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    1.introduction of CVS

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    Bishal Belbase
    The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system including: 1) The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries and transports essential substances and removes waste through two circuits: the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 2) The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to ensure one-way blood flow. 3) Blood vessels include arteries which carry blood away from the heart at higher pressure and thinner walls, and veins which carry blood toward the heart at lower pressure and thicker walls.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.introduction of CVS

    Uploaded by

    Bishal Belbase
    22 views20 pages
    The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system including: 1) The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries and transports essential substances and removes waste through two circuits: the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 2) The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to ensure one-way blood flow. 3) Blood vessels include arteries which carry blood away from the heart at higher pressure and thinner walls, and veins which carry blood toward the heart at lower pressure and thicker walls.

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    this is my personal book

    Original Title

    1.Introduction of CVS

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    The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system including: 1) The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries and transports essential substances and removes waste through two circuits: the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 2) The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to ensure one-way blood flow. 3) Blood vessels include arteries which carry blood away from the heart at higher pressure and thinner walls, and veins which carry blood toward the heart at lower pressure and thicker walls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    22 views20 pages

    1.introduction of CVS

    Uploaded by

    Bishal Belbase
    The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system including: 1) The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries and transports essential substances and removes waste through two circuits: the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 2) The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to ensure one-way blood flow. 3) Blood vessels include arteries which carry blood away from the heart at higher pressure and thinner walls, and veins which carry blood toward the heart at lower pressure and thicker walls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Introduction to

    Cardiovascular System (CVS),


    functional aspects of heart

    Dr. Karishma R. Pandey


    Associate Professor
    Dept. of Basic & Clinical Physiology
    BPKIHS
    Objectives …….
    • Importance of this system
    • Cardiovascular system is made up of
    • Brief detail on
    1) Anatomic features of Heart
    2) 2 circuits
    3) Blood vessels
    4) Control system of CVS
    The circulatory system
    • Transports and distributes essential substances to
    tissues and removes by-products of metabolism.
    • Participates in homeostatic mechanisms such as
    i. Regulation of body temperature
    ii. Adjustment of oxygen and nutrient supply under
    various physiological states.
    The cardiovascular system is composed of
    1. A pump (the heart),
    2. A series of distributing and collecting tubes (the
    blood vessels), and
    3. An extensive system of thin vessels (the
    capillaries) that permit rapid exchange between
    the tissues and the vascular channels.
    Heart
    •Inside thoracic cavity
    •In center of chest deep
    to sternum, apex tipped
    toward the left; base
    superior
    •Inside mediastinum
    •In pericardial space
    Heart chambers

    Atrioventricular valves
    occur between the
    atria and ventricles
    Septum is a wall–
    tricuspid
    thedividing valve and
    the right on
    theleft right
    sides and the
    bicuspid valve on the
    left
    Heart has 4 chambers:
    2 upper, thin-walled atria,
    2 lower, thick-walled ventricles
    The flow of blood through the
    Bothisvalves
    heart one-wayare reinforced
    (unidirectional).
    by chordae tendinae
    attached to muscular
    Unidirectional
    projections flow throughthe
    within the
    ventricles
    heart is achieved by the
    appropriate arrangement of flap
    valves.
    The cardiovascular system includes two circuits:

    1) Pulmonary circuit which circulates blood through the


    lungs for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide , and

    2) Systemic circuit which circulates blood to the rest of


    the body.
    Artery- Vein differences
    Arteries Veins
    Direction Blood Away from Blood to Heart
    of flow Heart
    Pressure Higher Lower

    Walls THICKER: Tunica THINNER: Tunica


    media thicker than externa thicker
    tunica externa than tunica media
    Lumen Smaller Larger

    Valves No valves Valves


    Intrinsic control of heartbeat

    • The SA (sinoatrial) node, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat


    and causes the atria to contract on average every 0.85 s.

    • The AV (atrioventricular) node conveys the stimulus and


    initiates contraction of the ventricles.

    • The signal for the ventricles to contract travels from the AV


    node through the atrioventricular bundle to the smaller
    Purkinje fibers.
    Conduction system of the heart
    Extrinsic control of heartbeat

    • A cardiac control center in the medulla oblongata speeds up or


    slows down the heart rate by way of the autonomic nervous
    system branches: parasympathetic system (slows heart rate) and
    the sympathetic system (increases heart rate).

    • Hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal


    medulla also stimulate faster heart rate.
    What we learned …….
    • Importance of this system
    • Cardiovascular system is made up of
    • Brief detail on
    1) Anatomy of the Heart
    2) 2 circuits
    3) Blood vessels
    4) Control system of CVS

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