Ttmik Level 7

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LEVEL 7 LESSON 1
In this lesson, we are looking at the sentence ending -(는)구나 and -(는)군요. -(는)구나
is used in 반말 (casual, informal language) and -(는)군요 is only used in 존댓말 (polite, formal
language).
When are they used?

You use -(는)구나 and -(는)군요 when you just realized or found out about something for the
first time, mainly to express your realization. You can sometimes use them to show that you are
surprised, but this depends on the intonation of your sentence.
Let’s compare some sentences using the -(는)구나 or -(는)군요 ending with some plain sentenc-
es.
1.
여기 있었어요. [yeo-gi i-sseo-sseo-yo.] = It was here.
(존댓말) 여기 있었군요. [yeo-gi i-sseot-gun-yo.] = (I see that) it was here.
(반말) 여기 있었구나. [yeo-gi i-sseot-gu-na.] (same meaning as above)
2.
생각보다 비싸요. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-yo.] = It’s more expensive than I thought.
(존댓말) 생각보다 비싸군요. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-gun-yo.] = (I see that) it is more expen-
sive than I thought.
(반말) 생각보다 비싸구나. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-gu-na.] (save meaning as above)
3.
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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 7 LESSON 1
여기 살아요. [yeo-gi sa-ra-yo.] = I live here. She lives here. They live here. etc.
(존댓말) 여기 사는군요. [yeo-gi sa-neun-gun-yo.] = (I see that) you live here.
(반말) 여기 사는구나. [yeo-gi sa-neun-gu-na.] = (same meaning as above)
Construction
[Past Tense]
Verb stem + -았/었/였군요
Verb stem + -았/었/였구나
[Present Tense]
- Action Verbs: Verb stem + -는군요/는구나
- Descriptive Verbs: Verb stem + -군요/구나
-(는)군요 and -(는)군

Generally, when you drop the -요 at the end of a Korean sentence, it becomes a 반말 sentence
and it is the same with -(는)군요. Therefore, instead of saying -(는)군요, if you say -(는)군, it be-
comes the same level as -(는)구나. Even though the basic meaning is the same, however, -(는)
구나 is more commonly used in spoken language and among females than -(는)군. Sometimes
people would say -(는)군, but saying this will make your sentence sound a bit like written lan-
guage and more masculin.
Ex)
이거 맛있구나.
[i-geo ma-sit-gu-na]
= (I didn’t know before but I just realized that) this is delicious!
LEVEL 7 LESSON 1
이거 맛있군.
[i-geo ma-sit-gun.]
--> This sentence has the same basic meaning as the one above, but it sounds a litte more
masculin and like written language.
Nouns + -군요/구나
When you want to say “Noun + -이다”, if the noun ends with a consonant, you keep the -이
and add -군요 or -구나.
Ex)
학생이군요. / 학생이구나.
But if the noun ends with a vowel, you drop the -이 and just add -군요 or -구나.
Ex)
이거군요. / 이거구나.
More Sample Sentences

1. 여기 진짜 넓구나!
[yeo-gi jin-jja neolp-gu-na!]
= This place is so big!
2. 이게 그거였군요!
[i-ge geu-geo-yeot-gun-yo!]
= So this was what you were talking about!
LEVEL 7 LESSON 1
3. 이렇게 하는 거군요.
[i-reo-ke ha-neun geo-gun-yo.]
= So this is how you do it!
4. 벌써 11월이구나!
[beol-sseo si-bi-rweol-i-gu-na!]
= (I didn’t realize before but) it’s already November!
5. 어제도 만났군요.
[eo-je-do man-nat-gun-yo.]
= (I didn’t know before but I just found out that) you met yesterday too.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 2
In this lesson, we look at how to say “to pretend” to do something in Korean. The key words
that you need to know are 척 [cheok] and 체 [che]. They are a little bit different in usage, but
they can be basically used in the following form.
Verb stem + -(으/느)ㄴ 척 하다
or
Verb stem + -(으/느)ㄴ 체 하다
In the structures above, both 체 and 척 have the meaning of “the act of pretending” or “acting
as if”. Therefore the part before 척/체, which is -(으/느)ㄴ has the role of changing a verb into
the adjective form, and the verb 하다 means “to do”.
1. -(으/ㄴ)ㄴ = adjective ending

2. 척/체 = the act of pretending
3. 하다 = to do
→ -(으/느)ㄴ 척/체 하다
Examples
1. 알다 = to know
→ 아는 척 하다 = to pretend to know
→ 아는 체 하다 = to pretend to know
** Here, 알다 is a ㄹ irregular verb so ㄹ drops.
2. 자다 = to sleep
→ 자는 척 하다 = to pretend to sleep
→ 자는 체 하다 = to pretend to sleep
LEVEL 7 LESSON 2
3. 예쁘다 = to be pretty
→ 예쁜 척 하다 = to pretend to be pretty, to act as if one was pretty
→ 예쁜 체 하다 = to pretend to be pretty, to act as if one was pretty
You can use -(으/느)ㄴ 척/체 하다 with past tense and present progressive too.
Examples
1. 알다 → 알고 있다 (present progressive)
→ 알고 있는 척/체 하다 = to pretend to be aware of something
2. 자다 → 자고 있다 (present progressive)
→ 자고 있는 척/체 하다 = to pretend to be sleeping/asleep
3. 하다 → 한 (past tense adjective form)

→ 한 척/체 하다 = to pretend to have done something
4. 먹다 → 먹은 (past tense adjective form)

→ 먹은 척/체 하다 = to pretend to have eaten something
** You can’t use -(으/느)ㄴ 척/체 하다 with future tense. In that case you need to different
structures, such as -(으)ㄹ 것처럼 행동하다, etc.
Difference between 척 and 체
척 and 체 are almost the same and almost always interchangeable, but only 척 can be followed
by verbs other than 하다, which is usually 행동하다 (to behave) or 이야기하다 (to talk). You can
also use the part “-(으/느)ㄴ 척” (without finishing with sentence with 하다) as a clause.
Ex)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 2
모르는 척, 조용히 나갔어요.

= (While) Pretending as if they didn’t know, they went out quietly.
Sometimes, 척 and 체 will be followed by verbs that are not 하다, but even in those cases,
those verbs are mostly “related” to the verb 하다.
For example, when you want to say “Stop pretending you know.” you can say 아는 척 하지 마
세요 but also 아는 척 그만하세요. Here, 그만하다 means to stop, but it basically comes from 하
다.
Sample Sentences
1. 모르는 척 하지 말고 빨리 말해 줘요.
[mo-reu-neun cheok ha-ji mal-go ppal-li mal-hae jwo-yo.]
= Please don’t pretend you don’t know and tell me quickly.
2. 자는 척 그만하고 일어나요.
[ ja-neun cheok geu-man-ha-go i-reo-na-yo.]
= Stop pretending to be asleep and get up.
3. 술 마신 척 하지 마세요.
[sul ma-sin cheok ha-ji ma-se-yo.]
= Don’t pretend that you drank.
4. 그 사람은 예쁜 척을 너무 많이 해요.
[geu sa-ra-meun yeo-ppeun cheo-geul neo-mu ma-ni hae-yo.]
= She behaves (too much) as if she’s pretty.
5. 아는 척 하지 마세요.
[a-neun cheok ha-ji ma-se-yo.]
= Don’t pretend to know.
= Don’t be a know-it-all.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 3
In this lesson we are looking at the structure -(으)ㄹ 만하다. This structure has a variety of
meanings and it is very important to pay close attention to the context in order to understand
what kind of meaning is intended.
Generally, -(으)ㄹ 만하다 means that there is enough reason or justification for a certain situa-
tion or that something is doable or possible, but mainly in the sense of being “bearable” to do.
Examples
가다
→ 갈 만하다 [gal man-ha-da]

= to be possible to go
= to be worth going (and checking out the place)
= there is enough justifiable reason for one to go
먹다
→ 먹을 만하다 [meo-geul man-ha-da]

= to be edible
= to taste okay (the taste is bearable)
= the taste is acceptable
늦다
→ 늦을 만하다 [neu-jeul man-ha-da]

= to be forgivable for being late
= there is enough reason for being late
놀라다
→ 놀랄 만하다 [nol-lal man-ha-da]

= to be natural to be surprised/shocked
= there is enough reason for being surprisd/shocked
LEVEL 7 LESSON 3
Sample Sentences
1. 그럴 만해요.
[geu-reol man-hae-yo.]
= It’s understandable to be so.
= It’s possible.
= There is enough reason for it to be so.
2. 그 사람은 인기가 있을 만해요.

[geu sa-ra-meun in-gi-ga i-sseul man-hae-yo.]
= There is enough reason that he is popular.
= It’s understandable why he is popular.
3. 이 책 읽을 만해요?
[i chaek il-geul man-hae-yo?]
= Is this book worth reading?
= Is this book good?
= Do you recommend this book?
4. 괜찮아요. 참을 만해요.
[gwaen-cha-na-yo. cha-meul man-hae-yo.]
= I’m okay. It’s endurable.
= I’m okay. It’s bearable.
5. 가족끼리 한 번쯤 갈 만해요.
[ga-jok-kki-ri han beon-jjeum gal man-hae-yo.]
= (The place) is worth visiting once (or twice) with family.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 4
In this lesson, we are looking at the words -같이 and -처럼. They are both particles (used
after nouns) that mean “like + N”. When you use -같이 or -처럼 after a word, the word group
works like an adverb in a sentence. (i.e. “like a robot”, “like a Korean girl”, etc.)
Many people make the mistake of using -같이 and 처럼 with the verb for “to be”, but more on
that later in this lesson.
Noun + -같이/처럼 = like + N, as + N

1. 종이 + -처럼 = 종이처럼 [ jong-i-cheo-reom] = like paper
2. 로봇 + -처럼 = 로봇처럼 [ro-bot-cheo-reom] = like a robot
→ 종이처럼 가볍다 = to be light like paper

→ 로봇처럼 걷다 = to walk like a robot
Examples
1. 저처럼 해 보세요.
[ jeo-cheo-reom hae bo-se-yo.]
= Try doing it like I do.
2. 그 사람은 한국어를 한국 사람처럼 잘해요.

[geu sa-ra-meun han-gu-geo-reul han-guk sa-ram-cheo-reom ja-rae-yo.]
= He speaks Korean well like a Korean person.
3. 제가 어제 말한 것처럼 했어요?
[ je-ga eo-je ma-ran geot-cheo-reom hae-sseo-yo?]
= Did you do it like I said yesterday?
All the sentences above can be written with -같이 in the place of -처럼, too, but only some of
them are “very” natural.
→ 저같이 해 보세요.
→ 그 사람은 한국어를 한국 사람같이 잘해요.
→ 제가 어제 말한 것같이 했어요?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 4
** -처럼 and -같이 are interchangeable in most cases and which sounds more natural depends
on the person’s opinion.
같이 and -같이
Even though they are basically the same word, there is a difference in the meaning between
when you say -같이 after a noun and 같이 independently. When 같이 is used independently as
an adverb, it means “together”. In this case, you would often need the particle -와 or -(이)랑
that means “with”.
Ex)
저 사람같이 하세요
[ jeo sa-ram-ga-chi ha-se-yo.]
= Do like that person does.
저 사람이랑 같이 하세요.
[ jeo sa-ra-mi-rang ga-chi ha-se-yo.]
= Do it together with that person.
-같이 and -같은

When you add -같이 after a noun, it works as an adverb. And when you want to make the ex-
pression work as an adjective, you can add -같은 instead of -같이. This does not apply to -처럼.
Ex)
저같은 사람
[ jeo-ga-teun sa-ram]
= a person like me
= somebody like me
Sample Sentences
1. 강아지가 곰처럼 생겼어요.
[gang-a-ji-ga gom-cheo-reom saeng-gyeo-sseo-yo.]
LEVEL 7 LESSON 4
= The puppy looks like a bear.
2. 오늘은 일요일같은 월요일이에요.

[o-neu-reun i-ryo-il-ga-teun wo-ryo-i-ri-e-yo.]
= Today is a Monday (that feels) like a Sunday.
3. 제 친구는 미국인인데 영어를 영국 사람처럼 해요.

[ je chin-gu-neun mi-gu-gi-nin-de yeong-eo-reul yeong-guk sa-ram-cheo-reom hae-yo.]
= My friend is American but s/he speaks English like a British person.
4. 왜 집을 요새처럼 만들었어요?
[wae ji-beul yo-sae-cheo-reom man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?]
= Why did you make your house like a fortress?
5. 바보처럼 정말 그 말을 믿었어요?
[ba-bo-cheo-reom jeong-mal geu ma-reul mi-deo-sseo-yo?]
= Did you really believe that like a fool?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 5
In this lesson, we are going to take a look at how to use the word 만큼 to say things like “He
is as tall as I am.” and “You can take as much as you want.” in Korean.
만큼 can be used both as a particle and as a noun. When it is used after other nouns, pronouns
and prepositions, it works as a particle and you write it right after the previous word, without
space. When it is used after a verb, it has to be modified by it and work as a noun. But either
way, the basic meaning is the same.
만큼 represents the meaning of “as much as” or “to the point of” doing or being something.
Examples
1. 저만큼 [ jeo-man-keum]
= 저 + 만큼
= as much as me
= as much as I
2. 이만큼 [i-man-keum]
= 이(것) + 만큼
= as much as this
= this much
3. 놀랄 만큼 [nol-lal man-keum]
= 놀라다 + 만큼
= to the point of one being surprised
= surprisingly
4. 원하는 만큼 [won-ha-neun man-keum]

= 원하다 + 만큼
= as much as one wants
5. 한국에서만큼 [han-gu-ge-seo-man-keum]
= 한국에서 + 만큼
= as much as in Korea
LEVEL 7 LESSON 5
As you can see from the examples above, 만큼 (or -만큼) can be used after various types of
words to mean “as much as”. But when 만큼 is used after 얼마 [eol-ma], which usually means
“how much”, 얼마만큼 [eol-ma-man-keum] still has the same meaning of “how much (of
something)” or “how much in quantity”. In this case, 얼마만큼 is interchangeable with 얼마나
[eol-ma-na].
Sample Sentences
1. 효진 씨는 경화 씨만큼 키가 커요.
[hyo-jin ssi-neun gyeong-hwa ssi-man-kkeum ki-ga keo-yo.]
= Hyojin is as tall as Kyung-hwa.
2. 얼마만큼 필요해요?
[eol-ma-man-keum pi-ryo-hae-yo?]
= How much (of it) do you need?
3. 원하는 만큼 다 가져가세요.
[won-ha-neun man-keum da ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo.]
= Take as much as you want.
4. 필요한 만큼 가져가세요.
[pi-ryo-han man-keum ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo.]
= Take as much as you need.
5. 필요한 만큼만 가져가세요.

[pi-ryo-han man-keum-man ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo.]
= Take just the amount you need.
6. 한국에서만큼 자주 안 만나요.
[han-gu-ge-seo-man-keum ja-ju an man-na-yo.]
= We don’t meet as often as in Korea.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 5
How to say “as much as I’d like to...” in Korean

In this case, you can’t you 만큼 to say things like “As much as I want to go, I can’t.” Instead,
you need to say “정말 -고 싶지만” which literally means “I really want to... but”.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 6 - WORD BUILDER 12
Word Builder lessons are designed to help you understand how to expand your vocabulary by
learning/understanding some common and basic building blocks of Korean words. The words
and letters introduced through Word Builder lessons are not necessarily all Chinese characters,
or 한자 [han-ja]. Though many of them are based on Chinese characters, the meanings can be
different from modern-day Chinese. Your goal, through these lessons, is to understand how
words are formed and remember the keywords in Korean to expand your Korean vocabulary
from there. You certainly don’t have to memorize the Hanja characters, but if you want to, feel
free!
Today’s keyword is 원
These Chinese character for this is 院
.
There are many other Chinese characters (or Hanja letters) that are used for 원, so keep in mind
that not all the words that have 원 in them have related meanings.
The word 원院 ( ) is related to “house” and “institute”.
대 (big) + 학 (study) + 원 (house) = 대학원 大學院 [dae-ha-gwon] = graduate school
병 (sickness) + 원 (house) = 병원 病院 [byeong-won] = hospital
원 (house) + 장 (head) = 원장 院長 [won-jang] = head of an organization or an

institute of which name ends with -원
학 (study) + 원 (house) = 학원 學院 [ha-gwon] = private school, institute
연수 (training, education) + 원 (house) = 연수원 硏修院 [yeon-su-won] = training in-

stitute
퇴 (to retreat, to go back) + 원 (house) = 퇴원 退院 [toe-won] = leaving the hospital
입 (to enter) + 원 (house) = 입원 入院 [i-bwon] = being hospitalized, hospitaliza-
tion
법 (law) + 원 (house) = 법원 法院 [beo-bwon] = court of law
연구 (research) + 원 (house) = 연구원 硏究員 [yeon-gu-won] = research center
고 (lonely) + 아 (child) + 원 (house) = 고아원 孤兒院 [go-a-won] = orphanage
LEVEL 7 LESSON 7
In today’s lesson, we look at the structure -아/어/여 봤자 [-a/eo/yeo bwat-ja]. This is used
to express the meaning “even if” or “there is no use”, and is more commonly used in
spoken Korean than in written Korean.
Other similar expressions are -아/어/여도 and -아/어/여 봐도, and these expressions tend to be
a little more formal and less intense in nuance than -아/어/여 봤자.
When used after verb stems, -아/어/여 봤자 gives the entire sentence the meaning that “even if”
one tries to do something, they will NOT get the desired result.
Examples
말하다 [ma-ra-da] = to talk, to speak
→ 말해 봤자 [ma-rae bwat-ja] = even if you talk (to them) (there is no use)
찾다 [chat-da] = to look for, to find
→ 찾아 봤자 [cha-ja bwat-ja] = even if you look for something / even if you find it (there is
no use)
How to say “it is no use” or “it won’t work”

After you say -아/어/여 봤자, it’s already expected that you are going to say something along
the lines of “it won’t work”, “it’s impossible” or “you can’t do it”, but in order to make it more
clear, you can use the following expressions:
1. 소용 없어요. [so-yong eop-seo-yo.] = It’s of no use. It will not help.
2. 안 돼요. [an dwae-yo.] = It won’t work. It won’t do. You can’t do it.
3. 시간 낭비예요. [si-gan nang-bi-ye-yo.] = It’s a waste of time.
Or you can simply add negative phrases using 안 or 못.
Ex)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 7
말해 봤자 소용 없어요. [ma-rae bwat-ja so-yong eop-seo-yo.] = Even if you talk (to them),
it’ll be of no use.
가 봤자 시간 낭비예요. [ga bwat-ja si-gan nang-bi-ye-yo.] = Even if you go, it will be a

waste of your time.
But quite often, you can just drop the expressions above after -아/어/여 봤자 and just add -예
요 (= to be) to make the sentence end with -아/어/여 봤자예요. This is because with just -
아/어/여 봤자 alone, the meaning is clear, and you just add -예요 to make it a complete sen-
tence.
Ex)
해 봤자예요. [hae bwat-ja-ye-yo.] = There is no use in trying doing it.
가 봤자예요. [ga bwat-ja-ye-yo.] = There is no use in going there.
Sample Sentences
1. 저한테 말해 봤자 소용 없어요.
[ jeo-han-te ma-rae bwat-ja so-yong eop-seo-yo.]
= There is no use in talking to me.
2. 여기에 있어 봤자 시간 낭비예요.
[yeo-gi-e i-sseo bwat-ja si-gan nang-bi-ye-yo.]
= Even if you stay here, it’s a waste of time.
3. 지금 출발해 봤자 시간 안에 못 가요.
[ ji-geum chul-ba-rae bwat-ja si-gan a-ne mot ga-yo.]
= Even if you leave now, you can’t get there in time.
4. 울어 봤자 소용 없어요.
[u-reo bwat-ja so-yong eop-seo-yo.]
= Even if you cry, it won’t help.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 7
5. 모르는 척 해 봤자 이미 다 알고 있어요.
[mo-reu-neun cheok hae bwat-ja i-mi da al-go i-sseo-yo.]
= Even if you pretend you don’t know, I already know all about it.
-아/어/여 봤자 can be replaced with -아/어/여 봐야 when it is followed by a phrase that is NOT
-예요. (You can’t say -아/어/여 봐야예요.)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 8
In this lesson, let’s look at the structure -길래 [-gil-lae]. -길래 basically expresses a reason that
an action is done, but mostly when you have intentionally done something as a result of ob-
serving and judging a situation.
You can use -길래 mainly when you are talking about (1) doing something as a result of obser-
vation, (2) doing something as a result of judging a situation and (3) asking the reason/back-
ground for a decision. And since you usually talk about the reason for an action and the reason,
too, the sentence is usually in the past or present tense.
Structure
Verb stem + -길래 + <result action>
Usages
1. Doing something as a result of observation
비가 오다 (= to rain)
--> 비가 오길래
--> 비가 오길래 우산을 가져왔어요.
(= It was raining so I brought my umbrella.)
맛있다 (= to be delicious)
--> 맛있길래
--> 맛있길래 더 사왔어요.
(= It was delicious so I bought some more.)
사람이 많다 (= to be crowded)
--> 사람이 많길래
--> 사람이 많길래 그냥 나왔어요.
(= There were a lot of people so I just left the place.)
2. Doing something as a result of judging a situation
LEVEL 7 LESSON 8
비가 올 것 같다 (= to seem like it’s going to rain)

--> 비가 올 것 같길래
--> 비가 올 것 같길래 그냥 집에 있었어요.
(= It looked like it was going to rain, so I just stayed at home.)
곧 문을 닫을 것 같다 (= to seem like they will close the door soon)

--> 곧 문을 닫을 것 같길래
--> 서점이 곧 문을 닫을 것 같길래 그냥 돌아왔어요.
(= The bookstore looked like it was going to close soon so I just came back.)
3. Asking the reason/background for a decision
어디에 있다 (= to be where)
--> 어디에 있길래
--> 지금 어디에 있길래 이렇게 시끄러워요?
(= Where are you now? It’s so noisy (as a result of that)!)
뭐 했다 (= to have done what)

--> 뭐 했길래
--> 뭐 했길래 이렇게 지쳤어요?
(= What did you do to be so tired?)
뭐라고 말했다 (= to have said what)

--> 뭐라고 말했길래
--> 경화 씨가 뭐라고 말했길래 이렇게 신났어요?
(= What did Kyung-hwa say to make you so excited?)
Sample Sentences
1. 무슨 이야기를 들었길래 그렇게 열심히 공부해요?
[mu-seun i-ya-gi-reul deu-reot-gil-lae geu-reo-ke yeol-si-mi gong-bu-hae-yo?]
= What kind of story did you hear to study so hard?
= What did they tell you? Why are you studying so hard?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 8
2. 어디에 가길래 그렇게 짐을 많이 싸요?

[eo-di-e ga-gil-lae geu-reo-ke ji-meul ma-ni ssa-yo?]
= Where are you going to be packing so much?
= Where are you going? You’re packing so much stuff!
3. 누구를 만나길래 그렇게 화장을 열심히 해요?

[nu-gu-reul man-na-gil-lae geu-reo-ke hwa-jang-eul yeol-si-mi hae-yo?]
= Who are you meeting to be putting on so much make-up?
= Why are you making so much effort on your make-up? Who are you meeting?
4. 너무 피곤하길래 그냥 집에 있었어요.
[neo-mu pi-go-na-gil-lae geu-nyang ji-be i-sseo-sseo-yo.]
= I was too tired, so I just stayed at home.
= I realized I was too tired, so I just stayed at home.
5. 효진 씨가 스폰지밥을 좋아하길래, 스폰지를 사 줬어요.

[hyo-jin ssi-ga seu-pon-ji-ba-beul jo-a-ha-gil-lae, seu-pon-ji-reul sa jweo-sseo-yo.]
= I saw that Hyojin likes SpongeBob, so I bought her some sponge.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 9
In this lesson, we are taking a look at the verb ending -느라고, which is used to link two
verbs or actions as reason and result. There are other expressions in Korean that you can use to
talk about the reason for a result, but -느라고 is used specifically when the result is somewhat
negative and you want to mention an excuse or reason.
Structure:
Action + -느라고 + action/state
The verb that comes before -느라고 should be an action.

(ex. 먹다, 잡다, 읽다, 일하다, etc.)
The verb that comes after -느라고, however, can be either an action or a state.
Example:
일하다 + -느라고 + 못 가다
(work) + -느라고 + (can’t go)
일하느라고 못 갔어요.
[i-ra-neu-ra-go mot ga-sseo-yo.]
= I couldn’t go because I was working.
= I was working so I couldn’t go.
Here, 일하다 is your excuse/reason for not being able to go somewhere.
-느라고 is usually associated with negative or undesirable results, but you can sometimes use it
in a more neutral sense, to mention a goal or an objective.
Example:
시험 준비 하느라고 바빠요.
[si-heom jun-bi ha-neu-ra-go ba-ppa-yo.]
= I’m busy preparing for an exam.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 9
먹을 것을 찾느라고 잠깐 냉장고를 열었어요.

[meo-geul geo-seul chat-neu-ra-go jam-kkan naeng-jang-go-reul yeo-reo-sseo-yo.]
= I opened the refrigerator for a little bit to look for something to eat.
The tense of the entire sentence is expressed through the second verb, so you can only use -느
라고 with the verb stem of the first verb.
Ex)
준비 했느라고 (x) 준비 하느라고 (o)
가겠느라고 (x) 가느라고 (o)
Sample Sentences
1. 운동하느라고 전화 온 줄 몰랐어요.
[un-dong-ha-neu-ra-go jeon-hwa on jul mol-la-sseo-yo.]
= I was working out so I didn’t know that you were calling.
= I was working out so I didn’t know I received a phone call.
2. 청소하느라고 계속 집에 있었어요.
[cheong-so-ha-neu-ra-go gye-sok ji-be i-sseo-sseo-yo.]
= I was cleaning so I stayed at home all along.
= I stayed at home all day because I was cleaning.
3. 뭐 하느라고 이렇게 늦었어요?

[mwo ha-neu-ra-go i-reo-ke neu-jeo-sseo-yo.]
= What were you doing to be so late?
= Why are you so late?
4. 그때 아마 일 하느라 바쁠 거예요. 그래도 연락해 보세요.

[geu-ttae a-ma il ha-neu-ra ba-ppeul geo-ye-yo. geu-rae-do yeol-la-kae bo-se-yo.]
= At that time, I will probably be busy working. But still try calling me.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 9
5. 학비를 내느라고 돈을 다 썼어요.

[hak-bi-reul nae-neu-ra-go do-neul da sseo-sseo-yo.]
= I spent all the money paying for my tuition fees.
Instead of the full -느라고, you can also use -느라.

(ex. 운동하느라, 청소하느라, 뭐 하느라, 일 하느라, 학비 내느라, etc.)
Two more things to remember:

1. The subject of the two verbs should be the same when you use -느라고.
Ex)
친구가 일하느라, 저는 여기 있었어요. (x)
친구가 일해서, 저는 여기 있었어요. (o)
2. You can’t make an imperative or a “let’s” sentence using -느라고.

Ex)
지금 쇼핑 하느라, 같이 가자. (x)
지금 쇼핑 할 거니까, 같이 가자. (o)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 10
In this series, we focus on how you can use the grammatical rules and expressions that you
have learned so far to train yourself to make more Korean sentences more comfortably and
more flexibly.
We will start off with THREE key sentences, and practice changing parts of these sentences
so that you don’t end up just memorizing the same three sentences. We want you to be able to
be as flexible as possible with the Korean sentences you can make.
Key Sentence #1
그 사람은 지금 음악 듣느라고, 아무리 불러 봤자 못 들어요.
[geu sa-ra-meun ji-geum eu-mak deut-neu-ra-go, a-mu-ri bul-leo bwat-ja mot deu-reo-yo.]
= He’s listening to music now so no matter how much you try to call him, he can’t hear you.
Key Sentence #2
뭐라고 말했길래 그 사람이 저를 모르는 척 해요?
[mwo-ra-go ma-raet-gil-lae geu sa-ra-mi jeo-reul mo-reu-neun cheok hae-yo?]
= What did you say to make him pretend not to know me?
Key Sentence #3
제가 말한 것처럼 했군요!
[ je-ga ma-ran geot-cheo-reom haet-gun-yo!]
= You really did like I said!
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Expansion & variation practice with key sentence #1
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LEVEL 7 LESSON 10
0. Original Sentence:
그 사람은 지금 음악 듣느라고, 아무리 불러 봤자 못 들어요.
= He’s listening to music now so no matter how much you try to call him, he can’t hear you.
1.
그 사람은 지금 음악 듣느라고 = he is listening to music now so,
저 지금 전화 받느라고 = I’m talking on the phone now so,
아까 텔레비전 보느라고 = I was watching TV earlier so,
시험 공부 하느라고 = I was studying for an exam so,
2.
아무리 불러 봤자 못 들어요 = no matter how hard you try to call him, he can’t hear you
아무리 노력해 봤자 안 돼요 = no matter how much effort you make, you can’t do it
아무리 걱정해 봤자 소용 없어요 = no matter how much you worry, it’s of no use
아무리 서둘러 봤자 이미 늦었어요 = no matter how much we hurry up, we are already late
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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뭐라고 말했길래 그 사람이 저를 모르는 척 해요?
= What did you say to make him pretend not to know me?
1.
뭐라고 말했길래 = what did you say to …
LEVEL 7 LESSON 10
아침에 비가 오길래 = I saw that it was raining in the morning so …
집에 우유가 없길래 = I found that there was no milk at home so …
조용하길래 = I realized that it was quiet so …
2.
그 사람이 저를 모르는 척 해요 = he pretends not to know me
저랑 친한 적 하지 마세요 = Don’t pretend you are close friends with me
그냥 바쁜 척 했어요 = I just pretended I was busy
걱정 없는 척 했어요 = I pretended I wasn’t worried
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제가 말한 것처럼 했군요!
= You really did like I said!
1.
제가 말한 것처럼 = like (what) I said
우리 어제 이야기한 것처럼 = like we discussed yesterday
영화 배우처럼 = like a movie actor
처음처럼 = like the beginning
2.
했군요 = I see that you did it!
그랬군요 = I see THAT is what happened
LEVEL 7 LESSON 10
한국에 오래 살았군요 = I see that you’ve lived in Korea for a long time
이게 제일 좋은 거군요 = I see that this is the best one
LEVEL 7 LESSON 11
In English, when you want to say “make someone do something” or “make something do
something”, you need that extra word “make” or other words such as “let”, “have”, etc. But in
Korean, this works in a slightly different way. In Level 6 Lesson 21, we introduced the suffixes -
이/히/리/기- that makes a verb “passive voice”. These same suffixes are also used to convert a
verb into the causative verb.
Causative suffixes:
-이-
-히-
-리-
-기-
-우-
-구-
-추-
There are general rules for where these suffixes are used, but there are a lot of exceptions so
it’s best to learn by trial and error as well as by looking at a lot of common examples.
Not all the verbs, however, can be changed into causative verbs by adding these suffixes. You
can’t form a causative verb with -이/히/리/기/우/구/추- when the verb is already a transitive
verb. For example, “to push” is 밀다 in Korean and it’s already a transitive verb. So if you add -
리 to it and make it 밀리다, it is changed to the passive voice, “to be pushed”.
At first, it will be easier for you to “understand” these suffixes than to “use” them.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 11
When a certain verb doesn’t work with these suffixes, you can still change it into the causative
form by adding -게 하다 [-ge ha-da]. An example of such verbs is 가다 [ga-da]. 가다 doesn’t
work with -이/히/리/기/우/구/추-, so you can only say “가게 하다” to say “to make some-
one go”.
All verbs can be changed into the causative form by using -게 하다.
Some verbs can be changed into the causative form by using -이/히/리/기/우/구/추-.
(These verbs are more commonly used with -이/히/리/기/우/구/추- than with -게 하다.)
1. -이-
-이- is used mostly after a vowel or sometimes after ㄱ.
Ex)
녹다 = to melt / 녹이다 = to make something melt, to melt something
보다 = to see / 보이다 = to show
높다 = to be high / 높이다 = to make something higher, to heighten
2. -히-
-히- is used mostly after ㄱ, ㄷ, or ㅂ.
Ex)
입다 = to wear / 입히다 = to make someone wear something
읽다 = to read / 읽히다 = to make someone read something
앉다 = to sit / 앉히다 = to seat someone, to make someone sit
밝다 = to be bright / 밝히다 = to brighten
LEVEL 7 LESSON 11
3. -리-
-리- is used mostly after ㄹ or ㄷ irregular.
Ex)
울다 = to cry / 울리다 = to make someone cry
놀다 = to play / 놀리다 = to let/make someone play, to tease
4. -기-
-기- is used mostly after ㄴ, ㅁ, or ㅅ.
Ex)
신다 = to wear (shoes) / 신기다 = to make someone wear (shoes)
안다 = to hug / 안기다 = to make someone hug someone
5. -우/구/추-
-우/구/추- have too many exceptions to generalize the rule.
낮다 = to be low / 낮추다 = to lower, to make something lower
맞다 = to fit / 맞추다 = to guess correctly, to make something fit
자다 = to sleep / 재우다 = to make someone sleep
크다 = to be big / 키우다 = to make something bigger, to grow
차다 = to be filled up / 채우다 = to fill
LEVEL 7 LESSON 11
하다 and 시키다
If you remember from the passive voice lessons, 하다 changes to 되다 when you make it pas-
sive. When you want to use 하다 and say “make someone do something”, you can use the
word 시키다 [si-ki-da]. This can also be applied to many “noun+-하다” verbs.
Examples:
공부하다 = to study / 공부시키다 = to make someone study
준비하다 = to prepare / 준비시키다 = to get someone ready
Sample Sentences
1. 아이들 울리지 마세요.
[a-i-deul ul-li-ji ma-se-yo.]
= Don’t make the kids cry.
2. 너무 높으니까 좀 낮춰 주세요.
[neo-mu no-peu-ni-kka jom nat-chwo ju-se-yo.]
= It’s too high, so lower it a little.
3. 다른 것도 보여 주세요.
[da-reun geot-do bo-yeo ju-se-yo.]
= Show me some other things, too.
4. 제가 너무 바빠서 다른 사람한테 시켰어요.
[ je-ga neo-mu ba-ppa-seo da-reun sa-ram-han-te si-kyeo-sseo-yo.]
= I was too busy so I made another person do it.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 11
5. 아이 세 명을 키우고 있어요.
[a-i se myeong-eul ki-u-go i-sseo-yo.]
= I am raising three kids.
Even More Examples

1. 좁다 = to be narrow / 좁히다 = to make something narrower
2. 넓다 = to be wide / 넓히다 = to widen
3. 남다 = to remain / 남기다 = to leave (a comment), to leave something over
4. 숨다 = to hide / 숨기다 = to hide something, to make something hidden
5. 넘다 = to go over / 넘기다 = to make something go over something
LEVEL 7 LESSON 12
In this lesson, we are taking a look at the verb ending -더라 [-deo-ra]. You will hear this often
in situations where one person is telling another what they found out or experienced.
What is -더라?
-더라 [-deo-ra] is used when you are telling someone else about a new fact that you have
learned about, by experiencing (i.e. seeing, finding, realizing, etc) something yourself.
Examples:
예쁘다 [ye-ppeu-da] = to be pretty
예뻐요 [ye-ppeo-yo] = (She’s/It’s) pretty.
--> 예쁘 + -더라 = 예쁘더라 [ye-ppeu-deo-ra] = She’s pretty! / I saw her and she’s so pretty!
춥다 [chup-da] = to be cold
추워요 [chu-wo-yo] = It’s cold.
--> 춥 + - 더라 = 춥더라 [chup-deo-ra] = It was so cold! / I went there and it was so cold!
Like in the examples above, when you use -더라, it should be about a past action, because you
are talking about something that you’ve already experienced.
What is the difference between -더라, -더라고 and -더라고요?

Basically it’s -더라 [-deo-ra], but you can add -고 [-go] to slightly change the meaning. When
you add -요 [-yo] at the end, you already know that it makes the sentence more polite.
When you use -더라, you tell someone a fact about something, based on what you saw or ex-
perienced, but in more ‘exclamatory’ way.
When you use -더라고 instead of -더라, the tone of your sentence is more calm, and it sounds
LEVEL 7 LESSON 12
less excited and conclusive than when you say -더라.
Examples:
나는 그거 좋더라. [na-neun geu-geo jo-teo-ra]. = (I check it out and) I like it.
나는 그거 좋더라고. [na-neun geu-geo jo-teo-ra-go.] = (I check it out and) I like it. [More calm
and neutral]
How do you say -더라 in 존댓말?

You can change -더라 to 존댓말 quiet easily just by adding -요 at the end. With -더라, however,
it’s a little bit different. You need to use the ending -던데요.
예쁘더라. --> 예쁘던데요.
빠르더라. --> 빠르던데요.
And naturally, you can also make it change back to 반말 by getting ride of -요 at the end of -
던데요.
Sample Sentences
1. 그 영화 어제 봤는데, 재밌더라!
(재미있던데요!/재미있더라고!/재미있더라고요!)
= I saw that movie yesterday, and it was fun!
2. 어제 경화 씨를 만났는데, 머리를 염색했더라.
(염색했던데요./염색했더라고./염색했더라고요.)
= I met Kyung-hwa yesterday and she had dyed her hair.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 12
3. 싱가폴에 처음 가 봤는데, 정말 덥더라.
(덥던데요./덥더라고./덥더라고요.)
= I went to Singapore for the first time, and it’s really hot there.
4. 윤아 씨한테 물어봤는데, 모르더라.
(모르던데요./모르더라고./모르더라고요.)
= I asked Yoona, and she doesn’t know.
5. 아까 효진 씨를 만났는데, 남자친구랑 있더라.
(있던데요./있더라고./있더라고요.)
= I met Hyojin earlier, and she was with her boyfriend.
Remember!
1. -더라 normally doesn’t work with statements about one’s own will or action.
Ex) 아침에 일어났는데 내가 바쁘더라. (x)
2. You can use -더라 about your own emotions, but normally not about other people’s emo-
tions.
Ex) 걱정되더라 means YOU are worrying about other people.
석진 씨가 걱정되더라 can be used if YOU are worried about 석진 but you can’t use it when 석
진 is worried.
3. You can NOT use -더라 when you have NOT experienced, seen, or read about something
yourself.
Ex) 콘서트에 갔는데, 가수가 노래를 잘하더라. (o) / 콘서트에 못 갔는데, 가수가 노래를 잘하더라.
(x)
or 한자 [han-ja]. Though many of them are based on Chinese characters, the meanings can be
different from modern-day Chinese. Your goal, through these lessons, is to understand how
free!
Today’s keyword is 기 .
The Chinese character for this is 機

. There are many other Chinese characters (or Hanja letters)
that are used for 기, so keep in mind that not all the words that have 기 in them have related
meanings.
The word 기 (機) is related to “frame”, “machine” or “loom”.
기 (frame) + 계 (machine) = 기계 機械 machine [gi-gye] =
기 (frame) + 회 (to meet) = 기회 機會 opportunity, chance [gi-hoe] =
비행기 飛行機
비 (to fly) + 행 (to go about) + 기 (machine) = [bi-haeng-gi] =
airplane
기 (airplane) + 내 (inside) + 식 (food, meal) = 기내식 機內食 [gi-nae-sik] = in-
flight meal
세 (to wash) + 탁 (to wash) + 기 (machine) = 세탁기 洗濯機 [se-tak-gi] = wash-
ing machine
전 (electricity) + 화 (to talk, dialog) + 기 (machine) = 전화기 電話機 [ jeon-hwa-
gi] = telephone
기 (frame) + 관 (relations) = 기관 機關 organization [gi-gwan] =
교육 기관 敎育機關
교육 (education) + 기관 (organization) = [gyo-yuk
gi-gwan] = educational organization
언론 (press) + 기관 (organization) = 언론 기관 言論機關 [eon-lon gi-
gwan] = the media, the press
정부 (government) + 기관 (organization) = 정부 기관 政府機關 [ jeong-
bu gi-gwan] = government organization
복 (to overlap) + 사 (to copy) + 기 (machine) = 복사기 複寫機 [bok-sa-gi] =
copying machine
선 (fan) + 풍 (wind) + 기 (machine) = 선풍기 扇風機 [seon-pung-gi] = electric
fan
자 (automatic, self) + 판 (to sell) + 기 (machine) = 자판기 自販機 = vending
machine
계 (to count) + 산 (to count) + 기 (machine) = 계산기 計算機 calculator

발전기 發電機
발 (to generate, to develop) + 전 (electricity) + 기 (machine) = =
electricity generator
사 (to copy) + 진 (real) + 기 (machine) = 사진기 寫眞機 = camera
LEVEL 7 LESSON 14
In this lesson, we are going to look at how to say “no matter how …” in Korean.
To say this, you need to know two key parts: one is the word 아무리 [a-mu-ri], and the other
is the suffix -아/어/여도 [-a/eo/yeo-do] (introduced in Level 3 Lesson 20).
Construction:
아무리 + Verb Stem + -아/어/여도
= No matter how + verb/adverb/adjective …
아무리 [a-mu-ri] has a definition, but it’s rarely used on its own to define or mean anything.
This word is usually used with -아/어/여도 or other endings that mean “even if” or “however”.
You COULD say the same thing without 아무리, but 아무리 makes the meaning of the entire
sentence much stronger and clearer.
Examples
아무리 바빠도 [a-mu-ri ba-ppa-do] = no matter how busy you are
아무리 어려워도 [a-mu-ri eo-ryeo-wo-do] = no matter how difficult it is
아무리 심심해도 [a-mu-ri sim-sim-hae-do] = no matter how bored you are
* You can tell the tense and the voice, as well as the subject of the entire sentence from the
context.
Using 아무리 with nouns

Sometimes you can use 아무리 with nouns, but in order to make them ‘verbs’, you need to
add the -이다 verb. For example, if you want to say 부자 [bu-ja], “a rich person”, you need to
change it to 부자이다 and the -이다 part changes to either -아/어/여도 or -(이)라도.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 14
Ex)
No matter how rich you are
= Even if you are a rich person
= 아무리 부자여도 [a-mu-ri bu-ja-yeo-do]
= 아무리 부자라도 [a-mu-ri bu-ja-ra-do]
More examples
아무리 미인이라도 = 아무리 미인이여도 = no matter how much of a beauty she is
아무리 바보라도 = 아무리 바보여도 = no matter how big of a fool you are
Using 아무리 with other endings

You can express similar meaning with other endings. 아무리 -아/어/여도 can be replaced with
아무리 -어/어/여 봤자 (Level 7 Lesson 7), 아무리 -고 싶어도, 아무리 -려고 해도, 아무리 -(으/느)
ㄴ다고 해도,etc., to express similar meanings. However, the sentences will all have subtle differ-
ences based on the core meaning of the 2nd part.
Ex)
아무리 공부해도 [a-mu-ri gong-bu-hae-do] (most neutral) = no matter how much you study
아무리 공부해 봤자 [a-mu-ri gong-bu-hae bwat-ja] (least hopeful) = no matter how much you
study
아무리 공부하고 싶어도 [a-mu-ri gong-bu-ha-go si-peo-do] = no matter how much you want
to study
아무리 공부하려고 해도 [a-mu-ri gong-bu-ha-ryeo-go hae-do] = no matter how much you are
going to try to study
아무리 공부한다고 해도 [a-mu-ri gong-bu-han-da-go hae-do] (less hopeful) = no matter how
LEVEL 7 LESSON 14
much you study
아무리 + Verb Stem + -아/어/여도 그렇지...

In addition to the basic structure of -아/어/여도, there is also a commonly used structure, -
아/어/여도 그렇지, that is used with 아무리. When you add “그렇지”, the sentence can be
used on its own, without the next part following. Here, 그렇지 means “but still...”.
Ex)
아무리 어려워도 = no matter how difficult it is,
아무리 어려워도 그렇지. = I know it’s difficult, but still... / No matter how difficult it is, still....
Sample Sentences
1. 아무리 늦어도 2시까지는 오세요.
[a-mu-ri neu-jeo-do du-si-kka-ji-neun o-se-yo.]
= No matter how late you are, be there by 2.
= Come by 2 at the latest.
2. 아무리 싫어도, 안 싫은 척 해 주세요.
[a-mu-ri si-reo-do, an si-reun cheok hae ju-se-yo.]
= No matter how much you hate him, please pretend you don’t hate him.
3. 아무리 맛있어도 이제 그만 먹어요.
[a-mu-ri ma-si-sseo-do i-je geu-man meo-geo-yo.]
= No matter how delicious it is, stop eating now.
4. 아무리 비싸도 제가 사 줄게요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 14
[a-mu-ri bi-ssa-do je-ga sa jul-ge-yo.]
= No matter how expensive it is, I’ll buy it for you.
5. 아무리 학생이라도 공부만 하는 건 아니에요.
[a-mu-ri hak-saeng-i-ra-do gong-bu-man ha-neun geon a-ni-e-yo.]
= Even if you are a student, you don’t always study.
= Even students don’t always study.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 15
Sometimes, you forget the name of someone, something, or some place. Sometimes you don’t
remember what someone else has said or on what date something happened. In those situa-
tions, you can say things like “What was it?”, “What was it again?”, “What was I going to say?”,
“Where were we going to meet tonight?”, etc. In this lesson, let’s take a look at how to say
those phrases in Korean.
Key structures
1. -더라? [-deo-ra?] (Only possible with casual language and monologue)
2. -았/(이)었/였지? [-at/-i-eot/-yeot-ji?] (Only possible with casual language and mono-

logue)
3. -았/(이)었/였죠? [-at/-i-eot/-yeot-jyo?] (Only possible with formal language)
Usage of “-더라?” (Only possible with casual language and monologue)

You can add -더라? at the end of the verb stem of an action verb to say “I forgot. What was it
that …”. But when you want to use -더라? with a noun, you need to change the noun into the
verb form by adding -이다.
→ Noun + -이다 (to be) + -더라?
But you can drop -이 when the noun ends with a vowel, therefore if a noun ends with a vowel
(such as 나무, 여자, 남자, 누구, etc), you can simply add -더라? at the end.
Examples
이거 누구 책이에요? [i-geo nu-gu chae-gi-e-yo?] = Whose book is this? / This is whose book?
→ 이거 누구 책이더라? [i-geo nu-gu chae-gi-deo-ra?]
= Whose book was this again? I forgot, whose book is this?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 15
효진 씨 생일이 언제예요? [hyo-jin ssi saeng-i-ri eon-je-ye-yo?] = When is Hyojin’s birthday?
효진 씨 생일이 언제더라? [hyo-jin ssi saeng-i-ri eon-je-deo-ra?]
= When was Hyojin’s birthday again? / When is Hyojin’s birthday? I forgot.
이거 어떻게 해요? [i-geo eo-tteo-ke hae-yo?] = How do you do this?
이거 어떻게 하더라? [i-geo eo-tteo-ke ha-deo-ra?]
= How do you do this? Can you tell me again?
Usage of “-았/(이)었/였지?” (Only possible with casual language and mono-

logue)
-였지? basically has the same usage and construction as -더라?. So you can change the end-
ings of all the sentences above to -였지.
이거 누구 책이더라? [i-geo nu-gu chae-gi-deo-ra?]
→ 이거 누구 책이었지? [i-geo nu-gu chae-gi-eot-ji?]
효진 씨 생일이 언제더라? [hyo-jin ssi saeng-i-ri eon-je-deo-ra?]
→ 효진 씨 생일이 언제였지? [hyo-jin ssi saeng-i-ri eon-je-yeot-ji?]
이거 어떻게 하더라? [i-geo eo-tteo-ke ha-deo-ra?]
→ 이거 어떻게 했지? [i-geo eo-tteo-ke haet-ji?]
The meanings are the same, but the latter (using -이었/였지?) has a slightly stronger nuance
toward the past tense.
Usage of “-았/(이)었/였죠?” (Only possible with formal language)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 15
-이었/였죠? is basically the same as -이었/였지? but is in the 존댓말 form. -이었/였죠? is origi-
nally just -이었/였지 + 요? but when pronounced fast and naturally, it becomes -죠 at the end.
Therefore you can use all the example sentences above with -죠? or -지요? at the end to make
the sentences more polite and formal.
Usage with -다고 and -라고

Since you can use -더라?, -이었/였지? and -이었/였죠? when checking with someone what
something is called, when something is scheduled, etc, you can often hear people say these
together with -다고 or -라고. This is because -다고 and -라고 are expressed in order to ‘quote’
someone.
이거 뭐였죠?
[i-geo mwo-yeot-jyo?]
= What was this again? / What is this? I forgot.
이거 뭐라고 했죠?
[i-geo mwo-ra-go haet-jyo?]
= What did you say this was?
More Sample Sentences

1. 석진 씨가 언제 온다고 했죠?
[seok-jin ssi-ga eon-je on-da-go haet-jyo?]
= When did you say Seokjin was going to come?
2. 석진 씨가 한국에 언제 왔죠?
[seok-jin ssi-ga han-gu-ge eon-je wat-jyo?]
LEVEL 7 LESSON 15
= When did Seokjin come to Korea? I forgot.
3. 석진 씨가 한국에 언제 오더라?
[seok-jin ssi-ga han-gu-ge eon-je o-deo-ra?]
= When is Seokjin coming to Korea? I forgot.
4. 이거 누구 거더라?
[i-geo nu-gu geo-deo-ra?]
= Whose is this? I forgot.
5. 이거 누구 거라고 했더라?
[i-geo nu-gu geo-ra-go haet-deo-ra?]
= You said this was whose?
6. 그 사람 이름이 뭐더라?
[geu sa-ram i-reu-mi mwo-deo-ra?]
= What was his name again?
= 그 사람 이름이 뭐였더라?
7. 내일 몇 시에 올 거라고 했죠?
[nae-il myeot si-e ol geo-ra-go haet-jyo?]
= What time did you say you were going to come tomorrow?
8. 이게 한국어로 뭐였죠?
[i-ge han-gu-geo-ro mwo-yeot-jyo?]
= What was this in Korean again?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 16
In this lesson, let us take a look at how to say things like “I said so!”, “I told you!”, “I told you
that this is...”, or “I said that I am ...” in Korean, repeating and emphasizing what you have al-
ready said before. In Korean, the key ending you need to use to express this is -다니까(
요)/-라니까(요). This is not only used to repeat what you have said before, but also to
make your point clear by emphasizing it one more time. For a review of how to say “I said that
I ...” in a more neutral tone, check out Level 6, Lesson 11.
Using -다니까(요) with Verbs

In the present tense, descriptive verbs and action verbs are followed by different endings.
After descriptive verbs, you just add -다니까(요).
Ex)
바쁘다 [ba-ppeu-da] = to be busy
바쁘 + 다니까요 [ba-ppeu-da-ni-kka-yo] = I told you I’m busy. / I said I’m busy.
- 바쁘다니까요! (polite/formal)
- 바쁘다니까! (casual)
After action verbs, you add -(느)ㄴ다니까(요). You add -는다니까(요) after a
verb stem ending with a consonant and -ㄴ다니까(요) after a verb stem end-
ing with a vowel.
Ex)
모르다 [mo-reu-da] = to not know
모르 + -ㄴ다니까요 [mo-reun-da-ni-kka-yo] = I told you I don’t know. / I said I don’t know.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 16
- 모른다니까요! (polite/formal)
- 모른다니까! (casual)
먹다 [meok-da] = to eat
먹 + -는다니까요 [meok-neun-da-ni-kka-yo] = I told you I am going to eat. / I said I’m eating.
- 먹는다니까요! (polite/formal)
- 먹는다니까! (casual)
In the past tense, both descriptive verbs and action verbs are followed by the
same suffixes, -았/었/였 and then -다니까(요).
Ex)
몰랐다니까요. [mol-lat-da-ni-kka-yo.] = I said I didn’t know.
벌써 다 했다니까요. [beol-sseo da haet-da-ni-kka-yo.] = I told you I already did it all.
진짜 맛있었다니까요. [ jin-jja ma-si-sseot-da-ni-kka-yo.] = I told you it was really delicious.
Using -(이)라니까(요) with Nouns

After nouns, you need to add -(이)라니까(요). You add -이라니까(요) after nouns ending with a
consonant and -라니까(요) after nouns ending with a vowel. Since the future tense is expressed
through “verb stem + -을 거” and the word 거 is a noun, the future tense is also followed by -
라니까(요).
Ex)
학생 [hak-saeng] = student
학생 + -이라니까요 [hak-saeng-i-ra-ni-kka-yo] = I said I’m a student.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 16
가다 [ga-da] = to go
갈 거예요 [gal geo-ye-yo] = I will go.
갈 거라니까요 [gal geo-ra-ni-kka-yo] = I told you I’m going to go.
Using -(으)라니까(요) with Imperative

With imperatives, you need to add -(으)라니까(요) after the verb stem. You add -으라니까(
요) after verb stems ending with a consonant and -라니까(요) after verb stems ending with a
vowel.
Ex)
보다 [boda] = to look
보 + -라니까(요) = I said look!
잡다 [ jap-da] = to grab
잡 + -(으)라니까(요) = I said grab it!
Sample Sentences
1. 빨리 오라니까요. [ppal-li o-ra-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said, come here quickly!
2. 알았다니까요! [a-rat-da-ni-kka-yo!]
= I said I got it!
= I said I understood!
3. 제가 안 했다니까요. [ je-ga an haet-da-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said I didn’t do it!
LEVEL 7 LESSON 16
4. 저는 죄가 없다니까요. [ jeo-neun joe-ga eop-da-ni-kka-yo.]
= I told you I’m innocent.
5. 혼자 갈 거라니까요. [hon-ja gal geo-ra-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said I’m going alone!
6. 저는 정말 몰랐다니까요. [ jeo-neun jeong-mal mol-lat-da-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said I really didn’t know.
7. 매일 운동한다니까요. [mae-il un-dong-han-da-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said I exercise everyday.
8. 다음달부터 열심히 공부할 거라니까요. [da-eum-dal-bu-teo yeol-si-mi gong-bu-hal geo-ra-
ni-kka-yo.]
= I said I’m going to study hard starting next month!
9. 그럴 수도 있다니까요. [geu-reol su-do it-da-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said it’s possible too.
10. 공부 좀 하라니까요. [gong-bu jom ha-ra-ni-kka-yo.]
= I said, “do some studying!”
LEVEL 7 LESSON 17
Let’s take a look at how to say “They say ...”, “I hear that ...”, or how to re-tell someone what
you’ve heard from someone else. There are mainly two ways of saying this in Korean, and we
are going to learn how to use the endings -(ㄴ/는)대(요) and -(이)래(요) in this lesson.
These endings might sound complicated, but in fact, they are just combinations of the grammar
points that you have already learned before.
In Level 5 Lesson 17, you learned the following grammar points:
-(ㄴ/는)다고
-(이)라고
These are used for quoting what someone has said and are also used with verbs related to
speech. In that lesson, the following sample sentences were introduced:
뭐라고 했어요? = What did they say?
내일 온다고 했어요. = They said they would come tomorrow.
언제 온다고 했어요? = When did they say they would come?
이거 재미있다고 들었어요. = I heard that this is fun.
You can make all of the above sentences shorter by using the endings -(ㄴ/는)대(요) and
-(이)래(요).
-(ㄴ/는)다고 해요 --> -(ㄴ/는)대요

-(이)라고 해요 --> -(이)래요
Although it’s basically the same thing, the latter forms are more commonly used in everyday
LEVEL 7 LESSON 17
spoken Korean because they are shorter and much easier to pronounce.
Construction
[Present Tense]
Action Verbs + -(느)ㄴ대요
Ex) 지금 간대요. (= They say they are going now.)
Descriptive Verbs + -대요
Ex) 바쁘대요. (= He says that he’s busy now.)
Nouns + -(이)래요
Ex) 친구래요. (= She says that he’s a friend.)
[Past Tense]
Action Verbs + -았/었/였대요
Ex) 어제 만났대요. (= I heard they met yesterday.)
Descriptive Verbs + -았/었/였대요
Ex) 아팠대요. (= I heard she was sick.)
Nouns + -이었/였대요
Ex) 학생이었대요. (= They say they were students.)
[Future Tense]
Action Verbs + -(으)ㄹ 거 + 래요
Ex) 내일 만날 거래요. (= He says he will meet them tomorrow.)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 17
Descriptive Verbs + -(으)ㄹ 거 + 래요
Ex) 추울 거래요. (= They say it will be cold.)
Nouns + -일 거 + 래요
Ex) 마지막일 거래요. (= They say it will be the last time.)
When you use the -(ㄴ/는)대요/-(이)래요 endings, you usually deliver a piece of information
that the other person doesn’t know, or that you think they don’t know. If you want to empha-
size the fact that YOU, at least, have heard something and it might not be the exact truth, you
need to use verbs such as “듣다 (= to hear)” and say “-다고/라고 들었어요”.
Sample Sentences
1. 이게 제일 좋대요.
[i-ge je-il jo-tae-yo.]
= They say that this is the best.
2. 여기 정말 유명하대요.
[yeo-gi jeong-mal yu-myeong-ha-dae-yo.]
= They say this place is really famous.
3. 몰랐대요.
[mol-lat-dae-yo.]
= He says he didn’t know.
4. 벌써 다 끝났대요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 17
[beol-sseo da kkeun-nat-dae-yo.]
= They say it has ended already.
5. 어딘지 모른대요.
[eo-din-ji mo-reun-dae-yo.]
= He says he doesn’t know where it is.
6. 이 사람 정말 유명한 사람이래요.
[i sa-ram jeong-mal yu-myeong-han sa-ra-mi-rae-yo.]
= They say this person is a very famous person.
7. 친구가 내일 이사 간대요.
[chin-gu-ga nae-il i-sa gan-dae-yo.]
= My friend says she’s moving tomorrow.
8. 제 친구가 한국에 올 거래요.
[ je chin-gu-ga han-gu-ge ol geo-rae-yo.]
= My friend says he will come to Korea.
9. 그 사람은 한국에 와 본 적이 없대요.
[geu sa-ra-meun han-gu-ge wa bon jeo-gi eop-dae-yo.]
= He says he’s never come to Korea.
10. 효진 씨는 어제도 집에 안 갔대요.
[hyo-jin ssi-neun eo-je-do ji-be an gat-dae-yo.]
= They say Hyojin, once again, didn’t go home yesterday.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 18
In the previous lesson, we learned how to say “They say …”, or “I hear that …” in Korean in order
to re-tell someone what you’ve heard from someone else. The structures used for saying these
are -(ㄴ/는)대(요) and -(이)래(요).
Let’s review a little bit.
1.
제 친구가 지금 바빠요. = My friend is busy now.
→ 제 친구가 지금 바쁘대요. = My friend says that she is busy now.
2.
이게 제일 좋은 거예요. = This is the best one.
→ 이게 제일 좋은 거래요. = They say that this is the best one.
And in this lesson, we are looking at the following structures:
1. -(ㄴ/는)다던데(요)
2. -(이)라던데(요)
Both of these are very similar to the structures introduced in the previous lesson. -(느)ㄴ다던데(
요) is similar to -(ㄴ/는)대(요) (from the first review sentence above) and -(이)라던데(요) is simi-
lar to -(이)래(요). Just like -(ㄴ/는)대(요) is an abbreviation of -(ㄴ/는)다고 해(요), -(ㄴ/는)다던데(
요) is an abbreviation of -(ㄴ/는)다고 하던데(요). The same applies to -(이)래(요) and -(이)라던데
(요).
Difference between -(ㄴ/는)대(요) and -(ㄴ/는)다던데(요)

Whereas -(ㄴ/는)대(요) is used to mainly just re-tell a story or deliver certain information, when
LEVEL 7 LESSON 18
you use -(ㄴ/는)다던데(요), you imply that you want some kind of reaction or response from
the listener.
지금 와요. = She’s coming now.
지금 온대요. = She says she’s coming now.
지금 온다던데요. = She says she’s coming now. (+ (ex) Should we wait?/What do you think?)
유명해요. = He’s famous.
유명하대요. = They say he’s famous.
유명하다던데요. = They say he’s famous. (+ (ex) But you said otherwise, right?)
* The same applies to -(이)래(요) and -(이)라던데(요).
학생이에요. = He’s a student.
학생이래요. = He says he’s a student.
학생이라던데요. = He says he’s a student. (+ (ex) What shall we do then?)
공원이에요. = They are at a park. / It is a park.
공원이래요. = They say they are at a park.
공원이라던데요. = They say they are at a park. (+ (ex) Shall we go there?)
Difference between -(ㄴ/는)다던데(요) and -(ㄴ/는)다는데(요)

There is a slight difference in nuance between -던데 and -는데, and it’s based on the fact that
-던 is usually associated with the past tense whereas -는 is associated with the present tense.
We are going to look at -던 in a more detail in a future lesson, so please just note the differ-
ence for now.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 18
지금 온다던데요. = They said that they would come here now.
지금 온다는데요. = They are saying that they will come here now.
유명하다던데요. = I heard that she’s famous.
유명하다는데요. = He is saying that she’s famous.
* The same applies to -(이)래(요), -(이)라던데(요) and -(이)라는데(요).
학생이라던데요. = They told me that they were students.
학생이라는데요. = They say that they are students.
공원이라던데요. = They said that they were at a park.
공원이라는데요. = They say that they are at a park.
Sample Sentences
1. 여기 위험하다던데요.
[yeo-gi wi-heom-ha-da-deon-de-yo.]
= I heard that this place is dangerous. (+ (ex) What do you think?)
2. 혼자 갈 거라던데요.
[hon-ja gal geo-ra-deon-de-yo.]
= She said she would go there alone. (+ (ex) Shall I talk to her again? / You can’t go with her.)
3. 그 사람도 모른다던데요.
[geu sa-ram-do mo-reun-da-deon-de-yo.]
LEVEL 7 LESSON 18
= He said that he doesn’t know either. (+ (ex) So why keep asking him?)
4. 벌써 다 끝났다던데요.
[beol-sseo da kkeut-nat-da-deon-de-yo.]
= They said that it was already all over. (+ (ex) There was nothing I could do.)
5. 한국에 겨울에 가면 많이 춥다던데요.
[han-gu-geo gyeo-u-re ga-myeon ma-ni chup-da-deon-de-yo.]
= I heard that it’s very cold in Korea if you go there in winter. (+ (ex) Perhaps you should pack
more clothes.)
LEVEL 7 LESSON 19
In this lesson, let’s take a look at how to make reported questions in Korean. Reported ques-
tions are questions within sentences such as, “I asked him when he was going to finish his
work”; “He asked me how old I was”; etc. In writing, you can quote the actual questions word
for word, but when you speak with others, it is more natural to form reported question sen-
tences. Let’s learn how to do that in Korean.
Construction
To make a reported question, you use the ending -냐고 [-nya-go] and add a question-related
word.
Verb stem + -냐고 + Question related word
Examples of question related words

1. 묻다 [mut-da] = to ask
2. 물어보다 [mu-reo-bo-da] = to ask
3. 말하다 [ma-ra-da] = to say
4. 질문하다 [ jil-mun-ha-da] = to ask a question
Examples of reported questions

1.
학생이에요?
= Are you a student?
→ 학생 + -이 (verb stem) + -냐고
→ 학생이냐고
→ 학생이냐고 물어봤어요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 19
= They asked me if I was a student. / I asked her if she was a student.
2.
뭐예요?
= What is it?
→ 뭐 + -이 (verb stem) + -냐고
→ 뭐(이)냐고 → 뭐냐고
→ 뭐냐고 물어봤어요.
= She asked what this is. / I asked what it is. / They asked what that is.
3.
누가 그렇게 말했어요?
= Who said so?
→ 누가 + 그렇게 + 말하 (verb stem) + -았/었/였 (past tense suffix) + -냐고
→ 누가 그렇게 말했냐고
→ 누가 그렇게 말했냐고 물었어요.
= I asked who said so. / They asked who said such a thing.
* After a noun, you need to add 이다 (= to be) to make it a verb, but when the noun ends with
a vowel and without the last consonant, you can omit -이. For example, 누구 is followed by 이
다, but when also followed by -냐고, it changes to 누구냐고 instead of 누구이냐고.
Sample Sentences
1. 몇 시에 올 거냐고 물어보세요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 19
[myeot si-e ol geo-nya-go mu-reo-bo-se-yo.]
= Ask him what time he will come here.
2. 왜 안 왔냐고 물어봤는데, 대답을 안 해요.
[wae an wat-nya-go mu-reo-bwat-neun-de, dae-da-beul an hae-yo.]
= I asked him why he didn’t come here, but he won’t answer.
3. 저한테 어디 가냐고 말했어요.
[ jeo-han-te eo-di ga-nya-go ma-rae-sseo-yo.]
= He asked me where I was going.
4. 저는 몇 살이냐고 물어보는 게 제일 싫어요.
[ jeo-neun myeot sa-ri-nya-go mu-reo-bo-neun ge je-il si-reo-yo.]
= I hate it the most when people ask me how old I am.
5. 저도 가야 되냐고 물어봐 주세요.
[ jeo-do ga-ya doe-nya-go mu-reo-bwa ju-se-yo.]
= Please ask them if I have to come along, too.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 20
more flexibly.
We will start off with THREE key sentences, and practice changing parts of these sentences so
that you don’t end up just memorizing the same three sentences. We want you to be able to
Key Sentence #1
어제 효진 씨를 만났는데, 머리를 빨간 색으로 염색했더라고요.
[eo-je hyo-jin ssi-reul man-nat-neun-de, meo-ri-reul ppal-gan sae-geu-ro yeom-sae-kaet-deo-
ra-go-yo.]
= I met Hyojin yesterday and I saw that she had dyed her hair red.
Key Sentence #2
경화 씨는 일 끝난 다음에 친구 만난대요.
[kyeong-hwa ssi-neun il kkeut-nan da-eu-me chin-gu man-nan-dae-yo.]
= Kyung-hwa says she is going to meet her friends after her work finishes.
Key Sentence #3
아무리 피곤해도 지금 자면 안 돼요.
[a-mu-ri pi-gon-hae-do ji-geum ja-myeon an dwae-yo.]
= No matter how tired you are, you shouldn’t sleep now.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 20
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어제 효진 씨를 만났는데, 머리를 빨간색으로 염색했더라고요.
= I met Hyojin yesterday and you know what, I saw that she had dyed her hair red.
1.
어제 효진 씨를 만났는데 = I met Hyojin yesterday, and you know what,
어제 친구들이랑 영화를 봤는데 = I saw a movie with my friends yesterday, and you know what,
저도 그 책 읽었는데 = I read that book too, and you know what,
석진 씨한테 물어봤는데 = I asked Seokjin, and you know what,
집에 가서 냉장고 문을 열었는데 = I went home and opened the refrigerator door, and you
know what,
2.
머리를 빨간색으로 염색했더라고요. = I saw that she had dyed her hair red.
사람이 정말 많더라고요. = (I saw that) there were so many people there.
이게 제일 좋더라고요. = (I know from my experience that) this one is the best.
정말 재미있더라고요. = I found it a lot of fun.
생각보다 어렵더라고요. = I found it more difficult than I had thought.
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LEVEL 7 LESSON 20
경화 씨는 일 끝난 다음에 친구 만난대요.
= Kyung-hwa says she is going to meet her friends after her work finishes.
1.
일 끝난 다음에 = after work finishes
책 다 읽은 다음에 = after you finish reading the book
영화 본 다음에 = after we watch the movie
이메일 답장 한 다음에 = after I reply to the email
집에 간 다음에 = after you go home
2.
친구 만난대요 = she says that she’s going to meet a friend
오늘 서울은 날씨가 춥대요. = I hear that the weather is cold in Seoul today.
경화 씨가 오늘 효진 씨 만날 거래요. = Kyung-hwa says that she will meet Hyojin today.
여기 스파게티 정말 맛있대요. = I hear that the spaghetti here is really delicious.
윤아 씨 오늘 바쁘대요. = Yoona says that she’s busy today.
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아무리 피곤해도 지금 자면 안 돼요.
= No matter how tired you are, you shouldn’t sleep now.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 20
1.
아무리 피곤해도 = no matter how tired you are
아무리 어려워도 = no matter how difficult it is
아무리 화가 나도 = no matter how upset you are
날씨가 아무리 추워도 = no matter how cold the weather is
책을 아무리 많이 읽어도 = no matter how many books you read
2.
지금 자면 안 돼요 = you shouldn’t sleep now
이거 잃어버리면 안 돼요 = you shouldn’t lose it
혼자 가면 안 돼요 = you shouldn’t go there alone
늦으면 안 돼요 = you shouldn’t be late
술 너무 많이 마시면 안 돼요 = you shouldn’t drink too much alcohol
LEVEL 7 LESSON 21
In the past few lesson, we have looked at various ways of making reported speech sentences.
In this lesson, let us take a look at the verb ending -(ㄴ/는)다잖아요/-라잖아요. We

introduced a similar ending, -잖아요, in Level 5 Lesson 27, which is used to express “Don’t you
see that …”, “Come on, isn’t it …”, etc. By adding the -(ㄴ/는)다/-라 before -잖아요, you add a
‘reported speech’ function to it.
Review of -잖아요
1. 석진 씨 지금 여기 없어요. = Seokjin is not here now.
→ 석진 씨 지금 여기 없잖아요. = Don’t you see that Seokjin is not here now?
2. 오늘 일요일이에요. = Today is Sunday.
→ 오늘 일요일이잖아요. = Come on, it’s Sunday.
Usage of -(ㄴ/는)다잖아요/-라잖아요
The construction is the same as in other structures that have -(ㄴ/는)다 or -라. In the present
tense, you add -ㄴ/는다 for action verbs and just -다 with descriptive verbs. With nouns, you
add -이 from 이다 and add -라.
The meaning of this structure is the combination of -(ㄴ/는)다고/-라고 (reported speech, quota-
tion) and -잖아요. Therefore, you can use this structure when you want to say “Don’t you see
that...” or “Come on …” while quoting someone.
Ex)
좋아요. = It’s good.
좋잖아요. = Come on, it’s good. / Isn’t it good?
좋다잖아요. = Come on, they say it’s good. / Come on, they say they like it.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 21
여기 없어요. = He’s not here.
여기 없잖아요. = Don’t you see he’s not here?
여기 없다잖아요. = Didn’t you hear them say he’s not here?
혼자 가요. = I go there by myself.
혼자 가잖아요. = You know I go there alone.
혼자 간다잖아요. = Don’t you hear me saying that I’m going there alone?
친구 만날 거예요. = He will meet a friend.
친구 만날 거잖아요. = You know he will meet a friend.
친구 만날 거라잖아요. = Come on, he says he will meet a friend.
Sample Sentences
1. 싫다잖아요. 하지 마세요.
[sil-ta-ja-na-yo. ha-ji ma-se-yo.]
= She says she doesn’t like it. Don’t do it.
2. 효진 씨 지금 바쁘다잖아요.
[hyojin ssi ji-geum ba-ppeu-da-ja-na-yo.]
= Come on, Hyojin says she is busy now.
= Don’t you hear Hyojin saying she’s busy now?
3. 실수였다잖아요. 용서해 줘요.
[sil-su-yeot-da-ja-na-yo. yong-seo-hae jwo-yo.]
= He says it was a mistake. Forgive him.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 21
4. 아니라잖아요. 왜 그 사람 말을 안 믿어요?
[a-ni-ra-ja-na-yo. wae geu sa-ram ma-reul an mi-deo-yo?]
= Don’t you hear him saying it’s not true? Why do you not believe what he says?
5. 맞다잖아요!
[mat-da-ja-na-yo!]
= You see? He says it’s true!
or 한자 [han-ja]. Though many of them are based on Chinese characters, the meanings can
be different from modern-day Chinese. Your goal, through these lessons, is to understand how
free!s
Today’s keyword is 정 .
The Chinese character for this is 定

. There are many other Chinese characters (or Hanja letters)
that are used for 정, so keep in mind that not all the words that have 정 in them have related
meanings.
The word 정 ( 定) is related to “to decide”, “to choose” or “to correct”.
결 (to decide) + 정 (to decide) = 결정 決定 [gyeol-jeong] = decision
인 (to recognize) + 정 (to decide) = 인정 認定 [in-jeong] = admitting, approval
예 (in advance) + 정 (to decide) = 예정 豫定 [ye-jeong] = scheduling, planning
확정 確定
확 (to harden, to solidify) + 정 (to decide) = [hwak-jeong] = confirma-
tion, finalization
일 (one) + 정 (to decide) = 일정 一定 fixed, regular, constant

[il-jeong] =
특정 特定
특 (special, particular) + 정 (to choose) = particular, spe- [teuk-jeong] =
cific
판정 判定
판 (to judge) + 정 (to decide) = [pan-jeong] = judgment, decision
설 (set) + 정 (to decide) = 설정 設定 [seol-jeong] = setting, set-up
가 (fake) + 정 (to decide) = 가정 假定 [ga-jeong] = supposition, assumption
정 (to decide) + 원 (member) = 정원 定員 [ jeong-won] = fixed member, capac-
ity
안정 安定
안 (comfortable) + 정 (to decide) = stability, calm [an-jeong] =
정 (to decide) + 기 (period) = 정기 定期 periodical, regular[ jeong-gi] =
정식 定式
정 (to decide) + 식 (manner, method) = formal, legal [ jeong-sik] =
정 (to decide) + 가 (price) = 정가 定價 fixed price, official price

[ jeong-ga] =
고정 固定
고 (to solidify, to harden) + 정 (to choose) = fixation, fas- [go-jeong] =
tening
LEVEL 7 LESSON 23
In this lesson, let us take a look at how to say “no matter whether” someone does something
or not. The verb ending you can use to say this in Korean is -(으)나마나 [-(eu)na-ma-da].
This is very similar to -아/어/여 봤자 (Level 7 Lesson 7), but the difference is that -아/어/여 봤
자 has a stronger nuance of “even if you go ahead and do it, you won’t achieve what you want”,
whereas -(으)나마나 is closer to “no matter whether you do it or not, the result is fixed”.
Construction
Verb stem + -(으)나마나
Ex) 먹다 → 먹 + -으나마나 = 먹으나마나
Ex) 보다 → 보 + -나마나 = 보나마나
Examples
보나마나, 이상할 거예요.
[bo-na-ma-na, i-sang-hal geo-ye-yo.]
= No matter whether you see it or not, (I’m sure) it will be strange.
= You don’t even have to see it. It will be strange.
Sometimes, -(으)나마나 is followed just by the -이다 verb in the form -(으)나마나예요.
보나마나예요.
[bo-na-ma-na-ye-yo.]
= You don’t even have to look at it. What you will see is fixed. I know what yoi will see.
= I don’t even have to bother to look at it. I know what I will see.
Sample Sentences
1. 물어보나마나 안 된다고 할 거예요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 23
[mu-reo-bo-na-ma-na an doen-da-go hal geo-ye-yo.]
= Whether you ask them or not, they will certainly say no.
2. 하나마나 똑같아요.
[ha-na-ma-na tto-kka-ta-yo.]
= No matter whether you do it or not, the result is the same.
3. 이야기를 하나마나 하나도 달라지는 게 없어요.
[i-ya-gi-reul ha-na-ma-da ha-na-do dal-la-ji-neun ge eop-seo-yo.]
= No matter whether you talk to him or not, nothing changes.
4. 보나마나 제가 일등이에요.
[bo-na-ma-na je-ga il-deung-i-e-yo.]
= No need to see. I’m the 1st place winner.
5. 이 책은 읽으나마나예요.
[i cha-geun il-geu-na-ma-na-ye-yo.]
= This book is worthless to read.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 24
In Level 6 Lesson 21 and 23, we looked at how the passive voice works in Korean. In this lesson,
let’s learn a structure you can use with the passive voice to say that something has been put
into a certain state and stays that way.
For example, the verb for “to put something somewhere” is 놓다 [no-ta]. The passive voice is 놓
이다 [no-i-da], so you can say 놓였어요 to say “it was put down (on the table/ground/etc)”.
Now, the following structure is used when you want to say that something is on the floor/table/
etc, but imply that it has been put down there by someone.
Passive Voice + -어 있다
= to have been put into a certain state (by someone) and stay that way
What’s the difference between “Passive Voice” and “Passive Voice + -어 있다”?
Passive voice describes that action as it gets done, where as passive voice + -어 있다 expresses
the state that the subject is in as a result of the passive action. This ‘resultant state’ structure is
more commonly used in Korean than in English, so things you can express in English with just
the passive voice are often expressed through this structure.
Examples
1.
잡다 = to catch
잡히다 = to be caught
잡혀 있다 = to be in custody, to have been caught and is still caught now
2.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 24
깨다 = to break
깨지다 = to be broken, to get shattered
깨져 있다 = to be in a broken state, somebody broke it and it’s still in that state
3.
켜다 = to turn on, to switch on
켜지다 = to be turned on, to be switched on
켜져 있다 = somebody turned it on and it’s still on
4.
쌓다 = to pile things up
쌓이다 = to be piled up
쌓여 있다 = to have been piled up (e.g. snow)
5.
열다 = to open
열리다 = to get opened
열려 있다 = to have been opened and stay open
**Note that you can’t use this structure with transitive verbs.
Sample Sentences
1. 문이 열려 있어요.
[mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo.]
= The door is open!
LEVEL 7 LESSON 24
2. 에어컨이 아직 켜져 있어요.
[e-eo-keo-ni a-jik kyeo-jyeo i-sseo-yo.]
= The airconditioning is still on.
3. 여기 사과가 한 개 놓여 있어요.
[yeo-gi sa-gwa-ga han gae no-yeo i-sseo-yo.]
= Somebody put an apple here.
= Here’s an apple.
4. 이 마을은 산으로 둘러쌓여 있어요.
[i ma-eu-reun sa-neu-ro dul-leo-ssa-yeo i-sseo-yo.]
= This town is surrounded by mountains.
5. 파란색으로 칠해져 있는 간판 보여요?
[pa-ran-sae-geu-ro chi-rae-jyeo it-neun gan-pan bo-yeo-yo?]
= Do you see the sign there that’s painted in blue?
LEVEL 7 LESSON 25
In the previous lesson (Level 7 Lesson 24), we looked at how you can combine the Passive Voice
form with -어 있다 to express a “resultant state”. In this lesson, we are looking at a similar, yet
fixed, structure using the verb 되다.
되다 = to become, to be done
되다 can be the verb “to become”, but it can also work as the passive voice of the verb 하다
and mean “to be done”.
-게 되다 = to get to do something, to gradually do something
-게 되다 (Level 4 Lesson 29) expresses how someone or something happens, comes to be in or
becomes a certain state
-게 되어 있다 = to be destined to do something, to be bound to be in a certain state
“Passive Voice + -어 있다” expresses a “resultant state” of things, therefore when you say -게 되
어 있다, you mean that something is “bound” to be in a certain state or “destined” to happen in
a certain way.
Examples
1.
알다 = to know
알게 되다 = to get to know,
알게 되어 있다 = to be in a situation where you are bound to know or find out
2.
보이다 = to be seen
보이게 되다 = to become visible
LEVEL 7 LESSON 25
보이게 되어 있다 = can’t help but be visible
3.
하다 = to do
하게 되다 = to get to do
하게 되어 있다 = to be bound to do, to have no other choice but to do
Sample Sentences
1. 공부는 정말 필요하면 열심히 하게 되어 있어요.
[gong-bu-neun jeong-mal pi-ryo-ha-myeon yeol-sim-hi ha-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= As for studying, if it’s really necessary, you are bound to study hard.
2. 아무리 게을러도, 손님이 오면 청소를 하게 되어 있어요.
[a-mu-ri ge-eul-leo-do, son-ni-mi o-myeon cheong-so-reul ha-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= No matter how lazy you are, you are bound to clean the house when a guest comes.
3. 아무리 바빠도, 데이트 시간은 생기게 되어 있어요.
[a-mu-ri ba-ppa-do, de-i-teu si-ga-neun saeng-gi-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= No matter how busy you are, you somehow always find time for dating.
4. 영원한 비밀은 없어요. 사람들이 알게 되어 있어요.
[yeong-won-han bi-mi-reun eop-seo-yo. sa-ram-deu-ri al-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= There is no eternal secret. People will eventually find out.
5. 재미있게 공부하면 성적도 좋아지게 되어 있어요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 25
[ jae-mi-it-ge gong-bu-ha-myeon seong-jeok-do jo-a-ji-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= If you have fun while studying, your grades are bound to get better.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 26
In this lesson, let us take a look at how to say “in addition to + V-ing” or “on top of + V-ing” in
Korean. The structure we are looking at is “-(으/느)ㄴ 데다가”.
How it is formed
“데” by itself means “a place” or “a spot” , but it is always attached another Korean word, like in
“아픈 데”, which means a place that hurts (on your body).
-(에)다가 means “adding to this” or “to this place” as in, “put it over here” (“여기에다가 놓으세
요”) or “I left it at home” (“집에다가 두고 왔어요”).
By adding 데 to -(에)다가 , 데다가 is formed, which means “on the place of...” or “adding to the
spot where...”. When -(으/느)ㄴ is used, it connects other verbs with 데다가. All together, -(으/느)
ㄴ 데다가 means “on top of …” or “in addition to …”
Construction
[Present tense]
Action verb + -는 데다가
Ex) 먹다 → 먹는 데다가
Descriptive verb + -(으)ㄴ 데다가
Ex) 예쁘다 → 예쁜 데다가
[Past tense]
Verb stem + -(으)ㄴ 데다가
Ex) 먹다 → 먹은 데다가
LEVEL 7 LESSON 26
Examples
1.
예쁘다 = to be pretty
예쁜 데다가 = in addition to being pretty
2.
바쁘다 = to be busy
바쁜 데다가 = in addition to being busy
3.
비싸다 = to be expensive
비싼 데다가 = in addition to being expensive
When using -(으/느)ㄴ 데다가 in a sentence, it is usually followed by a clause that is consistent
with the previous. Therefore, the two clauses in the sentence should be consistent with each
other, and -도 (also) is often used in the second clause.
Sample Sentences
1. 석진 씨는 잘생긴 데다가 키도 커요.
[seok-jin ssi-neun jal-saeng-gin de-da-ga ki-do keo-yo.]
= In addition to being handsome, Seokjin is also tall.
2. 효진 씨는 똑똑한 데다가 공부도 열심히 해요.
[hyo-jin ssi-neun ttok-tto-kan de-da-ga gong-bu-do yeol-ssi-mi hae-yo.]
= In addition to being smart, Hyojin studies hard too.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 26
3. 경은 씨는 예쁜 데다가 성격도 좋아요.
[gyeong-eun ssi-neun ye-ppeun de-da-ga seong-gyeok-do jo-a-yo.]
= In addition to being pretty, Kyeong-eun also has a nice personality.
4. 이 식당은 시끄러운 데다가 맛도 없어요.
[i sik-dang-eun si-kkeu-reo-un de-da-ga mat-do eop-seo-yo.]
= In addition to being noisy, this restaurant’s food is also not good.
5. 경화 씨는 친구가 많은 데다가 하는 일도 많아서 만나기 어려워요.
[gyeong-hwa ssi-neun chin-gu-ga ma-neun de-da-ga ha-neun il-do ma-na-seo man-na-gi eo-
ryeo-wo-yo.]
= In addition to having a lot of friends, Kyung-hwa also does lots of things, so it’s difficult to
meet her.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 27
In this lesson, let us take a look at how to say “as long as” in Korean. This is not the literal com-
parison of two things as in “A is as long as B” but the fixed expression “as long as + S + V” as
in “As long as you stay here, you are safe.” Let’s find out how to say this in Korean!
How to say AS LONG AS in Korean

There are a few ways to say this in Korean.
1. Verb stem + -기만 하면

(Original literal translation = “if + S + only + V”)
2. Verb stem + -(느)ㄴ 한

(Original literal translation = “within the boundaries where S + V”)
3. Verb stem + -지만 않으면

(Original literal translation = “only if + S + doesn’t + V”)
Examples
1. Verb stem + -기만 하면
(Original literal translation = “if + S + only + V”)
여기에 있기만 하면 괜찮아요.
[yeo-gi-e it-gi-man ha-myeon gwaen-cha-na-yo.]
= As long you are here, you’re fine.
재미있게 공부하기만 하면, 한국어 잘할 수 있어요.
[ jae-mi-it-ge gong-bu-ha-gi-man ha-myeon, han-gu-geo ja-ral su i-sseo-yo.]
= As long as you study Korean in a fun way, you can become good at Korean.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 27
2. Verb stem + -(느)ㄴ 한

(Original literal translation = “within the boundaries where S + V”)
** This form is a little more formal than the other forms.
제가 열쇠를 가지고 있는 한, 아무도 못 들어가요.
[ je-ga yeol-soe-reul ga-ji-go it-neun han, a-mu-do mot deu-reo-ga-yo.]
= As long as I have the keys, no one can go in.
3. Verb stem + -지만 않으면

(Original literal translation = “only if + S + doesn’t + V”)
너무 춥지만 않으면 갈게요.
[neo-mu chup-ji-man a-neu-myeon gal-ge-yo.]
= As long as it’s not too cold, I will go/come.
Sample Sentences
1. 비밀을 지키기만 하면 안전해요.
[bi-mi-reul ji-ki-gi-man ha-myeon an-jeo-nae-yo.]
= As long as you keep the secret, you’re safe.
2. 사람들이 너무 많이 오지만 않으면 괜찮아요.
[sa-ram-deu-ri neo-mu ma-ni o-ji-man a-neu-myeon gwaen-cha-na-yo.]
= As long as not too many people come here, it’s okay.
3. 깨지지만 않으면, 계속 쓸 수 있어요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 27
[kkae-ji-ji-man a-neu-myeon, gye-sok sseul su i-sseo-yo.]
= As long as it’s not broken, you can keep using it.
4. 살아있는 한, 저는 계속 공부를 할 거예요.
[sa-ra-it-neun han, jeo-neun gye-sok gong-bu-reul hal geo-ye-yo.]
= As long as I am alive, I will keep studying.
5. 음식이 맛있고 직원이 친절하기만 하면, 식당은 언젠가 유명해져요.
[eum-si-gi ma-sit-go ji-gwo-ni chin-jeo-ra-gi-man ha-myeon, sik-dang-eun eon-jen-ga yu-my-
eong-hae-jyeo-yo.]
= As long as the food is good and the staff are kind, a restaurant will get famous one day.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 28
In Level 6 Lesson 15, we looked at the structure -(이)라는 것, which can be used to express
what you think is the definition or the nature of something. You can do the same with verbs,
except with a slightly different structure.
Let’s review a little bit first.
Noun + -(이)라는 것
= What I call “Noun” is ...
= (I think that) “Noun” is …
Ex)
평화라는 것은 …
= (I think that) Peace is …
우정이라는 것은 …
= (In my opinion, the nature of) Friendship is …
And in order to express the same thing with verbs, you need to use the structure, -(ㄴ/는)다는
것.
Verb stem + -(ㄴ/는)다는 것

-(ㄴ/는)다는 것 originally comes from -(ㄴ/는)다고 하는 것, which means “the thing that is called
+ Verb” and it is used to express what you think the definition or the nature of a certain action/
state/verb.
Examples:
LEVEL 7 LESSON 28
배우다 = to learn
배우 + -ㄴ다는 것 --> 배운다는 것 = the act of learning
배운다는 것은 언제나 즐거운 일이에요. = Learning is always a pleasant thing to do.
살다 = to live
사 + -ㄴ다는 것 --> 산다는 것 = the act of living, life
외국에 산다는 것은 가끔 힘들 때도 있어요. = The nature of living overseas is that there are
sometimes hard times.
** Sometimes, -(ㄴ/는)다는 것 can be combined with the following particle and shortened to -(
느/는)다는 건 (combined with -은) or -(느/는)다는 게 (-이).
Ex)
하다 --> 한다는 것이 = 한다는 게
하다 --> 한다는 것은 = 한다는 건
Sample Sentences
1. 혼자 공부한다는 것은 생각만큼 쉽지 않아요.
[hon-ja gong-bu-han-da-neun geo-seun saeng-gak-man-keum swip-ji a-na-yo.]
= Studying alone is not as easy as you think.
2. 주말에도 회사에 가야 한다는 건 정말 슬픈 일이에요.
[ ju-ma-re-do hoe-sa-e ga-ya han-da-neun geon jeong-mal seul-peun i-ri-e-yo.]
= Having to go to work on the weekend is so sad.
3. 아이를 키운다는 건 참 힘든 일이에요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 28
[a-i-reul ki-un-da-neun geon cham him-deun i-ri-e-yo.]
= Raising a child is very tough.
4. 한국에서 유명한 가수가 된다는 건 정말 어려운 일이에요.
[han-gu-ge-seo yu-myeong-han ga-su-ga doen-da-neun geon jeong-mal eo-ryeo-un i-ri-e-
yo.]
= Becoming a famous singer in Korea is a very difficult thing.
5. 장학금을 받는다는 것은 정말 대단한 일이에요.
[ jang-hak-geu-meul bat-neun-da-neun geo-seun jeong-mal dae-da-nan i-ri-e-yo.]
= Receiving scholarship is (an) amazing (achievement).
LEVEL 7 LESSON 29
In this lesson, let us take a look at the verb ending -도록, which means “so that”, “in a way
that” or sometimes “to the point where” in Korean.
-도록 mainly has three usages:

1. The verb before -도록 can express the objective of the following verb.
2. The verb before -도록 can express the effect or the method leading to the following verb.
3. The verb before -도록 can express the extent or degree of the following state or action.
Usage 1 - Expressing the objective of the following verb
Ex)
지나가다 = to pass through
--> 사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요.
[sa-ram-deu-ri ji-na-ga-do-rok bi-kyeo-ju-se-yo.]
= Please step aside so that people can pass through.
이해하다 = to understand
--> 제가 이해할 수 있도록 설명해 주세요.
[ je-ga i-hae-hal su it-do-rok seol-myeong-hae ju-se-yo.]
= Please explain so that I can understand.
Usage 2 - Expressing the effect or the method leading to the following verb
Ex)
들리다 = to be heard
--> 다 들리도록 이야기해 주세요.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 29
[da deul-li-do-rok i-ya-gi-hae ju-se-yo.]
= Please talk in a way that everyone can hear you.
볼 수 있다 = to be able to see
--> 제가 볼 수 있도록 놓아 주세요.
[ je-ga bol su it-do-rok no-a ju-se-yo.]
= Please put it in a way that I can see it.
Usage 3 - Expressing the extent or degree of the following state or action
Ex)
아프다 = to be painful
--> 목이 아프도록 노래를 불렀어요.
[mo-gi a-peu-do-rok no-rae-reul bul-leo-sseo-yo.]
= I sang a lot, to the point where my throat hurt.
질리다 = to get sick of, to get tired of
--> 바나나를 질리도록 먹었어요.
[ba-na-na-reul jil-li-do-rok meo-geo-sseo-yo.]
= I ate so much banana that I got sick of it.
** Usage 1 and 2 overlap in some contexts and Usage 2 and 3 also overlap in some contexts.
Sample Sentences
1. 그 얘기는 귀가 아프도록 많이 들었어요.
[geu yae-gi-neun gwi-ga a-peu-do-rok ma-ni deu-reo-sseo-yo.]
LEVEL 7 LESSON 29
= I heard that story so often, almost to the point of my ears hurting.
2. 늦지 않도록 빨리 서두르세요.
[neut-ji an-to-rok ppal-li seo-du-reu-se-yo.]
= Hurry up so that you won’t be late.
3. 넘어지지 않도록 조심하세요.
[neo-meo-ji-ji an-to-rok jo-si-ma-se-yo.]
= Be careful so that you don’t fall over.
4. 제가 이해하기 쉽도록 설명했어요.
[ je-ga i-hae-ha-gi swip-do-rok seol-myeong-hae-seo-yo.]
= I explained it in a way that would be easy to understand.
5. 이 신발은 다 떨어지도록 자주 신었어요.
[i sin-ba-reun da tteo-reo-ji-do-rok ja-ju si-neo-sseo-yo.]
= I’ve worn these shoes so often, almost to the point where they are worn out.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 30
more flexibly.
We will start off with THREE key sentences, and practice changing parts of these sentences so
that you don’t end up just memorizing the same three sentences. We want you to be able to
Key Sentence #1
다른 사람들한테 물어보나마나, 제가 맞다고 할 거예요.
[da-reun sa-ram-deul-han-te mu-reo-bo-na-ma-na, je-ga mat-da-go hal geo-ye-yo.]
= Even if you ask other people, they will say I am right.
Key Sentence #2
이건 계속 연습하기만 하면 잘하게 되어 있어요.
[i-geon gye-sok yeon-seu-pa-gi-man ha-myeon ja-ra-ge doe-eo i-sseo-yo.]
= As long as you keep practicing this, you are bound to get good at it.
Key Sentence #3
여기는 날씨도 추운 데다가, 물가도 비싼 편이에요.
[yeo-gi-neun nal-ssi-do chu-un de-da-ga, mul-ga-do bi-ssan pyeo-ni-e-yo.]
= On top of being cold, here, the prices are rather high too.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEVEL 7 LESSON 30
다른 사람들한테 물어보나마나, 제가 맞다고 할 거예요.
= Even if you ask other people, they will say I am right.
1.
다른 사람들한테 물어보나마나 = (regardless of) whether you ask other people or not
확인해 보나마나 = (regardless of) whether you check or not
거기까지 가나마나 = (regardless of) wether you go all the way there or not
열심히 하나마나 = (regardless of) whether you work hard on it or not
사진을 많이 찍으나마나 = (regardless of) whether you take a lot of photos or not
2.
제가 맞다고 할 거예요. = They will say that I am right.
이게 제일 좋다고 했어요. = They said that this is the best one.
어렵지 않다고 했어요. = They said that it is not difficult.
혼자 간다고 했어요. = He said that he would go there alone.
바쁘다고 할 거예요. = They will say that they are busy.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
이건 계속 연습하기만 하면 잘하게 되어 있어요.
= As long as you keep practicing this, you are bound to get good at it.
LEVEL 7 LESSON 30
1.
이건 계속 연습하기만 하면 = as long as you keep practicing this,
중간에 그만두지만 않으면 = as long as you don’t quit in the middle
사람들이 계속 봐 주기만 하면 = as long as people keep watching it
손님이 계속 오기만 하면 = as long as customers keep coming
멀리 가지만 않으면 = as long as you don’t go far
2.
잘하게 되어 있어요. = You are bound to get better at it.
사람들이 알게 되어 있어요. = People will surely find out eventually.
다시 만나게 되어 있어요. = You are bound to meet again.
돌아오게 되어 있어요. = They will come back for sure.
해결되게 되어 있어요. = It is bound to be solved.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
여기는 날씨도 추운 데다가, 물가도 비싼 편이에요.
= On top of being cold, here, the prices are rather high too.
1.
여기는 날씨도 추운 데다가 = on top of being cold, this place ...
요즘 시간도 없는 데다가 = these days, on top of having no time,
아직 숙제를 다 못 한 데다가 = I haven’t finished all my homework yet, and on top of that,
어제 늦게 잠든 데다가 = I went to sleep late yesterday, and in addition to that,
LEVEL 7 LESSON 30
영어를 잘하는 데다가 = on top of speaking English well,
2.
물가도 비싼 편이에요. = The prices are rather high, too.
키도 큰 편이에요. = He is also quite tall.
분위기도 좋은 편이에요. = The atmosphere is also pretty nice.
일도 잘하는 편이에요. = He is quite good at what he does, too.
중국어도 잘하는 편이에요. = She speaks fairly good Chinese, as well.

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What are -(는)구나 and -(는)군요 and when are they used?

What are -(는)구나 and -(는)군요 and when are they used?

What are some examples of sentences using -(는)구나 and -(는)군요?

What are some examples of sentences using -(는)구나 and -(는)군요?

TalkToMeInKorean.

com - Free Korean Lesson Notes

When are they used?

surprised, but this depends on the intonation of your sentence.

여기 있었어요. [yeo-gi i-sseo-sseo-yo.] = It was here.

(존댓말) 여기 있었군요. [yeo-gi i-sseot-gun-yo.] = (I see that) it was here.

(반말) 여기 있었구나. [yeo-gi i-sseot-gu-na.] (same meaning as above)

생각보다 비싸요. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-yo.] = It’s more expensive than I thought.

(존댓말) 생각보다 비싸군요. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-gun-yo.] = (I see that) it is more expen-

sive than I thought.

(반말) 생각보다 비싸구나. [saeng-gak-bo-da bi-ssa-gu-na.] (save meaning as above)

(존댓말) 여기 사는군요. [yeo-gi sa-neun-gun-yo.] = (I see that) you live here.

(반말) 여기 사는구나. [yeo-gi sa-neun-gu-na.] = (same meaning as above)

Verb stem + -았/었/였구나

- Descriptive Verbs: Verb stem + -군요/구나

-(는)군요 and -(는)군

guage and more masculin.

= (I didn’t know before but I just realized that) this is delicious!

masculin and like written language.

and add -군요 or -구나.

More Sample Sentences

[yeo-gi jin-jja neolp-gu-na!]

= This place is so big!

= So this was what you were talking about!

[i-reo-ke ha-neun geo-gun-yo.]

= So this is how you do it!

= (I didn’t realize before but) it’s already November!

Verb stem + -(으/느)ㄴ 척 하다

Verb stem + -(으/느)ㄴ 체 하다

1. -(으/ㄴ)ㄴ = adjective ending

3. 하다 → 한 (past tense adjective form)

4. 먹다 → 먹은 (past tense adjective form)

Difference between 척 and 체

모르는 척, 조용히 나갔어요.

→ 갈 만하다 [gal man-ha-da]

→ 먹을 만하다 [meo-geul man-ha-da]

→ 늦을 만하다 [neu-jeul man-ha-da]

→ 놀랄 만하다 [nol-lal man-ha-da]

2. 그 사람은 인기가 있을 만해요.

Noun + -같이/처럼 = like + N, as + N

→ 종이처럼 가볍다 = to be light like paper

2. 그 사람은 한국어를 한국 사람처럼 잘해요.

-같이 and -같은

= The puppy looks like a bear.

2. 오늘은 일요일같은 월요일이에요.

3. 제 친구는 미국인인데 영어를 영국 사람처럼 해요.

4. 원하는 만큼 [won-ha-neun man-keum]

5. 필요한 만큼만 가져가세요.

How to say “as much as I’d like to...” in Korean

The word 원院 ( ) is related to “house” and “institute”.

대 (big) + 학 (study) + 원 (house) = 대학원 大學院 [dae-ha-gwon] = graduate school

병 (sickness) + 원 (house) = 병원 病院 [byeong-won] = hospital

원 (house) + 장 (head) = 원장 院長 [won-jang] = head of an organization or an

학 (study) + 원 (house) = 학원 學院 [ha-gwon] = private school, institute

연수 (training, education) + 원 (house) = 연수원 硏修院 [yeon-su-won] = training in-