CLASS IX SCIENCE

ASSERTION REASONING AND CASE BASED QUESTIONS

FOR TERM 1
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
MATTER IN OUR SOURROUNDINGS
Q.1. Assertion (A): Sugar can be purified by the process of sublimation.
Reason (R) : Gases possess high compressibility.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Humidity is the amount of water vapours present in air.
Reason (R) : Evaporation becomes faster at lower temperature.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Cooling is caused by evaporation.
Reason (R) : Surface molecules in a liquid take up energy from the surrounding and escape
away.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Solid CO2 is also called dry ice.
Reason (R) : Molecules of a gas move randomly at high speeds.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : We use cotton clothes in summer.
Reason (R) : We observe water droplets on the outer surface of glass containing ice.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Attractive forces between the particles in solids are maximum.
Reason (R) : In solids, the particles are closest to each other.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : The state of matter can be changed by changing the temperature or pressure.
Reason (R) : Deposition is change of gaseous state to solid state through the liquid state.
Q.8. Assertion (A): Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1g
solid into liquid at its melting point.
Reason (R) : evaporation causes cooling.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
Reason (R) : Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : The arrangement of particles is most ordered in the case of solids.
Reason (R) : Kinetic energy of particles is minimum in the gases.

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

Q.1. Assertion (A) : Two elements are liquid at room temperature - mercury and bromine.
Reason (R): Metals conduct heat and electricity.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : A mixture is made up of two or more elements or two or more compounds.
Reason (R) : Ammonium chloride on heating changes directly to vapours.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Colloidal particles are big enough to scatter light.
Reason (R) : Composition of a compound is the same throughout.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless and non-combustible gas.
Reason (R): Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily by physical methods.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Constituents of a compound can be separated by chemical or electro-
chemical methods.
Reason (R) : Smoke is a colloidal solution of carbon particles in air.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Metals conduct heat and electricity.
Reason (R) : Metals make a ringing sound when hit.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Elements gallium and cesium are liquids at room temperature.
Reason (R) : In the Periodic Table of elements, there are eleven elements in the gaseous state.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Non-metal create sound on hitting.
Reason (R) : Metals can be normally divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Oil burns in air whereas water extinguishes fire.
Reason (R) : During burning of candle, only chemical change occurs.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : An element is defined as the basic form of matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by chemical reaction.
Reason (R) : Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
 FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE CELL
Q.1. Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide and oxygen move across the cell membrane by a process
called diffusion.
Reason (R) : This movement is due to cells' affinity towards gases.
Q.2. Assertion (A): Absorption of water by plant roots is an example of osmosis
Reason (R) : Cells tend to gain water through osmosis.
Q.3. Assertion (A): Nucleus plays an important role in cellular reproduction and cellular
functions. Reason (R) : Nucleus contains chromosomes which are made up of DNA which
contain information for constructing and organising cells.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Lysosomes are known as suicide bags of a cell.
Reason (R) : They are kind of waste disposal system of cell.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded to accommodate more
DNA
Reason (R): They have to synthesise ATP to help functions of other cell organelles and cell.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell
volume.
Reason (R) : Many substances of importance in life of the plant cell are stored in vacuoles.
Q.7. Assertion (A): Golgi apparatus is involved in formation of lysosomes.
Reason (R) : Lysosomes remain attached to the Golgi apparatus.
Q.8. Assertion (A): ER membrane is similar in structure to the cell wall.
Reason (R) : ER functions as a cytoplasmic framework providing a surface for some
biochemical activities.
Q.9. Assertion (A ): We can observe the structure of the plasma membrane only through the
electron microscope.
Reason (R) : The plasma membrane is flexible and is made up of organic molecules called lipids
and proteins.
Q.10. Assertion (A): 'Cell' is a misnomer.
Reason (R) : Robert Hooke saw honeycomb like structure.
 Tissues
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Nervous tissue is made of neurons that receive and conduct impulses.
Reason (R) : All cells possess the ability to respond to stimuli.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue undergoes certain changes
to provide strength.
Reason (R) : The cells from meristem form - the bark.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Unlike xylem, phloem can move materials in both the directions.
Reason (R) : Phloem transfers food.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Cartilage is a type of connective tissue which can bend easily.
Reason (R) : It has very tightly packed matrix and cells.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Not all types of muscles are under our will, hence we can move or stop them
according to our wish.
Reason (R) : Not all muscles are attached to our bones.
Q.6. Assertion (A): The process of taking up a permanent shape, size and a function by cells is
called differentiation.
Reason (R) : Cells of sclerenchyma tissue differentiate to form different types of permanent
tissue.
Q.7. Assertion (A): The growth of the plant occurs only in certain specific regions.
Reason (R) : The dividing tissue, also known as meristematic tissue is present at specific points.
Q.8. Assertion (A): Flexibility in plants is due to sclerenchyma.
Reason (R) : It provides mechanical support and doesn't allow bending.
Q.9. Assertion (A): Epithelial tissue covers most of the organs and cavities within the body.
Reason (R) : All epithelial tissue is usual separated from the underlying tissue by an extracellular
fibrous basement membrane.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Cardiac muscles are a type of connective tissue.
Reason (R) : The cells of connective tissue are loosely spaced and embedded in an intercellular
matrix.
 MOTION
Q.1. Assertion (A) : An object can have acceleration even if its velocity is zero at a given instant
of time.
Reason (R) : An object thrown vertically upwards is momentarily at rest at the highest point of
its path.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Speed of an object can be negative.
Reason (R) : Speed is defined as distance covered by an object in unit time.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : The average velocity and instantaneous velocity have same value in a
uniform motion.
Reason (R) : In uniform motion the velocity of moving object changes uniformly.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Position-time graph of an object at rest is a straight line parallel to the time
axis.
Reason (R) : For a stationary object position does not change with time.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : The equations of motion can be applied only if acceleration is constant.
Reason (R): For a uniform linear motion the acceleration of the object is a constant.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Displacement of an object may be zero when distance travelled by it is not
zero.
Reason (R) : The displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final positions of an
object.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : An object can have constant speed but variable velocity.
Reason (R) : In uniform circular motion speed remains unchanged.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Uniform circular motion is an accelerated motion.
Reason (R) : In uniform circular motion magnitude of velocity is constant but direction of
motion is continuously change so that velocity is changing with time.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Slope of velocity-time graph for linear motion gives the value of
acceleration.
Reason (R) : Area under velocity-time graph gives the distance covered by the moving object in
a given time.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Acceleration is defined as rate of change of velocity.
Reason (R): SI unit of acceleration is metre/second (m s-¹).
 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Inertia is the property by virtue of which an object is unable to change its
state of rest or of uniform linear motion by itself.
Reason (R) : Mass of an object is a measure of its inertia.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : If net external force acting on an object is zero, its acceleration is zero.
Reason (R) : Acceleration of an object does not depend on its mass.
Q.3. Assertion (A): Newton's second law of motion gives the measurement of force.
Reason (R) : According to Newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Momentum of a cricket ball is greater than that of a rubber ball moving with
same velocity.
Reason (R) : Momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and velocity.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : When a striker hits at the bottom of a pile of coins, the bottom coin comes
out without disturbing other coins.
Reason (R) : For every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : A fielder lowers his hands while catching a cricket ball and suffers less
reaction force.
Reason (R) : The time of catch increases when fielder lowers his hands while catching a ball.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : A passenger standing in a moving bus falls in the forward direction when
the driver suddenly applies brakes.
Reason (R) : Standing passenger is in a state of unstable equilibrium.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : A single force cannot exist in nature.
Reason (R) : As per Newton's third law of motion for every action there must be an equal and
opposite reaction.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : A ball moving on a floor gradually slows down and finally comes to rest.
Reason (R) : A force of friction due to floor is acting on the ball.
 GRAVITATION
Q.1. Assertion (A): Value of acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the mass of the
object on which force of gravity acts.
Reason (R) : Acceleration due to gravity is same as the universal constant of gravitation.
Q.2. Assertion (A): The value of acceleration due to gravity is maximum at the poles and
minimum at the equator.
Reason (R) : Radius of earth is least along poles and maximum along the equatorial plane.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : If masses of two objects are doubled and the distance between them is also
doubled then magnitude of gravitational force between them remains unchanged.
Reason (R) : Gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Whenever an object is immersed in a liquid, it experiences a buyout force
due to that liquid.
Reason (R) : The buoyant force acting on an object is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
by the immersed part of the object inside the liquid.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Although mass of an object has a constant value but its weight changes from
place to place.
Reason (R) : Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Paper pins are made to have sharp end.
Reason (R) : Concrete sleepers are laid below the railway tracks.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : A copper sphere of mass 10 kg is placed on the surface of earth. A
gravitational force exists between the earth and the copper sphere.
Reason (R) : Force on copper sphere due to earth is much greater than the gravitational force on
earth due to copper sphere.
 CASE BASED QUESTIONS
MATTER IN OUR SOURROUNDINGS
Q.1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
We have observed that gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids. The
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder that we get in our home for cooking or the oxygen
supplied to hospitals in cylinders is compressed gas. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is used as
fuel these days in vehicles. Due to its high compressibility, large volumes of a gas can be
compressed into a small cylinder and transported easily.
We come to know of what is being cooked in the kitchen without even entering there, by the
smell that reaches our nostrils. How does this smell reach us? The particles of the aroma of food
mix with the particles of air spread from the kitchen, reach us and even farther away. The smell
of hot cooked food reaches us in seconds; compare this with the rate of diffusion of solids and
liquids. Due to high speed of particles and large space between them, gases show the property of
diffusing very fast into other gases.
In the gaseous state, the particles move about randomly at high speed. Due to this random
movement, the particles hit each other and also the walls of the container. The pressure exerted
by the gas is because of this force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the
container.
(i) Which of the following substances possesses maximum compressibility?
(a) Cardboard
(b) Wool
(c) Water
(d) Air
(ii) Compressed natural gas is used as a fuel for
(a) cooking.
(b) cooking and vehicles.
(c) bore wells.
(d) construction.
(iii) Smell of a substance can be felt because of the property of between the particles. This
property is called
(a) compression.
(b) expansion.
(c) diffusion.
(d) evaporation.
(iv) Choose the wrong option: The smell of food reaches us in seconds because of
(a) high speed of particles.
(b) large distance between the particles.
(c) high speed and large distance both.
(d) solid state of particles.
(v) Pressure exerted by a gas is due to
(a) force exerted by the particles on the walls of the container.
(b) high speed of the particles.
(c) compressibility of the particles.
(d) large distance between the particles.

Q.2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
You must have observed, during the experiment of melting, that the temperature of the system
does not change after the melting point is reached, till all the ice melts. This happens even
though we continue to heat the beaker, that is, we continue to supply heat. This heat gets used up
in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. As this heat
energy is absorbed by ice without showing any rise in temperature, it is considered that it gets
hidden into the contents of the beaker and is known as the latent heat. The word latent means
hidden. The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at
atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion. So, particles in
water at 0 °C (273 K) have more energy as compared to particles in ice at the same temperature.
When we supply heat energy to water, particles start moving even faster. At a certain
temperature, a point is reached when the particles have enough energy to break free from the
forces of attraction of each other. At this temperature the liquid starts changing into gas. The
temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling
point. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon. Particles from the bulk of the liquid gain enough energy to
change into the vapour state.
(i) Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it starts boiling at
(a) vacuum.
b) 100 mm pressure.
(c) 760 mm pressure.
(d) atmospheric pressure.
(ii) The amount of heat that is required to convert 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric
pressure at its melting point is known as
(a) specific heat.
(b) molar heat.
(c) latent heat.
(d) all of these.
(iii) Choose the correct option:
(a) Particles in water at 0 °C have more energy as compared to particles in ice.
(b) Particles in water at 273 K have less energy as compared to particles in ice.
(c) Particles in water at 0 °C have same energy as particles in ice.
(d) Particles in ice have more energy as compared to water at 273 K.
(iv) In the experiment of melting, we observe that
(a) as soon as we start heating, all the ice melts immediately.
(b) the ice melts when the temperature reaches 100 °C.
(c) the temperature remains constant till all the ice melts.
(d) the temperature increases continuously when the ice is melting.
(v) Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?
(a) Glycerine
(b) Water
(c) Alcohol
(d) Ether
Q.3. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
In an open vessel, the liquid keeps on evaporating. The particles of liquid absorb energy from the
surrounding to regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption of energy from the
surroundings make the surroundings cold.
What happens when you pour some acetone (nail polish remover) on your palm? The particles
gain energy from your palm or surroundings and evaporate causing the palm to feel cool.
After a hot sunny day, people sprinkle water on the roof or open ground because the large latent
heat of vaporisation of water helps to cool the hot surface. Can you cite some more examples
from daily life where we can feel the effect of cooling due to evaporation? Why should we wear
cotton clothes in summer?
During summer, we perspire more because of the mechanism of our body which keeps us cool.
We know that during evaporation, the particles at the surface of the liquid gain energy from the
surroundings or body surface and change into vapour. The heat energy equal to the latent heat of
vaporisation is absorbed from the body leaving the body cool. Cotton, being a good absorber of
water helps in absorbing the sweat and exposing it to the atmosphere for easy evaporation.

(i) Evaporation is a
(a) bulk phenomenon.
(b) surface phenomenon.
(c) both bulk and surface phenomenon.
(d) neither bulk nor surface phenomenon.
(ii) Evaporation will be maximum when the atmosphere is
(a) dry and hot.
(b) dry and cold.
(c) wet and hot.
(d) wet and cold.
(iii) When you pour some acetone on your palm, it becomes
(a) cool
(b) hot
(c) nothing happen
(d) it becomes wet
(iv) Cooling is produced on evaporation of a liquid because
(a) the liquid becomes hot.
(b) the container becomes hot.
(c) the liquid absorbs energy from the surroundings.
(d) the liquid donates energy to the surroundings.
(v) Cooling is produced on evaporation. This finds application in the following instances
(a) we sprinkle water on the roof on a summer evening.
(b) we use cotton clothes in summer.
(c) we use earthen pots to obtain cool water in summer.
(d) All the above.
IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

Q.1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v)
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. You come across various types
of solutions in your daily life. Lemonade, soda water etc., are all examples of solutions. Usually
we think of a solution as a liquid that contains either a solid, liquid or a gas dissolved in it. But,
we can also have solid solutions (alloys) and gaseous solutions (air). In a solution there is
homogeneity at the particle level. For example, lemonade tastes the same throughout. This shows
that particles of sugar or salt are evenly distributed in the solution.
A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. The component of the solution that
dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger amount) is called the
solvent. The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent (usually present in lesser
quantity) is called the solute.

(i) 5 g of sodium chloride and 10 g of potassium chloride have been dissolved in water. Name
the solvent in the above solution. 2lea common to an
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium chloride
(c) Sodium chloride + Potassium chloride
(d) Water
(ii) Which of the following is not an example of a true solution?
(a) Ink
(b) Sugar solution
(c) Table salt solution
(d) Copper sulphate solution
(iii) Air is a mixture of the gases
(a) oxygen and nitrogen.
(b) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
(c) oxygen and carbon monoxide.
(d) oxygen and helium.
(iv) Brass contains the following metals mixed in the ratio respectively
(a) zinc 30% and copper 70%
(b) zinc 70% and copper 30%
(c) tin 30% and copper 70%
(d) tin 70% and copper 30%
(v) Which of the following processes cannot separate the solute particles from the solution?
(a) Evaporation
(b) Filtration
(c) Crystallisation
(d) Distillation
Q2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
Is the amount of salt and sugar or barium chloride, that can be dissolved in water at a given
temperature, the same?
At any particular temperature, a solution that has dissolved as much solute as it is capable of
dissolving, is said to be a saturated solution. In other words, when no more solute can be
dissolved in a solution at a given temperature, it is called a saturated solution. The amount of the
solute present in the saturated solution at this temperature is called its solubility.
If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called
unsaturated solution.
What would happen if you were to take a saturated solution at a certain temperature and cool it
slowly.
We can infer from the above activity that different substances in a given solvent have different
solubilities at the same temperature.
The concentration of a solution is the amount (mass or volume) of solute present in a given
amount (mass or volume) of solution.
(i) 10 g of a solid was dissolved in 100 g of water. What is the mass by mass percentage of the
solid?
(a) 10
(b) 9.09
(c) 8.9
(d) 7.9
(ii) Sugar was dissolved in water at 60 °C to the extent it could be dissolved. The solution
obtained above was kept at room temperature for two hours. What will be the observation?
(a) The temperature will rise.
(b) No change is observed.
(c) The colour of the solution will change.
(d) Some sugar will separate out.
(iii) Solubility is
(a) amount of solute present in an unsaturated solution at any temperature.
(b) amount of solute present in a saturated solution at any temperature.
(c) amount of solute present in a saturated solution at a particular temperature.
(d) amount of solvent present in a saturated solution at a particular temperature.
(iv) Saturated solutions of common salt, sugar and ferrous sulphate have been prepared
(a) concentration of the solute in the three solution is the same.
(b) concentration of the solute in the three solutions is different.
c) concentration of solute in common salt and sugar solutions is same.
(d) concentration of solute in sugar and ferrous sulphate solutions is same.
(v) The solubility of three substances A, B and C are in the order: B<A<C
A saturated solution of the mixture of A, B and C is cooled. The component/s that will appear
first on cooling are
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) A and B

Q.3. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
The interconversion of states is a physical change because these changes occur without a change
in composition and no change in the chemical nature of the substance. Although ice, water and
water vapour all look different and display different physical properties, they are chemically the
same. Both water and cooking oil are liquid but their chemical characteristics are different. They
differ in odour and inflammability. We know that oil burns in air whereas water extinguishes
fire. It is this chemical property of oil that makes it different from water. Burning is a chemical
change. During this process one substance reacts with another to undergo a change in chemical
composition. Chemical change brings change in the chemical properties of matter and we get
new substances. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
During burning of a candle, both physical and chemical changes take place. Can you distinguish
these?
(i) Burning of a candle is a
(a) physical change.
(b) chemical change.
(c) both a physical and a chemical change.
(d) neither a physical nor a chemical change.
(ii) Water can exist as a
(a) gas.
(b) liquid.
(c) solid.
(d) all the three states.
(iii) Oil on complete burning gives
(a) CO2 + H2O
(b) CO + H₂O
(c) N₂+ CO₂
(d) N₂+ H₂O
(iv) On mixing oil with water
(a) we obtain a homogeneous mixture.
(b) they form two layers, the upper layer is that of oil.
(c) they form two layers, the upper layer is that of water.
(d) they form a mixture that can explode.

(v) Which of the following is a physical change?

(a) Rusting of iron.
(b) Growth of a plant.
(c) Cooking of food.
(d) Mixing of iron filings and sand.
Cell
01. Read the following and answer any four questions from (1) to (v): Each kind of cell organelle
performs a special function, such as making new material in the cell, clearing up the waste
material from the cell and so on. A cell is able to live and perform all its functions because of
these organelles. These organelles together constitute the basic unit called the cell. It is
interesting that all cells are found to have the same organelles, no matter what their function is or
what organism they are found in.
(i) Which one of the following cell organelles is covered by a single membrane?
(a) Vacuole
(b) Plastid
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Mitochondria
(ii) Living cells were discovered by
(a) Purkinje
(b) Robert Hooke
(c) Leeuwenhoek
(d) Robert Brown
(iii) Identify a non-membranous organelle from the following:
(a) Lysosome
(b) Ribosome
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Golgi apparatus
(iv) Organelle other than nucleus, containing DNA is
(a) Chloroplast.
(b) Golgi apparatus.
(c) Lysosome.
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum.
(v) If nucleus : Amoeba : 'a' : crow. Identify 'a' from the following:
(a) Brain
(b) Heart
(c) Lungs
(d) Wings
Q.2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v): Water also obeys the law
of diffusion. The movement of water molecules through such a selectively permeable membrane
is called osmosis. The movement of water across the plasma membrane is also affected by the
amount of substance dissolved in water. Thus, osmosis is the passage of water from a region of
high water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to a region of low water
concentration.

(i) A cell will swell up if placed

(a) in isotonic solution.
(b) in hypotonic solution.
(c) in hypertonic solution.
(d) in concentrated sugar solution.
(ii) Which one of the following is a correct definition of osmosis?
(a) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration through a
semipermeable membrane.
(b) Movement of water molecules from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low
solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
(c) Movement of solvent molecule from higher solute concentration to lower solute
concentration through a permeable membrane.
(d) Movement of solvent molecules from low solute concentration to a region of high solute
concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
(iii) Which of the following is a correct definition of plasmolysis in a plant
(a) Lysis (break down) of cell membrane in hypotonic medium.
(b) Shrinking of nucleoplasm.
(c) Shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium.
(d) Lysis of cell wall and cell membrane in hypertonic medium.
(iv) The cytoplasmic connections from cell to cell are known as
(a) middle lamella.
(b) plasmodesmata.
(c) endoplasmic reticulum.
(d) chromatin.
(v) Animal cell when placed in a hypotonic solution
(a) will shrink due to loss of water.
(b) will burst due to uptake of excessive water.
(c) will not show any change.
(d) either (a) or (b).
Q.3. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
In some organisms like bacteria, the nuclear region of the cell may be poorly defined due to the
absence of a nuclear membrane. Such an undefined nuclear region containing only nucleic acids
is called a nucleoid. Such organisms, whose cells lack a nuclear membrane, are called
prokaryotes (Pro = primitive or primary; karyote karyon= nucleus). Organisms with cells having
a nuclear membrane are called eukaryotes.
Fig. 5.13
(i) Which of the following cell organelles are seen in prokaryotic cell?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Plastids
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Lysosomes
(ii) The basic difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.
(a) Presence/Absence of membrane bound nucleus.
(b) Presence/Absence of flagella.
(c) Different nucleic acids as genetic material.
(d) Presence/Absence of cell wall.
(iii) Prokaryotic cells do not possess
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Mitochondria
(c) None of the above
(d) Both of the above
(iv) Examples of eukaryotic cells are
(a) viruses and bacteria.
(b) bacteria and fungi.
(c) viruses and fungi.
(d) fungi and amoeba.
(v) Prokaryotes are
(a) cellular
(b) unicellular
(c) multicellular
(d) acellular
TISSUES
Q.1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
Take two glass jars and fill them with water. Now, take two onion bulbs and place one on each
jar, as shown in figure. Observe the growth of roots in both the bulbs for a few days. Measure the
length of roots on day 1, 2 and 3.
On day 4, cut the root tips of the onion bulb in jar 2 by about 1 cm. After this, observe the
growth of roots in both the jars and measure their lengths each day for five more days and
record.
(i) Diameter of stem increases due to activity of
(a) apical meristem.
(b) lateral meristem.
(c) intercalary meristem.
(d) Apical meristem.
(ii) In a lawn grass keeps on growing in height even after regular mowing because of
(a) cambium.
(b) apical meristem.
(c) intercalary meristem.
(d) transverse meristem.
(iii) What will there be a difference in the length of the roots in the two jars?
(a) No difference between the two.
(b) Root stop growing after sometime.
(c) Roots in jar 1 are longer.
(d) Roots in jar 2 are longer.
(iv) This activity explains presence of
(a) Xylem.
(b) Lateral meristem.
(c) Phloem.
(d) apical meristem.
(v) Onion bulbs are kept dipped in water so that
(a) their roots gets hydrated and germinate.
(b) onions are aquatic plants.
(c) water is stored in the onion bulb.
(d) water provides nutrition.
Q.2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
The cells when cut from meristematic tissue take up a specific Cuticle Epidermis Collenchyma
Parenchyma Phloem role and lose the ability to divide. As a result, they form a permanent tissue.
This process of taking up a permanent shape, size, and a function is called differentiation.
Differentiation leads to the development of various types of permanent tissues.
Fig. 6.16
(i) Which of the following tissue has dead cells?
(a) Epithelial tissue
(b) Parenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) Collenchyma
(ii) Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) In its early stage, meristematic tissues lack vacuoles.
(b) Intercalary and lateral meristems are permanent tissue.
(c) Collenchymatous tissues are irregularly thickened at the corners.
(d) Parenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces.
(iii) Flexibility in plants is due to
(a) parenchyma.
(b) collenchyma.
(c) chlorenchyma
(d) sclerenchyma
(iv) Husk of coconut is formed of
(a) sclereids.
(b) sclerenchyma fibres.
(c) collenchyma.
(d) tracheae.
(v) Various types of simple permanent tissues in plants are
(a) Meristem, Sclerenchyma.
(b) Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.
(c) Parenchyma, Meristem.
(d) Collenchyma, Meristem.

Q.3. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a
common function. Xylem and phloem are examples of such complex tissues. They are both
conducting tissues and constitute a vascular bundle. Vascular tissue is a distinctive feature of the
complex plants, one that has made possible their survival in the terrestrial environment.
(i) Water and mineral conducting tissue in gymnosperms is generally
(a) xylem fibres.
(b) sieve tube.
(c) tracheids.
(d) vessels.
(ii) Which of the following cells does not have perforated cell wall?
(a) Companion cells
(b) Tracheids
(c) Sieve tubes
(d) Vessels
(iii) The dead component of phloem is
(a) sieve tubes.
(b) phloem parenchyma.
(c) phloem fibres.
(d) companion cells.
(iv) The only living tissue in Xylem is
(a) Xylem fibres.
(b) Xylem parenchyma.
(c) Xylem tracheids.
(d) Xylem vessels.
(v) The only dead tissue in phloem is
(a) Companion cells.
(b) Phloem parenchyma.
(c) Sieve tubes.
(d) Phloem fibres.

Q.4. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v):
The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are epithelial tissues. Epithelium covers
most organs and cavities within the body. It also forms a barrier to keep different body systems
separate. The skin, the lining of the mouth, the lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney
tubules are all made of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue cells are tightly packed and form a
continuous sheet. They have only a small amount of cementing material between them and
almost no intercellular spaces.
(i) Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption of digested food in small
intestine?
(a) Columnar epithelium
(b) Ciliated epithelium
(c) Stratified squamous epithelium
(d) Cuboidal epithelium

(ii) Following type of epithelium provides mechanical support:

(a) Cuboidal
(b) Stratified
(c) Ciliated
(d) Squamous
(iii) The respiratory tract i.e., Trachea and Bronchi have
(a) Ciliated columnar epithelium.
(b) Columnar epithelium.
(c) Glandular epithelium.
(d) Stratified squamous epithelium.
(iv) Following are some of the functions of epithelium
(a) Breakdown of material and absorption.
(b) Exchange of material, secretion and absorption.
(c) Protection and framework.
(d) Protection and transportation.
(v) Squamous epithelium is found in
(a) Kidney tubules.
(b) Stomach lining.
(c) Fallopian tube.
(d) Alveoli, oesophagus, cheek cells.

FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

Q.1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) :
Law of Inertia : By observing the motion of objects on an inclined plane Galileo deduced that
objects move with a constant speed when no force acts on them. Newton further studied Galileo's
ideas on force and motion and presented three laws of motion. As per Newton's law of motion an
object remains in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to
change that state by an applied force. In other words, all objects resist a change in their state of
motion. The tendency of undisturbed objects to stay at rest or to keep moving with the same
velocity is called inertia. This is why, the first law of motion is also known as the law of inertia.

(i) If no force acts on a moving object then

(a) its speed remains unchanged.
(b) its velocity remains unchanged.
(c) it is uniformly accelerated.
(d) it is uniformly retarded.
(ii) The tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest, in the absence of an external unbalanced
force, is called
(a) inertia
(b) momentum
(c) inertia of rest
(d) inertia of motion
(iii) Which of the following has maximum inertia ?
(a) One rupee coin
(b) 10 rupee coin
(c) A tennis ball
(d) A cricket ball
(iv) The law of inertia is in agreement with
(a) first law of motion
(b) second law of motion
(c) third law of motion
(d) law of conservation of momentum
(v) When a branch of a Jamun tree is vigorously shaken, some Jamuns get detached and fall on
the ground. It is in accordance with
(a) 2nd law of motion
(b) law of inertia
(c) directional inertia
(d) 3rd law of motion
Q2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) :

Action-Reaction forces: In the game of football sometimes we, while looking at the football and
trying to kick it with a greater force, collide with a player of the opposite team. Both feel hurt
because each applies a force to the other. In other words, there is a pair of forces and not just one
force. The two opposing forces are also known as action and reaction force. Newton's third law
of motion gives a correlation between these forces. According to third law of motion to every
action three must be an equal and opposite reaction.
(i) Which law of motion corelates action-reaction forces?
(a) Law of inertia
(b) First law of motion
(c) Second law of motion
(d) Third law of motion
(ii) Select the correct statement out of the following:
(a) Action is a real force but reaction is virtual force.
(b) Action force is more powerful than the reaction force.
(c) Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude.
(d) Action force acts first and reaction force acts immediately after action.
(iii) According to Newton's third law of motion, action and reaction
(a) act on the same body.
(b) act on two different bodies but in the same direction.
(c) act on two different bodies and in mutually opposite directions.
(d) do not affect motion of bodies on which they act.
(iv) Which of the following is an illustration of Newton's third law of motion?
(a) Free fall of an object.
(b) Accelerated motion of a car on a road.
(c) Uniform circular motion.
(d) Walking of a man on the ground.
(v) When we kick a stone, we get hurt. Due to which of the following properties of stone does it
happen?
(a) inertia
(b) momentum
(c) velocity
(d) reaction force