
the Victoria Cross, and Her Majesty one New Zealander) have had the
the Queen has invited Common- unique distinction of winning a Bar
wealth and Empire winners to Lon- to the V.C. It has been awarded
don in June to attend centenary to 94 Canadians, the first of whom
ceremonies to commemorate the was Lieutenant A. R. Dunn during
occasion. There have been two pre- the Battle of Balaclava in 1854,
vious gatherings, also in London, of while he was serving with the Brit-
Victoria Cross winners. In 1929 the ish Army's 11th Hussars. Of the
the Prince of Wales, now the Duke Canadian winners, seven were air-
of Windsor, held a special dinner men, but of these seven only Air
which was attended by 22 Canadian Marshal Bishop can attend the
 plane fighters. By superb manoeuv- and after a short burst it broke up
ring, he enabled Hammond to fire in the air. At the same time a
at the enemy 'planes in turn until Fokker biplane attacked him and
three were shot down, although the he was wounded in the right thigh,
observer was wounded six times and but managed, despite this, to shoot
McLeod himself five times. Finally down the enemy aeroplane in
a German incendiary bullet pene- flames. He then found himself in
trated the gas-tank, setting the air- the middle of a large formation of
craft on fire. Fighting the flames Fokkers, which attacked him from
'
I all directions, and he was again
I and smoke, McLeod stepped out of
his cockpit on to the bottom plane severely wounded in the left thigh,
1 and leaned over to grasp the con- but succeeded in driving down two
i trol stick. In that position he side- of the enemy in a spin.
"He lost consciousness after this
slipped from 5,000 feet to the
l: ground, the wind pressure of the and his machine fell out of control.
! slip blowing the flames away from On recovery he found himself being
, Hammond who continued firing un- again attacked heavily by a large
1 til McLeod made a crash-landing in formation, and, singling out one
Af
"No-Man's Land". Then, in spite machine, he deliberately charged
of his wounds, he dragged his ob- and drove it down in flames.
Lt. A. McLeod, V.C. "During this fight his left elbow
server from the burning wreckage,
being further wounded by a falling was shattered and he again fainted,
ceremonies in London this year. He bomb in the process, until they were and on regaining consciousness he
is the only survivor. in comparative safety. He then found himself still being attacked;
j
collapsed from exhaustion and loss but, notwithstanding that he was
In the summer of 1913 Alan Mc- of blood. now severely wounded in both legs
Leod was 14 years old and already This gallant action earned Lt. and his left arm shattered, he dived
looking forward to a military career. McLeod the Victoria Cross and Lt. on the nearest machine and shot
Coming into Winnipeg from his Hammond a Bar to his Military it down in flames.
birthplace in Stonewall, Manitoba, Cross. But Alan McLeod never re- "Being gravely exhausted, he
he persuaded the C.O. of the 34th covered from his wounds. After a dived out of the fight to regain our
Fort Garry Horse Regiment to ac- long siege in hospital, he returned lines, but was met by another for-
cept him as a recruit; and he went to Canada in September 1918. Here, mation which attacked and en-
for summer training. On the out- his lungs weakened by smoke and
break of war in the following year, flames, he died of influenza two
however, his attempts to enlist met months later. Wing Cdr. W. G. Barker, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

with failure. He was too young: * [ere=OAS=Pass=z2

2 -=
= -=----- -
the minimum age for enlistment The First World War was almost
was eighteen. On his eighteenth over on 27 October 1918, when Ma-
birthday, 20 April 1917, McLeod left jor W. G. Barker, having shot down
to join the Royal Flying Corps. 50 enemy aircraft and having been
Arriving in France in November awarded the D.S.O,, M.C. and two
1917, McLeod quickly proved him- Bars, set out in his Sopwith Snipe
self to be a cool and skilful pilot.
Flying in reconnaissance aircraft,
which carried an observer in the
with orders to return to England.
This cross-country flight culmi-
nated in one of the most sensa- ,
l
I

rear, he would often get out of a

tight situation by sheer nerve and
brilliant flying, and then turn
tional fights of the war, for which
Barker was awarded the Victoria
Cross. Only rarely does an official
~
j
!{
j
around to his observer and laugh citation describe in detail the ac- []
out loud with exuberance. tion involved:
On the 27 March 1918, he and
Lieutenant Hammond, his observer,
were attacked while on a bombing
"On the morning of the 27th Oe.
tober, 1918, this officer observed an
enemy two-seater over the Foret de'
[[
j 1
I

sortie by a formation of Fokker tri- Mormal. He attacked this machine, ==a I

2
deavoured to cut him off, but, after craft quickly sank. With only one
a hard fight, he succeeded in break- serviceable dinghy, the crew of
ing up this formation and reached eight took turns going into the icy
our lines, where he crashed on water to ease the strain. Hornell's
landing." inspiring courage and leadership
Major Barker recovered from his helped keep alive their spirits
wounds and returned to civilian life during the long hours of darkness.
in Canada in 1919. Attracted by the After 21 hours in the sea, during
Service, he was commissioned as a which time both engineers died
Wing Commander in the C.A.F. in from exposure, they were picked up
1922, remaining in the Air Force by a rescue launch. Horne!, blind
until 1926, when he again returned and suffering greatly from exhaus-
to civil life to join the Fairchild tion, died shortly after being res-
Aviation Company. But fate then cued.
dealt him a cruel blow. On 12 March For this display of "valour and
1930, he crashed to death over devotion to duty of the highest or-
Rockcliffe aerodrome while demon- der", Flt. Lt. David Hornell was
strating a new aircraft. A stalled justly awarded the Victoria Cross-
engine did what the combined skill the first such award to a Canadian
of many enemy pilots had failed airman in the Second World War.
to accomplish. Flt. Lt. D. Hornell, V.C.
Thus at the end of the First
World War three Canadian airmen On the night of 4 August 1944, the
were entitled to place the initials School at the Wesley United Lancaster pathfinder force mark-
V.C. after their names, and to a Church in Mimico. He was always ing the target at Trossay St. Maxim,
lifetime pension of £10 a year-not a strong favorite with the children, came under heavy and accurate
an inconsequential sum in 1856. who nicknamed him "Bud". anti-aircraft fire. With several air-
k
• More than four years later, on 24 craft lost, including the deputy
During the Second World war June 1944, FIt. Lt. Hornell was cap- master-bomber, the success of the
many acts of outstanding heroism tain of a Canso aircraft flying on attack by the main force depended
necessarily went unnoticed and un- anti-submarine operations from upon the master-bomber, Sqn. Ldr.
recognized. The sudden and violent Iceland. A U-boat was sighted Ian Bazalgette. Nearing the tar-
end of an aircraft, with its com- fully surfaced and travelling at get, his Lancaster was hit severely;
plete crew, often left without record high speed. At once Hornell turned both starboard engines were put
deeds which deserved the award of to attack. The U-boat's captain out of action, serious fires broke
the Victoria Cross. Many were decided to fight on the surface, and out in the fuselage and the star-
worthy, few were chosen; and it opened up with fierce and accurate board mainplane, and the bomb-
seemed to some that, after almost anti-aircraft fire. The Canso was aimer was badly wounded.
five years of war, Canadian airmen hard hit. Big holes were torn in Despite the appalling conditions
were being denied the highest the wing and the fuselage, and the in the burning aircraft, Bazalgette
award for bravery. Then suddenly, starboard engine caught fire. Hor- pressed on to the target, marking
over a period of seven weeks, the nell pressed home the attack, bring- and bombing it accurately. The
actions of three Canadians flyers ing the aircraft down very low and Lancaster then dived out of control.
resulted in the award of V.C.s. A releasing the depth charges in a By expert airmanship he regained
fourth followed a year later. Unfor- perfect straddle. The bows of the control although the port inner en-
tunately, all were posthumous. U-boat rose out of the water, top- gine failed and the starboard main-
David Hornell joined the R.C.A.F. pling some of its crew overboard plane became a mass of flames. The
in January 1940. He was 30 years before plunging beneath the sur- mid-upper gunner was overcome by
old, and, had he delayed joining for face. fumes. Ordering those of his crew
three weeks more, he would have By this time the Canso was in a who could do so to leave by para-
been too old for aircrew under the desperate state. The burning star- chute, Bazalgette fought to land the
regulations then in existence. A na- board engine vibrated off and fell crippled and blazing aircraft and
tive of Toronto, he was keenly in- into the sea. The captain turned save the lives of the bomb-aimer
terested in the young people of the into wind and landed safely in a and air-gunner. Skilfully avoiding
community and taught in Sunday heavy swell, but the burning air- a small French village, he landed

3
 were soon in the thick of the battle. engines were put out of action and
By July they were striking at Japan fires broke out in the port wing and
itself, Lt. Gray leading his flight in the mid-upper turret where Myn-
with cool precision and courage. His arski was the gunner. The flames
inspired fighting during July re- soon became fierce and the captain
sulted in the recommendation and ordered the crew to abandon the
subsequent award of the D.S.C., aircraft.
which was actually gazetted on 18 Making his way to the rear es-
August. But on the morning of 9 cape-hatch, Mynarski saw that the
August, six days before the end of rear gunner was trapped in his tur-
the war against Japan, as he led ret, which was immovable. Without
his section away from the Formi- hesitation he made his way through
dable, he had no knowledge of the the flames in an endeavour to re-
recommendation or of the forth- lease his friend. While he was do-
coming award. ing so, his parachute and clothing
As the pilots approached the na- were set on fire. His efforts were
val base at Onagawa Bay, they in vain, and the trapped gunner
could see five Japanese warships eventually indicated that nothing
lying at anchor. The combined an- more could be done. Reluctantly go-
ti-aircraft barrage from the ships ing back through the flames, Myn-
and shore batteries steadily in- arski stood in the escape hatch
Sqd. Ldr. 1. Bazalgette, V.C., D.F.C. creased in intensity and accuracy. and, as a last gesture of farewell,
the aircraft safely. It then ex- Selecting a destroyer, Gray dived stood to attention in his flaming
ploded, killing him and both his into the barrage. His 'plane was clothing and saluted before jump-
comrades. hit again and again. Weaving and ing. He was seen descending, and
Born in Calgary in 1918, Ian Ba- ablaze, he held steadily to his course was eventually found, by French
zalgette moved with his family to and bore down to within fifty yards people on the ground; but he was so
England at the age of nine, where of the ship before releasing his severely burned that he died from
he lived in New Maldon, Surrey. A bombs. They struck amidships and his injuries. The gunner miracu-
quiet, studious person, his hobbies the destroyer sank almost imme- lously survived the crash to tell the
were books, photography, and class- diately, but, before it disappeared, story of what had happened.
ical music. He wrote many essays Gray's riddled Corsair had dived An average Canadian boy whose
on the latter, although he played into the waters of the bay. hobbies were woodworking and
no musical instrument. His cour- "Hammy" Gray was a warm and
age arose from personal character, friendly person, popular among his
shipmates. Deceptively youthful in Lt. R. H. Gray, V.C., D.S.C.
a quality of heart and mind which
set the lives of his crew above his appearance, he was mature enough
own, a quality rewarded by a pos- to be an inspired leader and to set
thumous Victoria Cross. his principles above life itself. His
j
was the only Victoria Cross awarded
Canadian airmen fought the ene- to the R.C.N. during this war.
my in all parts of the world as
members of almost every Service When the war ended and the
that flew aircraft. Among some prisoners of war were liberated,
two hundred serving with the Royal some oustanding acts of bravery
Navy's air arm was Lieutenant Rob- previously unknown were revealed.
ert Hampton Gray of Nelson, Brit- Among them was one which brought
ish Columbia. He entered the a posthumous V.C. to Pilot Officer
R.C.N.V.R. in 1940 directly after Andrew Charles Mynarski.
graduation from U.B.C., where he On the night of 12 June 1944,
had been an extremely popular and Lancaster "A-Able" took off from
active student. Middleton St. George to make a
In April 1945, the British aircraft low-level attack on the marshall-
carrier HM.S. Formidable joined ing-yards at Cambrai. Attacked by
the Pacific Fleet, and her airmen an enemy night-fighter, both port

4
 Pilot Officer A. C. Mynarski, V.C. background. They came from all
walks of life, from varying social
strata. Within the age-limits of
painting, Mynarski was born in aircrew, they were both young and
Winnipeg on 14 October 1916. After old. All that they had in common
graduating from high school, he was the courage that won for them
was a leather-worker for four years the Commonwealth's most honoured
before joining the R.C.A.F. decoration.
j
In the words of the Royal war-
Such are the stories of the seven rant: "Neither rank, nor long serv-
Canadian airmen who have been ice, nor wounds, nor any other cir-
awarded the Victoria Cross. Their cumstances or condition whatso-
valour was not the result of any ever save merit of conspicuous
special military training or the dis- bravery shall be held to be a suffi-
cipline imposed by any particular cient claim for the honour."

358 YEARS' SERVICE

z 7 ?
?
I'
4. ,
j

At a recent gathering held at Watts, FIt.Lt. R. P. Williams, W.O.1 W.O.1 E. Bartlett. Kneeling <left to
No.6 R.D, Trenton, on the occasion W.J. Ing, W.O.2 A. Burley, Sqn.Ldr. right) : Sqn.Ldr. R.F. Herbert, Sqn.
of the retirement of W.O.2 A. Bur- R.S. Davis, Group Capt. T.A. Sprus- Ldr. L West, FIt.Lt. J.E.M. Laroche,
ley, the years of service of the four- ton, M.BE, FIt.Lt. E. Dewsnap, Sqn.Ldr. H.N. Hinton, W.O.1 F. Hill.
teen officers and airmen present
totalled to 358. This group, which
had served together as aircraftmen
at Camp Borden from 1929 to 1937
(during the great days of W.O.1
Leonard John Dyte), averaged 25
years' service for each member.
In delivering the farewell ad-
dress, the Commanding Officer of
No.6 R.D., Group Capt. T.A. Sprus-
ton, M.B.E, stated that he and
Warrant Officer Burley had peeled
potatoes together on duty-watch
detail when they were both L.A.C.s
in 1930. Warrant Officer Burley
retired after 28 years' service as a
cook and messing officer.
Shown in our photograph are
(standing, left to right) : Wing Cdr.
J.M. Enstone, M.B.E., W.O.1 T.E.
HELICOPTERS

THEIR HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND FUTURE

PART TWO

BY FLYING OFFICER P. H. CHRISTENSEN

smaller lifting disc-area at that

(The first part of this article outlined briefly the history of helicopters point and thereby reducing the lift
in general from the time when Leonardo da Vinci envisaged the possibility and preventing an excessive force
of such machines. It then defined the true helicopter, and proceeded to
being transmitted to the rotor. Sec-
list the advantages and disadvantages of the six commonly accepted
ondly, the blade is feathered by
types of rotor systems. Editor.) periodic changing of the blade's
angle of attack during each revolu-
blade, "resulting in a reduced blade- tion. The blade angle is at a mini-
OPERATION mum on the advancing blade and
tip speed." As lift is a function of
] oDER to take advantage of the the speed of the aerofoil section, a at a maximum on the retreating
helicopter's ability to hover and differential lift is induced across blade as it progresses in azimuth. A
move in a vertical plane, one con- the rotor, which sets up a rolling more detailed account of these phe-
trol is required in addition to those moment in forward flight when the nomena will be given later.
of a conventional aircraft. The fol- blades are all at the same angle The pilot obtains lateral and
lowing description and diagrams through the azimuth. Flapping and longitudinal control by means of
are not complete or detailed but will feathering are used to eliminate the cyclic stick (see Figs. 16, 17, and
serve as a brief introduction to the this rolling tendency. When the 18). When the "cyclic" is operated,
various types of controls, their blade is hinged at the root it is per- both moments and forces are ap-
uses, and the way in which they mitted to flap, thus presenting a plied to the helicopter which pro-
operate the rotor system.
Fig. 14 illustrates the general ar-
rangement of the flight controls in Fig. 14. Flight controls.
any helicopter, while a schematic
layout of the collective and cyclic
controls as they operate the rotor
blades on a semi-rigid system is
shown in Fig. 15. Lateral and longitudinal control.

Flight in the horizontal direction

is accomplished by inclining the ro-
tor axis to give a horizontal com-
ponent of thrust. Since there is
translational motion between the
rotor and the forward component,
each blade operates under different
conditions as it rotates.
As the blade advances, it has a
higher relative velocity than the
retreating blade because the for-
ward speed of the aircraft must be
added to the tip-speed of the blade,
while the speed of the aircraft is
subtracted from the retreating

6
 tive", he also operates the motor-
cycle-type throttle-control, thus
making adjustments to the amount
of engine power delivered to the ro-
-Rotating rocker arm (upper links move up together when tors. While this operation might
center of rocker arms is moved up appear simple at first, it is in fact
by collective pitch sleeve, and move
cyclically when swash plates ore tilled) a very critical one, and its non-ob-
servance has resulted in needless
Lower swash plate (mounted on gimbals----·· ±
7y,\73 accidents. If synchronization be-
which allow it to tilt but not to rotate
or lo move vertically) tween the amount of power deliv-
Gear case (phantom) fed to fuselage ·Pilot's control ered to the rotors and the blade
slick
Collective pitch sleeve vertical positioning ; pitch is not controlled carefully,
mechanism->
the rotors will either fall below the
critical r.p.m., with a resultant loss
in lift, or the r.p.m. will be too high,
and overstressing and ultimate
• Collective pi/ch sleeve failure of the rotor hub and/or
(moves up and down while blades will ensue.
rotating with shaft)
The directional control of the
Fig. 15. Control system of conventional helicopter. helicopter as it rotates about its

duce rolling moments about the

centre of gravity, causing the heli-
copter to tilt. The tilt causes a
component of the rotor thrust vec-
tor to act in the direction of tilt.
The lateral and longitudinal con-
trol acts on the fuselage, tilting it
and imparting a sideways motion to Fig. 18. Pitch.
the helicopter in the case of lateral
control, and a pitching motion for
longitudinal control.
For flight in the vertical direc-
tion the pilot raises or lowers the
collective pitch-control so as to in-
crease the pitch on all blades. Col-
lective pitch-change acts on all
blades equally and simultaneously.
As the pilot operates the "callee- Fig. 17. Tandem rotor roll.

Fig. 16. One lifting rotor roll.

vertical axis is obtained by oper-
ating the rudder pedals. The meth-
od of obtaining the forces for this
control is governed by the type of
rotor system in use. The single lift-
ing anti-coning rotor is shown in
Fig. 19, the tandem and lateral ar-
rangements appear in Fig. 20 and
21, the coaxial is illustrated in Fig.
22, and the jet power rotor system
in Fig. 23.
While there may appear to be a
different method of blade attach-
ment to the rotor hub on each type

7
 ~

Fig. 23.
Fig. 19. Fig. 22.

used most extensively, because the fact, because of the variation in

flapping hinge imparts· properties blade-tip speed in azimuth, the
important to stability and control, angle of attack varies as each blade
while the Jag hinge is important advances, thereby equalizing lift
primarily in the control of vibration over the whole rotor disc (see Fig.
characteristics. 26).
In forward flight all the blades While, as mentioned in the pre-
have the same pitch at the same ceding paragraph, there is a var-
place in the plane of rotation. Each iation in the angle of attack of
blade advances into the wind for each blade, any increase or de-
180° and retreats from the wind for crease of collective pitch affects all
the remaining 180°. If the helicop- blades. To simplify the explanation
ter is travelling 100 m.p.h. and the of directional flight, the variation
blade-tip speed is 400 m.p.h., the in the distribution of the angle of
advancing blade-tip speed will be attack will be ignored. In hovering
Fig. 20.
500 m.p.h. and the retreating blade- flight and at zero airspeed, the
tip speed will be 300 m.p.h. Since lift exactly equals the gross weight
the lift on any aerofoil section of the helicopter. In hovering flight
is a function of the speed at conditions (see Fig. 27) all rotor
which it is travelling, it will be blades have the same amount of
seen that, in order to equalize collective pitch, and the angle of
the lift all around the disc, the attack is assumed in this case to
angle of attack (or pitch) of the be 15°. The tip-path plane of the
advancing blade will have to be less rotor is at right angles to a line
than that of the retreating blade, perpendicular to the earth's sur-
because it is travelling faster. In face.

Fig. 21.

of helicopter produced, there are

only three systems:

1. The fully artlcula ted system. In

which the blades are attached to the
hub by hinges, leaving the blades
vLag hinge
free to move up and down on the
flapping hinges and to swing back
and forth In the plane of the disc
on the lag hinges (see Fig. 24). This
system ls used in the Piasecki and
Sikorsky helicopters.
2. The semi-rigid type, as In the Bell
(see Fig. 25).
3. The rigid type, which is not em-
ployed on helicopters in large-scale
Axis of
production. rotation
The fully articulated system is
Fig. 24.

8
 This change of the blades up or example, in a four-blade system,
down is referred to as "flapping up each blade supports % of the gross
or down". When the tip-path plane weight. Since the coning angle
is horizontal, the flapping motion must be kept small in order to ob-
of the blades is very nearly con- tain the greatest possible lift, cen-
stant, and the average angle made trifugal force is the largest force
by the blade is called the "coning
angle". The coning angle (Fig. 30) Fig. 26.
increases with increased loads on
the blades. It will remain constant
during flapping up or down pro-
vided that the collective pitch re-
¢©IC #IT€# €ONT#O
mains the same.
Fig. 25.
€OLE¢tIVt #EE€M €ONTO
¢OLE€ITV 4 ¢€T€IE€ #FE€M ¢ONTEO
The coning angle is determined
by two forces, lift and centrifugal
force, which act on the blades. With
For directional flight, the tip- respect to lift, each blade of a main
path plane is tilted in the desired rotor supports only part of the
direction, and when it tilts, the gross weight of the helicopter. For
thrust component of the rotor tilts
with it. Since the rotor thrust-
component always operates at right
angles to the tip-path plane when
it is tilted for directional flight, it
is resolved into two separate forces teer ip pat plane.
to act on the helicopter as a lift Fig. 27.
component and directional (or
pull) component. Sketches of these
operations are shown in Fig. 28.
For the hovering condition it was Dection of fgt,
c.g
assumed that 15° of pitch would
produce sufficient lift to equal the
weight of the helicopter and keep
it in hovering flight. By operating
FORWARD s»
the cyclic stick, say, to the forward
position, the tip-path plane is tilted
forward and the highest point of "I <
the blade will be over the tail while
the lowest is over the nose.
It will be seen from Fig. 29 that
the blade with the greatest angle
=: ¥5 Siick.

BACK WARD
of attack is located, not over the
lifl.

t w,.L
tail as might be expected, but 90°
before the blade reaches the tail Fig. 28.
~
position or (for other than forward ~~
Stick.
flight conditions) the position
where the highest part of the tip-
path plane is desired. The advance- SIDEWAYS
ment of the angle of attack is
known as the "angle of precession",
and it is the angle of rotation by
lift. t lift. L ~
rn,. Poll +Ls
which a change in pitch must be
- -- (}
made to produce a change of the / I
rotor disc either up or down in the I I
'«!
plane of rotation.

9
 mercial aviation. There are now, in
~lionofrolotion.
Wt ,ompoooot. t / Rotor thrust, Canada, two major overhaul and
repair centres for helicopters, and
~ ~
it is expected that facilities will ex-
Forward thrust component, pand and that others will become
established in the near future.
The most pressing problem with
existing models of helicopters is
that of reducing the operating costs
to bring them more in line with
fixed-wing aircraft. To date, all
20° helicopter manufacturers have been
c.g obliged to convert and use recipro-
Direction of flight.
cating engines designed for fixed-
Fig. 29.

acting on the blades. FIg. 31, which

illustrates the approximate ratio of
lift to centrifugal force, shows how Coning angle small,
the resultant force dictates the av-
erage coning angle or vertical
movement of the blade about its Low gross weigh),

horizontal flapping hinge.

For emergency landing, in case
of engine or other failure which
leaves the rotor system free to Fig. 30.
rotate, an autorotational descent
can be made. Autorotation is a
method of producing lift without
power but with the rotors free to (Not to scale.)
rotate as a result of aerodynamic Lift force is 1.

forces acting on the blades. The

upward movement of air through
the blades has two effects. First,
it assists in keeping the blades in
rotation; and secondly, it provides Average coning angle
lift. In the single main rotor system 6 to 8 degrees.
there is no torque effect, since the
engine is not running and the rotor
is not powered. Immediately engine
failure occurs, it is essential to put Centrifugal force is 8.
the blades into fine pitch in order
to take advantage of the stored
inertia in the blades and build up
high r.p.m. This technique will, if Fig. 31.
carried out properly, produce suf-
ficient lift to permit a safe and THE FUTURE wing aircraft. It is considered that
gentle landing. Autorotation has turbine engines will be almost ex-
been executed safely from above Prophecy is always a dangerous clusively used in future helicopters
12,000 feet on tandem rotor heli- business. It should be recognized,
of more than 7000 lbs. gross weight,
copters. Experience has shown that however, that the helicopter is no
with a preference for the free tur-
one type of rotor system is not safer longer a novelty. It is an absolute
bine engine. Turbine engines will
than another in case of rotor sys- necessity as an integral part of
decrease vibration problems and
tem failure, and a failure of this military operations, and it is fast
increase the payload capabilities by
nature precludes a safe landing. becoming equally important in com- obtaining a much more favourable

JO
 on
n

gross-weight/payload ratio. For

helicopters using more than two
engines, there will probably be little
difference between the free and
fixed turbine. It is interesting to
note that the Bristol 193 (Fig. 32),
with a gross weight of 17,000 lbs.,
will use the Napier free turbine,
while the 40-passenger Piasecki
H-16 (Fig. 33), with a gross weight
of about 35,000 lbs., is using the
T-58 turbine. These two aircraft Fig. 32. Bristol 193.

are scheduled to go into production

shortly.
Ultimately, the pure helicopter
(i.e. an aircraft whose lift and
thrust is developed only by the
main rotor) will probably reach
maximum forward speeds ap-
proaching 200 m.p.h. This will be
possible with the use of various
aerodynamic d e v i c e s such as
boundary-layer control on rotor
blades, and aerodynamic cleanli-
ness of blades, rotors, and fuselage.
Aircraft of this type will no doubt
fill the requirement for a utility ~
\.057"5
type of machine with a relatively ',
short range.
The next step towards increasing
the range and speed of the true
helicopter will probably be further
development of the compound type
such as the Bristol 190 series (Fig.
34). Here the stub wings (shown ?
attached to the fuselage and carry- Fig. 33. H-16.
ing the fore-and-aft undercarri-
ages) unload the main rotors dur- as conventional aircraft propel- Training-helicopters, of conven-
ing forward flight. In the future, lers. The Bell XV-3 convertiplane tional design and with reciprocating
with the rotors unloaded by these (Fig. 35) and the Transcontinental engines, will be required as heli-
stub wings, speeds up to 250-275 1-G convertiplane are examples of copter operations increase. There
m.hp. and ranges up to 1000-2000 this type. It is likely that this type will also be a heavy cargo or crane
miles may be attained by aircraft of high-speed, high-performance type of short-range transport. This
of this type. They will fill the need machine, capable of both fixed- flying crane may well be used as
for a medium-sized passenger/ wing and rotary-wing good all- part of a transport team - for
freight machine in both military round performance, will become the picking up pre-loaded packages at
and commercial aviation for the in- commercial and military machine factories or other bases and trans-
terim period during which the con- of the future. Britain's 44-passen- porting them to large fixed-wing
vertiplane is being extensively tested ger Fairey Rotodyne (Fig. 36), with aircraft for long-distance travel.
and proven. tip-powered rotor for take-off and The crane type of helicopter will
Further development of the com- conventional wings and propellers probably have a jet-driven rotor.
pound helicopter will lead to the for horizontal flight, is another type While the fuel consumption for a
convertiplane. Here the vertical of convertiplane. jet-driven rotor will be high, this
lifting rotors, mounted o wings, The true helicopter will be devel- can be accepted over a short range
will be rotated in flight to operate oped to meet special requirements. because of the great advantage in

11
 » us-

s
t&paax;
Fig. 34. Bristol 190.

the amount of power available and

the resultant lifting capability.
There are five general types of ro-
tor-tip jet-power systems used to
drive helicopter rotors. They are:
1. Turbo-jet.
2. Pulse-Jet.
3. Ram-Jet.
4, Pressure-jet.
5. Rocket.

The rocket system is ideally suited

for emergency power or as an auxil-
iary power boost system for take-
off.
The rocket-on-rotor (R.O.R.) sys-
tem has small rocket engines in the
tip of each rotor blade, powered by
Fig. 35. Bell XV-3 convertiplane.
a mono-propellant fuel. Once the
fuel is used, it must be replenished Mention might also be made here practicability of both vertical rising
on the ground. A schematic dia- of "tail-sitters", or direct-thrust and descent, and of conversion from
gram of a typical R.O.R. system is vertical risers, such as the Lockheed vertical to horizontal flight and
shown in Fig. 37. This system has and Convair, which have flown re- back again, such evolutions entail
a weight penalty. When weight/ cently. This type of aircraft has complete dependence on the turbo-
power ratios are more favourable been mentioned as a possible com- prop power-plant. Obviously one-
on both R.O.R. and helicopters, the petitor to helicopters. While the hundred-per-cent reliability of the
R.O.R. will probably be used for power-plant and propeller system
prototypes have demonstrated the
special overload lift requirements is mandatory for safe operation,
and emergencies. because neither conventional land-
Fig. 36. Fairey Rotodyne.
ing nor autorotation can be carried
out. For this reason, and because
the pilot is in a semi-reclined posi-
tion for landing and take-off it is
unlikely that this type of machine
will have any practical application
in the field of helicopter operations.
In the near future we can look
forward to the acceptance of the
helicopter, by the military and the
general public alike, for both large-
scale operations and scheduled
flights calculated from city centre
to city centre. It will be necessary
first, however, to improve the heli-
copter's ability to operate under any
weather-conditions on an equal
basis with fixed-wing aircraft.
 oped to give warning of buildings
[I-XRJ2RM? ROCKET ENGINE or uneven ground. With reliable
flight instruments in hand, it will
ROTOR BLADE PROPELLANT LINE be possible to develop an effective
instrument let-down system and
FLEX. LINE accurate navigational aids.
Other factors affecting the future
operations of 'copters will include
air traffic control procedures, heli-
copter identification, and naviga-
tion lighting.

CONCLUSION
One may well ask when all the
above improvements will come to
pass, The answer is that they will
/ come when the requirement is ur-
gent enough for some large agency
(
'
~ - FIR,NG sw,tcfj
ARMING INDICATOR LIGHT
SLIP RINGS
or agencies to spend the necessary
money on developments. Britain
and the U.S, as well as Canada, are
TIMER
ARMING SWITCH <
fast becoming aware of the poten-
} I\] (
tialities of helicopters, but, at the
last air show in Moscow, it became
Fig. 37. Typical R.O.R. system. evident that the Russians can at
least equal, and perhaps even sur-
Externally there are no great is not anticipated that, in passen- pass, our latest prototype achieve-
problems to de-icing the 'copter. ger- transport operations, aircraft of ments. Perhaps that fact may help
The electro-thermal method of high gross weight will be required, to accelerate our efforts.
de-icing can be applied very readily, The helicopter is inherently a As has already been pointed out,
when necessary, to the fuselage and dynamically u n s t a b I e machine. helicopters are most efficient when
the rotor blades. It is understood Therefore it will be essential to used on short hauls to carry heavy
that the Piasecki Corporation has have autopilots that will automa- loads. It takes little imagination to
already prototyped and whirl-tested tically stabilize the 'copter before see how helicopters could be used
some electro-thermally de-iced reliable instrument-flying can be as flying cranes to transport large
blades. Considering the peculiar accomplished. While some aspects and awkward pieces of equipment
requirements of helicopters to oper- of the development of helicopter either for commercial or for mili-
ate in icing conditions for extended auto-pilots present problems fun- tary purposes. Consider, for exam-
periods of time, the electro-thermal damentally different from those ple, how much easier it would be,
method will probably prevail over connected with fixed-wing aircraft, during the construction of large
the hot-air method which has re- progress has been steady. Auto- buildings, for a 'copter to lift com-
ceived some consideration for blade stabilization can be expected when plete units - and to put them into
anti-icing. Rotor heads can be the development of the necessary place, almost ready for use than
shielded from ice build-up, and flight instruments has been ef- to transport them one by one on
windshield anti-icing will not need fected. trailers through c row de d city
any new developments. Since the helicopter can perform streets. Civil Defence, too, must
The IF.R. machine of the future flying tasks in very low speed- certainly have a requirement for
will, of course, be multi-engined, ranges and close to the ground, it helicopters.
but capable of making emergency needs instruments better suited to The potentialities for salvage
landings on one engine. Such a this type of flying. Airspeed and operations, both commercial and
altitude instruments will have to be military, have yet to be explored. It
capability, if required in helicopters
of high gross weight, will of course much more reliable and accurate in is true that aircraft have been sal-
adversely affect the weight/pay- the lower ranges than they now are, vaged by helicopters, but this has
load ratio. On the other hand, it Then, too, a method must be devel- only happened when other methods

13
 ] 2g
t"

type of fire-fighting trucks. Rescue

t
or lowering of personnel by the res-

i
cue hoist could be readily effected
because of the helicopter's mobility
and of its ability to blow the fire
I in any desired direction. Unhamp-
ered by confusion on the ground,
this type of helicopter would also
·., be invaluable in many kinds of
emergency other than that of fire.
•.d~r:
I

{
• ::..:;,

; >
All the foregoing possibilities, and
many more, remain to be explored
if we are to maintain what we hope
Ne is our lead in technology. There is,
'
Jo»" --- admittedly, no single answer to all
our problems; but, since the heli-
',,1{ { copter has yet to be really exten-
. J • l! ·-·
sively employed in either commer-
Fig. 38. Piasecki "Fire-horse". cial or military operations, how do
have proved impossible. In actual Another interesting possibility is we know that its optimum utiliza-
fact, though, heavy salvage opera- a helicopter fire-truck such as pro- tion might not well mean the dif-
tions can almost always be effected posed by Piasecki (Fig. 38). By use ference between victory or defeat
both more easily and efficiently by of such equipment, it would be pos- either in war or in the competitive
helicopter than by any alternative sible to bring fires under control in world of peace?
means. places inaccessible to the present
Cn d

Flt. Lt. E. A. DeLong. The Chief of the Air Staff has combination protractor and sono-
written a letter of thanks to the buoy plotter which is of consider-
undermentioned officer for an orig- able value to the navigators of
inal suggestion which has been of- maritime aircraft both in ensuring
ficially adopted by the R.C.A.F. the accuracy of sonobuoy plots and
Flt. Lt. E. A. DeLong, of Maritime in increasing the speed of laying
Air Command H.Q, designed a sonobuoy patterns.

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Beginning with Vol. 8, No 1, "The Roundel" hos contained 32 instead of

48 pages. Contributors are therefore asked to bear with us when we hold ac-
cepted manuscripts for severals months before publishing them. The reduction
of available space compels us in some cases to delay the publication of mater-
ial whose interest is not appreciably lessened by a short lapse of time --
e.g. articles of a historical or reflective nature, book reviews, etc.
 Prepared by the Air Force Police Branch,
Directorate of Air Force Security.

INTRODUCTION Since the 17th century, when the cipline Branch, he selected seven
Provost Marshal's organization be- assistants who, with commissioned
ALTHOUGH Our Air Force Police is came a military body, its role has ranks, would represent him in the
one of the youngest military police changed to the protection of the Commands. Of these seven, six
forces in the world, with a history Serviceman and his equipment in came directly into the Service from
of only sixteen years, it is never- order to preserve his efficiency as civil police agencies.
theless rich in experience gathered a fighting man. In late 1941, the Guards and Dis-
during the Second World War and
cipline Branch reached sufficient
during the uneasy peace that has HISTORY OF THE AIR FORCE size to warrant the formation of a
followed. Furthermore, its roots are POLICE separate directorate; and the
grounded in 300 years of military Directorate of Provost and Security
police tradition. Before the outbreak of war in
Services, embracing the Service
It was in 1643 that King Charles 1939, the R.C.A.F. had no police
Police and Security Guard Bran-
the First of England issued the organization, and such police duties
ches, was formed. A Special Inves-
following instruction: as were necessary were carried out
tigation Section was created within
"The Provost must have a horse by General Duties airmen without
the Directorate, with the respon-
allowed him and some soldiers to special training. The number of
sibility of conducting all criminal
attend him, and all the rest com- personnel employed in this capacity
investigations in the R.C.A.F. It is
manded to obey and assist, or else was small, and in June 1939 the total interesting to note that many of
the service will suffer, for he is but establishment for R.C.A.F. Station the personnel of this Special Inves-
one man and must correct many, Trenton was one corporal and three tigation Section went on after the
and therefore he cannot be beloved. aircraftmen. war to distinguish themselves in
And he must be riding from one In July 1939, thought was given senior police positions in towns and
garrison to another, to see the to the creation of a trade of Service cities across Canada.
soldiers do no outrage nor scathe Police. After successful completion
of a suitable course, personnel were After the war the Service Police
the country."
In point of fact, the Provost to qualify for the trade of Service dwindled from a peak of nearly
Marshal's organization, although Police with a "C" grouping. Nothing 5000 officers and men to some 5
not as the strictly military body we was done, however, until October officers and 60 airmen. The out-
know today, goes back 900 years to of that year, when the first provost break of the Korean War, however,
the Norman Conquest, when the officer was appointed. The first together with Canada's responsi-
first Provost Marshal accompanied police course began at Toronto on bilities under N.A.T.O., brought
William the Conqueror to England. the 2 December 1939, and classes about a general expansion in the
From that time until the 17th cen- were held in the "Bull Ring" of the R.C.A.F. and a consequent increase
tury, the Provost held powers of Canadian National Exhibition in the Police Branch. In November
life and death over soldiers and which doubtless seemed an appro- 1950 the Directorate of Air Force
civilians alike. According to a 15th priate place in which to conduct a Security was formed and made re-
police course! sponsible for the prevention of
century historian, it was not lawful
for the men of the Provost Marshal The first Provost Marshal was espionage, sabotage, and subver-
to go about at any time without appointed in March 1940. Author- sion, for the maintenance of law
their halters, withes, and' strangl- ized to form, within the Directorate and order, and for ground defense
ing-cords. of Personnel, a Guards and Dis- training of all personnel in the Air

15
Force. Ground Defense became a
separate directorate in 1953.

FUNCTIONS
Today the mission of the Air
Force Police is:
• the protection of classified informa-
tion,
• the protection of R.C.A.F. material
against sabotage,
% the protection of R.C.A.F. civilian
and Service personnel against sub-
version, and
• the prevention, detection, and inves-
tigation of crime.

The primary purpose of the Air

Force is, of course, to carry out air
operations. When, therefore, we A flight of Air Force policemen on parade in Ottawa.
consider the disastrous effects that
espionage, sabotage, and subversion
can have on air operations, the im- hampered or their effectiveness investigation, and detection of
portance of protection from these nullified at a critical time.) crime).
forms of covert attack can be read- Although priority must be given
ily understood. Espionage can rob to the prevention of espionage, Commands, Groups, and Divi-
us of our advances in military sabotage, and subversion, the im-
sions.
science, disclose our weaknesses portance of the prevention of crime
and strengths, and give away our in the Service must not be for- The Staff Officer Security is re-
methods of defence to a potential gotten. Crime, too, can impair the sponsible to the A.O.C. for security
enemy. Sabotage can destroy our efficiency of the force. The loss to and police functions within the
aircraft and installations for de- the Air Force, resulting from crime, Command.
fence before they can be used. Sub- can be serious far beyond the grav-
version can undermine confidence ity of the individual offences. A Units.
and morale, and reduce efficiency carelessly dropped cigarette can
and the will to resist. Thus, the Air cause the destruction of a costly The unit Air Force Police are
Force Police must necessarily give and important installation, the responsible to the C.O. for the
first priority to that part of its theft of equipment can hinder an security and policing of the unit.
mission which aims at countering air operation or endanger life.
these threats. Crime is contagious; it grows if not Special Investigation Bureau.
(Let us remind the reader here suppressed in time. It is the duty
that no security measures and no of the Air Force Police to see that Responsible to A.F.H.Q., the Spe-
efforts of the Air Force Police will it is stamped out wherever it cial Investigation Bureau is estab-
provide effective security unless appears. lished on a regional basis in Europe
they receive the complete support and in all provinces of Canada
and co-operation of everyone con- except Newfoundland.
ORGANIZATION
cerned with their success. Security
against covert attack is not just the To accomplish the vital security RECRUITING
responsibility of commanders and mission assigned to it, the Air Force
police personnel; it is the individ- Police is organized as follows: Men and women apply to join the
ual responsibility of all Air Force Air Force Police for many different
personnel, both Service and civilian. reasons; but, whatever their rea-
A.F.H.Q. sons, Air Force policemen and
Intelligent co-operation with the
Air Force Police a co-operation Responsible to the Director of Air policewomen need intelligence,
which stems from an awareness of Force Security are the Security patience, strength of character, and
the danger to be combatted is Branch (for security of informa- sometimes bravery. They must also
essential in ensuring that the air tion, personnel, and materiel) and have a calm and judicious ap-
operations of the R.C.A.F. are not the Police Branch (for prevention, proach to their calling.

16
 The Air Force Police contains in Military Intelligence, Camp Borden, al danger, and they must always
its ranks men and women drawn and the Canadian Provost Corps be alert to protect themselves and
from many sources. Its personnel School, Camp Shilo. Air Force others in the vicinity.
include ex-members of the R.C.M.P. Police officers and N.C.O.s are reg- The Air Force police are ready at
and of the provincial, municipal ularly included in the R.C.M.P. all times to assist the airmen of
and railway police forces of Cana- College courses at Regina and the unit. To this end the guard-
da. There are members of the Lon- Rockcliffe, and in the Maritime house is a general information
don Metropolitan Poice, and many Police School at Halifax. centre for all newcomers. The
British city and county police police run a lost-and-found bureau
forces are represented. A number DUTIES AT UNITS on each unit, and recover articles
have served with the British mili- The primary function of the Air lost on trains and other forms of
tary police and intelligence organ- Force police on units is the protec- public transport. It is a rare day
izations, and the British colonial tion of life and property, and to indeed when the unit police are not
police forces have contributed ex- this end all efforts are bent. called upon to help someone who
members from Palestine, Malaya, Whether conducting sec u r i t y needs the benefit of their knowl-
Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai, checks to ensure that all classified edge and contacts. Not long ago an
and Rhodesia. The largest number, matter is adequately protected, or airman was beaten and robbed in
however, have come into the force quelling a disturbance or directing a city near his unit. His appeal for
as inexperienced personnel and traffic, the purpose of their duties help to his unit brought prompt
have been trained by the R.C.A.F. is the same: the protection of serv- action. The Air Force police, with
In late 1951, women were rein- ing personnel and public property. the assistance of the civil police,
troduced into the trade of Air Force Air Force police maintain a 24-hour were able to bring about the arrest
Police. Policewomen are established watch on the station, and many of of the assailant and recover a por-
on all units having a complement their duties are performed when tion of the stolen money for the
of more than 25 airwomen and at the rest of the personnel of the airman.
each Special Investigation Unit. unit are enjoying themselves in re- No policeman, no matter how
They are to be found at radar sta- creation or are asleep in bed. Dur- minor his task, can carry out his
tions in Canada and at R.C.A.F. ing week-ends or holidays you will duties efficiently without giving his
Wings overseas. They receive the always find an Air Force policeman whole-hearted support to the poli-
same training as men, even to the on duty. They maintain patrols in cies he must execute. But his effi-
manly (or womanly) art of self- all weather, by day and by night; ciency is also predicated to a large
defence. Although they fulfill a for there is no real substitute for extent upon the support he receives
normal police function, they are the man on patrol, who, as he goes from the rank and file of airmen,
primarily concerned with air- quietly on his rounds, is quick to
women. notice any unusual circumstance. Cpl. Patricia McGrath finger-printing an
Air Force police handle the fin- airman at R.C.AF. Station St. Hubert.
TRAINING ger-printing and photographing of
All members of the Air Force personnel for identification pur-
Police are required to attend the poses, they take care of the custody
Air Force Police training course at and escort of Service prisoners,
R.C.A.F. Station Aylmer, Ontario, they supervise the control of entry
regardless of previous experience. to the unit, and they investigate
In addition to this basic course, Air Service and criminal offences. They
Force Police are accepted for train- must often spend long hours in the
ing by various police schools in investigation of crime, frequently
Canada, the United States, and working overtime. They are called
Great Britain. Training is also upon to handle all disturbances on
provided in special fields, such as the unit and sometimes off the
identification and interrogation, unit in adjacent towns, when
and selected personnel are given RC.A.F. personnel are involved.
training in arson investigation Although these tasks are usually
within the R.C.A.F. and at Purdue performed quietly and without dif-
University in the United States. ficulty, there have been occasions
Air Force police have attended when Air Force policemen have
courses at the Canadian School of been confronted with great person-
 Force police stand ready at all
among whom he must move and sist in investigations which he con-
times to assist these agencies by
work. The police owe a duty to the siders beyond the capabilities of his
own police resources. Since this passing on information, gathered
airmen, but, conversely, the airmen in the course of their duties, re-
owe a great deal of responsibility to organization is established on a
regional basis in Canada and Eu- specting personnel who are, or may
the police. Law observance is far be, involved in criminal activities·
better than law enforcement. Law rope, its men are quickly available
to most units, and can, in most and, when requested, they will
observance is the exercice of a de- assist in locating potential wit-
sire and willingness from within to instances, be on hand to take over
an investigation in a few hours nesses or suspects from among
comply with established rules; law
from the time they are called. Service personnel.
enforcement is the exercise of a
power from without and general-
RELATIONS WITH OTHER POLICE
ly against the will of the individual.
FORCES CONCLUSION
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION BUREAU Air Force police deal constantly
The maintenance of law and
The Special Investigation Bureau with the public, and the rest of the
Air Force is often judged by the order, the prevention of crime, and
is established on a regional basis the apprehension of criminals are
with units in Edmonton, Toronto, appearance and bearing that these
men present. They are in constant the functions of civil police forces.
Montreal, and Metz (France), and
touch with other military and civil To carry out this task they have
with detachments of these units in special powers given to them by
Vancouver, Whitehorse, Calgary, police agencies. In Europe excellent
relations exist between the Air law. Like their civil police counter-
Saskatoon, Winnipeg, London,
Force Police and the French gen- parts, the Air Force police repre-
Trenton, North Bay, Ottawa, and
darmerie, the German security sent, within the Air Force, all the
Halifax. Each unit is commanded
by an Air Force Police officer; each police, and the British county police. majesty of the law, and are vested
detachment is in charge of a senior Patrols in Metz are conducted by by law with special powers to carry
NC.O. Their duties consists of the the Air Force Police and the out their duty of the maintenance
background enquiries necessary for U.S.A.F. Police jointly; in Rabat, by of law and order. Yet, unlike the
security clearances and the inves- the Air Force Police and the Mo- majority of civil police, they have,
tigation of crime. Some of their roccan Police. in addition to and transcending
work takes them far off the beaten The civil police, by making their this duty, the duty of protecting
track into northern Manitoba and facilities available, greatly assist the Air Force from espionage, sab-
Saskatchewan and the interior of the Air Force police in the perform- otage, and subversion.
British Columbia, where overnight ance of their duties. The work of That they are capable of ade-
accommodation is a sleeping-bag the latter would be difficult indeed quately fulfilling all their func-
thrown on the ground beside the without the constant co-operation tions, there is no doubt. But, as has
car and breakfast is served to the and assistance afforded by the civil already been said and cannot be
aroma of wood-smoke. police and by other military police too often repeated, they cannot do
The Special Investigation Bureau agencies. The training given by it alone. They are merely a part of
is manned in such a way that well these agencies, the assistance of the great team which works to keep
trained men are available for every their experts, together with the as- the R.C.A.F.'s aircraft effectively in
phase of investigative work. They sistance provided by the facilities the air, and the essence of all team-
are always at the call of any com- of their laboratories, are a constant work is co-operation between all
manding officer to conduct or as- support. On the other hand, the Air the components engaged in it.

a"
. «r»e Round©
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"a obipresstf?
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are the

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% ecessof" ,canadian
,4fact the

They do .¢ he RoyO

I
... 5inions 9
,icial OP" ,r Force. ·
 CIVVY STREET OR SERVICE LIFE?
0

BY FLYING OFFICER R. I. SCHOLES

(This year is a year of decision for many airmen in the R.C.A.F. whose Separate the civvy street of your
period of engagement is about to expire. The following article, which imagination from the civvy street
originally appeared in R.C.A.F. Station Moose Jaw's "Planesman", seems of reality, and compare its rewards
to us well worthy of publication throughout the Service. It was written with those of a well-paying Service
in order to explain, in down-to-earth terms, just what factors should be career. During the time you have
taken into consideration by Servicemen who find themselves faced with been in the R.C.A.F., you have be-
the necessity of deciding whether or not they should re-engage them- come a skilled tradesman, and the
selves with the Air Force. Editor.) purpose to which you put your skill,
and the benefits you obtain from it,
depend on you and your immediate
decision. Should you return to ci-
vilian life, you will be faced with
REALISM IN RECRUITING mon denominator in comparing any the problem of finding suitable em-
occupation or profession) these ployment. Many lay-offs in indus-
'[ as'
problem of enlisting men for are the factors that affect men's tries have made it increasingly dif-
military service is, of course, not a and women's decisions concerning ficult to obtain good jobs, and you
new one, but the approach to its the careers they should follow. will have to find a very good job
solution has varied considerably indeed in order to live on the scale
over the years. In bygone days a RELEASE v. RE-ENGAGEMENT
to which you have been accustomed
military band, parading down the Continually many of our airmen in the R.C.A.F.
main street to the accompaniment are reaching the period in their
of rousing martial tunes, would al- Service life when their original en- j jj ij

ways ensure that a few volunteers listment is about to expire. It is

r e a ch e d the recruiting-office. up to them then to choose between In order to discover just how
Earlier still, the old Press Gang was release or re-engagement, between generous your new employer would
an even more effective, if less dem- returning to civilian life or con- have to be to give you the equiva-
ocratic, method. Neither of these tinuing to serve in the R.C.A.F. lent of what you now receive in the
solutions, however, can provide the The purpose of this article is to R.C.A.F., we will take the hypo-
complete answer to the R.C.A.F.'s draw comparisons between Service thetical case of L.A.C. Joe Smith,
recruiting problem today. Nor do and civilian occupations, with em- with three years' seniority as a
flag-waving campaigns, appeals to phasis on the financial returns of- Group 3 tradesman. Study the fig-
patriotic emotions, or similar exhor- fered by each. There is often a ures carefully.
tations, have the same response in tendency to estimate our personal L.A.C. Smith's employer would
peace-time as in times of national value to the Air Force rather gener- have to:
emergency. ously, but let us not allow this self-
The RC.A.F.'s approach to the assurance to develop into over- con- • Pay him a basic salary of $184
fidence, nor let us permit ourselves per month. If Joe marries, the
question is, therefore, a realistic employer would have to fork
one. It appreciates the need to pro- to labour under the delusion that over an additional $30 per
vide career opportunities equal to, three or five years in the R.C.A.F. month.
or even better than, those offered automatically qualifies us for key
positions in industry when we leave • Give him free board and lodg-
in civilian life. The financial secu- ing and, if Joe chooses to
rity and retirement benefits neces- the service. The final choice is one live off the plant with his
sary to attract a family man; fa- that every individual must make wife, he would expect a fur-
for himself, but, before deciding, he ther bonus of $91 to take care
cilities, privileges and amenities not of food and housing. If, on the
always available to the civilian em- should examine both sides of the other hand, Joe had lived in
ployee; and lastly, good on-the-job picture thoroughly and with hon- married quarters, he would
pay (which, after all, is the com- esty. expect his new employer to

19
 supply him a modern home he were single. A well-known lawyers, and school teachers, whose
(with heat, electricity, and insurance firm was asked to starting salaries are rarely over
water supplied) for a total quote the cost of a policy $3,600 a year.
monthly rental of $71. which would yield an income The above facts and f i g u r es,
of $272.00 a month for life,
• Guarantee him free hospital- starting at age 50. In the though they cannot be disproved,
ization. On civvy street, hos- event of death before the age are admittedy still facts and figures
pital fees are approximately of 50, the policy would provide and, as such, may seem cold and
$10 a day and doctors' fees only a return of premiums. impersonal. Accordingly, in order to
about $3 a visit. An appendix Such a policy would c o s t
operation costs in the neigh- $114.23 a month, starting at personalize " this article, "The
borhood of $300. Even more the age of 20 and continuing Planesman " interviewed four air-
important is the fact that an for 30 years i.e. a total of men who had accepted release and,
injury or operation invariably $41,122.80. The Defense Serv-
necessitates a lengthy lay-off. ices Pension Act scheme costs after periods of from six to eight
In civvy street, compensation about $6,600. Can you think of months, re-enlisted.
may possibly be paid, but it is a better way of saving $35,000
only a fraction of the em- over a 30-year period? Fur-
ployee's regular wage. In the thermore, remember that life FOUR ACTUAL CASES
R.C.A.F. no wages are lost expectancy at the age of 50 is
through time off, and, in most another 25 years, d u r i n g L. A. C. Brian Bellingham
cases, sick-leave with full pay which time Joe would receive L.A.C. Bellingham served as an
and allowances is granted in 25 x 12 x $272.10, or $81,630.
order that the patient may A.E. Tech. overseas on a jet squad-
fully recover before returning { ron, and, on his return to Canada
to work. and with his completion of three
If you are a single man or woman years' service in January 1955, de-
• Provide him with free dental
treatment. Teeth extractions contemplating re-engagement, the cided to try "something different".
and fillings cost from $3 to $5 foregoing facts and figures will be He received his release and took
each, dentures about $75. of vital interest to you. If you are his jet experience to the doors of
• Allow him thirty days' leave a married man, they become even Canadair, Avro, and Rolls-Royce.
on full pay as opposed to more important. Good housing and He was told that, on account of
the average of two weeks' hol- an education for his children are previous lay-offs, union members
iday on civvy street - as well the responsibilities of every married
as ten statutory holidays per would have to be re-hired before
year, plus time off at Christ- man. Will the job you are contem- consideration could be given to his
mas and the New Year. plating provide you with good mar- employment.
ried quarters and free schooling? He then decided to try the U.S.A.
• Guarantee him progressive Furthermore, will it offer marriage
pay. (And let us remember, After receiving his visa, he travell-
too, that there have been four and subsistence allowances, as well ed south to apply to Pratt & Whit-
increases of Service pay since as separated family allowances? We ney and other aircraft firms. There
1946.) would suggest that the answer is he was told that firms engaged on
• Offer him the opportunity of NO. government contracts could only
travel both in Canada and Personal financial security plays hire American citizens, and that it
overseas (plus travelling-al- such an important role in our would take him five years to obtain
lowances). society today that the money com- his citizenship.
• Provide him with the best of ing into your pocket at the end of Bellingham then decided to re-
recreational facilities. each month will perhaps be the turn to his pre-Service textile trade.
greatest factor affecting your deci- It was in this field that he found
• Pay him a substantial cloth-
ing allowance. sion to return to civilian life or stay that, although jobs were available,
with the R.C.A.F. Note well what the pay was not comparable to the
• Present him with an excellent you are now earning and what you
pension plan. There is no pay and allowances offered by the
doubt that the R.C.A.F. has may expect to earn in the years to RC.A.F. By the time his room and
one of the best pension plans come, and remember a very con-
in existence. Take the case of board were paid, he had little left
servative estimate shows that, to
the man who joins the Service for himself. The result: L.A.C. Bel-
at the age of 20 and is retired parallel in civvy street the life you
lingham is now back in the Service,
at 50 as a W.O.1, having serv- are now leading as an airman, you far happier and wiser.
ed 6 years in that rank. At would have to earn at least $350.00
current rates of pay (1 April per month, or $4,200 a year. That is,
1956), he would receive a pen- L.A.C. Gerald McNutt
sion of $272.10 a month if he you would have to make more than
were married, and $248.10 if young graduate engineers, doctors, An S.E.Tech., L.A.C. McNutt was

20
serving at C.J.A.T.C., Rivers, M an., years when his time for re-engage- was stationed at Comox, B.C., for
when his three-year term was com- ment came up. He was competent more than two years, and in May
pleted. On his release in January in his trade and proud of it. Un 1955 received his release because he
1955, feeling that it was time for a fact, he had been recommended for wished to get back to his father's
change, he sought employment with promotion, and, but for his release, farm on the prairies. His plans
the Canadian Pacific Railway. He could possibly be a member of the going astray, he looked for work in
was taken on as a trainman, at Sergeants' mess at the present Regina and obtained a job with the
what seemed a substantial rate of time.) He therefore decided to try Provincial Government at a little
pay. But he soon found that, as a the radio and TV field in civvy over $200.00 per month. After pay-
trainman, his time was never his street. Upon release, he and his ing for the bare necessities of life,
own; he was called out on the job family moved to Deslisle, where he he found himself left with about
at all times of the day and night. opened his own radio and TV shop. $40 a month to spend in cash. He
He discovered, too, that his pay was Finding that business unsuccessful, compared his present position with
soon eaten up by union dues, cloth- he applied for positions with dif- his former life in the Service, and
ing expenses, room and board, etc., ferent radio and electrical firms. decided he was approximately $80
and before very long he realized He discovered, however, that the a month better off in the R.C.A.F.
that even railway pay could not only decent jobs paying enough Making his decision primarily on
compare with his former pay and wages to keep himself and family the basis of dollars and cents,
allowances, and that the regular were jobs that meant a great deal Harazany re-enlisted on 21 Novem-
routine of the R.C.A.F. was far of travel. Such a life being unsuit- ber in the R.C.A.F. He states: "I am
better than the on-again-off-again able for a family man, he and his more satisfied now after having
life of a railwayman. He also missed wife made the decision to return to seen how the other side lives, and
the facilities, such as canteens, the R.C.A.F., where he was re-en- I intend to stay in the Air Force
hobby shops, etc., of Service life. gaged as an L.A.C. with pay and until they ask me to leave".
Accordingly, in October 1955, he re- allowances totalling to $273 per
turned to the R.C.A.F. month. He says: "My family and I THE MORAL
are happy to be back in the Air
Force and we hope to make it a C o n s i de r carefully what the
Cpl. Stanely Morris R.C.A.F. has done for you and what
career."
Cpl. Stanley Morris, a Com.Tech., it still can do. And remember that
is married and has one three-year- your decision affects not only your-
L.A.C. W. Harazany self but also the defense of your
old daughter. He had been station-
ed at Bagotville, Quebec, for two AnA.E.Tech., L.A.C. Harazany country.
47<
.(,.•·' .:· "'
>
F yr
/·~ /'
,'

! LA.W.O. Bruce and Cpl. J. King

>, ensure themselves good luck by
f# touching the buttons of a Schorn-
steinjeger (chimney-sweep) as he
is about to descend a chimney at
Baden-Soellingen, where No. 4
(Fighter) Wing is based. The ori-
gin of the old tradition is lost, but
it probably has something to do
with the propitiation of the Black
Man (der Schwarze), or the Devil!
 (This month," writes Sgt. Shatterproof, 'I am bringing to a close my South Georgia is:
questionnaires on the Commonwealth of Nations. The status of its (a) The centre of a thriving guano In-
dustry.
various components seems to be changing so rapidly in this tempestuous
(b) Now being developed as an early-
era that I am disturbed lest the first of the series cease to be accurate warning station in the Penguin
by the time the final one is printed. Furthermore, who knows but that Line.
(c) The burial-place of Sir Ernest
even now, after reading the last five issues of 'The Roundel', the leaders Shackleton.
of the great powers may not be preparing to apply for membership in our (d) The only trading-post of the Hud-
son Bay Co. south of the equator.
far-scattered family? With such a possibility in mind, I have already
drafted letters to Sir Anthony Eden, Mr. Eisenhower, and Mr. Krushchev, 6. The little island of St. Helena,
suggesting a plan for converting the U.N. building in New York into low- a colony some 1,200 miles off the
rental housing jor unemployed diplomats." The correct answers appear, southern west coast of Africa,
as usual, on page 32.-Editor.) was discovered by the Portu-
guese in 1502, annexed by the
1. The name of Nigeria, a British 3. Another colony and protectorate Dutch in 1633 and by the British
colony and protectorate on the in W. Africa is Sierra Leone, East India Co. in 1659. The
west coast of Africa, was sug- with a population of 2,000,000. residents of St. Helena have
gested in 1900 by Lady Lugard, Discovered by the Portuguese never included:
wife of the territory's governor. twenty years before their settle- (a) Napoleon.
Its area is almost 3 ¼ times that ment of the Gold Coast, the col- (b) Africans liberated from slave-ships
by the British navy.
of the U.K.; its population ex- ony originated in the sale of a
(c) The famous Boer general, PIet
ceeds 30,000,000; and its leading piece of land by the native Cronje.
tribes, Mohammedan in faith, ruler to Capt. John Taylor, R.N., (d) The exiled Ashanti king, Prempeh.
have a highly developed culture in 1788. It was first used as a 7. St. Helena has two dependen-
of their own. The Cameroons home for Africans who, for cies: the island of Ascension
(pop. 1}% million), which adjoin various reasons, were destitute (about 800 miles to the north-
it, are administered in trust for in and about London. The year west) and another island (some
the United Nations. The first 1898 is memorable in the annals 1800 miles to the south). The
white man to explore the upper of Sierra Leone as marking: latter, uninhabited at the time,
reaches of the Niger River was: (a) The abolition of polygamy. was taken over by the British
(a) Erik the Red (951). (b) A massacre of missionaries. during Napoleon's exile on St.
(c) An oubreak of paganism among:
(b) Vasco da Gama (1497). the white traders. Helena, and, when the garrison
(c) Mungo Park (1796). (d) An outbreak of Christianity was withdrawn in 1817, an artil-
(d) Mango Chutney (1810). among the natives. lery corporal and his wife
2. The colony and protectorate of 4. The smallest British colony and elected to remain there. To-
the Gold Coast (about ¾ the protectorate in W. Africa is: gether with two ex-naval men
size of New Zealand and with and a few shipwrecked sailors
(a) Liberia (43,000 sq. miles).
more than twice its population) /b) Senegal (77,730 sq. miles). who later procured wives from
also administers the adjacent (c) Dahomey (43,232 sq. miles). St. Helena, they were the found-
territory of Togoland. The first (d) Gambia (4,003 sq. miles). ers of the present settlement of
white settlers were Portuguese, 230 or so people. The name of
in 1432. Gold is found there 5. Off the southern tip of S. Amer-
ica, in the Atlantic Ocean the island is:
in large quantities; and named
lie the Falkland Islands, with (a) Tenerlfe.
after the gulf in which the Gold
Coast is situated was the coin several small island dependen- (b) Tristan da Cunha.
cies bordering the Antarctic (c) Martinique.
known as the: (d) Fayal.
Continent (South Georgia, the
(a) Guinea. South Sandwich Islands, the 8. Named by the Moors Gebel-al-
(b) Doubloon. South Shetlands, the South
(e) Moidore.
Tarik, the colony of Gibraltar
(d) Pistole.
Orkneys, and Graham Land). has a population of 24,000 in its

22
 24 sq. miles. A promontory on 1609. Its House of Assembly: 15. British Honduras (or Belize), a
the extreme south of Spain, it colony in Central America, first
(a) Was reputedly built from the pro-
was taken from the Spanish by ceeds of buccaneering. became known to Englishmen in
the Dutch and British in 1704 (b) Was originally a residence of Sir about 1638. They were in con-
Henry Morgan.
and ceded to Britain in 1713. (c) Is the oldest legislative body (after stant conflict with the Spanish
Among its fauna are Europe's the British House of Commons) in for 160 years, and it was not
the Commonwealth.
only native: (d) Cannot include women among its until 1853 that a legislative as-
36 members. sembly was formally consti-
(a) Parrots.
(b) Monkeys. 12. The colony of the Bahamas tuted. The population is 73,000.
(c) Lemurs.
(formerly known as the Luca- The country is of great archaeo-
(d) Porcupines. logical interest, being rich in re-
yos) comprise about 3,000 is-
9. The island of Malta, a self-gov- lands of which only 20 are in- mains of the:
erning colony, has an average habited. The total population is (a) Aztecs.
population of 2,580 for each of 83,000. They flourished exceed- (b) Lemurians.
its 122 sq. miles. Probably colon- ingly during the American Civil le) Incas.
(d) Mayas.
ized by the Phoenicians in the War (by blockade-running) and
16th century B.C., it was held also during the years of prohi- 16. The colony of the Windward
subsequently by the Greeks, Ro- bition in the United States. Islands, all of which owe their
mans, Goths, Byzantines, Arabs, Their first white visitor was, al- discovery to Columbus, has a to-
and Spanish. In 1530 the Span- most certainly: tal population of nearly 300,000.
ish king gave it to the Knights The largest of the islands is:
(a) Columbus (1492).
of the Order of St. John of (b) Leif Erikssen (1000). (a) St. Vincent's - discovered on St.
Jerusalem, who defended it (c) Magellan (1520).
Vincent's Day, 1498.
(b) St. Lucia--discovered on St. Lucy's
from Moslem attack until, in (d) Henry Shatterproof the Navigator Day, 1502.
(1418).
1798, they surrendered it to the (c) Dominica - discovered on a Sun-
day (Domingo), 1493.
French. It passed into British 13. Off Venezuela lies a group of (d) Grenada--the seat of government.
hands sixteen years later. The islands called the Leeward Is-
Knights of St. John, who origin- 17. The colony of Barbados, the
land, a colony with a total pop-
ated in the 11th century as a most easterly of the W. Indian
ulation of about 120,000. The
brotherhood of warrior-monks, islands, is a little larger than
Virgin Islands, some of which
were also known as: the Isle of Wight and has a pop-
belong to the U.S.A. and some
ulation about 16,000 greater
to the U.K., form part of the
(a) Knights Hospitallers. than that of Ottawa. Probably
(b) Knights of the Round Table. group. They were named after:
discovered in 1536 by the Portu-
(c) Knights of Pythias.
(d) Knights of Columbus. (a) Queen Elizabeth the First. guese, it served as a refuge for
(b) Nell Gwyn. many royalist families during
10. The government of the island of (c) St. Ursula. the Cromwellian regime. It was
Cyprus, colonized by the Phoe- (d) Queen Isabella.
named "Los Barbados" in refer-
nicians about 2000 years before 14. The colony of Jamaica has as ence to its:
Christ, has since been adminis- dependencies the Cayman Is- (a) Prickly pears.
tered by the Egyptians, Persians, lands and the Turks and Caicos (b) Bearded fig-trees.
Macedonians, Romans, Byzan- Islands. The total population is le) Beardless natives.
tines, Arabs, French, Venetians, about 1% million. Jamaica's (d) Sharp coral reefs.
and (since 1878) British. One original Indian name was Xay- 18. The islands of Trinidad and To-
of its most distinguished visitors maxa, or "Land of Water". At- bago together form a colony
in ancient times was: tacked by the British as early as with 664,000 inhabitants. Tri-
(a) Julius Caesar. 1596, it remained in Spanish nidad, named by Columbus for
(b) st. Luke. hands until 1655. The Caymans the Trinity, is the present source
(c) St. Mark. were formerly known (in refer- of Angostura bitters and also
(d) Marco Polo.
ence to the turtles which possesses the world's best-
11. The group of islands known as abound on them) as the: known deposit of asphalt the
the Bermudas (pop. about 38,- "pitch lake" at La Brea. The
( a) Testudos. island:
500) was uninhabited when Sir
(b) Tortolas.
G e o r g e Somers' ship was (c) Terrapins. (a) Was the reputed home of Calypso,
daughter of Quetzalcoatlas.
wrecked on one of its reefs in (d) Tortugas.

23
 (b )Is the largest producer or rum In (b) A man-eating giant sloth. been in the greatest days of our
the world. (c) An evil-smelling wingless vulture. forefathers. To accomplish that
(c) Was the birthplace or Henry Chris- (d) A species of lily from which arrow- we must give nothing less than
tophe, king of Haiti. poison Is made.
(d) Is the second largest producer or the whole of ourselves." - The
petroleum In the Commonwealth. 20. "If we all go forward together foregoing words were spoken
19. The colony of British Guiana, with an unwavering faith, a by:
with a population of nearly half high courage and a quiet heart,
we shall be able to make of this (a) Her Royal Highness Princess EI!-
a million, adjoins Venezuela. It zabeth, In 1947.
was first settled by the Dutch ancient commonwealth which /b) Sir Winston Churchill, In 1953.

in 1616, who put up a fort at

we all love so dearly an even (c) Sir Anthony Eden, In 1955.
grander thing-more free, more (d) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the
Kyk-over-al. Found only in Second, In 1954.
prosperous, more happy, and a
British Guiana is the Bibiru-
more powerful influence for
(a) A tree affording excellent timber good in the world than it has
for ships.

From Sqn.Ldr. P.S. Shepard, of Vice-Marshal, CB.E, A.F.C.) and

Training Command H.Q, we have Sqn. Ldr. P.S. Shepard. Others serv-
received the accompanying photo- ed some with great distinction
PIN ±ls
Fi
?
±
•
s
graph of the last of the PP.O. (Pro-
visional Pilot Officer) courses at
during the Second World war.
Standing (left to right) : P.Y.
hi
r .• Camp Borden, in 1931. The photo- Davoud Sword of Honour),
(with
graph of the first and second T.C. Holland, N. Johnstone, C.H.
1 T" " PAST courses, taken in 1924, appeared in Brereton, R.E. Thomas, M.P. Boyle,
our issue for June 1954. P.P.O.s were J.N. Lane, R.L. Lee, E.R. Sykes, J.L.
students from R.M.C. and various Plant, P.S. Shepard, G. Werle, R.O.
universities who took training with Hewat. Seated (1. to r.): A.J. Ken-
the R.C.A.F. during the summer nedy, V.B. Corbett, G.L. Best, J.L.
months over a period of three Rood, W. Thornber, W.A. Murray,
years. Of the group shown here M.C. Nesbitt, L.E. Marion, M. Mc-
only two members are now in the Killop, E.L. Bowerman.
RC.A.F. P.PO.s J.L. Plant (Air
VAPOUR TRIALS. 3

BY FLYING OFFICER D. G. TURNER

(Last month the writer told us how, having successfully navigated the structor explained, was incredibly
shoals of the Personnel Selection Unit, he was staggered to find himself simple and would enable even a
posted to Centralia for training as a pilot.-Editor.) child to navigate the most difficult
course. If there is a child in exist-
ence who can use the computor ac-
curately for all its mysterious func-
tions, I don't want to meet him.
For me, the computor had all the
[or Cadets were taken into dous weight of the garment, and I uncertainties of a ouija board.
No. 1 Flying Training School, Cen- had to resort to string to keep them Thanks to my ignorance of na-
tralia, every six weeks, their arrival on. To the jacket (which endowed vigation's basic principles, the first
coinciding with the graduation and me with the wistful air of approach- lesson developed into a fiasco, even
wings parade of the Senior Course. ing motherhood) I added another though the instructor tried to help
I must remark here that the system piece of string to keep the draft me with a few minutes' personal
of Junior, Intermediate, and Senior out, and over all this finery went tuition.
courses, introduced into Canada the parachute. When being fitted "How much do you know about
many of the traditions and customs with the 'chute harness, I offered navigation?" he enquired.
of Chinese tong warfare, each new a fervent prayer that I would never I told him I could use a road map.
senior course bringing with it its have to bail out, for so encompassed "Good," he went on. "Now, have
own distinctive brand of atrocities. was I with belts, braces, and lengths you got North?"
At F.T.S., the first two weeks were of string, that I ran the risk of pull- I answered truthfully that I
spent in a concentrated introduc- ing the wrong cord and letting down hadn't, nor had I seen anyone take
tion to flying by means of ground- my fur bloomers instead of opening it.
school lectures and the drawing of the parachute. Later, examining ·Well, here it is on your compu-
flying-equipment from the stores. my reflection in a mirror, I sadly tor," he said, a little testily.
"What size flying-boots?" en- abandoned my plans of posing for I pretended to be impressed.
quired the haughty maiden who is- a photograph in my flying-clothes. "Well, well," I said, "so that's
They were not, somehow, quite North!"
sued them. Since she might as well
compatible with the eagle book. "Didn't you ever take geometry
have asked what size I took in iron
At ground-school we were issued as a boy?" he enquired, even more
lungs, I said I didn't know. I tried testily. I replied emphatically that
a few pairs, however, and eventually with a copy of Kermode (the offi-
cial Flight Cadet Bible, showing a I had. (If he thought I had taken
found an approximate fit. "But it as a girl, he was mistaken.)
they aren't very comfortable for variety of aircraft in precarious and
unlikely positions), and given a "Now, then! Have you got the
walking", I ventured. Eyeing me
short examination to demonstrate wind?" he asked.
coldly: "They're for flying", she re- ·Certainly not!" I snapped.
torted, " not hiking!" how much we knew about naviga-
tion. Having reviewed my paper, "Oh well, you'll get it in time,"
The flying-suit consisted of a he said. "All you have to do ... "
pair of fur-lined pants cut along the the instructor expressed the opinion
that my only real hope of survival At different periods of my life
lines of old-fashioned bloomers, the I have given way to uncontrollable
seat hanging dejectedly somewhere lay in the goodness of God. He
then issued me with a map of Van- impulses to improve myself by
at the back of my knees. The waist learning something new. At times
was enormous, and it was fitted couver Island, three different kinds
of rulers, a curious instrument I have enrolled myself in some
with a sturdy pair of suspenders rather fanciful courses, but none of
stamped with the word "POLICE". called a computor, and a good sharp
them seemed to do me much good.
Even police support, though, was pencil. At ground-school, however, I was
The use of the computor, the in-
not sufficient to carry the tremen-
25
overjoyed to find that an earlier tell the story of the travelling sales- like a bumble-bee on a glorious
two-week course in the Morse code man. drunk, we were steering a zig-zag
suddenly bore fruit, and, while my Perhaps I am a heretic, but I do course to the end of the runway.
companions struggled along learn- not recall my Harvard training- Here, contrary to my expecta-
ing the alphabet, I covered myself days with nostalgia. From our first tions, we did not take off. The in-
with glory by passing the Morse introduction to the Harvard to the structor began a detailed examina-
exam. on the occasion of the first last time I landed it (I use the term tion of the machine. He flapped
practice session. "land" in its broadest sense, since the flaps, wagged the tail, blew its
It fascinated me to witness the my arrivals at the airport were nose, burped it, and opened the en-
devotion of the Flight Cadet for his more frequently in the nature of gine up to its full power to confirm
flying instructor. Although the ut- controlled crashes), ours was less a that it was going to work. Then
terances of the ground-school lec- love-match than a marriage of con- he took its temperature and started
turers were received in the light of venience whose child was a certifi- all over again. I felt that he ex-
divine revelations, all else paled cate from the Air Force permitting hibited very little faith in the air-
before the glamour of the actual me to call myself a pilot. Unlike worthiness of our machine. Finally,
flying-instructor. A lad who was my comrades, who grow starry-eyed however, he opened up the engine
otherwise quite normal would dev- when they refer to the Harvard as and we were bumping along the
elop a fierce pride in his flying- a "grand old chap" (the fakers!), I runway at a furious pace ...
teacher and speak of his doings in am inclined to regard it rather as We practised a little straight and
a voice choked with emotion. The a dirty old man. level flying, during which I drew
rest of the world might see the The first time I took to the air hearty congratulations from the
same instructor as fortyish, nar- in a Harvard, I climbed on the back seat for performing a perfect
row-minded and pot-bellied, but wing and posed for a moment loop.
to his student he was an Adonis staring into the sky. I wasn't look- "I have control", said my teach-
with the wisdom of Solomon. ing for anything in particular, but er, with the air of taking an open
Nor was I any exception. I too it seemed to be a pilot-like thing razor from a baby. "If you really
gazed at my instructor with awe. to do. Then, prompted by my in- want to do acrobatics, though, I'll
When I first met him he was puf- structor's "Aren't you going to get show you how."
fing on a pipe and making a noise in?", I wedged myself and my Hating the very idea of them, I
like bath-water running away. He bloomers into the front seat. beseeched him to demonstrate a
looked up from his paper, inspected Before me rose the control col- few.
me carefully, and said "Oh!" Gush- umn. Around the walls, hidden In less than a minute of aeroba-
ing out my self-introduction, I beneath the window-sill and behind tics, and I began to find the Har-
waited breathless for his first the seat, was a confusing array of vard a bit too much of a good
words. switches, buttons, nipples, stop- thing so soon after lunch. My sto-
·Okay," he said, let's look at an cocks, gococks, weathercocks, ther- mach crawled upwards and lay pur-
aeroplane." mometers, barometers, and dials. ring in my throat. My eyes bulged,
I followed him around a Harvard A series of quacks sounded in my and I knew that my complexion had
as he pointed out its salient fea- earphones. taken on the lurid yellow colour of
tures. When he paused, I stood "I'm going to start up and you the aircraft itself. Presently, I re-
back respectfully, stowing away the can follow me through on the con- gret to say, I accepted a decision
pearls he cast my way. When we trols." which was forced on me ...
had completely circled the machine, Roger over", I acknowledged. As we walked back to the han-
he turned to me and remarked: With a tremendous explosion and gar:
"Ugly little cow, isn't it?" I was a belch of smoke from the flues, the "You'll enjoy lesson two", said my
shattered. To me, it was like going engine tried to shake itself free of instructor.
to church and hearing the minister the aircraft. A few moments later,
(Go be continued]

THE ESSENTIAL OIL

Millions of people never achieve success because they lack the
ability to get along successfully with others.(No. 1 S.S.T.S. precis.)

26
-
GROUP CONVENTIONS

Groups of the Association held Saskatchewan Group

their annual meetings during Feb- President: E. W. Campbell, Regina.
ruary, and a consolidated report of 1st Vice-president.: W. Laing, Saskatoon.
all the meetings was published in 2nd Vice-pres.: A. K. Dennis, Moose Jaw.
3rd ViIce-pres.: R. Harris, Lloydmlnster.
the April issue of "Wings at Home".
Sec'JT®as.: Miss M. K. smith, Moose
The Group Executives for 1956-57 Manitoba-Northwestern Group Executive.
are:: W. D. Rep.: MIss L. Andahl, Saskatoon. Seated (L. to r.): E. A. Carlyle, H. Ogden,
R. E. Rosenburg. Standing (L. to r.); R. E.
Johnson, W. Lehto, R. W. Close. Missing
Maritime Group Alberta Group !2;, ®o#osrah: Miss E. Halliday, J.
President: T. H. Frazer, Stellarton. President: R. A. Wright, Edmonton.
Vice-pres. (N.B.): Dr. C. H. Jarvis, Vice-president: S. C. Campbell, Edmonton.
Chatham. event which has grown in three
Secretary: Miss Beth Rowand, Edmonton.
Vice-pres. (N.S.): J. L. MacDougall,
Treasurer: G. Forbes, Edmonton.
years from a mere venture to a full-
Sydney.
Vice-pres. (PE.I): G. R. Howard, Legal Adviser: R. D. White, Edmonton. grown International Air Force Bon-
Charlottetown. spiel.
Vice-pres. (Nfld.): P. T. Neary, St. John's. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE
Past-President: S. M. Mcinnis, The members of the bonspiel
Charlottetown. Early in the New Year a letter committee, under the chairmanship
Secretary: C. R. Glendinning, New Glasgow. was sent to all members-at-large of T. Martin, and ably assisted by
Treasurer: J. Paul Magee, Moncton.
Addit'l rep., Nat. Exec. Counc.: Norman inviting them to participate in the M. Moffatt, C. Linn, T. Segsworth,
Jackson, Saint John. campaign for new members, which and others, are to be congratulated
was being sponsored by the Wings on a job extremely well done.
Quebec Group
of the Association. The feature event- the Flying
President: L. E. Fulton, vme St. Laurent.
Vice-presidents: R. G. McLarnon, Montreal. The campaign slogan ("Member, Officer Del Martin Trophy was
G. A. Power, Quebec. Get A Member") seemed to be ap- won this year by the Ray Mueller
A. L. Schaefer, Drummondvllle.
Secretary: Miss M. L. Pineo, Pointe-Claire. propriate in the case of our mem- rink of No. 702 Wing, skipped by G.
Treasurer: M. J. Simon, Montreal. bers-at-large. Approximately 200 Rutten. The runner-up was the
new m e m b e r s were obtained Campbell rink from Rockcliffe. The
Ontario Group through their efforts. L. R. Tofrel, second event the Tip-Top Tailors
President: D. W. Cain, Kingston. of Walkerton, Ontario, and H. A. Trophy - was won by the Ray
Vice-president, G. E. Penfold, Toronto. Proctor rink from Edmonton. The
Regional Vlce-presiden ts:
Carmichael, of Portage la Prairie,
A. Wicks, St. Thomas. Man., each brought in seven new banquet and the presentation of
A. J. Kernot, Kingston. members, while F. Scholfield, of prizes and trophies at the Leth-
P. Bedard, North Bay.
S. Wooten. Toronto. Dunn ville, Ont., brought in· six. bridge Curling Club brought to a
R. Swartz, Kitchener. close a most successful and happy
Past-President. L. N. Baldock, Windsor.
Secretary: W. Cherry, Kington. THIRD INTERNATIONAL occasion.
Treasurer: D. Budd, Waterloo.
AIR FORCE BONSPIEL Members of the Lethbridge Wing
Manitoba - Northwestern are sincerely appreciative of the as-
The largest bonspiel of. its kind sistance they received from the City
Ontario Group in the World was held late in March Council, se r v i c e organizations,
President, H. Ogden, Lakehead. at Lethbridge, Alberta, under the firms, and merchants.
1st Vice-pres., E. Carlyle, Winnipg. sponsorship of No. 702 Wing.
2nd Vice-pres.: R. E. Rosenberg, Brandon.
Sec'y-Treas.: R. W. Close, Lakehead.
From Goose Bay to Whitehorse,
eighty rinks, representing every WING NEWS
W. D. Rep.: Miss E. Halliday, Lakehead.
Regional Vice-presidents: province in Canada, and also two No. 306 (Maple Leaf} Wing
R. E. Johnson, Winnipeg.
W. Lehto, Lakehead. rinks from the United States, parti-
J. Moore. Brandon. cipated in this third annual curling Two hundred members of the
Past-President: G. Phillips, Brandon.
27
2 ~ . . .-
> k·.Ty
ss
G egg

f
i> (es
J I '>
%
' &

Ontario Group Executive. Seated (l. to r.).

L. N. Baldock, D. Cain, G. E. Penfold.
Standing (l. to r.J: A. Wicks, A. Kernot, W.
Cherry, P. Bedard, J. Newell, D. Budd,
(Charles photo.)

No. 400 (Guelph) Wing

w. Slatter, president of No. 400
Wing, recently presented flags to
No. 121 Air Cadet Squadron. The
band of No. 80 Air Cadet Squadron,
Kitchener-Waterloo, was in attend-
ance.
The Kitchener-Waterloo Squad-
ron is fully sponsored by NO. 404
Wing of the Association.

No. 410 (Ottawa) Wing

The annual membership stag-
night held not long ago was the
best yet. Tickets were sold to Air
Force veterans only, and approxi-
mately 100 attended. Mr. T. D. An-
» derson, General Secretary of the
» Canadian Legion was a guest speak-
er, and he expressed the hope that
B No. 410 Wing would be successful in
its drive for new members.

I Mr. R. F. Hanna, M.P. for Edmon-

ton, addressed the g r o up and
stressed the importance of the

I. Winners of the Del Martin Trophy. Left

to right: Don Gordon. Ted Petrunia, Ray
R.C.A.F. Association's work.

Mueller, and Gordon Tutten, all of No. 702

5 Wing.

• No. 306 Wing. Left to right: A. R. Clibbon, W. Nobes, Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Dormer ($5000-

•I winners in the Wing's fund-raising campaign), Mrs. Janssen, Air Vice-Marshal A. L,

James, C.B.E., A. Cooper, G. Harrison. ( Kalb photo.)

I
- R.C.A.F. Association and other vet-
eran airmen attended the annual

,
meeting of No. 306 Wing, Montreal,
the chief feature of which was the
Honorary Life Membership bes-
towed on Mrs. Geertruida Janssen,
of Holland, who saved the lives of
scores of Canadian flyers during
I the last war when she was a mem-
ber of the Dutch underground. The
presentation was made by Air Vice-
i Marshal A. L. James, C.B.E.

'
28
CANADIAN SERVICES COLLEGES' TOURNAMENT

Each year the cadets of the three

Canadian Services Colleges (Royal
Military College, Royal Roads, and
e College Militaire Royal de Saint-
Jean) meet at one of the colleges
to hold an athletic tournament for
the Claxton Cup, which was donat-
ed for annual competition in 1949
by the Honourable Brooke Claxton,
when he was Minister of National
Defence.
This year the five-event tourna-
ment was held at Royal Roads on
the 24th and 25th of February. The
R.M.C. and C.M.R. teams, with ac-
companying coaches and staff,
were flown to Victoria in an
RC.A.F. North Star.
The winner of the Claxton Cup
(for the second time) was Royal
Roads, which won the tournament

The start of the 50-yard free-style relay race. The Minister takes the salute.

by taking first place in the basket-

ball, volleyball, and swimming
events, and tying for first place
with C.M.R. in the boxing. The
rifle-shooting was won by R.M.C.
The Cup was presented by the Hon.
Ralph O. Campney, Minister of
National Defence.
A new trophy, the Marshall Me-
I
morial Award, was presented for
the first time at this year's tourna-
ment. This trophy, awarded for
sportsmanship, was presented by
the R.M.C. class of '54 in memory of
Flying Officer James Alick Mar-
shall, an outstanding former cadet
who was killed in training six weeks
after graduation from R.M.C. It was
presented to the winner, Cadet
R.M. Burleigh (RM.C.), by Mrs. K.
Marshall, mother of the deceased
cadet.

29
 "AGAINST THE SUN"

threat of the Focke-Wulfe 190. The

A Review-article aircraft suffered from recurring
engine trouble, and the tails had
BY SQUADRON LEADER N. W. EMMOTT, D.F.C. a distressing tendency to break off,
while the big air-scoop made ditch-
ing almost invariably fatal.
]r SEEMS to be a characteristic of men who distinguish themselves in Despite his full knowledge of the
battle that they too often descend into obscurity or compromise their Typhoon's defects, Beamont chose
fame after the guns fall silent. On thousands of occasions, for instance, to join a Typhoon squadron, of
it has been said that Wellington would have done better to have died at which he soon became the squadron
Waterloo. This, however, is emphatically not true about one of Britain's commander. Through the dark days
top test pilots, Wing Commander Roland Prosper Beamont, D.S.O. and when engine or structural failures
Bar, O.B.E, D.F.C. and Bar. were costing the R.A.F. one Typhoon
per sortie, Beamont fought· to help
rectify the faults and to prove the
Several excerpts are reprinted in aircraft in combat. He soon suc-
His story has been most capably ceeded in showing that it was a
and thrillingly told in "Against the the book.
As the winter of 1940-41 wore on, match for the F.W.190 and also a
Sun", by Edward Lanchberry. * The splendid aircraft for ground-attack,
book traces his career from his first Beamont's squadron was used as a
single-engined night-fighter unit, and before long his squadron was
flight, made at the age of six in a widely known for its "train-bust-
rickety old Avro 504, to his initial which, because of its lack of radar,
was ineffective. To keep himself ing" activities. Engine trouble led
test flight of the English Electric to a crash-landing that very nearly
Company's P.-1, the first British jet employed, Beamont joined a three-
man aerobatic team which put on killed him, but a few weeks later
aircraft to exceed the speed of he was back in time to make a
sound in level flight. Beamont's shows spectacular enough to bring
out the whole station to watch determined and successful attack
dogged fight to enter the R.A.F.,
them. It was as a result of Bea- on a flotilla of German minesweep-
despite his borderline academic
mont's boredom, however, that he ers. As a reward for his efforts,
qualifications, reveals his determi-
made the suggestion that opened after his second tour of operations
nation. The fifteen hours' dual ins-
up his ca r e e r of distinction - was over, he was sent back to
truction he needed before he was
namely, to make night-intruder Hawker's - to see if he could break
sent solo, and his two tries at his
raids on French airfields. The the tail off a Typhoon by diving it.
wings examination, prove that a
squadron was so effective in this He couldn't.
"history of second attempts" may
well lay the background for a bril- role that it soon gained a reputa- After this "rest" he went back on
tion as a night-fighter unit. To get operations, to repeat the Typhoon
liant career.
Beamont began his career slowly back into the battle, it staked out story with the Typhoon's younger
(if anything during those hectic a claim on the Scilly Islands, from brother, the Tempest. The Tempest
days could be called slow) as a which it shot down a couple of Dor- also was plagued with engine-trou-
Hurricane pilot in the battle of nier 18 flying boats. ble, and, like the Typhoon, was dis-
France. His first victory, against a Beamont was then posted to a trusted until, largely because of
Dornier 17, was scored on 8 May new squadron, where he promptly Beamont's efforts, it proved itself
1940, but he did not chalk up an- managed to get himself .court-mar- in combat. The forte of the new
other kill until the Battle of Britain tialled for flying a Hurricane while aircraft was, however, the battle
was well begun, on 24 July. During sitting in a woman officer's lap. against the flying bombs.
these days he kept up a diary in (She wanted to get to a nearby sta- As 1944 neared its end, Beamont
which he described his experiences tion to go to a dance.) One after- was sent back to France. He was
in remarkably eloquent language. math was his posting to Hawker's offered the job of experimental
as a test pilot. test pilot, as a civilian, at Hawker's;
His job at Hawker's was to test but by now he had 491 operational
"Against the Sun", by Edward Lanch- Hurricanes and Typhoons, the latter sorties to his credit of which 94 had
berry. Published by Cassll & Co., distri-
buted in Canada by British Book Service type being then under forced-draft been over enemy territory, and he
(Canada) Ltd., 1068 Broadview Ave., To- development in order to meet the wanted to make it an even hun-
ran to 6, Ont. Price: $3.50.

30
 T HE

dred. During an attack on a troop- triumph he went on to become the

train he disobeyed his own orders four are never referred to. At the
first man to break the sound-bar- same time, Beamont's purely per-
and was shot down, thus affording rer over Britain in level flight. He
solid proof of his instructions' sonal affairs are allowed a decent
IS still with the English Electric obscurity rare in books of this kind
soundness. Company.
After a stay of six months in a "Against the Sun" contains a
number of German prison camps, number of excellent illustrations.
* The only possible objection to them
where he found himself threatened
IS the fact that, by their placing,
first by German guards and then
"Against the Sun" is an absorb- they rather tend to give the show
by Russian liberators, he was re-
ingly interesting book, written in away and destroy the suspense
turned to England, where he found which often builds up to quite a
that his test-pilot job had been vivid and polished English. Once
the reader has begun it, he finds high pitch. Edward Lanchberry has
given to somebody else. proved himseif second to none in
He tried a piloting job at Glos- It almost impossible to lay the book
down, so crammed is it with inci- his ability to recreate the atmos-
ter's, but soon left it for English phere of the war years, and to write
Electric, where he was set to dent. The conversation, which pre-
sumably must have been invented a masterful and technically accu-
work as chief test pilot of the new
Canberra jet bomber. His work here nevertheless always rings true. rate book on flying. To all those
who are interested in aircraft and
gave him a solid reputation as an Although the book is laudatory in the men who fly them, and to
experimental test pilot, but what enough, it is far from being a those who simply want to read an
really caught the public eye was "puff" document. The only one of interesting story about a great
his crossing of the Atlantic both Beamont's five decorations men- aviator, this book is highly recom-
ways in one day in 1952. From that tioned is his first D.F.C.; the other mended.

7% 2ueen'a
Three R.C.A.F: airmen were re- L.A.C. JR.A. Ste. Marie. Unit, when a Sabre ran out of con-
cently awarded the Queen's Com- On February 21st, last year, the trol and crashed into two other
mendation for Brave Conduct: Cpl. three men were on duty at Keflavik, Sabres parked on the tarmac. Fire
K.B. Hyatt, L.A.C. C.R. Heffern, and Iceland, with No.1 Overseas Ferry immediately broke out, and an air-
man was trapped in one of the
burning aircraft. Cpl. Hyatt rushed
Cpl. K. B. Hyatt. Cpl. C. R. Heffern. to the scene with a fire-extinguish-
er, followed by L.A.C.s Heffern and
Ste. Marie. When all efforts to open
the canopy had failed, they smash-
ed it with the extinguishers and
pulled out the trapped man, who
was by then overcome by smoke
and fumes.
The citations read, in part: " ...
without regard for personal safety
( they) displayed courage and pre-
sence of mind in the rescue of an
airman trapped inside a burning
aircraft when danger of explosion
was imminent."

31
ette to le &dtor
R.C.A.F. FAMILIES LOST PAINTING: NO. 419
(CA.W.) SQN.
Night Take-Off
Dear Sir:
Dear Sir: The great tin bird,
In the January-February issue of Her four mighty motors
"The Roundel", Flying Officer Following the reformation of Coughing cantakerously,
J.L.E.B. Jacques invited a challenge No.419 Squadron in 1954, applica-
Forces the chocks
for the largest Air Force family. tion was made for the return of
That check her flight.
Perhaps my family can enter the the original painting of the official Into her hulk
competition. squadron badge. After many efforts (The size of a house),
Four of us are at present serving we were informed that the original
Into her belly
in the Regular Force: Maurice squadron badge had disappeared (The shape of a whale),
(Flying Officer), G.Ob.C., St. Je- from the RC.A.F. Staff College, The weight of a cargo
rome; Fernand (Cpl.J, Para-Res- Toronto, where it had been hung Enormously large
cue, Whitehorse; Gisele (L.A.W.), for safe keeping. Is skidded and groaned into place.
Met.Obs., St. Hubert; and Gilles As you are aware, the original
painting bears the signature of the A magical motor
(L.A.C.), A.E.Tech., Rockcliffe.
reigning Monarch at the time of Fired by flames
Two other brothers were naviga-
the badge's approval, and it cannot From dissolving stars,
tors in the Second World War and
are now serving with 5000 Int.Unit be replaced except by a replica Fuelled from fountains
without the Royal Signature. The God only knows where,
(Aux.), Montreal. They are: Marcel
members of No. 419 Squadron would Sits waiting ...
(Flying Officer) and Jean Guy
appreciate it if you would publish Its thoughts crashing
(Flt.Sgt.) .
I also have another sister who, their plea for the return of the On the roof of the sky.
although not herself a member of painting. Up front
the R.C.A.F., married an RC.A.F. The mysterious lingo
Flying Officer who served as navi- Wing Cdr. E. G. Ireland, D.F.C., Litters the air
gator in India and is now with an O.C. No. 419 (A.W.) Sqn., With electric sounds.
Air Cadet squadron in Montreal. R.C.A.F Station North Bay, Ont. Outside my port window
An exhaust is bombarding my stare.
Flying Officer J.S.R.M. Bourdon, I suddenly sense the permission
60 G.ObC. Detachment, Sidling back through the pallid air.
St. Jerome, P.Q Gassed and greased and logged out,
We lumber down the runway
And labour into the wind.
The motors rear up
As we ready ourselves.
LAST DANISH SPITFIRE THE OBVIOUS Power blazes through manifold
pipes
The obvious is better than ob- As propellers respond
The Royal Danish Air Force,
vious avoidance of it. (Fowler's To thumbs on the throttle.
which is shortly to put into com-
Modern English usage".) The great bird staggers ...
mission the first of a batch of
Hawker Hunters, is to present its Spread-eagled on turbid air
last Spitfire to the town council of Madly cleaving a flight-path
Vaerloese for use in a children's By the eerie tremble of flares.
playground. All other Spitfires on Our mammoth machine
charge are to be broken up. Answers lo "What's the Score >' Her four heads on fire, '
(Flight": U.K.) Manoeuvres into the mist.
I: (c) 2: (a) 3: (b} 4: (d) With our piston choir
5: (c) 6: (d) 7: (b) 8: (b) Puncturing the fuming height,
THE RIGHT TO CRITICIZE We clamour and climb
9: (a) 10: (c} I I: (c} 12: (a)
"He has the right to criticize who And, angling,
13: (c) I4: (d) I5: (d) 16: (b)
has the heart to help!" (Abraham Flame furiously into the night.
17: (b) 18: (d) 19: (a) 20: (a)
Lincoln) Flying Officer R. Faibish.

32
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