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 Issued on the authority of
THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF
Royal Canadian Air Force

VOLUME 10, No. 9 NOVEMBER 1958

* * * CONTENTS * * *
THIS MONTH'S COVER
page
On the Break . 1

k k k

Dawn of an Era .. 2
Warfare's New Dimension . 5
They Make Our Aircraft: Part One . 10
How to Open or Close a Conversation.......................... 15
Rocket Shoot at Cold Lake............................................ 16
Beware the Moose: Part One........................................ 20
Full Marks for Windsor R.T.T.P. Students............... 30

k k k Teamwork was the keynote of the 1958

Rocket Meet at Cold Lake. Here groundcrew of
409 Sqn. prepare a CF-1TOO for its next flight.
The Suggestion Box . For more pictures of this annual event see
25 pages 16, 17, 18.
What's the Score? . 26
R.C.A.F. Association . 28
Letters to the Editor 32
"The Roundel" is published ten
} k
* times each year, and the annual sub-
scription rate is two dollars. All or-
R.C.A.F. Staff College Journal .. 14 ders and correspondence regarding
School No Problem in Europe.. . . 19 subscriptions should be addressed
U.N.E.F. Medal. . 19 to: The Queen's Printer, Ottawa,
400 Years Later .. 19 Ontario.
M.A.C. Visits SACLANT .. 27
Veterans' Insurance . 29 EDITORIAL OFFICES:
Harry R. Low Memorial... . 32 R.C.A.F., Victoria Island,
Ottawa, Ont.

Authorized as Second Class Mail, Post Office Department, Ottawa.

 John Griffin Library
ON
~~
THE
BREAR

EVERYONE in our shop has been so engrossed in during his lengthy career. From the very beginning
planning for next year's celebration of the 50th he assumed the role of stern literary and moral critic,
Anniversary of Powered Flight in Canada that we constantly championing the "boys in the field" and
very nearly overlooked an anniversary of our own. deploring the bungling of officialdom.
This month marks the tenth birthday of THE "You can't beat the Brass; all you can do is try to
ROUNDEL, so please pardon us while we wax a bit educate it," Sgt. Shatterproof avowed many times
nostalgic. during the course of admonishing the editor for his
Vol. I No. 1 appeared in November, 1948. In his inept handling of the great service issues of the day.
introductory message Air Marshal W. A. Curtis, then Shatterproof was portrayed in these pages by
chief of the air staff, noted that in this age of specializa- Warrant Officer Ray Tracy, the magazine's original
tion it is essential to safeguard the wider perspective- artist, who died suddenly in the spring of 1957.
which gives full meaning to our individual tasks. He Indeed, so closely were cartoons and text related that
hoped THE ROUNDEL would provide this safeguard many regular readers believed Tracy was not only the
and that all R.C.A.F. personnel would, by their active illustrator but the author of the Shatterproof series.
support, assist it to become a permanent and vital When the venerable sergeant continued to appear
part of our service lives. How successfully these after Ray's death, of course, the identity of his
hopes have been fulfilled over the past decade, we creator became more of a mystery than ever.
leave to the judgement of our readers. We have decided to clear up that matter now and,
In that first issue, too, we met an individual who, with the clarification, name for the first time in these
although completely fictitious, soon became the best pages our founding editor, who for more than nine
known N.C.O. in the Air Force. Sergeant Shatter- years bore the brunt of Shatterproof's scorn. He is
proof, now retired, admitted to the fact he was twice Squadron Leader U. H. (Ricky) Mignon, ret., who-
a warrant officer and three times a flight sergeant if he were still occupying the editorial chair-would
never allow these words to appear in print.
"They tell me the Air Force is starting a However, as Rick is presently somewhere in the
wilds of Mexico aboard his converted house-truck, we
magazine." feel it safe enough, at long last, to pay him a well-
deserved tribute. Any stature THE:ROUNDEL may
enjoy is due mainly to his constant efforts to carry
out the hopes of those who ten years ago saw the
need for such a service publication.
3 j

To the many contributors whose articles have been

published in our first decade, we offer our thanks;
to all who read these lines, a sincere invitation to
submit manuscripts or illustrations. It may not be
amiss to repeat here the statement which was made
in Vol. I No. 1: Drawing from all possible sources,
THE ROUNDEL will contain such material as the
editorial commmittee considers to be of particular
interest and value to all ranks and trades of the
R.C.A.F.
And if we don't stop reminiscing and get this issue
to press, we'll probably be getting a blast from Rick
Shatterproof-written in Mexican, of course.
From THE ROUNDEL, November 1948. 7e Edto
NOVEMBER 1958
 Issued on the authority of
THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF
Royal Canadian Air Force

VOLUME 10, No. 9 NOVEMBER 1958

* * * CONTENTS * * *
THIS MONTH'S COVER
page
On the Break . 1

k k k

Dawn of an Era .. 2
Warfare's New Dimension . 5
They Make Our Aircraft: Part One . 10
How to Open or Close a Conversation.......................... 15
Rocket Shoot at Cold Lake............................................ 16
Beware the Moose: Part One........................................ 20
Full Marks for Windsor R.T.T.P. Students............... 30

k k k Teamwork was the keynote of the 1958

Rocket Meet at Cold Lake. Here groundcrew of
409 Sqn. prepare a CF-1TOO for its next flight.
The Suggestion Box . For more pictures of this annual event see
25 pages 16, 17, 18.
What's the Score? . 26
R.C.A.F. Association . 28
Letters to the Editor 32
"The Roundel" is published ten
} k
* times each year, and the annual sub-
scription rate is two dollars. All or-
R.C.A.F. Staff College Journal .. 14 ders and correspondence regarding
School No Problem in Europe.. . . 19 subscriptions should be addressed
U.N.E.F. Medal. . 19 to: The Queen's Printer, Ottawa,
400 Years Later .. 19 Ontario.
M.A.C. Visits SACLANT .. 27
Veterans' Insurance . 29 EDITORIAL OFFICES:
Harry R. Low Memorial... . 32 R.C.A.F., Victoria Island,
Ottawa, Ont.

Authorized as Second Class Mail, Post Office Department, Ottawa.

 John Griffin Library
ON
~~
THE
BREAR

EVERYONE in our shop has been so engrossed in during his lengthy career. From the very beginning
planning for next year's celebration of the 50th he assumed the role of stern literary and moral critic,
Anniversary of Powered Flight in Canada that we constantly championing the "boys in the field" and
very nearly overlooked an anniversary of our own. deploring the bungling of officialdom.
This month marks the tenth birthday of THE "You can't beat the Brass; all you can do is try to
ROUNDEL, so please pardon us while we wax a bit educate it," Sgt. Shatterproof avowed many times
nostalgic. during the course of admonishing the editor for his
Vol. I No. 1 appeared in November, 1948. In his inept handling of the great service issues of the day.
introductory message Air Marshal W. A. Curtis, then Shatterproof was portrayed in these pages by
chief of the air staff, noted that in this age of specializa- Warrant Officer Ray Tracy, the magazine's original
tion it is essential to safeguard the wider perspective- artist, who died suddenly in the spring of 1957.
which gives full meaning to our individual tasks. He Indeed, so closely were cartoons and text related that
hoped THE ROUNDEL would provide this safeguard many regular readers believed Tracy was not only the
and that all R.C.A.F. personnel would, by their active illustrator but the author of the Shatterproof series.
support, assist it to become a permanent and vital When the venerable sergeant continued to appear
part of our service lives. How successfully these after Ray's death, of course, the identity of his
hopes have been fulfilled over the past decade, we creator became more of a mystery than ever.
leave to the judgement of our readers. We have decided to clear up that matter now and,
In that first issue, too, we met an individual who, with the clarification, name for the first time in these
although completely fictitious, soon became the best pages our founding editor, who for more than nine
known N.C.O. in the Air Force. Sergeant Shatter- years bore the brunt of Shatterproof's scorn. He is
proof, now retired, admitted to the fact he was twice Squadron Leader U. H. (Ricky) Mignon, ret., who-
a warrant officer and three times a flight sergeant if he were still occupying the editorial chair-would
never allow these words to appear in print.
"They tell me the Air Force is starting a However, as Rick is presently somewhere in the
wilds of Mexico aboard his converted house-truck, we
magazine." feel it safe enough, at long last, to pay him a well-
deserved tribute. Any stature THE:ROUNDEL may
enjoy is due mainly to his constant efforts to carry
out the hopes of those who ten years ago saw the
need for such a service publication.
3 j

To the many contributors whose articles have been

published in our first decade, we offer our thanks;
to all who read these lines, a sincere invitation to
submit manuscripts or illustrations. It may not be
amiss to repeat here the statement which was made
in Vol. I No. 1: Drawing from all possible sources,
THE ROUNDEL will contain such material as the
editorial commmittee considers to be of particular
interest and value to all ranks and trades of the
R.C.A.F.
And if we don't stop reminiscing and get this issue
to press, we'll probably be getting a blast from Rick
Shatterproof-written in Mexican, of course.
From THE ROUNDEL, November 1948. 7e Edto
NOVEMBER 1958
 DAWN
OF
AN ERA
'[ recent government announce-
ment, that the BOMARC guided
missile and SAGE electronic con-
trol and computing equipment will
be introduced to the Canadian air
defence system, has created great
interest throughout the R.C.A.F.
Two R. C. A. F. bases will be
equipped with BOMARC in 1961,
one in northern Ontario and one
in Quebec.
BOMARC (whose name derives
from Boeing and Michigan Aero-
nautical Research Centre) is a
pilotless interceptor. It has wings,
horizontal and vertical stabilizers.
Its manoeuvres are accomplished
through the use of moveable aero-
dynamic control surfaces. It uses
air-breathing ramjet engines to
power it in the cruise phase of
flight.
Launched from an automatically
opening launcher-shelter, the
BOMARC's initial boost is sup-
plied by a solid propellant rocket.
When it reaches a speed at which
its two ramjets become operational,
they take over, provide climb to
altitude and then supply the mis-
sile's cruise power.
Its cruise path is determined by
ground radar data integrated with a
bank of electronic computers. Con-
tinuous computation of predicted
target path and BOMARC traject-
ory feeds additional data to the
missile in the middle of its traject-
ory. In addition, the missile has its
own target seeker system.
The BOMARC weapons system
consists of pilotless aircraft, ground-
control equipment, testing gear,
Bomarc Blasts Off launcher-shelters and an ability to
utilize these equipments. It is an

2 THE ROUNDEL
 100O,00O LB
THRUST VEHICLE

WARFARE'S
NEW DIMENSION
BY GROUP CAPTAIN K.C. MA CLURE, A.F.C.

(Until his appointment this summer as Air Attache in

Warsaw, the author was Director of Armament Engineering at
A.F.H.Q. The following article is adapted from a speech which
he delivered early in 1958 to the Montreal Branch, Engineering
Institute of Canada.- Editor.)
Relative size of missile that can be
boosted with a million-pound thrust
DuRING the past two years public interest in ballistic missiles has engine is shown in sketch by artist of
increased enormously. There are good reasons for this. First are the Rocketdyne, the division of North
American Aviation, Inc., which has
news accounts of the missiles themselves, the success or failure of the just received a U.S.A.F. contract to
various test vehicles, and the information about the fantastic speeds, build major components for the un-
altitudes and ranges some of them have. precedented engine. An essential step
Then, there has been the success of the Russian and American toward interplanetary exploration,
the development of a single-cham-
satellites-success driven home to the public, not only by news accounts bered engine in the million-pound
but by knowledge that these vehicles were continually passing over class will make a cluster of six for a
everyone's head, day after day, and night after night, and are visible to six-million-pound thrust relatively
the man on the street. easy, it was pointed out.
Finally, there has been a growing awareness of the fact that the
I.C.B.M.-once it is a successful operational weapon-will place any an operational weapon by 1944 ?
area of the globe previously considered perfectly safe, because of location, First of all, a number of persistent
within striking distance of a missile launched by another country. and undaunted scientists and ex-
perimenters, keenly devoted to the
development of rockets, put rocket
ROCKET DEVELOPMENT
engineering on a sound scientific
Rockets, even for military use, in flight, and inaccurate in tra- basis. To some of them, a vehicle
are not new. Historical papers jectory. Developments to improve for upper atmospheric research was
indicate that rocket arrows were these characteristics were made their goal; to others, the first steps
used by the Chinese against the during the last century, but the in space exploration. In any case,
Mongols during the battle of rifled gun outstripped the rocket Dr. R. Goddard in U.S.A., Profes-
Peiping in AD 1232. It was not long and in the First World War the sor Oberth in Germany, and re-
after that European armies used only rockets used were an anti- searchers in various countries-
rockets and by mid-15th century zeppelin type. some joining together into Inter-
the rocket was a full-fledged In the Second World War anti- planetary Associations, with lots
weapon-quite large ones, in fact, aircraft rockets and tactical air-to- of enthusiasm, frequently much
being fired. Experiments in Berlin ground rockets were used most scientific ability, but generally very
in 1668 fired rockets of 50 lbs. successfully. But they were small little money-developed theories
and 120 lbs. all-up weight, the in size, and not revolutionary. and measured experimental data,
latter carrying a 16-lb. warhead-a Suddenly there burst upon London, on rocket components, structures,
sizeable weapon, when compared to and figuratively on the world, the fuels and so on-until some of the
some of our rockets and guided German V-2 a very far cry from ideas on paper were far beyond
missiles today. Large numbers, too, any rocket the public had ever anything that had been built.
were used: sometimes 2,000 rockets heard of-and, in fact, the fore- Then in 1933 Hitler came to
in a single volley. runner of a new dimension in power, dissolved the German
But they were not an efficient warfare-space warfare. society, the VfR, seized all its
weapon. They had a very low What had happened between the records and equipment, and began
thermal efficiency, were unstable wars, that had made such a rocket secret rocket research with govern-

NOVEMBER 1958 5
 ment sponsorship and large
amounts (eventually) of govern- } s6 Tioo
Scale of miles
ment funds. In 1937 the work was 40 mln.
moved to Peenemunde on the
Baltic Coast and, despite a severe
bombing from the R.A.F. in August
1943, successfully developed the
V2 and put it into production. The
first V2 was fired at London from
The Hague in September 1944.
Although the public was caught
unawares, and for some time did
not know what was happening,
British scientists already had a
good idea of the weapon from the
LAUNCHING
remains of one which had been
fired from Peenemunde the pre-
POINT-
vious June, had gone astray and
landed in Sweden.
FIGURE [= Trajectories for different angles of projection
POST-WAR RESEARCH Initial velocity 15,240m.p.h.

Since that date many countries

have been busy developing guided alone is spending one billion dollars several thousand miles distant was
missiles and a few have embarked per year on ballistic missiles. In still beyond known techniques.
on the huge programmes required 1947, Convair began development With the H-bomb, the situation
to develop very long range ballistic work on the Atlas I.C.B.M. In was changed; its huge lethal radius
rockets. At the end of the Second 1953 the H-bomb was achieved by of several miles meant a much
World War the German scientists, the U.S.A. and in 1955 that country reduced navigation, or aiming,
familiar with rocket research, were put the I.C.B.M. programme on a accuracy and immediately reduced
picked up rapidly by the allied crash basis. by many years the development
countries. Dr. Von Braun, for The advent of the H-bomb was time for an operationally possible
example, who was responsible for a very significant date for long weapon.
the V2, went to the U.S.A. and range ballistic missiles. Up to that Accuracy is still a problem, but of
continued work on military rockets. time, though nuclear bombs of a different order. Without knowing
He is the chief scientist responsible kiloton yield (i.e. of explosive just what success the U.S.S.R. has
for the U.S. Army's Redstone energy equal to several thousand had with its I.C.B.M., the success-
missile. tons of T.N.T.) had increased the ful launchings of satellites by that
Today the U.S. Defence Depart- lethality of the ballistic missiles country and the U.S.A. indicate
ment is spending several billion thousands of times over its wartime that many of the other performance
dollars a year on missiles and prototype, the V-2 (which had a requirements for such missiles are
missile components and has 38 high explosive warhead), the guid- achievable now-at least by exper-
missile programmes underway. Ac- ance requirement of the missile to imentally-built vehicles.
cording to TIME, the U.S.A.F. make it hit a specified target This new dimension in warfare,
or threatened warfare, is therefore
almost upon us.

Mind Over Matter BALLISTIC TRAJECTORIES

Perhaps the most significant immediate result of man's movements into space lies If there is one quality which sets
not in its potential material achievements but in the effect it will have upon the human the I.C.B.M. apart from anything
mind. Man must think in changed dimensions. Just what is ahead no one can know else, it is its ability to travel out of
for sure, but it is certain the world never will seem quite the same as it did before the
Sputniks, Explorers and Vanguards went into their orbits.
the earth's atmosphere in what is
really outer space. While the actual
Physical capability to cope with the new situations will not be enough. There
must be mental agility and flexibility. Spain was perhaps the most capable in the
performance of individual missiles
physical sense to profit by the discoveries of Columbus in what then was unknown may be classified secret, and the
space, but the Spanish effort was a failure, mainly because the Spanish mind failed to accurate calculations of traject-
rise to the new plateau of possibilites. Man is on the verge of the marvelous. What the ories a complex mathematical prob-
exploration of space will do for him or to him depends largely on his intellectual
capabilities.
lem, approximate values of speed,
(U.S. ARMY DIGEST) altitude, range, etc., are quite easy
to determine.
First of all, what is the velocity

6 THE ROUNDEL
 100O,00O LB
THRUST VEHICLE

WARFARE'S
NEW DIMENSION
BY GROUP CAPTAIN K.C. MA CLURE, A.F.C.

(Until his appointment this summer as Air Attache in

Warsaw, the author was Director of Armament Engineering at
A.F.H.Q. The following article is adapted from a speech which
he delivered early in 1958 to the Montreal Branch, Engineering
Institute of Canada.- Editor.)
Relative size of missile that can be
boosted with a million-pound thrust
DuRING the past two years public interest in ballistic missiles has engine is shown in sketch by artist of
increased enormously. There are good reasons for this. First are the Rocketdyne, the division of North
American Aviation, Inc., which has
news accounts of the missiles themselves, the success or failure of the just received a U.S.A.F. contract to
various test vehicles, and the information about the fantastic speeds, build major components for the un-
altitudes and ranges some of them have. precedented engine. An essential step
Then, there has been the success of the Russian and American toward interplanetary exploration,
the development of a single-cham-
satellites-success driven home to the public, not only by news accounts bered engine in the million-pound
but by knowledge that these vehicles were continually passing over class will make a cluster of six for a
everyone's head, day after day, and night after night, and are visible to six-million-pound thrust relatively
the man on the street. easy, it was pointed out.
Finally, there has been a growing awareness of the fact that the
I.C.B.M.-once it is a successful operational weapon-will place any an operational weapon by 1944 ?
area of the globe previously considered perfectly safe, because of location, First of all, a number of persistent
within striking distance of a missile launched by another country. and undaunted scientists and ex-
perimenters, keenly devoted to the
development of rockets, put rocket
ROCKET DEVELOPMENT
engineering on a sound scientific
Rockets, even for military use, in flight, and inaccurate in tra- basis. To some of them, a vehicle
are not new. Historical papers jectory. Developments to improve for upper atmospheric research was
indicate that rocket arrows were these characteristics were made their goal; to others, the first steps
used by the Chinese against the during the last century, but the in space exploration. In any case,
Mongols during the battle of rifled gun outstripped the rocket Dr. R. Goddard in U.S.A., Profes-
Peiping in AD 1232. It was not long and in the First World War the sor Oberth in Germany, and re-
after that European armies used only rockets used were an anti- searchers in various countries-
rockets and by mid-15th century zeppelin type. some joining together into Inter-
the rocket was a full-fledged In the Second World War anti- planetary Associations, with lots
weapon-quite large ones, in fact, aircraft rockets and tactical air-to- of enthusiasm, frequently much
being fired. Experiments in Berlin ground rockets were used most scientific ability, but generally very
in 1668 fired rockets of 50 lbs. successfully. But they were small little money-developed theories
and 120 lbs. all-up weight, the in size, and not revolutionary. and measured experimental data,
latter carrying a 16-lb. warhead-a Suddenly there burst upon London, on rocket components, structures,
sizeable weapon, when compared to and figuratively on the world, the fuels and so on-until some of the
some of our rockets and guided German V-2 a very far cry from ideas on paper were far beyond
missiles today. Large numbers, too, any rocket the public had ever anything that had been built.
were used: sometimes 2,000 rockets heard of-and, in fact, the fore- Then in 1933 Hitler came to
in a single volley. runner of a new dimension in power, dissolved the German
But they were not an efficient warfare-space warfare. society, the VfR, seized all its
weapon. They had a very low What had happened between the records and equipment, and began
thermal efficiency, were unstable wars, that had made such a rocket secret rocket research with govern-

NOVEMBER 1958 5
 ment sponsorship and large
amounts (eventually) of govern- } s6 Tioo
Scale of miles
ment funds. In 1937 the work was 40 mln.
moved to Peenemunde on the
Baltic Coast and, despite a severe
bombing from the R.A.F. in August
1943, successfully developed the
V2 and put it into production. The
first V2 was fired at London from
The Hague in September 1944.
Although the public was caught
unawares, and for some time did
not know what was happening,
British scientists already had a
good idea of the weapon from the
LAUNCHING
remains of one which had been
fired from Peenemunde the pre-
POINT-
vious June, had gone astray and
landed in Sweden.
FIGURE [= Trajectories for different angles of projection
POST-WAR RESEARCH Initial velocity 15,240m.p.h.

Since that date many countries

have been busy developing guided alone is spending one billion dollars several thousand miles distant was
missiles and a few have embarked per year on ballistic missiles. In still beyond known techniques.
on the huge programmes required 1947, Convair began development With the H-bomb, the situation
to develop very long range ballistic work on the Atlas I.C.B.M. In was changed; its huge lethal radius
rockets. At the end of the Second 1953 the H-bomb was achieved by of several miles meant a much
World War the German scientists, the U.S.A. and in 1955 that country reduced navigation, or aiming,
familiar with rocket research, were put the I.C.B.M. programme on a accuracy and immediately reduced
picked up rapidly by the allied crash basis. by many years the development
countries. Dr. Von Braun, for The advent of the H-bomb was time for an operationally possible
example, who was responsible for a very significant date for long weapon.
the V2, went to the U.S.A. and range ballistic missiles. Up to that Accuracy is still a problem, but of
continued work on military rockets. time, though nuclear bombs of a different order. Without knowing
He is the chief scientist responsible kiloton yield (i.e. of explosive just what success the U.S.S.R. has
for the U.S. Army's Redstone energy equal to several thousand had with its I.C.B.M., the success-
missile. tons of T.N.T.) had increased the ful launchings of satellites by that
Today the U.S. Defence Depart- lethality of the ballistic missiles country and the U.S.A. indicate
ment is spending several billion thousands of times over its wartime that many of the other performance
dollars a year on missiles and prototype, the V-2 (which had a requirements for such missiles are
missile components and has 38 high explosive warhead), the guid- achievable now-at least by exper-
missile programmes underway. Ac- ance requirement of the missile to imentally-built vehicles.
cording to TIME, the U.S.A.F. make it hit a specified target This new dimension in warfare,
or threatened warfare, is therefore
almost upon us.

Mind Over Matter BALLISTIC TRAJECTORIES

Perhaps the most significant immediate result of man's movements into space lies If there is one quality which sets
not in its potential material achievements but in the effect it will have upon the human the I.C.B.M. apart from anything
mind. Man must think in changed dimensions. Just what is ahead no one can know else, it is its ability to travel out of
for sure, but it is certain the world never will seem quite the same as it did before the
Sputniks, Explorers and Vanguards went into their orbits.
the earth's atmosphere in what is
really outer space. While the actual
Physical capability to cope with the new situations will not be enough. There
must be mental agility and flexibility. Spain was perhaps the most capable in the
performance of individual missiles
physical sense to profit by the discoveries of Columbus in what then was unknown may be classified secret, and the
space, but the Spanish effort was a failure, mainly because the Spanish mind failed to accurate calculations of traject-
rise to the new plateau of possibilites. Man is on the verge of the marvelous. What the ories a complex mathematical prob-
exploration of space will do for him or to him depends largely on his intellectual
capabilities.
lem, approximate values of speed,
(U.S. ARMY DIGEST) altitude, range, etc., are quite easy
to determine.
First of all, what is the velocity

6 THE ROUNDEL
 0 500 IO0O burn-out, is the launch velocity in
Scale of miles our illustrations.
We have, however, ignored the
earth's atmosphere. Actually, some
27/%min. atmosphere does go out to a con-
siderable distance, as was proven
by Sputnik 1, which slowly
changed its orbit and perished as a
result of atmospheric friction, even
at its altitude. It may be pointed
2330mil@° out that at very high altitude, where
the air is very thin, gas tempera-
ture has little meaning in terms of
vehicle heating, and macroscopic

~,,:-'/
> phenomena such as boundary layer
skin friction and shock waves cease
___/
to exist. Re-entry of the missile
'v·/ into the atmosphere, of course, is
a problem under intense study
FIGURE 2= Trajectories for different Initial velocities today.
Angle of projection 30°
MILITARY OFFENSIVE USE

required of a rocket, to enable it to ical formulae involved, the accom- What are the significant physical
escape from the earth, and never panying diagrams illustrate the characteristics of the long range
return ? Ignoring the friction of the trajectories that missiles would ballistic missiles, from a military
earth's atmosphere, and the spin- follow (Fig. 1) launched at constant offensive point of view? There are
ning of the earth, it is numerically initial velocity but at different many, but the trajectories and
equal to the velocity an object angles of projection or (Fig. 2) times of flight stand out. Let us
would have, falling from outer launched at constant angle of look at the trajectories of a 1,500
space to the surface of the earth, projection but at different initial nm I.R.B.M., and a 5,400 nm
under the attraction of gravity velocities. I.C.B.M. (Fig. 3). Times of flight
only. It turns out to be 6.93 One point should perhaps be are indicated on the diagram. With
miles/sec. Jules Verne knew this made here. As was mentioned, a the total time from launch to
and assumed, for his story of a Jules Verne type of gun is not target, even over intercontinental
flight to the moon, that the re- recommended, but a rocket which distances, of minutes only, very
quired velocity could be achieved gathers speed steadily under a little time is allowed the opponent
by a huge gun (ignoring the effect reasonable acceleration and, there- for defence or counter offense
of the consequent acceleration on fore, reasonable stress. For our provided the launch is unexpected.
the people in the projectile, let trajectory diagrams and calcula- It is instructive to look at maps
alone its materials). Rockets, of tions, however, the accelerative of various areas, and draw circles
course, get around this, by a slow portion of the flight is so close to of ranges and times of flight from
process of building up speed; but the earth as to be ignored, so that assumed launching points. Fig. 4
more of this later. maximum rocket velocity, at motor is a map of Europe, showing two
The next calculation of interest
is how fast must an earth satellite
travel to remain a satellite? This
again is not difficult to calculate ICBM
approximately. For any satellite at IR DBM
a few hundred miles above the
earth, it is 5.0 miles per second, I
I
or 18,000 miles per hour, thus I
=890 ±4
taking about 1 hr. 24 minutes to I
circle the earth. I

A satellite is, in a sense, an

I.C.B.M. which is travelling over
all continents. One that travels
only a quarter way round the globe,
instead of all the way, won't have THE EARTH
to travel 5.0 miles per second, but
at something not very much less.
Without going into the mathemat- FIGURE 3 - OPTIMUM BALLISTIC TRAJECTORIES

NO\VE9ER 19.S8 7
 im aginary I.R. B.M . bases, and the
areas within 1,500 nm range of
each. The 5,400 nm I.C.B.M., on
the other hand, with a range
one-quarter the way round the
world, makes a whole hemisphere
within range of a single base.
Fig. 5 attempts to illustrate this,
showing range and time circles
from an imaginary base in Iceland.
Although the missiles can range
far and wide, reports indicate that
the I.C.B.M., at least, must have
an elaborate base from which to
fire. A solid propellant missile,
fired from a submarine, seems to
have some advantage here, at least
as to mobility.
Distances to targets must be
known accurately. This demands
accurate surveys of. enemy ter-
ritory, and an accurate tie-in with
the survey of the launching area.
It is not likely that miss-distances
could be corrected by bracketing,
or observing impacts in the target
area; the settings and control must
be correct to begin with.
Provided the targets were not at
maximum range, there might be
some advantage in firing low angle,
or high angle shots, rather than at
optimum launch angle for minimum
fuel.
Precise navigation and control
would be required to hit point FIGURE 4 - IRBM
targets, even with a megaton etc., they are of the same order, Another significant quantity
warhead, and at very long ranges, the I.C.B.M. itself being probably would be its size. Even the whole
large targets will be by no means cheaper, though of course it can
easy. missile, if it remained intact, would
only be used once. appear very small, at distances of
The I.R.B.M. and I.C.B.M., as
strategic weapons, must be com- many hundreds, or even several
pared with the other method of
MILITARY DEFENCE AGAINST thousands of miles. Should the
weapon delivery, the airborne warhead be separated, purposely,
Supposing that one plans to use
vehicle. As far as speeds and ballistic missiles against an enemy, from the rest of the rocket, like
altitudes are concerned, the missile Sputnik 1 from its rocket, it would
what can he do to defend himself?
far outperforms the aircraft. A full And conversely, what can we do be even more difficult to detect.
comparison of the two means of to defend ourselves from an op- Suppose a very· high powered,
weapon delivery would be very ponent's I.R.B.M. or I.C.B.M.? specially designed radar were put
complex, and is beyond the scope Obviously, retaliate. But what else? on the northern limit of the con-
of this article. It is interesting to Once again, let us look at the tinent. It would detect, we will
compare the vehicles themselves, vertical plane of their trajectories suppose, ballistic missiles at many
however; e.g. a B52 bomber with (Fig. 3). Take the case of the hundreds of miles distant. What
an Atlas I.C.B.M. By itself the I.C.B.M. If the north pole is as should then be done with this
missile looks enormous, especially shown, then the missile would be information? Obviously, it would
when standing upright, with men travelling over Canada and the be passed south, to the head-
working at its base, but when laid U.S.A. for only some 15-20 minutes quarters of our Continental Air
out in comparison with a B52 at most and its speed, as has been Defence, NORAD, at Colorado
fuselage, the I.C.B.M. doesn't look mentioned, would be some 22,000 Springs. To whom else? To the
nearly so gargantuan. And when ft. per sec., or almost 4nm per two governments of course, and
one compares cost and pay-load, second. directly to Strategic Air Com±and.
8 THE OU«!>::
 Up to about 100,000 ft. aero-
dynamic methods of control would
be possible, but over that, reaction
types are needed.
Again, the smallness of the
target might be further aggravated
by separation of the warhead from
the empty tankage, etc., as men-
tioned before.
And a most important opera-
tional requirement would be that
these defensive missiles must stand
ready for use on a very few minutes
warning.
All in all, whether it is passive
or active defence, i.e. detection, or
destruction of incoming I.C.B.M.s,
the problems are difficult, and any
system seems bound to cost a lot of
money.
The U.S., however, is actively
pursuing the development of both
passive and active defence methods,
and the Canadian Defence Re-
search Board has been co-operating
on the research side for many
months. (See ROUNDEL Vol. 10
No. 6.)

SUMMING IT UP

In conclusion let me recapitulate

a few of the important points:
(a) undoubtedly, the ballistic missile
FIGURE 5- ICBM coupled with the thermonuclear
megaton bomb, has brought a new
The latter would need warning dimension to warfare, or the threat
The problem of doing this suc- of war. The missile without this
both for defence and retaliation. cessfully has been likened to two warhead is not the danger; ballistic
Such messages must go quickly- men at opposite ends of a lecture missiles can be and are used for
in matters of seconds under this hall, firing needles at each other, peaceful purposes, e.g. upper at-
type of threat. Thus a long range, hoping they would collide. mosphere and space research. It
was an I.C.B.M. rocket, apparently,
utterly reliable communication net- One fact, however, is in the which launched the U.S.S.R.
work would be required. favour of the ballistic missile de- Sputniks. Alone it is not a danger,
but with the H-bomb it has opened
Who else should be warned ? fence, and that is that it does up the possibility of space warfare,
Cities? If the plan is to warn likely travel a ballistic path. When this and the annihilation of huge
targets, rather than send a danger path has been partially travelled, masses of people.
warning to everyone, then some if it can be observed, the remainder (b) A new order of distance, speed,
rapid computation of the missile's can be accurately computed. altitude, and time of flight has been
introduced into the materials of
trajectory is required. With time But an anti-missile missile is a warfare.
so precious, accuracy of impact tall order. If it was planned to (c) The longest range missiles, the
prediction must be weighed against destroy the incoming I.C.B.M. I.C.B.M.s, are still under develop-
time required for warning. while it was still high on its traject- ment; but from news accounts,
even these are only two or three
Finally, there would be the active ory in space, then the defensive years away from operational readi-
missile defence system to be missile would have to be another ness.
warned. Active Defence: this means I.C.B.M. But if destruction can (d) Detection and warning of incoming
destroying the incoming warhead, wait until the warhead re-enters missiles is difficult, and will be
at a safe altitude before it strikes. the atmosphere then a shorter costly, but is apparently feasible.
The apparent way to do this is by rocket range would be required, ( e) Destruction of ballistic missiles is
even more difficult than detection,
shooting another missile at it an yet one which has plenty of ability but the anti-missile missile seems
anti- missile isslle, to manoeuvre, and with speed. to be the answer.

9
 de Havilland factory at Downsview, Ont., employs over 4,000 workers.

THEY MAI(E OUR AIRCRAFT

Part One
(This is the first of three articles describing the various companies which constitute the ranu-
facturing segment of Canada's aircraft industry. Mention the phrase, ''Canada's aircraft iindustry'',
and one automatically envisions the industrial complex in Montreal or Toronto and associates this
industry with the post-war, or at least the Second World War period. It is, therefore, tca keep the
picture in proper perspective that we turn briefly to the past where the story of Canada s aircraft
industry rightly begins.-Editor.)

Jy 1907, in the picturesque hamlet pany. Unlike Dr. Bell's organiza- again in Canada when he Curtiss
of Beinn Bhreagh, N.S., Canadian tion, the Canadian Aerodrome Aeroplane and Motors I td. opened
aviation got its start. In that Company was concerned with the a small factory in Toror =ato to turn
unpretentious spot Doctor Alex- manufacture and sale of aeroplanes out aeroplanes for tl eir flying
ander Graham Bell and four asso- as well as experimenting with them. schools at Toronto Islanc l and Long
ciates formed the Aerial Experiment Several machines were built at Branch. This time, hov.......;arever, con-
Association. This organization built Baddeck, including one for an ditions were different frc-m those of
and flew several aeroplanes includ- American customer, but unable to 1909. There was a war c=-n. In 1916
ing the Silver Dart, the aeroplane obtain government support for the Imperial Munitions Board re-
which made aviation history on their enterprise, Mr. McCurdy and organized and re-named athe factory
23 February 1909 by becoming the Mr. Baldwin closed their factory the Canadian Aeroplane== Ltd. The
first aeroplane to fly in Canada. in 1910. Thus ended the first Canadian Aeroplane Ltcll. not only
A year and a half later the Aerial venture into the realm of aircraft designed and built origir al aircraft
Experiment Association ceased manufacturing in this country. for the large training est=1blishment
operations and was succeeded by In 1915, after a lapse of five which the R.F.C. set up ::::::a. n Canada,
the Canadian Aerodrome Com- years, aircraft manufacturing began but went into the expoc::::-t business

10 2aHE RC UNDEL
 as well by selling landplanes to the
Signal Service of the U.S. Army
and flying boats to the United
States Navy. In its six-acre plant
the company's 2,000 employees
turned out almost 3,000 aeroplanes
during the company's 21 months of
existence.
A sound nucleus for an aviation
industry had obviously been estab-
lished but, when the war ended,
the pressing need for building
aeroplanes was over and the avia-
tion industry dwindled. Between
the wars the manufacture of air-
craft in Canada was at a low ebb
and it was not until ominous
rumblings heralded the coming of

4j
another conflict that the almost-
dormant aircraft industry awoke
from its slumber. The resulting
expansion established the present
day aircraft industry which pro-
duces 12 separate types of aircraft
and two reciprocating and two
I turbojet engines and employs some
Shinto priests bless a Beaver in Japan.
46,000 people.

I DE HA VILLAND (CANADA) LTD. study the D.H. Moth with a view

to using this little aeroplane for
fire detection duties over Ontario's
I AD the fragrant aroma of cherry blossoms, a soft chant rose in the forest areas. The government offi-
cial so impressed de Havilland
cool evening air as Shinto priests carried out an age old ceremony petition-
executives on the opportunities for
ing deity for protection. This summoning of the supernatural in Tokyo
an aviation industry in Canada,
was to invoke the protection of Providence on a Canadian-built aeroplane,
that they decided to come and
the Beaver, which was about to embark on a Japanese Antarctic study the situation for themselves.
Expedition. This resulted in 1928 in the forma-
Although the Beaver is seldom found in such exotic surroundings,
tion of de Havilland (Canada) Ltd.
it now flies in 58 countries and is establishing a world-wide reputation
The beginning was a humble one.
for the firm which designed and builds it-de Havilland Aircraft Company The company's ·first factory was a
of Canada, Ltd. wooden shack by a railway track
I The R.C.A.F. has had a long and and built in the Canadian plant. at Mount Dennis, Ontario, and the
valuable association with the de It was at this time also that the "aerodrome" was a piece of pasture
I Havilland company. Early in the R.C.A.F. became the first air force land. The factory had at least one
Second World War several hundred in the world to operate jet trans- virtue: it was dirt cheap, a matter
Tiger Moths were purchased for ports when they purchased from of some importance to a company
the British Commonwealth Air the parent company two de Havil- with a total working force of three.
Training Plan. Thousands of Cana- land Comets. Today, in addition However, there were certain short-
dian pilots received their ab initio to Chipmunks, the Otter, de comings. The building was too
training on these sturdy trainers Havilland's latest contribution to small for doping operations, an
and later many flew the famous, the R.C.A.F., is a familiar sight essential item during the days of
and versatile, de Havilland Mos- to air force personnel. fabric covered aircraft.
quito into combat. In the post- Fortunately, however, the strug-
bellum period the peaceful sky gling young company had a friend
HUMBLE START
around R.C.A.F. flying stations who believed the aeroplane was
I was dotted by two of the company's The opening scene' of the de here to stay. This friend, who had
products: the British-built Havilland (Canada) story really an imposing country home, loaned
Vampire, first operational jet begins in 1924 when a representa- the company the use of his billiard
fighter in the R.C.A.F., and the tive of the Ontario Provincial Air room where, in due course, the
I Chipmunk which was designed Service journeyed to England to required doping was carried out in

NOVEA&ER 19.50 11
 the midst of regal surroundings.
In spite of the severe space limita-
tions, de Havilland managed to
deliver 62 Fox Moths in their
first year of operation. But the
company's ability to meet its
weekly payroll still hinged on the
down payment on a Fox Moth, or
a fortuitous error in judgement
that put an aircraft over on its
back and into the repair shop.
What the fledgling company
lacked in capital was more than
made up for in the zeal and en-
thusiasm of its employees. A typical
example of the spirit that inspired
this little group of individuals was
the aerobatic display put on at the
Canadian National Exhibition in Last of the Moth line--the mighty Tiger.
1929 by de Havilland's first test
pilot, in order to earn the company for aggressive re-armament became England for assembly, a complete
a badly needed $2,000. Another alarmingly apparent, de Havilland reversal of the processes which had
such episode was a return trip from received an order for an aircraft formerly established the flow-pat-
Toronto to Vancouver in a Puss that was destined to become a tern between the two. A later order
Moth. This 6,050-mile trip, accom- familiar sight in Canadian skies, for 400 Tiger Moths resulted in
plished in 58 hours flying time, the time-honoured Tiger Moth. extensive modifications to this air-
was carried out by the sales The next year an order from the craft.
manager to publicize the com- British government was received From this humble beginning in
pany's products. In that same year for 200 Tiger Moths for the the field of creative engineering
aviation in Canada was rapidly R.A.F. These were manufactured came the team which was respon-
expanding, enabling the company by the Canadian organization and sible, years later, for three very
to move into larger quarters at its shipped to the parent company in successful Canadian aircraft: the
present location at Downsview, Chipmunk, the Beaver, and the
Ontario. Otter. As the war progressed the
Chipmunk--basic trainer. de Havilland company went on a
EXPANSION IN THE '30s
full-out war production basis and,
Then came a time which was to to meet their obligations, they
augur well for the future of the pyramided in size from 50 to 7,200
company: the era of the bush pilot. employees and occupied 12 acres
As an army of flannel-shirted, of floor space. Under the great
hobnail-booted men surged north in impetus provided by the war, the
search of treasure, the aeroplane plant produced 1,747 Tiger Moths,
was seized upon as the answer to 1,135 Mosquitoes and 375
get places in a hurry. Air bases Ansons.
dotted railhead jumping-off places
and an ever-multiplying fleet of POST-WAR REORGANIZATION

'planes flocked to this new frontier. When the war ended de Havil-
Although de Havilland (Canada) land, along with all other manu-
was intended to be merely an facturers of aircraft in Canada, was
assembly point for the parent faced with the inevitable period of
company's products, they turned adjustment and disruption. Draw-
their energies towards developing ing on their wealth of experience,
equipment which would speed up particularly in the field of training
the work of progress and discovery aircraft, the company decided to
that was taking place in the north. concentrate its efforts on a new
These products included seaplane basic trainer to replace the Tiger
floats and ski installations, features Moth. These efforts resulted in the
which came to distinguish Cana- Chipmunk, an aircraft which
dian bush aeroplanes from those of immediately found favour with air
any other breed. forces in many parts of the
In 1937, the year when the need world. Its delivery to the R.A.F.
12
How to Open or Close a Conversation Reprinted from
LANGAR LOG

Sous of you may soon take your first ride on a British train. In order leather. Its labels show that it
that you may enjoy yourselves we shall forearm you with a few simple has journeyed with its owner to
rules of conduct. Without guidance, you might become so piqued as to Istanbul and Kootenay. It might
explain "this is one hell of a way to run a railroad!" If this remark is be Doctor Watson. The suitcase
overheard by nearby Britons you will be treated as if suffering from ugly does not belong to him, but to
'un-British' disease. You might possibly ascribe their ostracism to his illustrious room-mate. He
British phlegm, or worse. You should instead blame your own ignorance grabbed it up from under a pile
(Railroads exist in Canada, but the British have RAILWAYS). of old dressing gowns in the Baker
Street flat when he got the curt
To buy a ticket, go to the A Canadian train is friendly yet telegram crumpled in his pocket:
booking-office window and say spacious, a British train is institu- ''Bring two pounds cocaine
"first single to Furze Cop" or tional, cozy and tinged with threat. Holmes." Such is the normal
"third return to Peverell Swine" The coaches (cars) are divided into atmosphere of a British train.
as the case may be. "Single" means compartments, so you travel in
one way! "Return" means round small and isolated groups. Local Show your companions that
trip. There are two classes of trains have no connecting corridor you are a poor foreigner, by
travel on British railways; they helplessly leafing over the pages
between compartments.
are called, obviously, 1st Class of Bradshaw's British Railways
The lady opposite you may be
and 3rd Class. 2nd Class is reserved Guide. After a few moments ask
the lovely and hospitable Countess
for passengers on Boat trains to of Haughstraugh, but, on the other
diffidently if some one can please
the Continent. tell you how to get from Barnstone
hand she may be a fugitive from
Do not put your ticket in your to Crook of Devon. You seldom
Ruritania with secret plans as well
hatband but keep it carefully in meet any Briton who is able to
as more obvious excitements be-
hand-bag or ticket pocket. During read Bradshaw, but you will have
neath her corsage. The stolid man started a conversation.
the journey, various guards (con- with a pipe may be a weary busi-
ductors) and comparative strangers ness executive. Look at his suitcase To close one, pick up the
will punch pieces out of it. On no perched insecurely on the rack LONDON TIMES and open it at
account throw your ticket away, above his head. It is old and bat- the leader page. No other news-
because without it they will not tered but of the best quality paper will do.
let you through the station gate.
Two men in our section are still
missing because of this. -\
On going to board a British train
you should walk up the far end of
the platform, ignoring the sign that
[bas=
reads: "No trainspotters allowed
past this point", to inspect the

0:r
locomotive. If it is a steam engine,
join the group gathered round it.
There will be two or three school-
masters amathmetician, a solicitor's
clerk, and some 50 schoolboys in
grey flannel shorts, blue blazers
and brightly ringed school caps.
The small boys, each with a note-
book will write down its name and
number and exchange shouts of
6002 King William IV". These
people are trainspotters, members
?
in good standing of the Railway ~ >
Admiration Society, which com-
prises 90% of all male Britons.
Please do not laugh at them.
Train watching does no harm to
anyone; it cannot be explained
'' ~
.cuce o-
<'e""
5®_ ;s
!
)~
I

anymore than mountaineering.

NOVEMBE? 19.58 15
 Groundcrews competed for awards, too.

Arming a CF-JOO with rockets (I. tor.):

ROCI(ET SHOO'
L.A.C. W. Majous and Cpl. L. Walker.
J
I PHOTOS BY F/O D. E.

No. 428 (Ghost) Squadron won

mand rocket meet held at RC
It was almost a clean sweep
received the W. R. MacBrien
supremacy in the R.C.A.F., and
Aircraft Maintenance Efficienc
groundcrew and Flying Officer J.
directed 428 to victory, won first
Only non-Ottawa winner we
Sqn., whose team of Wing Corr
]. A. Emon took high honours fc
The five-day rocket shoot w
Sqn. Ldr. D. S. McKechnie, D.F.C. only the final sorties determining
takes aim.
St. Hubert placed second, and No.
fell back to third after leading tr
Progress of the meet was closely followed by all concerned via this scoreboard. Eighteen crews from nine C
pggp gag part, firing some 540 2.75-inch.
6ROUND REW
---. ANNUAL rose Lake weapons range. The
ADC RICKET MEET spirit of competition and good fe
ii[,g i"[[]']']]][[]
[d gF±."" Air Vice Marshal MacBrier
COHOX sen ted the trophy which he put
ST HUB]] • P. F. Greenway, 428's commandir
UPUHDl
tors stressed the value of team
BA6OTYIIE
here that groundcrew, radar cor
interceptor team. Only with a s.
aircrew make a successful attack.
The oldest and the youngest
Wing Cdr. Wilson, 43, took top
Officer G. Parks, 21, had the hig
989.6 out of 1000.

16 THE ROUNDEL
How to Open or Close a Conversation Reprinted from
LANGAR LOG

Sous of you may soon take your first ride on a British train. In order leather. Its labels show that it
that you may enjoy yourselves we shall forearm you with a few simple has journeyed with its owner to
rules of conduct. Without guidance, you might become so piqued as to Istanbul and Kootenay. It might
explain "this is one hell of a way to run a railroad!" If this remark is be Doctor Watson. The suitcase
overheard by nearby Britons you will be treated as if suffering from ugly does not belong to him, but to
'un-British' disease. You might possibly ascribe their ostracism to his illustrious room-mate. He
British phlegm, or worse. You should instead blame your own ignorance grabbed it up from under a pile
(Railroads exist in Canada, but the British have RAILWAYS). of old dressing gowns in the Baker
Street flat when he got the curt
To buy a ticket, go to the A Canadian train is friendly yet telegram crumpled in his pocket:
booking-office window and say spacious, a British train is institu- ''Bring two pounds cocaine
"first single to Furze Cop" or tional, cozy and tinged with threat. Holmes." Such is the normal
"third return to Peverell Swine" The coaches (cars) are divided into atmosphere of a British train.
as the case may be. "Single" means compartments, so you travel in
one way! "Return" means round small and isolated groups. Local Show your companions that
trip. There are two classes of trains have no connecting corridor you are a poor foreigner, by
travel on British railways; they helplessly leafing over the pages
between compartments.
are called, obviously, 1st Class of Bradshaw's British Railways
The lady opposite you may be
and 3rd Class. 2nd Class is reserved Guide. After a few moments ask
the lovely and hospitable Countess
for passengers on Boat trains to of Haughstraugh, but, on the other
diffidently if some one can please
the Continent. tell you how to get from Barnstone
hand she may be a fugitive from
Do not put your ticket in your to Crook of Devon. You seldom
Ruritania with secret plans as well
hatband but keep it carefully in meet any Briton who is able to
as more obvious excitements be-
hand-bag or ticket pocket. During read Bradshaw, but you will have
neath her corsage. The stolid man started a conversation.
the journey, various guards (con- with a pipe may be a weary busi-
ductors) and comparative strangers ness executive. Look at his suitcase To close one, pick up the
will punch pieces out of it. On no perched insecurely on the rack LONDON TIMES and open it at
account throw your ticket away, above his head. It is old and bat- the leader page. No other news-
because without it they will not tered but of the best quality paper will do.
let you through the station gate.
Two men in our section are still
missing because of this. -\
On going to board a British train
you should walk up the far end of
the platform, ignoring the sign that
[bas=
reads: "No trainspotters allowed
past this point", to inspect the

0:r
locomotive. If it is a steam engine,
join the group gathered round it.
There will be two or three school-
masters amathmetician, a solicitor's
clerk, and some 50 schoolboys in
grey flannel shorts, blue blazers
and brightly ringed school caps.
The small boys, each with a note-
book will write down its name and
number and exchange shouts of
6002 King William IV". These
people are trainspotters, members
?
in good standing of the Railway ~ >
Admiration Society, which com-
prises 90% of all male Britons.
Please do not laugh at them.
Train watching does no harm to
anyone; it cannot be explained
'' ~
.cuce o-
<'e""
5®_ ;s
!
)~
I

anymore than mountaineering.

NOVEMBE? 19.58 15
 Groundcrews competed for awards, too.

Arming a CF-JOO with rockets (I. tor.):

ROCI(ET SHOO'
L.A.C. W. Majous and Cpl. L. Walker.
J
I PHOTOS BY F/O D. E.

No. 428 (Ghost) Squadron won

mand rocket meet held at RC
It was almost a clean sweep
received the W. R. MacBrien
supremacy in the R.C.A.F., and
Aircraft Maintenance Efficienc
groundcrew and Flying Officer J.
directed 428 to victory, won first
Only non-Ottawa winner we
Sqn., whose team of Wing Corr
]. A. Emon took high honours fc
The five-day rocket shoot w
Sqn. Ldr. D. S. McKechnie, D.F.C. only the final sorties determining
takes aim.
St. Hubert placed second, and No.
fell back to third after leading tr
Progress of the meet was closely followed by all concerned via this scoreboard. Eighteen crews from nine C
pggp gag part, firing some 540 2.75-inch.
6ROUND REW
---. ANNUAL rose Lake weapons range. The
ADC RICKET MEET spirit of competition and good fe
ii[,g i"[[]']']]][[]
[d gF±."" Air Vice Marshal MacBrier
COHOX sen ted the trophy which he put
ST HUB]] • P. F. Greenway, 428's commandir
UPUHDl
tors stressed the value of team
BA6OTYIIE
here that groundcrew, radar cor
interceptor team. Only with a s.
aircrew make a successful attack.
The oldest and the youngest
Wing Cdr. Wilson, 43, took top
Officer G. Parks, 21, had the hig
989.6 out of 1000.

16 THE ROUNDEL
 Members of 432 Sqn. parade a radop to the tow aircraft.

AT COLD LAKE No. 428 Sqn.'s winning crews (I. tor.): Flt. Lt. F. Hastings,
A.F.C.; F/O R. C. F. Laurie; Flt. Lt. B. F. Dunster, D.F.C.;
Sqn Ldr. P. F. Greenway, squadron commander.

AND CPL. D. I. ROBERTSON

~ second annual Air Defence Com-

. Station Cold Lake in September.
the Uplands-based airmen. They
hy, emblematic of aerial weapons
of the other three top awards. The
.vard was taken by the Ottawa
Brisay, ground radar controller who
e in the controller competition.
orth Bay's No. 414 (Black Knight)
1der E. Wilson and Flying Officer
.vidual crew.
keenly contested all the way, with
'nner. No. 425 (Alouette) Sqn. from
0 (Cougar) Sqn., also from Uplands,
st two days of competition .
ian-based CF-100 squadrons took
l over the 4,000 square-mile Prim- The Ghostmen take a bow.
:ompanying pictures illustrate the
ip which characterized the meet. ±pr Tsao}as r ry
O.C. Air Defence Command, pre-
or competition to Squadron Leader
[HI_ujgi "\/U -
er, and in his address to competi- anr IEAPDONS
• He said, "You have found out ~ :TICE UNIT
ers and aircrew go to make up an is \
combination behind them can the ID ~
In.
.
ts in the meet both won honours. \
e
lividual crew award while Flying
points for one shoot: a sensational

NOVEMBER 1958 17
I;, , c·. ·. I
· -·--· - . ,.·
.4" •
, 5"-3-8
. - .
I -t
l ,%

'
',
I

Keenly interested observers at the 1958 Rocket Meet included (I. to r.): Brig.
Gen. J. C. Jenson, U.S.A.F. liaison officer to D.N.D.; Air Vice-Marshal W. R.
MacBrien, A.0.C. of A.D.C.; Maj. Gen. E. H. Underhill, U.S.A.F. Eastern
A.D.F. commander; Group Capt. C. G. Ruttan, C.0. of R.C.A.F. Stn. Cold Lake. Royal treatment on arrival for Flt. Lt.
E. T. Frymire and F/0 R. 0. Jacobs
of 414 Sqn., North Bay.

40s
NF sa, ®P
J

Only representation from western

Canada was from 409 Sqn., Comox,
B.C.

Top radar controller at the meet:

F/0 S. J. Des Brisay.

Top individual crew, from 414 Sqn.,

North Bay: F/0 J. A. Emon and Wing
Cdr. E. Wilson.

18 THE ROUNDEL O ~
 SCHOOL NO PROBLEM
FOR R.C.A.F. CHILDREN IN EUROPE
Tar study of European geog- basic education which will enable
raphy presents no difficulty to them to fit into the various school
the students of R.C.A.F. families systems in Canada when they
stationed in Europe and attending return."
Department of National Defence- In most of these schools educa-
sponsored schools. tion is provided from kindergarten
When 3000 R.C.A.F. children through Grade 13, without charge
returned to their school rooms to the parents. All teachers are
this fall many brought back Canadian, on leave of absence
memories of holidays spent in a from various school boards across
half dozen or more European Canada. Canadian teachers are
countries. Although not a require- also on the staffs of international
ment on the curriculum, the visit- schools at Supreme Headquarters
ing of these countries is encouraged
by D.N.D. teachers and stress is
Allied Powers Europe and
American Air Force Central Euro- U.N.E.F. MEDAL
placed upon realizing the signif- pean Headquarters near Paris.
icance of these visits. As a follow- The United Nations Emergency
Five D.N.D. schools are main- Force medal has been awarded to
up, students are encouraged to tained in Germany and Belgium
write about and discuss in their date to 111 R.C.A.F. officers and
for children of Canadian Army 459 airmen who served with the
class-rooms the places and objects personnel.
they saw during the summer. For U.N.E.F. in the Middle East.
The eight schools for the children The medal is being awarded to
many, this year, it would be the of R.C.A.F. personnel are located
World's Fair at Brussels. personnel of the Royal Canadian
at Metz, Grostenquin and Marville, Navy, Canadian Army and
Superintendent of Education for France; Zweibrucken, Baden
D.N.D. overseas schools is Dr. R.C.A.F. who have completed 90
Soellingen and Ramstein, Germany; days continuous or aggregated ser-
Harold Campbell of Victoria, B.C., Langar, England, and Decimo-
who says, "Our prime aim is to vice as a member of the U.N.E.F.
mannu on the Italian island of A similar medal is awarded to
provide the children with a sound Sardinia in the Mediterranean. servicemen of other countries.
Established through authority
conferred on the Secretary General
by the General Assembly of the
» United Nations, the medal is
~ Sy
round in form-bearing on one side
2
9 the emblem of the U.N. and on
the reverse side the inscription
"In the Cause of Peace. The
ribbon is golden yellow with a broad
middle bar of U.N. blue and is
flanked on each side by two
narrow bars-one green, the other
dark blue.

400 YEARS LATER ...

Jacques Cartier's discovery of
Canada is featured by the R.C.A.F.
at the Fete de Mirabelle wine
festival at Metz, France. Jacques
and his lovely companions rode
amidst 11,000 flowers on the float
which elicited much favourable
comment from the festival crowd.

NOVEMBER 1958 19
 BEWARE
THE MOOSE!
Part One
BY FLIGHT LIEUTENANT A. P. HEATHCOTE
Air Historical Branch

No. 419 Squadron Operated Continuously in Bomber Command For More Than
Three Years. Its Formation and First Six Months' History Comprise the First of
This Five-Part Serial.

])omsc the afternoon of 5 August 1957 six sections of CF-100s The first project given Wing
touched down at Baden Soellingen, Germany. Each aircraft bore Cdr. Fulton and his assistants was
the emblem of a charging moose and belonged to a squadron to have the squadron ready for
which had just completed a three-leg hop over the Atlantic from operations three weeks from the
Canada. Though this was the squadron's first contact en masse date of its formation on paper. The
with German soil, it was not the first time a unit displaying the task was made virtually impossible
symbol of the moose had flown the Atlantic. Whereas now the by a delay in the supply system,
crossing signified a task's beginning, 12 years before it had marked by reason of which no aircraft
one's ending. But to begin at the very beginning... reached the squadron until the day
before the projected deadline for
* k k
the start of operations. Indeed, the
unit deserved commendation for
Ten days before Christmas, 1941, No. 3 Group of Bomber Command
acquired its first Canadian Squadron. The fledgling formation was the breaking into the operational
third R.C.A.F. heavy-bomber squadron to materialize overseas. Its column when it did. That was on
birthplace was the East Anglian airfield of Mildenhall, Suffolk, and its 11 January 1942, only one week
numerical designation was 419. after the delivery of its first
aircraft, two Wellington ICs.
If there was a factor common to the new unit's executive personnel, For the previous few months,
it was experience. The Commanding Officer was Wing Commander units of Bomber Command had
John ("Moose") Fulton, D.F.C., A.F.C., a Canadian with seven years' been periodically sidetracked from
service in the R.A.F. and one tour of operations, begun over the beaches their strategical duties by the
of Dunkirk, already behind him. Another "Canadian-in-the-R.A.F.", presence of three of Germany's
Squadron Leader F.W.S. ("Roscoe") Turner, commanded "A" Flight.
capital ships in the harbour of
He had flown in the R.A.F.'s first bombing operation of the war, scarcely
more than 24 hours after the declaration of hostilities. In charge of Brest the Scharnhorst Gneise-
"B" Flight, and also well indoctrinated in the science of aerial bombing,
nau, and Prinz Eugen. Sensing
was a Britisher, Sqn. Ldr. E.G.B. Reid. that an attempted break-out to the
open sea was imminent, the R.A.F.
20
THE POUT#DEL
 reports was a mention of flak LOW-LEVEL ATTACK
defences, which were, in fact,
fully as hot as expected. Shortly before midnight on 11
February 1942, the Scharnhorst
. Four nights later the squadron and Gneisenau made their move.
mtroduced itself to Germany. The Thereby the stage was set for one
same two aircraft, manned largely of the most hazardous air opera-
by the same personnel, headed for tions of the war--a heavy-bomber
one of the toughest targets in the attack on the floating fortresses
European theatre the great port from low level. Every Group in
city of Hamburg. One just failed Command was warned to be ready
to make it back to England, crash- to get every aircraft possible into
mg m the sea off Spurn Head within the air for afternoon attacks in
plain sight of viewers on land. successive waves. No. 419 contrib-
Thereby were precipitated 419's uted three crews, which were
first casualties, the names Cottier, briefed to take part in the final
Powell, Pugh, and Lomas being phase.
subsequently inscribed at the head History has recorded that the
of the squadron's Roll of Honour. operation failed. This detracts
Their companions, Cox and Lucas, nothing from the gallantry of its
were rescued. executors. Their job consisted
broadly of seeking out the enemy
For the next 25 days the squad- convoy in weather conditions of a
ron continued to operate exclusively 600-foot-minimum ceiling and half-
Wing Cdr. J. ''Moose" Fulton
against French ports, despatching a-mile visibility, penetrating the
small raiding parties twice to flak of an outer screen of E-boats,
was now calling even more fre- Boulogne and Brest and once to an inner screen of destroyers, and
quently on Brest in an effort to St. Nazaire. Largely because of the target ships themselves, then
prevent, or at least delay, the break poor weather,* these attacks were bombing a moving target, mean-
for freedom. One of these raids was no howling successes; but, respect- while avoiding contact with a
the occasion for 419's first opera- ing 419, they at least produced no powerful umbrella of FW 190s and
tional sorties. casualties. Me. 109s. The weather was so
It was a modest beginning. Late hopeless and the defences so strong
in the afternoon of that January Radar aids-to-bombing had yet to be that, out of 242 Bomber Command
day, two "VR" Wellingtons fitted to 4 19's aircraft. crews despatched against the sea
(X9748 and Z1145), each carrying
six human beings and six 500-
pound bombs, rumbled away from The Lord Mayor of London presided at the official presentation to419 of ''Bruce
Mildenhall. At the controls of the the Moose'', on behalf of the city of Kamloops, B.C. Wing Cdr. Fulton and
first aircraft was "The Moose" former Canadian prime minister Viscount Bennett listened attentively.
himself, 419's imperturbable com-
mander, who, hard-pressed though
he was with a plethora of problems
in this formative period, still found
time to lead his squadron on its
first operation. His crew-com-
panions were Sgt. A. Thomson,
P /0 P.C. Budd, Sgt. K.E. Crosby,
Sgt. B. Pope and P /0 R.B.
O'Callaghan. Manning the second
aircraft were P/O T.G. Cottier,
Sgt. L.C. Powell, Sgt. A.E. Cox
(RAF), Sgt. T.N. Pugh (RAF),
Sgt. N. Williamson, and Sgt. ].A.H.
Lucas. Though the A/Pwas
obscured by a smoke screen, both
crews claimed to have dropped
their stuff in the target area.
Conspicuously absent in their raid

The squadron letters.

Aiming-point.

NOVEMBER 1758
21
foe on that black February after-
noon, only 39 were known to have
bombed. Included among the 15
aircraft that never returned were
two ''VR" Wellingtons.
Nineteen days after the failure,
a success. Since the war's earliest
days Command had been refused
permission to bomb industrial tar-
gets in occupied countries by night
on the grounds that the lives of
friendly civilians would be en-
dangered. Early in February 1942
it was finally given the green light.
Now only favourable weather was
needed to initiate the nocturnal
destruction of industries outside
Germany which were producing for
Hitler. On the night of 3/4 March
the skies over Paris were clear, the
visibility perfect. Around 9 p.m.,
G.M.T., bombers appeared in
strength over the suburbs. They
were bound for Billancourt, or,
more specifically, the Renault
Works, which turned out vehicles In front of their Wellington at Mildenhall, Suffolk (I. to r.): Sqn. Ldr. W. S.
for the Wehrmacht. Eight of their Turner, P/O K.E. Hobson, FIt. Sgts. G. P. Fowler, C. A. Robson, N. G. Arthur
number were Wellingtons of 419 and H. T. Dell.
Squadron.
The attack produced spectacular
results. Bombing from as low as force. He expressed his apprecia- Ruhr was number one on the
3000 feet, 419's crews, without tion in a note of thanks and con- Harris hit parade! No city or town
exception, saw their H.E. fall in the gratulations to each participant in Europe was to be subjected to
target area. Sqn. Ldr. Turner, unit. more "main force" attacks.
whose stick of 250's sliced through HAPPY VALLEY
The eighth day of March, 1942,
the very heart of the Seine Works was, then, the date of 419's
(a section of the factory which was On 8 March Harris really began introduction to both the Ruhr and
the squadron's specific target), to put his bombing theories into Essen. That night and the next
observed that most of the main practice. Occupying a special niche and the next its crews paid their
plant was on fire. Actually, some- in his plan of area annihilation was
respects to the city, and, after a
thing like 12 per cent of the factory a region extending some 40 miles
fortnight's training, dropped in
area was seriously damaged, and it from east to west and an average
again. Despite Essen's fulfilment of
was three to four months before of 25 miles from north to south.
its reputation as a flak dispenser,
full production was regained. It was the most concentrated in-
the unit managed to avoid
This was, in every sense of the dustrial area in all Europe and, for
that matter, had few equals any- casualties.
word, a precision-bombing affair. Unquestionably Command's first
Strange indeed that such an opera- where as a war producer. Officially
known as The Ruhr, it acquired extraordinary success in area bomb-
tion should have produced the first ing was scored on the old Hansa
big success of a squadron which more than one alias in aircrew
parlance, the most common being port of Lubeck, incinerated on the
was to devote by far the greater night of 29 March 1942. Indicative
part of its time to strategic or "Happy Valley"*. Largest of the
valley's 14 principal urban com- of the raid's effect was the fact that
"area" bombing. It was also it evoked the first loud bleat from
ironic that the Renault raid was a munities was Essen, home of the
Krupps Works, Germany's prime Dr. Goebbels, who admitted that
like success for that greatest of all
manufacturer of munitions. Small 80 per cent of the town's old section
protagonists of area bombing, Air
Marshal Arthur T. Harris, who wonder that this kingpin of the was destroyed. Had the propa
had recently become the guiding gandist and his bosses foreseen the
The Ruhr Valley was only a part of the 70-odd "Lubecks" that were to
hand of Britain's heavy bomber over-all industrial region, actually markin
its southern boundary. In the minds %}
appear within the next three years,
Some crews were now flying in Welling- bomber crews, however, "Ruhr Vall " it is a matter for speculation
"Happ
ton IIIs, to which the squadron had con- . y v a 11 ey ,, usually impliedey theor whether they would have nego
verted late in February . entire area of a thousand square miles, tiated for peace then and there.

22 THE ROUNDEL
 Success in this instance had not his first bid for freedom. With an
come cheaply, losses having been of blankets, Brooks and five others
escape companion, a Private Cross, vacated their apartment. With his
in the order of 5 per cent. Among he severed the barbed wire on a hut
{he missing aircraft was one of escape partner, a Corporal Sidi, the
window, scrambled out, cut through Canadian walked a good 80 miles
419's. Four of its crew became the an inner fence, scaled an outer before boarding a coal train bound
vanguard of nearly 200 squadron fence, and sprinted along a rail for Vienna. Disembarking on the
personnel destined to endure the track heading south-east. city's outskirts, the escapers
hospitality of a German prison In a week or so the pair reached planned their next move, which
camp. Krakow, Poland. Here their meagre was to head for Italy.
escape-rations ran out and they Choosing to travel by rail, they
419's FIRST ESCAPEE
had to approach a house to ask for proceeded to a Vienna marshalling-
In April, an unusually busy food. But the occupants were pro- yard and selected as their com-
month which saw 419 assist in 28 German, and the fugitives were partment a freight car loaded with
operations, the squadron's efforts soon in the hands of the local lumber destined for Trieste. The
were apportioned among Ruhr- police. The following day they lumber had to be shifted to allow
Rhine centres, ports in France and were back in a P.O.W. camp, this room for their hideout, and even
Germany, and mining. A foray on one on the outskirts of Krakow. then they could barely squeeze
one of these ports Hamburg (8/9 During his three-day stay there themselves in. After being shunted
April) was the prelude to one of Brooks tried several times to escape about for a while, their car came to
the war's more remarkable escapes, via a lavatory window, but without rest in an illuminated part of the
a feat which, by virtue of its success. yard. Inspection! An official, ap-
perpetrator's persistence and tenac- BROOKS' TOUR parently made suspicious by the
ity of purpose, deserves to be told relative disorder of their repiling,
at length. On being returned to Lamsdorf, began to shift the lumber back to
The featured performer was navi- he and his companion were given its original position. His inevitable
gator Sgt. Hubert Brooks, first 14 days' "solitary" on bread and discovery brought railway police on
member of 419 Squadron to escape water. Released from the hole", the run, and in no time the two
from captivity. Forced to bail out he joined another working party, were behind the now-familiar bars,
by enemy action, he made contact and in a few weeks was sent to this time in a Vienna gaol.
with the Fatherland between Leer Swittau, in Sudetenland. The group The escape-minded airman was
and Oldenburg, hard enough to was billeted on the second floor of now sent to a prison camp at
damage a knee. Thus handicapped, a house, armed guards occupying Mannerstadt, about 80 kilometers
he was unable to walk very far and the ground floor. On 10 September, to the south. There he was confined
aided by such proven devices as an "in a sort of dug-out with a barred
soon had to give himself up. Driven
at once to police headquarters in "acquired" hacksaw, a noise diver- door" for eight days. Never the
sion by fellow prisoners, and a rope one to give up, he tried to loosen
Oldenburg, he was reunited with
the other survivors of his crew, and the bars, but was caught in the act
the next day all five entrained for Flt. Lt. H. Brooks, M.C. by a guard. His action was resented
Dulag Luft. by the N.C.O. in charge, who
Once in prison, the airmen were proceeded to muss him up rather
separated from their clothing, which badly. Further punishment was
underwent the fine-tooth-comb waiting for him at Lamsdorf, where
treatment. It was returned minus he was next committed-another
the compass-concealing trouser but- 14 days of solitary confinement.
tons and collar studs, but Brooks Treachery on the part of fellow
had managed to hide a compass in P.O.W.'s nipped in the bud the
his mouth. After three days of next escape plan. Sent to work in a
interrogation, including the routine sawmill at Tost in November 1942,
with the phony Red Cross form, Brooks had no sooner arrived there
he and three companions were sent than he was warned by a feldwebel
to another camp at Lamsdorf. that his intentions were known and
that if he tried to escape he would
Brooks soon tired of the monot-
ony of a P.O.W.'s existence. Late be shot. He nevertheless persevered.
A new job as a truck driver,
in May he switched identities with begun in January 1943, enabled
an Anzac private in order to J0111 a
him to leave the mill each day on
working party and thereby better
delivery runs to various points in
his chances of escape. When the
the district. He thereby gamed
party was shifted to a camp at considerable knowledge of the
Bobrek. near the Polish frontier, he region, and, more important, made
went along. There, under cover of valuable contacts with the Poles.
a thunderstorm on 8 June, he made
23
NOVEMBER 1958
 This exceptional performance
(Time and again he would induce earned for the Squadron Com-
engine-stalling by putting dirt in mander the award of the Distin-
the carburetor, and with each guished Service Order. Also deco-
breakdown he told his ever-present rated was his observer, Sgt. E.S.
guard-escort that he would ask (Red") Alexander, who, though
Polish civilians to help him restart.) wounded in the arm, had hacked
Through these contacts he obtained at the rear turret with an axe to
two maps of Europe and four de- free the disabled rear gunner, and
tailed charts of the Tost district, then virtually without instrument
all of which, added to a supply of aids, had guided his captain back
hoarded Red Cross biscuits and to base. He received the Distin-
chocolate, a hacksaw, and some guished Flying Medal.
spare clothes, made his escape kit The pattern of operations delin-
more or less complete. eated over the first four months of
On 10 May the hacksaw was put the squadron's active career con-
to use on the bars of the barrack- tinued for the next six months or so.
room window, and Brooks made his Exclusive of an occasional intrusion
third and last getaway, this time in for gardening purposes, 419's efforts
the company of Sgt. Duncan, of the were almost evenly divided between
51st Highland Division. Five days ports and centres in the Ruhr and
later, contact was made with the
Rhine regions. One operation
Polish underground at an address
supplied by a Polish airman at against a city in the latter area
Lamsdorf. From then on, Brooks Sgt. E.S. Alexander, D.F.M.
proved to be an epic in the
worked with the Polish under- history of strategic bombing.
ground until the Russians moved April)-was the occasion for a TARGET: COLOGNE
in. By mid-March 1945 he was 'wizard show' on the part of its
back in England. For his courage, O.C. En route home The Moose Uppermost for some time in the
perseverance, and ingenuity he ran afoul of an Me. 110, and his mind of Bomber Command's Chief
received the Military Cross and Wellington was thoroughly shot had been the idea of a "maximum
two mentions in despatches. up. The rear turret was completely effort" blow at a leading German
smashed (its occupant, Flt. Lt. city. For its euphonious ring and
O'Callaghan, was wounded), many its potential as a morale booster
MEANTIME, BACK IN THE AIR ...
instruments were rendered useless, the phrase "thousand-bomber raid"
Among the unit's 29 operations, the hydraulics were pierced suffi- had taken his fancy. Accordingly,
up to and including that on Ham- ciently to cause the undercarriage on the night of 30/31 May 1942,
burg mentioned above, were two to flop down and the bomb-bay Operation "Millenium" became a
(the Renault Works and Lubeck) doors to gape open, a blade of the reality. In the 98-minute-long pro-
which, by their results, could be port airscrew was splintered, and cession of bombers that formed
considered exceptional. Later in the kite generally was holed a la over England that night were
April a third such operation, or Swiss cheese. This happened a fifteen Wellingtons of 419 Squad-
more correctly, series of opera- mere 1500 feet above the North ron. So impressed by the sight was
tions, was logged. It took the form Sea, and after Fulton was obliged skipper Flt. Lt. J.D. Pattison that
of a four-raids-in-four-nights cam- to feather the port engine because he was prompted to put a few
paign against the lightly* defended of severe vibration and the danger thoughts on paper:
Baltic port of Restock, beginning of fire, some 1480 of those were " ... We learned that our target was
on the night of 23/24 April. lost. Fire hazard or not, a restart the much dreaded Cologne; but when the
The town was so severely dam- was now mandatory. This done intelligence officer announced that about
aged that it was able to be written 1150 aircraft would be taking part we all
height was regained, and the shat- got a terrific boost, and any doubts we
off as a worthwhile target. Of tered, shaking Wellington was might have had disappeared ... When we
particular significance to the squad- laboured back to Mildenhall, where got out to our kite and were standing
ron was the fact that the Heinke! its skipper engineered a safe land- around smoking, a couple of bombers
factory, which, by accident or passed overhead going east, then a couple
ing. As the limp Wimp decorated more. These were some of the slower
design, was picked out for special the field for several days, it aircraft starting out before us ... After
treatment by 419's crews, appeared attracted much attention and in- we took off we could see aircraft every-
prominently in the enemy's dam- duced two . main questions. First, where. The air was full of Stirlings,
age report. how was this wreck landed without Halifaxes, Manchesters, Lancasters,
The squadron's first attack on Wellingtons, Whitley s, Hampdens_._··
causing injury to its crew? There was hardly a single type of British
yet another port Kiel (28/29 Secondly, how had it been flown bomber then in use that we didn't see that
back to base in the first place ? night. The visibility was remarkable 1n
In a purely relative sense. Only The Moose knew the answers, the moonlight a little too easy for the
night-fighters, I thought...
24
THE ROUNDEL
 The catastrophic scale of the the necessary fuel and bombs in its
damage produced in this single 54-sortie contribution.
stroke is common knowledge. The During this month of intensified
12,000 fires that were started, operations 419 also joined raids of
together with the blast effect, orthodox proportions on Essen
created nearly as much ruin as had (four more times), Emden (thrice),
been wrought previously in the Bremen (four times within one
whole of Germany. week) and Dieppe (twice), besides
Two more ''Milleniums' were working in the vegetable gardens of
the Frisians and the Loire Estuary.
delivered in June, 1942, against
Its sortie output over the period
Essen and Bremen, and the Milden-
hall unit was strongly represented
(172) was not to be exceeded until
another, and more momentous,
in both. Whereas in the three raids June two years later.
Bomber Command lost 120 air-
craft, 419 Squadron expended only (To be continued)
Flt. Sgt. R.L. Reynolds, of No. 5
Communications Unit, designed an im-
proved mounting for the low frequency
loop antenna.

Air Marshal Hugh Campbell, Chief of the Air Staff, has written
letters to these airmen, thanking them for original suggestions which have
been officially adopted by the R.C.A.F. Each has received a cash award.

FIt. Set. D.V. Crandall (left), of No. 11 Technical Services Unit, and Flt. Sgt.
W. 1(0,,,;:k, of R.C.A.F. Station St. Hubert, jointly developed a stand to prevent
mishandling of 435-17-3001 antenna MG-2.

Sgt. DT. Hansen, of R.C.A.F. Station

Greenwood, invented a davit and hoist
device designed to simplify maintenance
handling of the receiver-transmitter unit
in CF-100 aircraft.

Flt. Sgt. R.M. Doucette, of R.C.A.F.

Station Greenwood, devised a modification
to the aft pivot point of the main landing
L.A.C. B.P. Byerley, of R.C.A.F. L.A.C. J.A. Boutin, of No. 1 Fighter gear on Neptune aircraft.
Station Greenwood, suggested revision of Wing, suggested reinforcing the band at
form PT2. Confidential Ground Training the back of the SA uniform tunic.
Assessment.

al»
AI
NOVEMBER 1955
25
 10. "You have nothing to lose
but your chains" is
(a) from an exhortation by John
Howard, the noted prison
reformer, to a group of convicts
(b) from a famous document
written by F. Engels and
K. Marx
(''It's a wise child that knows its own father.'' And it is a (c) from a sermon by John Ball
very wise orator that knows the origin of all the proverbs and urging the peasants of England
quotations which flow so glibly from his tongue. Our readers, to revolt in 1381
we are sure, do not come in that category but just so that they (d) from the ukase of Alexander
II liberating the serfs in
may be certain, we give the correct answers on page 31.--Editor.) Russia

11. The line "The paths of glory

1. "England expects every man (a) money
(b) liquor lead but to the grave" was
to do his duty" was (c) lust written by
(a) William the Conqueror's in- (d) love of money (a) General Wolfe on the eve of
struction to the compilers of the Battle of the Plains of
Domesday Book 6. 'The play's the thing..... Abraham
(b) Charles I's comforting remark (b) Admiral Nelson in his last
to the headsman at his execu- was
(a) the rallying cry for good letter to Lady Hamilton
tion in 1649 (c) Thomas Gray in a country
(c) Lord Nelson's signal to his sportsmanship on the fields
of Eton churchyard
ships at Trafalgar in October (d) John Milton in "Paradise
1805 (b) the motto of John Barrymore
(d) Churchill's exhortation to the (c) the exclamation of John Wilkes Lost"
nation when invasion threat- Booth as he shot Abraham
ened in 1940 Lincoln 12. All the world's a stage' is
(a) a ruse used by Hamlet in (a) the slogan used by the Wells-
2. ''There is many a slip...." is Shakespeare's play Fargo Company in the early
days of the American West
(a) the opening line of a famous 7. Veni, vidi, vici (I came, I (b) the motto of ·Old Vic", the
poem about shipbuilding along saw, I conquered) was famous English theatre
the Clyde (c) the title of Laurence Olivier's
(b) the advertising slogan of an (a) the Queen of Sheba's report autobiography
American lingerie manufac- after visiting King Solomon (d) the beginning of a well-known
turer (b) Caesar's terse despatch after meditation in William Shake-
(c) the title of a book by Luther winning a "blitz" campaign
Burbank on the grafting of speare's "As You Like It"
in Asia Minor
plants (c) Mark Antony's message to
(d) the beginning of an old English the Roman Senate from Cleo- 13. "You can fool some of the
proverb which means the same patra's court people........ has been attrib-
as another adage about num- (d) Hannibal's triumphant shout uted to
bering the products of certain after crossing the Alps
types of ova (a) Abraham Lincoln
(b) Senator Claghorn
8. "Let them eat cake" is (c) Houdini
3. The cynical belief that "God (d) Charles McCarthy
is always on the side of the (a) the recommendation of a noted
American dietitian
heaviest battalions" was (b) the advertising catchword of 14. "Theirs not to reason why"
written by a large flour company was written by
(a) Voltaire (c) commonly believed (though
incorrectly) to have been the (a) Karl Marx about the pro-
(b) Bonaparte letariat in the Communist
(c) Stalin comment of Marie Antoinette
when told her people had no Manifesto
(d) Hitler bread (b) John Calvin in expounding
(d) reputed to have been the his doctrine of predestination
4. Abandon all hope, ye who reply of Alfred the Great (c) King Charles I in his order to
enter here" is reputed when he saw that he had dissolve Parliament in 1629
burned the scones (d) Alfred, Lord Tennyson about
(a) to have been carved on the the immortal Light Brigade
gates of the Bastille before
its destruction on 1789 9. "He who laughs last laughs
(b) to be the inscription on the best" is 15. "To paint the lily.. . .. " is
gates of Hell (a) a famous text from the Bible,
( c) to have been scratched by a (a) a familiar saying found in associated with Solomon
prisoner on the Water Gate all languages (b) the slogan of a large, successful
of the Tower of London (b) the Englishman's apologia for advertising agency
(d) to have been the greeting on his supposedly poor sense of (c) the motto of Benvenuto Cellini,
the landing stage at Devil's humour noted 16th century goldsmith
Island (c) the reason for the popularity and artist
of most TV comedians (d) an often misquoted line from
5. "The root of all evil", accord- (d) a factor in preserving the Shakespeare ("King John")
embonpoint of overweight
ing to St. Paul, is people (Continued on page 31)
26 THE ROUNDEL
 II
M.4.C.
VISITS
SACLANT
A DELEGATION from Maritime Air
Command, led by Air Commodore
.A.J
W. I. Clements, O.B.E., recently
flew to Norfolk, Va., aboard an
Argus to brief headquarters officers
of NATO's Supreme Allied Com-
mander Atlantic on the R.C.A.F.'s
,
Admiral J. Wright, U.S.N., Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic for NATO
greets Air Commodore W. I. Clements on arrival at Norfolk, Va.'
J
newest submarine hunter-killer.
Ground inspections, practical
demonstrations of its performance SACLANT staff officers are briefed on the Argus.
and illustrated lectures on the
capabilities of the Argus were
included in the two-day pro-
gramme.
Through NATO agreements, the
R.C.A.F. and R.C.N. have opera-
tional commitments to SACLANT
in time of war. The Canadian
services participate regularly in
exercises under SACLANT com-
mand.

Wing. Cdr. C. Torontow, A.F.C., 405

Sqn. commander and captain of the
Argus visiting Norfolk, chats with
Rear Admirals J. Thack and L. B. }
Southerland, U.S.N. I °4

Flt. Sgt. A. A. Guinn (right) and Cpl. W. Jerrott point out salient features to a
pair of American friends.
 ooociatio
(This section of THE ROUNDEL is prepared by R.C.A.F.
Association Headquarters, 424 Metcalfe St., Ottawa, Ont.)

REMEMBERING THE FEW

THE "famous few" who 18 years towns where there are no R.C.A.F.
ago broke the back of the German units the Association members held
Luftwaffe over Britain's war-torn their own parades to the local
skies were remembered across cenotaphs for wreath-laying cere-
Canada on Sunday, 21 September. monies.
The R.C.A.F. marked Battle of It is the hope of our Association
Governor General Vincent Massey that through active participation in
took part in Battle of Britain services Britain Sunday with church parades
with 302 ( Quebec City) Wing members. and special services. In larger these services by Wings, Battle of
centres the R.C.A.F. Association Britain Sunday may become the
joined with the regular force in official Air Force day of remem-
these observances, and in cities and brance in Canada.

WING NEWS
le: >

ts
302 (City of Quebec) Wing
Members of this revitalized Wing
rE # I are planning to move to permanent

c9
.
headquarters in the near future.
For a number of years they have
been steadily increasing their Build-
© ing Fund, to the point where they
are now in a position to purchase a
really worthwhile building.
President is Pat Haberlin and
chairman this term is R. Im'beau.

Three New Wings Since June

We welcome the three latest
Wings formed within the Associa-
tion since the 1958 National Con-
vention:
442 (David Hornell, V.C.) Wing
With headquarters at Weston
R.C.A.F.A. Wings joined with regular force contingents in Battle of Britain this Wing was formed for the
Sunday parades in Windsor (above) and Toronto (below).
convenience of ex-airforce personnel
in the northwest Toronto area.
President is Arthur (Pappy) Deeks.
The name honours the memory of
one of two R.C.A.F. members to
win the Victoria Cross during the
Second World War, David Hornell,
whose home town was Mimico
Ont. '
443 (Rideau) Wing-This Wing
mcludes the Rideau district Smiths
Falls, Perth and Carlton' Place,
Ont., Edward Kearns of Smiths
Falls is its first president.

28 THE ROUNDEL
 315 (Roberval) WingLocated
in the St. John, Quebec, area this
wing was organized in September.
Its president is S. G. Denning.
Toronto Inter-Wing C.N.E. Booth

For the first time in the history

of the Association, an information
booth was set up by Toronto Wings
at the Canadian National Exhibi-
tion this year. So successful was it
that the Wings (408, 430, 437 and
442) plan to repeat the venture in
1959.
Officially opened by the Grand
President of the Association, Air
Vice-Marshal G. E. Brookes, the
information centre was instru-
mental in enrolling 175 new mem-
bers (including nine wives under
the dual-membership arrangement)
and produced in addition nearly
300 leads from visitors interested in
joining. The booth was manned
daily by one supervisor and three
information officers, which meant
a total of 90 volunteers during the
exhibition period.
Chairman of the Inter-Wing
Committee responsible for the plan- Air Marshal Hugh Campbell visits Toronto Wings' information booth at the
ning and operation of the centre C.N.E. L. tor.: Hugh Barkworth, A/M Campbell, Mrs. J.Walker, Art Leonard
was Leon Scedlin; chairman of the James Walker.
staffing committee, Art Leonard;
display, Max Hickson; publicity,
George Penfold; prizes, Bob Argue.

Veterans' Insurance Again Available

Canada who have not been released
ALL veterans and widows who from service and who served during the for loans but do have cash sur-
have ever been eligible for Veterans' Second World War; render values.
Insurance, including those whose 5. Merchant seamen who received or were The purchase of Veterans' Insur-
eligibility ceased on 31 December eligible to receive the special war ance policies is one of the purposes
1954 or ten years after discharge, services bonuses and former super- for which re-establishment credit
visors of the overseas Auxiliary Ser-
and who do not already have the vices, Fire-Fighters, Special Operators,
may be used.
maximum coverage of $10,000 al- Women's Royal Naval Service and the The Veterans' Insurance Act has
lowed, now have until 30 Septem- South African Military Nursing Ser- been further amended by the
ber 1962 to purchase this insurance. vice; repeal of the section limiting the
Those who are now eligible for 6. Any person who is in receipt of a benefits payable when, on the
disability pension under the Pension death of the insured person, a
Veterans' Insurance include: Act which is related to service in either
the Second World War or the Korean pension is awarded by the Canadian
1. Veterans of the Canadian forces of the
Second World War or the Korean operation. Pension Commission. This means
operation, and veterans of Common- that no policy will now be reduced
wealth forces who were domiciled in Veterans' Insurance is non-par- because of an award of pension
Canada at the time they joined such ticipating (no dividends are paid) under the Pension Act.
forces for service in the Second World
War; and the rates are comparable to the More information and applica-
2. Widows and widowers of such veterans, rates charged by private companies tion forms may be obtained from
providing the veterans themselves did for similar protection. The medical the Superintendent of Veterans'
not have this insurance; requirements, however, are very Insurance, Department of Veterans
3. Widows and widowers of members of Affairs, Ottawa, or from any D.V.A.
such forces who died on service;
low. It is payable at death only
4. Members of the regular forces of and the policies have no provision district office.

NOVEMBER 1958 29
 Led by Flt. Lt. M. G. Anthony, regular support officer, Windsor R.T.T.P. trainees parade past the new headquarters
of 2451 A.C. and W. Sqn.

Full Marks for Windsor R.T.T.P. Students

PICTURE STORY BY F/O C. C. SOUTHWARD, 2451 SQN. P.R.O.

THEIR faces tanned, bodies Windsor Mayor Michael J. Auxiliary officers of 2451 Air-
strengthened and minds alerted, Patrick received the salute of the craft Control and Warning Squad-
90 Windsor and district high school diploma-swinging students. In his ron and the regular support officers
students completed a ten weeks remarks from the reviewing stand instructed the students in the
summer training program under Mayor Patrick warmly compli- complex knowledge of Canada's
the R.C.A.F.-sponsored Reserve mented the young airmen on their aircraft controlling and warning
Tradesmen Training Plan. achievements. system, as well as the integration of

Flying Officer J. Hogan, Windsor high school teacher and

2451 auxiliary officer, and three R. T. T.P. students work on On-the-job training for clerks typist, under the guidance
the electronic trainer which manufactures "canned of Cpl. R. J. Ryan.
tracks" on radar scopes.

- '
'/ r
~ I., ~
-~ fJ
·:·::::::: ~·~
.

...•,.
%,
pi
"IB»
$

.3
A

r '< \

---:L . ._ ,J
30
=A
i ,_
-----~ i '"'
 the R.C.A.F. in the North Ameri-
can Air Defence organization. The
students also studied meteorology,
navigation, radar theory, adminis-
tration, drill, history and organiza-
tion of the R.C.A.F. while living
under R.C.A.F. discipline.
•
Ten of the students were trained
as clerks typist and handled the
administration. The remainder
were brought from standard to
group one as fighter control opera-
tors and will spend the next two
summers with the R.C.A.F. at a
Pinetree Line site.
Squadron Leader J. S. Mencel,
commanding officer of 2451 Sqn.,
announced that this year they had
trained the largest class of R.TT.P.
personnel among the A.C. and W.
squadrons within Air Defence Com-
mand- with the almost im- el
possible but gratifying results of a Duty in the operations room of 2451 Sqn. was part of the R.T.T.P. programme
at Windsor.
100% pass list. Last year the
squadron trained a class of 65
students, with 82% passing their receive $165 per month, with
courses. ago and each member of this
uniforms provided by the R.C.A.F. reserve unit has worked diligently
The purpose of the RTT.P. is 51 members of this group have to attain a high degree of pro-
two-fold: to interest the students in joined 2451 Sqn. and will parade ficiency. Crews travel to U.S.A.F.
an Air Force career and to assist two nights each week with the unit bases in Michigan every weekend
them with their education. While while completing their training. to maintain their "live" intercepts
training, the airmen and airwomen 2451 Sqn. was formed four years with U.S. aircraft.

"0Mat'a tle Scone (continued from page 26)

16. "Taxation without represen- 18. "Go west, young man!" was 20. "'Tis better to have loved
tation is tyranny" was (a) the order given by Queen and lost, than never to have
(a) the rallying-cry of William Isabella to Columbus in 1492 loved at all" is
Lyon Mackenzie in the Rebel- (b) the title of a book by Charles (a) from "In Memoriam" by
lion of 1837 Kingsley Alfred, Lord Tennyson
(b) thebattle-cryofJohnHampden (b) the lament of Romeo over
as he led his "Ironsides" from (c) the recommendation given to
Simon Fraser by the managers Juliet's death, in Shakespeare's
the field of Naseby, 1645 play
(c) the "watchword" of the of the North West Company
that inspired his journey to (c) the title of Tommy Manville's
American Revolution, 1776 autobiography
(d) the protest of the Third the Pacific
(d) the consolation expressed by
Estate that sparked the French (a) the advice, inspired by an Heloise to Abelard
Revolution in 1789 editorial in another paper,
which Horace Greeley, famous

•
17. '.'All that glitters is not gold" American editor, gave to as-
lS piring young men
(a) reported to have been the
reply of John Sutter when 19. "The race is not to the swift"
informed that gold had been is found 11 Answers to ''What's the Score?'
found at his mill race in
California in 1848 (a) the writings of "The Preacher"
in the Bible
1:(c) 2:(d) 3:(a) 4:(b)
(b6) an ancient folk-saying found
in the writings of Chaucer and (b) Aesop's fable about the tor- 5:(d) 6:(d) 7.:(b) 8:(c)
many other authors toise and the hare 9:(a) 10:(b) 11:(c) 12:(d)
(c) said to have been the Queen Audubon's treatise on the
(c) 13 :( a) 14:(d ) 15:(d) 16:(c)
of Sheba's reply to Solomon's flight of birds
questions about her gold mines 17.:(b) 18:(d) 19:(a) 20:(a)
(d) the reason why diamonds are (d) the rules governing sports-
a girl's best friend manship in the Olympic Games

NOVEMBER 1958 31
 22ettee to tle &dtor Views expressed in "The Roundel" are
those of the writers expressing them.
They do not necessarily reflect the
official opinions of the Royal Canadian
Air force.
CORRECTING CAPTIONS CLAIMS TIGERS FORGOTTEN
Dear Sir: Dear Sir:
Reference '412 Squadron: Part One" I have been a member of the R.C.A.F.
(Vol. 10, No. 6) and the photo in the Association since my discharge in May
lower left corner of page 7 captioned "a 1945. Why has No. 424 (Tiger} Squadron
group of 412's motor transport airmen": not been recognized in THE ROUNDEL?
I was one of the original members of We spent six months in North Africa
No. 401 (F) Sqn.'s equipment section in 1943, and it certainly was no picnic for
stationed at Wellingore, Lincs., about the which we received no decoration. 'The
same time, and recall that each airman in African Star" was the appropriate medal.
the picture was a member of 401 M.T. I know we will never get the medal, but it
section. Is it possible that a whole section would be nice to read about our squadron
would be posted at one time? and some of the boys in the magazine.
I am now in No. 306 Wing, R.C.A.F. William Hare,
Association, and look forward to receiving 94 Franklin Ave.,
each issue of THE ROUNDEL which I Willowdale, North York, Ont.
enjoy very much. (The Tigers have by no means been
Howard (Kapinski) Karp, forgotten. Their colourful wartime
5265 Bessborough Ave., exploits will appear in due course.
Montreal, P.Q. Meantime, the Air Historian has just
(Possible, but hardly probable. War- completed another bomber squadron s
time security restrictions precluded story (419), first installment of which
naming units on captions for such is in this issue.--Editor.)
photos and, as this was included with
the412 file, we wrongly assumed these
airmen were grounded falcons.
SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY
Editor.) Dear Sir:
Every once in awhile THE ROUNDEL
comes up with something extraordinary.
ARTIST WRITES I think such an article is "How To Fly
Without Looking Where You Are Going",
Dear Sir: by Flying Officer Turner (Vol. 10, No. 7).
I am pleased to learn that some of my As I was aircrew once, I found in it a close Mr. Frank Hatashita (3rd degree
war art is of occasional use (Vol. 10, resemblance to my own feelings when I black belt) is expertly floored with
No.'s 6 and 7). Please let me know if I went instrument flying. I'm not flying a hip throw by airwoman Marjorie
can assist further. The Air Force and its now, but think I have the next best Sanders. The epic struggle took
activities are still of considerable interest thing: working in Flying Control. place during a recent Judo exhibition
to me. L.A.C. J.P. Morrow, by the Belleville Judo Club at R.C.A.F.
Robert S. Hyndman, R.C.A.F. Station Comox. Station Trenton.
81 Mackay St.,
Ottawa, Ont.
(Another caption correction is in order
here. Painter Hyndman graciously HARRY R. LOW MEMORIAL
did not take us to task for the typo-
graphical error which dated the scene The Theatre Foundation of Ottawa has opened a memorial
of the Spitfire-Messerschmitt dog- fund for the late Harry R. Low, its first president. The fund will
fight some months after V/E Day!-
Editor.) be used to donate a seat or seats in the theatre proposed for
Canada's capital by the foundation. The seats will bear plates
in memory of Mr. Low, who died in an Ottawa hospital in
'TIS TRUE! July 1957.
After coming to Canada from Scotland, Mr. Low was
Dear Sir:
Without wishing to detract in any way professor of education at the University of Manitoba and later
from the colourful narrative in the latest superintendent of education for Manitoba. He enlisted in the
"Pin-Points in the Past" (Vol. 10, No. 70, R.C.A.F. early in the Second World War and, as a group captain,
may I point out that the crew members was director of education. After the war he became education
of the flying boat, having just landed to
investigate their engine trouble, are adviser to the Northwest Territories' Council; then director of
probably expressing in appropriate terms the Bureau of Current Affairs in the Department of National
their amazement upon noting for the first Defence. In addition, he organized educational facilities for
time that one of the propeller blades is Canadian service personnel and their dependents in Europe.
reversed.
For confirmation, readers may refer to Contributions may be sent to the Foundation, marked for
the original painting which hangs in the this purpose, at P.O. Box 253, Station D, Ottawa, Ont. Further
east hallway of the Trenton Officers' Mess. information about the Foundation's aims and objects may be
Wing Cdr. A.B.C. Weatherwax, obtained from this same address.
R.C.A.F. Station Trenton.

32 THE ROUNDEL