WWTBUGSASS

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Wastewater Treatment Bugs Training Course $100.00

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I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved
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fully understand that this type of study program deals with dangerous, changing
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I affirm that I personally completed the entire text of the course. I also affirm that I
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Grading Information
In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores,
percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the
benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record
will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
Do not solely depend on TLC’s Approval list for it may be outdated.
A second certificate of completion for a second State Agency $50 processing fee.
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WWT Bugs Assignment 5/1/2018 TLC (866) 557-1746

Wastewater Treatment Bugs CEU Course Answer Key
Name___________________________________
Phone _________________________________
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your State. Did you check with your State agency to ensure this course is
accepted for credit? No refunds.
Method of Course acceptance confirmation. Please fill this section
Website __ Telephone Call___ Email____ Spoke to_________________________
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What is the approval number if Applicable? ____________________
You are responsible to ensure that TLC receives the Assignment and Registration Key.
Please call us to ensure that we received it.
You can use Adobe Acrobat DC Program to complete the assignment.
Please circle, underline, bold or X only one correct answer

1. A B C D E F 16. A B C D E F 31. A B C D E F

4

5

257. A B C D E F 279. A B C D E F
258. A B C D E F 280. A B C D E F
259. A B C D E F 281. A B C D E F
Please fax the answer key to TLC

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Always call to confirm that we received your paperwork.
This course contains general EPA’s CWA federal rule requirements. Please be
aware that each state implements wastewater/safety/environmental /building
regulations that may be more stringent than EPA’s regulations. Check with your
state environmental/health agency for more information. These rules change
frequently and are often difficult to interpret and follow. Be careful to not be in
non-compliance and do not follow this course for proper compliance.

Please e-mail or fax this survey along with your final exam
WASTEWATER TREATMENT BUGS

CEU TRAINING COURSE
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8

Wastewater Treatment Bugs
CEU Course Assignment
The Assignment (Exam) is also available in Word on the Internet for your
Convenience, please visit www.ABCTLC.com and download the assignment and e-
mail it back to TLC.
You’ll have 90 days from the start of this course to complete in order to receive your
Professional Development Hours (PDHs) or Continuing Education Unit (CEU). A score of
70 % is necessary to pass this course. We prefer if this exam is proctored. No intentional
trick questions. If you should need any assistance, please email all concerns and the
completed manual to [email protected].
We would prefer that you utilize the enclosed answer sheet in the front, but if you are unable
to do so, type out your own answer key. Please include your name and address on your
manual and make copy for yourself.
Multiple Choice, please select only one answer per question. There are no intentional
trick questions.
1. Which of the following terms is BOD, TSS, fecal coliform, oil and grease, and pH?
A. Daily Maximum Limitations D. Control Authority
B. Continuous Discharge E. Conventional Pollutants
C. Concentration-based Limit F. None of the Above
2. Which of the following terms is a State with an NPDES permit program approved
pursuant to section 402(b) of the Act and an approved State Pretreatment Program?
A. Approved State Pretreatment Program
B. Approved/Authorized State
C. Act or “the Act”
D. Approval Authority
E. Approved POTW Pretreatment Program or Program
F. None of the Above
3. Which of the following terms is a report submitted by categorical industrial users (CIUs)
within 180 days after the effective date of an applicable categorical standard?
A. Best Professional Judgment (BPJ)
B. Baseline Monitoring Report (BMR)
C. Best Management Practices (BMPs)
D. Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available (BPT)
E. None of the Above
4. Which of the following terms is a discharge of untreated wastewater from a combined

sewer system at a point prior to the headworks of a publicly owned treatment works?
A. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
B. Chronic
C. Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
D. Clean Water Act (CWA)

5. Which of the following terms is a program administered by a POTW that meets the
criteria established in 40 CFR Part 403?
A. Approved State Pretreatment Program
B. Approved/Authorized State
C. Act or “the Act”
D. Approval Authority
E. Approved POTW Pretreatment Program or Program
6. Which of the following terms is a record of each person involved in the possession of a
sample from the person who collects the sample to the person who analyzes the sample in
the laboratory?
A. Blowdown
B. Categorical Industrial User (CIU)
C. Bypass
D. Chain of Custody (COC)
7. Which of the following terms is a stimulus that lingers or continues for a relatively long
period of time, often one-tenth of the life span or more?
B. Chronic
D. None of the Above
8. Which of the following terms is the common name for the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act. Public law 92-500?
B. Chronic
D. Clean Water Act (CWA)
9. Which of the following terms is discharge that occurs without interruption during the
operating hours of a facility, except for infrequent shutdowns for maintenance, process
changes or similar activities?
A. Daily Maximum Limitations
B. Continuous Discharge
C. Concentration-based Limit
D. Control Authority
E. Conventional Pollutants
10. Which of the following terms is the maximum allowable discharge of pollutants during a
24-hour period?
A. Daily Maximum Limitations
B. Continuous Discharge
C. Concentration-based Limit
D. Control Authority
E. Conventional Pollutants
10

11. Which of the following terms is the minimum concentration of an analyte that can be
measured and reported with a 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero?
A. Detection Limit
B. Development Document
C. Dilute Wastestream
D. None of the Above
12. Which of the following terms is a combination of individual samples proportional to the
flow of the wastestream at the time of sampling.
A. Federal Water Pollution Control Act
B. Flow Weighted Average Formula (FWA)
C. Existing Source
D. Enforcement Response Plan
E. Flow Proportional Composite Sample
13. A sample which is taken from a wastestream on a one-time basis with no regard to the
flow of the wastestream and without consideration of time.
A. Grab Sample
B. Fundamentally Different Factors
C. General Prohibitions
D. Indirect Discharge or Discharge
Basic Wastewater Treatment Processes

14. Physical processes were some of the earliest methods to remove solids from
wastewater, usually by passing wastewater through screens to remove debris and solids. In
addition, solids that are heavier than water will settle out from wastewater by gravity.
A. True B. False
15. In wastewater treatment, particles with which of the following terms, float to the top of
water and can be removed.
A. Biosolid(s) D. Organic material
B. Activated Sludge E. Entrapped air
C. Chemical(s) F. None of the Above
Biological
16. Which of the following wastewater terms means - is a suspended growth process for
removing organic matter from sewage by saturating it with air and microorganisms that can
break down the organic matter?
A. Biosolid(s) D. Organic material
11

17. Which of the following wastewater terms involves treatment levels beyond secondary
treatment?
A. Oxygen D. Advanced Treatment
B. Carbon dioxide E. Physical separation step
C. Gravity F. None of the Above
18. Bacteria and other small organisms in wastewater consume organic matter in sewage,
turning it into new bacterial cells, -this missing term-, and other by-products.
A. Oxygen D. Secondary treatment
19. To remove organic material from wastewater, Scientists observed that -this missing
term- could be contained and accelerated in systems.
A. These natural processes D. Organic material
20. Masses of microorganisms grow and rapidly metabolize organic pollutants because of
the addition of -this missing term- to wastewater.
A. Oxygen D. Secondary treatment
Organic Matter
21. Which of the following wastewater terms can cause pollution; too much organic matter
in wastewater can be devastating to receiving waters?
A. Long chained compounds D. Wastewater-related source(s)
B. Biodegradable material(s) E. Supply of oxygen
C. Organic material(s) F. None of the Above
22. Large amounts of biodegradable materials can reduce or deplete -this missing term-in
the water needed by aquatic life.
A. Outbreaks of these diseases D. Graywater and blackwater
B. Supply of oxygen E. Oxygen
C. Organic compound(s) F. None of the Above
23. One of the measurements used to assess overall wastewater strength, the amount of
oxygen organisms needed to break down wastes in wastewater is referred to as the?
A. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) D. Wastewater-related source(s)
B. Biodegradable material(s) E. Oxygen
C. Organic material(s) F. None of the Above
24. Some organic compounds are more stable than others and cannot be quickly broken
down by organisms this is true of -this missing term-developed for agriculture and industry.
A. Most inorganic substances D. Graywater and blackwater
B. Organic material(s) E. Many synthetic organic compounds
C. Organic compound(s) F. None of the Above
12

25. Which of the following wastewater terms are toxic to humans, fish, and aquatic plants
and often are disposed of improperly in drains or carried in stormwater?
A. BOD D. Pesticides and herbicide(s)
B. Most inorganic substances E. Turbidtity
C. Nitrogen and phosphorus F. None of the Above
26. Two toxic -this missing term- like benzene and toluene are found in some solvents,
pesticides, and other products.
A. Nutrients from wastewater D. Excessive grease
B. Inorganic materials E. Organic compounds
C. Inorganic minerals F. None of the Above
Oil and Grease

27. Fatty organic materials from animals, vegetables, and petroleum are quickly broken
down by bacteria and can cause pollution in receiving environments.
A. True B. False
28. Which of the following wastewater terms also adds to the septic tank scum layer,
causing more frequent tank pumping to be required?
B. Inorganic materials E. Nitrogen and phosphorus
29. Which of the following wastewater terms used for motors and industry are considered
hazardous waste and should be collected and disposed of separately from wastewater?
B. Most inorganic substances E. Petroleum-based waste oil(s)
30. When large amounts of oils and greases are discharged, these increase -this missing
term-and they may float to the surface and harden, causing aesthetically unpleasing
conditions.
A. BOD D. Nitrogen and phosphorus
Inorganics
31. Which of the following wastewater terms - are relatively stable, and cannot be broken
down easily by organisms in wastewater?
A. Metals D. Pesticides and herbicide(s)
32. Extra treatment steps are often required to remove this term from industrial wastewater
sources.
A. Nutrients from wastewater D. BOD
B. Inorganic materials E. DON
13

33. According to the text, heavy metals can be discharged with many types of industrial
wastewaters are difficult to remove by conventional treatment methods.
A. True b. False
34. Which of the following wastewater terms - metals, and compounds, such as sodium,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc are common in
wastewater from both residential and nonresidential sources?
B. Inorganic materials E. Pesticides and herbicide(s)
Nutrients
35. Normally, excessive nutrients in receiving waters cause algae and other plants to grow
quickly adding oxygen in the water, because of this additional of oxygen, fish and other
aquatic life thrive.
A. True B. False
36. Which of the following wastewater terms - have also been linked to ocean "red tides"
that poison fish and cause illness in humans?
37. Which of the following wastewater terms - in drinking water may contribute to
miscarriages and is the cause of a serious illness in infants called methemoglobinemia or
"blue baby syndrome."
B. Most inorganic substances E. Nitrogen
C. Phosphorus F. None of the Above
38. According to the text, wastewater often contains large amounts of this term in the form
of nitrate and phosphate, which promote plant growth.
A. Nutrients from wastewater D. Nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus
39. Organisms only require small amounts of -this missing term-in biological treatment, so
there normally is an excess available in treated wastewater.
A. BOD D. Microorganisms
B. Most inorganic substances E. Nutrients
Solids
40. Which of the following terms must be treated, or they will clog soil absorption systems or
reduce the effectiveness of disinfection systems?
B. Organic material E. Suspended solids in wastewater
C. The solids F. None of the Above
14

41. Which of the following terms represents small particles of certain wastewater materials
can dissolve, like salt in water?
A. Suspended solids D. Microorganisms
B. Organic material E. Dissolved solids
42. Solid materials in wastewater can consist of this term and organisms.
B. Organic material E. Organic and/or inorganic materials
43. The solids must be significantly reduced by treatment or they can increase which of the
following terms when discharged to receiving waters?
C. BOD F. None of the Above
44. Settleable solids: Certain substances, such as sand, grit, and oxygen-demanding
substances settle out from the rest of the wastewater stream during the preliminary stages
of treatment.
A. True B. False
45. On the bottom of settling tanks and ponds, -this missing term-makes up a biologically
active layer of sludge that aids in treatment.
A. BOD D. Heavier organic and inorganic materials
46. Which of the following terms represents materials that resist settling may remain
suspended in wastewater?
47. Some dissolved materials are consumed by-this missing term-in wastewater.
48. Excessive amounts of dissolved solids in wastewater can have adverse effects on the
environment.
A. True B. False
Gases
49. Certain gases in wastewater can cause odors, affect treatment, or are potentially
dangerous.
A. True B. False
15

50. Methane gas, is a byproduct of this wastewater term and is highly combustible.
A. Dissolved oxygen D. Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD
B. Oxygen-demanding E. Anaerobic biological treatment
C. Magnesium hydroxide F. None of the Above
Pollutants, Oxygen-Demanding Substances

51. Which of the following terms is a key element in water quality that is necessary to
support aquatic life?
B. Oxygen-demanding E. Wastewater odor(s)
52. Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD is used to measure how well a sewage treatment
plant is working, it is a demand placed on the unnatural supply of pollutants in wastewater.
A. True B. False
53. If the effluent, the treated wastewater produced by a treatment plant, has a high content
of organic pollutants or ammonia, it will demand more oxygen from the water and leave the
water with less of this term to support fish and other aquatic life.
A. Slime bacteria D. The lack of oxygen
B. Wastewater odor(s) E. Oxygen
C. Hydrogen sulfide or H2S problem(s) F. None of the Above
54. Organic matter and this term are “oxygen-demanding” substances.

B. Ammonia E. Wastewater odor(s)
55. According to the text, oxygen-demanding substances are contributed by this term and
agricultural and industrial wastes.
A. Slime bacteria D. The lack of oxygen
B. Wastewater odor(s) E. Domestic sewage
C. Hydrogen sulfide or H2S problem(s) F. None of the Above
56. Oxygen-demanding substances are usually destroyed or converted to other compounds

by this term if there is sufficient oxygen present in the water.
B. Oxygen-demanding E. Bacteria
Pathogens
57. According to the text, modern disinfection techniques have greatly reduced the danger
of waterborne disease.
A. True B. False
16

Nutrients
58. Which of the following wastewater terms - are essential to living organisms and are the
chief nutrients present in natural water?
A. Oxygen D. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
B. Ecology E. Phosphorus and nitrogen
C. Nutrient enrichment F. None of the Above
59. Uncontrolled algae growth blocks out sunlight and chokes aquatic plants and animals
by depleting -this missing term-in the water at night.
A. Pathogen(s) D. Excessive growth of algae
B. Dissolved oxygen E. Phosphorus and nitrogen
60. According to the text, the release of nutrients in quantities that exceed the affected
waterbody’s ability to assimilate them results in a condition called?
A. Toxic D. Eutrophication or cultural enrichment
B. Ecology E. Oxygen and organic waste
61. Which of the following wastewater terms - do not remove the phosphorus and nitrogen
to any substantial extent?
A. Biofilm D. Conventional secondary biological treatment processes
B. Some contaminants E. Oxygen and organic waste
C. Secondary treatment F. None of the Above
62. According to the text, Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are essential to living
organisms and are the chief nutrients present in natural water.
A. True B. False
63. An excess of these nutrients over-stimulates the growth of water plants, the result
causes unsightly conditions, interferes with drinking water treatment processes, and causes
unpleasant and disagreeable tastes and odors in drinking water.
A. True B. False
64. Primarily -this missing term-but occasionally nitrogen, causes nutrient enrichment which
can result in excessive growth of algae.
A. Phosphorus D. Excessive growth of algae
B. Heavy metals E. Phosphorus and nitrogen
Thermal
65. Which of the following terms - reduces the capacity of water to retain oxygen?
A. Heat D. Excessive growth of algae
B. Heavy metals E. Phosphorus and nitrogen
17

66. Unchecked discharges of this term can seriously alter the ecology of a lake, a stream,
or estuary.
A. Toxic D. Eutrophication or cultural enrichment
B. Waste heat E. Phosphorus and nitrogen
67. According to the text, even discharges from wastewater treatment plants and storm
water retention ponds affected by winter can be released at temperatures below that of the
receiving water, and lower the stream temperature.
A. True B. False
Primary Treatment
68. The initial stage in the treatment of domestic wastewater is known as the bar screens.
A. True B. False
69. Coarse solids are removed from the wastewater in the primary stage of treatment. In
some treatment plants, -this missing term-may be combined into one basic operation.
A. Solid(s) D. Suspended growth process(es)
B. Finer debris E. Primary and secondary stages
C. Grit and gravel F. None of the Above
70. There are two basic stages in the treatment of wastes, RAS and WAS.
A. True B. False
71. The secondary stage uses this term to further purify wastewater.
A. Very fine solids D. Primary sludge
B. Biological processes E. Grit and screenings
C. Pollutant(s) F. None of the Above
Preliminary Treatment
72. After the wastewater has been screened, it may flow into a grit chamber where sand,
grit, cinders, and small stones settle to the bottom
A. True B. False
73. Especially in cities with combined sewer systems, removing the-this missing term-that
washes off streets or land during storms is very important.
B. Grit and gravel E. Grit and screenings
74. The Preliminary Treatment is a physical stage consisting of Coarse Screening, Raw
Influent Pumping, Static Fine Screening, Grit Removal, and Selector Tanks.
A. True B. False
75. Which of the following terms enters from the collection system into the Coarse
Screening process?
A. Solid(s) D. Raw wastewater
B. Finer debris E. Dissolved organic and inorganic constituents
18

76. Large amounts of this term entering a treatment plant can cause serious operating
problems, such as excessive wear of pumps and other equipment.
A. Solid(s) D. Grit and sand
77. In some plants, another finer screen is placed after the grit chamber to remove any
additional material that might damage equipment or interfere with later processes.
A. True B. False
Primary Sedimentation
78. Pollutants that are dissolved or are very fine and remain suspended in the wastewater
are easily removed effectively by gravity settling.
A. True B. False
79. When the wastewater enters a sedimentation tank, it slows down and the suspended
solids gradually sink to the bottom, this mass of solids is called?
B. Wastewater E. Grit and screenings
80. When the screening completed and the grit removed, wastewater is clear of dissolved
organic and inorganic constituents along with suspended solids.
A. True B. False
81. Which of the following wastewater treatment terms - consist of minute particles of matter
that can be removed from the wastewater with further treatment such as sedimentation or
gravity settling, chemical coagulation, or filtration?
B. Suspended solids E. Dissolved organic and inorganic constituents
Secondary Treatment
82. The wastewater enters from Preliminary Treatment into the clarifier process which is a
biological process consisting of large oval shaped basins that are capable of removing these
finer solids.
A. True B. False
83. Maintaining a population of microorganisms within the oxidation basins that consumes -
this missing term- and also adhere to the solids themselves.
A. Total Solids D. Elevated Hardness, Salty Taste, or Corrosiveness
B. TDS E. Wastewater temperature
C. Very fine solids F. None of the Above
84. Which of the following terms - form larger and heavier aggregates that can by physically
separated?
A. Solid(s) D. Finer solids
19

85. After this term has been through Primary Treatment processes, it flows into the next
stage of treatment called secondary.
B. Wastewater E. Grit and screenings
86. The two most common conventional methods used to achieve secondary treatment are:
this term and suspended growth processes.
A. Solid(s) D. Unsuspended growth process(es)
B. Finer debris E. Organic matter
C. Attached growth processes F. None of the Above
87. The Secondary Treatment stage consists of a biological process such as this term and
a physical process, Secondary Clarification.
A. Wildlife habitat D. Phosphorus-reduction system(s)
B. Oxidation Ditches E. Excessive sludge production
C. Denitrification F. None of the Above
88. The Preliminary Treatment stage removes as much -this missing term- as possible
using physical processes.
Secondary Clarification Process

89. The SCP provides quiescent (or calm) conditions which allow the larger aggregates of
solids and microorganisms to settle out for collection.
A. True B. False
90. In the SCP, the majority of microorganism-rich underflow (or lower layer) is re-circulated
to Tanks as Return Sludge to help sustain the microorganism population in the?
A. Trickling filter(s) D. Aerobic nitrification processes
B. Oxidation Ditches E. Recirculating sand filters (RSFs)
C. Nitrogen removal system(s) F. None of the Above
Lagoon Systems
91. Lagoon systems are shallow basins which hold the waste-water for several months to
allow for the natural degradation of sewage.
A. True B. False
92. Lagoon systems take advantage of -this missing term- and microorganisms in the
wastewater to renovate sewage.
A. Nitrogen removal system(s) D. Suspended film system(s)
B. Tertiary process E. Recirculating sand filters (RSFs
C. Natural aeration F. None of the Above
20

Other Important Wastewater Characteristics
93. One important wastewater characteristic that can affect public health and the
environment, as well as the design, cost, and?
A. Treatment processes D. The environment
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. Effectiveness of treatment
C. Quality of the water F. None of the Above
Temperature
94. The best temperatures for wastewater treatment probably range from 77 to 95 degrees
Fahrenheit.
A. True B. False
95. Biological treatment activity accelerates in warm temperatures and slows in cool
temperatures, but-this missing term- can stop treatment processes altogether.
A. Oxygen D. Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
B. High TSS E. Extreme hot or cold
C. Settling sediments F. None of the Above
96. Hot water is a byproduct of many manufacturing processes, is not a pollutant. When
discharged in large quantities, it can raise the temperature of receiving streams improving
the natural balance of aquatic life.
A. True B. False
pH
97. The acidity or alkalinity of wastewater affects both treatment and the environment.
A. True B. False
98. Low pH indicates increasing acidity while a low pH indicates increasing alkalinity.
A. True B. False
99. Which of the following terms of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect
organism?
C. pH F. None of the Above
100. Other substances and some acids can alter -this missing term- can inactivate
treatment processes when they enter wastewater from industrial or commercial sources.
Total Dissolved Solids

101. Pure water is tasteless, colorless, and odorless and is often called “the universal
solvent”.
A. True B. False
21

102. Which of the following wastewater terms - is a good solvent and picks up impurities
easily?
A. Treatment processes D. Wastewater
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. Water
103. Which of the following wastewater terms - refer to any minerals, salts, metals, cations
or anions dissolved in water?
B. TDS E. Dissolved solids
104. Which of the following wastewater terms - comprise inorganic salts and some small
amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water?
A. Treatment processes D. Both treatment and the environment
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. Universal solvent
105. TDS in drinking-water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial
wastewater, and chemicals used in the water treatment process.
A. True B. False
106. The total dissolved solids test provides a qualitative measure of the amount of
dissolved ions, but does not tell us the nature or ion relationships.
A. True B. False
107. Which of the following wastewater terms - has been due to natural environmental
features such as: mineral springs, carbonate deposits, salt deposits, and sea water
intrusion?
108. Which of the following wastewater terms – is the concentration of the sum of the
cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) ions in the water?
A. Treatment processes D. Both treatment and the environment
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. Universal solvent
109. The TDS test does not provide us insight into the specific water quality issues, such
as: Elevated Hardness, Salty Taste, or?
A. Total Solids D. Corrosiveness
22

Total Solids
110. Which of the following wastewater terms –refers to matter suspended or dissolved in
water or wastewater, and is related to both specific conductance and turbidity?
111. Which of the following wastewater terms –is used for material left in a container after
evaporation and drying of a water sample?
A. Treatment processes D. Total solids
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. pH
112. Which of the following wastewater terms –includes both total suspended solids, the
portion of total solids retained by a filter and total dissolved solids?
B. TDS E. Wastewater
113. Which of the following wastewater terms – can be measured by evaporating a water
sample in a weighed dish, and then drying the residue in an oven at 103 to 105° C?
A. Treatment processes D. Total Suspended solids
B. Total dissolved solids (TDS) E. Wastewater
114. The increase in weight of the dish represents the total solids. Instead of total solids,
laboratories often measure total suspended solids and/or total dissolved solids.
A. True B. False
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

115. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids in water that can be trapped by a filter.
A. True B. False
116. Which of the following wastewater terms – can also cause an increase in surface
water temperature, because the suspended particles absorb heat from sunlight?
B. High TSS E. Suspended sediment
117. When suspended solids settle to the bottom of a water body, they can smother the
eggs of fish and aquatic insects, as well as suffocate newly hatched insect larvae.
A. True B. False
118. Which of the following wastewater terms – can fill in spaces between rocks which
could have been used by aquatic organisms for homes?
B. High TSS E. Suspended sediment
23

119. Which of the following wastewater terms – can include a wide variety of material, such
as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes, and sewage?
A. Total Solids D. TSS
B. TDS E. Wastewater
120. Which of the following wastewater terms – can block light from reaching submerged
vegetation?
A. Total Solids D. Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
B. TDS E. High TSS
121. Wastewater treatment plants are designed to function as "microbiology farms," where
bacteria and other microorganisms are fed oxygen and organic waste.
A. True B. False
122. If light is completely blocked from bottom dwelling plants, the plants will stop producing
oxygen and will die.
A. True B. False
123. Estimating this term for centralized treatment systems is a complicated task, especially
when designing a new treatment plant in a community where one has never existed
previously.
A. Peak flow(s) D. This can increase flow(s)
B. Flow volume(s) E. Original design load
C. Additional flows F. None of the Above
124. Engineers must allow for this term during wet weather due to inflow and infiltration of
extra water into sewers.
A. Peak flow(s) D. This can increase flow(s)
125. Which of the following terms - can enter sewers through leaky manhole covers and
cracked pipes and pipe joints, diluting wastewater?
A. Peak flow(s) D. Excess water
126. The main focus of wastewater treatment plants is to reduce this term in the effluent
discharged to natural waters, meeting state and federal discharge criteria.
A. BOD and COD D. Soluble nutrients
C. Secondary treatment effluent F. None of the Above
127. Treatment of wastewater usually involves this term such as the activated sludge
system in the secondary stage after preliminary screening.
A. Biological processes D. Application-specific microbiology
B. Activated sludge system E. Pretreatment and pollution prevention
C. Advanced treatment technologies F. None of the Above
24

128. These secondary treatment steps that harness natural self-purification processes
contained in bioreactors for the biodegradation of organic matter and bioconversion of -this
missing term- in the wastewater.
A. Biofilm D. Soluble nutrients
C. Secondary treatment effluent F. None of the Above
Water Quality Criteria

129. The Clean Water Act directs the EPA to develop criteria for water quality that
accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge about the effects of pollutants on aquatic life
and human health.
A. True B. False
130. The Clean Water Act and the EPA includes specific information on the concentration
and dispersal of pollutants through biological, physical, and chemical processes as well as
the effects of pollutants on biological communities as a whole.
A. True B. False
Human Health Criteria

131. EPA scientists research information to determine the levels at which specific chemicals
are not likely to adversely affect water quality standard(s).
A. True B. False
Aquatic Life Criteria

132. Allowable concentrations provide protection for plants and animals that are found in
surface waters.
A. True B. False
133. Allowable concentrations are designed to provide protection for both freshwater and
saltwater aquatic organisms from the effects of acute (short term) and chronic (long term)
exposure to potentially harmful chemicals.
A. True B. False
134. Which of the following wastewater treatment terms - are based on toxicity information
and are developed to protect aquatic organisms from death, slower growth, reduced
reproduction, and the accumulation of harmful levels of toxic chemicals in their tissues that
may adversely affect consumers of such organisms?
A. Aquatic life criteria D. Concentration of pollutant(s)
B. Water pollutant(s) E. A pollutant level
C. Water quality standard(s) F. None of the Above
Biological Criteria
135. A water body in its natural condition is free from this term, habitat loss, and other
negative stressors.
A. Allowable concentrations D. Acute (short term) and chronic (long term)
B. Harmful effects of pollution E. Human health and aquatic life criteria
C. In a healthy aquatic community F. None of the Above
25

136. The EPA is developing methodologies that states can use to assess the biological
integrity of their waters and, in so doing, set protective?
A. Toxic pollutant(s) D. Biological treatment(s)
B. Food chain E. Water quality standards
C. Biological integrity F. None of the Above
137. These methodologies will describe scientific methods for determining a particular
aquatic community's health and for maintaining optimal conditions in?
A. Allowable concentrations D. Various bodies of water
B. Water quality E. Human health and aquatic life criteria
C. A healthy aquatic community F. None of the Above
Summary
138. Biological wastewater treatment goals are to remove the non-settling solids and the
dissolved organic load from the effluents by using microbial populations.
A. True B. False
139. Biological treatments are generally part of secondary treatment systems.

A. True B. False
140. The microorganisms used are responsible for the degradation of ths term and the
stabilization of organic wastes.
A. Allowable concentrations D. Organic matter
B. Water quality E. Human health and aquatic life criteria
C. In a healthy aquatic community F. None of the Above
141. Some of the micro-organisms present in wastewater treatment systems use the
_____________ of the wastewater as an energy source to grow?
A. Toxic pollutant(s) D. Biological treatment(s)
B. Food chain E. Organic content
C. Biological integrity F. None of the Above
Genera
142. In a single aerobic system, members of the genera Pseudomonas, Nocardia,
Flavobacterium, Achromobacter and Zooglea may be present, together with filamentous
organisms.
A. True B. False
143. In a well-functioning system, protozoas and rotifers are usually present and are useful
in consuming dispersed __________ or non-settling particles.
A. Bacteria D. Suspended growth processes
B. Attached growth processes E. Food-to-microorganism ratio, F/M
C. Protozoas and rotifers F. None of the Above
144. The organic load present is incorporated in part as represented by this term by the
microbial populations, and almost all the rest is liberated as gas.
A. Biological denitrification D. Biomass
B. Organic load E. Aerobic and facultative micro-organisms
C. Bacteria F. None of the Above
26

145. Unless the cell mass formed during the biological treatment is removed from the
wastewater the treatment is largely incomplete, because the biomass itself will appear as
organic load in the effluent and the only pollution reduction accomplished is that fraction
liberated as gases.
A. True B. False
146. The biological treatment processes used for wastewater treatment are broadly
classified as aerobic in which aerobic and facultative micro-organisms predominate or
anaerobic which use?
A. Biological denitrification D. Nitrogen and phosphorus
B. Organic load E. Aerobic and facultative micro-organisms
C. Anaerobic micro-organism F. None of the Above
147. Which of the following terms means the micro-organisms that are attached to a surface
over which they grow are called "attached growth processes"?
A. Carbonaceous BOD D. Suspended growth processes
C. Protozoans and rotifers F. None of the Above
Aerobic Processes
148. The most common aerobic processes are: activated sludge systems, lagoons, trickling
filters and rotating disk contactors.
A. True B. False
149. Which of the following terms are used to degrade carbonaceous BOD?
C. Activated sludge processes F. None of the Above
150. Which of the following terms are usually designed from pilot plant and laboratory
studies?
A. Biological denitrification D. Nitrogen and phosphorus
B. Organic load E. Activated sludge plants
151. Which of the following terms is the amount of food provided to the bacteria in the
aeration tank (the food-to-microorganism ratio, F/M)?
C. Mean cell residence time (MCRT) F. None of the Above
Wastewater and Pretreatment Compliance Monitoring

152. There are two types of -this missing term-that are performed as part of
compliance monitoring for permitted industries: unscheduled and demand.
A. Discharge concentrations D. Sampling activities
B. Pollutants of concern E. Manual collection of grab samples
C. Plant sampling activity F. None of the Above
27

153. Which of the following terms - is used to determine the compliance status of the
user?
A. Flow-proportional sampling D. Composite and grab samples
B. POTW samples E. Unannounced monitoring visits
C. Unscheduled sampling F. None of the Above
154. Instances of noncompliance are often identified during unannounced monitoring

visits. No notice is given for this type of sampling. This type of sampling is performed
two to four times a year, at each industrial user site, over a two to five-day period to
obtain sampling data
A. True B. False
155. Which of the following terms - is usually initiated in response to a known or

suspected violation?
A. An analysis D. Taste test
B. Split samples E. Demand sampling
C. Duplicate samples F. None of the Above
156. The length of the sampling program depends on the flow, nature of the wastes,
and type of samples, typically, -this missing term- are collected at each user site.
B. POTW samples E. Unannounced smell tests
C. BOD and SS levels F. None of the Above
Nonpermitted Industrial Users (User Rate Charge Program) Policy Example

157. On a periodic basis (i.e., once every two to three years), commercial and minor
industrial users are sampled to determine?
A. Discharge concentrations D. Discharge concentrations of various pollutants
B. Pollutants of concern E. Manual collection of grab samples
C. Plant sampling activity F. None of the Above
158. Typical types of users which may be sampled include: restaurants, photo
processing laboratories, laundries, car washes, and printing shops. A three- to four-day
sampling program is usually conducted at each assigned site.
A. True B. False
Wastewater Treatment Plant Sampling

159. POTW samples are collected in accordance with the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit which sets discharge limits for certain pollutants
and specifies sampling frequencies and?
B. Split samples E. Sample types
160. The POTW is responsible for coordinating the plant sampling activity with
laboratory personnel who prepare any special sampling bottles and laboratory
appurtenances necessary to complete the?
B. POTW samples E. Sampling objectives
28

161. Which of the following terms - are preferred over time composite samples
particularly where the monitored discharge is intermittent or variable?
B. POTW samples E. Flow-proportional composite samples
162. Desired analyses dictate the preparation protocols, equipment, and collection
bottles to use to avoid contamination of samples or loss of pollutants through improper
collection.
A. True B. False
163. Sampling for such pollutants as-this missing term-, flashpoint, and volatile organic
compounds require manual collection of grab samples.
A. The sampling point(s) D. Routine QA/QC measures
B. Sample preservation E. pH, cyanide, oil and grease
POTW’s Wastewater Samples

General
164. Hand compositing is a series of time proportional grab samples which are
collected and composited by hand.
A. True B. False
165. Generally, there are four types of samples that are collected by the POTW’s
Sampling Section: grab, time proportional composites, flow proportional composites,
and hand composites.
A. True B. False
166. Which of the following terms - used depends largely on the types of analyses to
be run, and the nature of the wastestream being sampled?
B. The sampling method E. Blanks
167. Which of the following sampling terms - is an individual sample collected in less
than 15 minutes without regard for flow or time of day.
A. Entire batch discharge D. An individual sample
B. The volume of sample E. Proportional composite sampling
C. A grab sample F. None of the Above
168. pH, cyanide, oil and grease, sulfide, and volatile organics must be collected as
composite samples.
A. True B. False
169. Which of the following sampling terms - would then be taken by means of time
proportional composite sampling methods or by hand composite will provide a
representative sample of the effluent being discharged?
A. An analysis D. Samples
B. Split samples E. Blanks
29

170. Which of the following sampling terms - to be collected by any of these methods is
dependent on the number and types of analyses that must be performed.
C. Concentration of pollutants F. None of the Above
Wastewater Grab Samples

171. Grab samples are individual samples collected in less than 3 minutes without
regard to flow or time of day.
A. True B. False
172. Which of the following sampling terms - are normally taken manually, but can be
pumped?
A. Quantify the pollutants D. Time proportional composite sampling methods
B. Grab samples E. Flow proportional composites
C. Hand composites F. None of the Above
A grab sample is usually taken when a sample is needed to:

173. Provide information about -this missing term-of pollutants at a specific time.
B. The volume of sample E. An instantaneous concentration
174. According the text, quantify the -this missing term-in a non-continuous discharge?
A. Pollutants D. Taste test
175. According the text, corroborate -this missing term- if the waste is not highly
variable.
C. Composite samples F. None of the Above
176. Which of the following sampling terms - not amenable to compositing such as pH,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorine, purgeable organics and sulfides, oil and
grease, coliform bacteria, and sulfites?
A. Quantify the pollutants D. Monitor parameters
Timed Composites
177. Which of the following sampling terms - are usually taken in instances where the
intention is to characterize the wastes over a period of time without regard to flow?
A. Timed samples D. Time proportional composite sampling methods
30

178. Which of the following sampling terms - consist of a series of equal volume grab
samples taken at regular intervals?
A. Timed composite samples D. Time proportional composite sampling methods
Flow Proportional Composites

179. Which of the following sampling terms - consist of: a series of grab samples
whose volumes are equal in size and proportion to the flow at the time of sampling?
A. The sampling point(s) D. Routine QA/QC measures
B. Sample preservation E. Flow proportional composite samples
180. Which of the following sampling terms - are taken at varying time intervals, or
continuous samples taken over a period of time based on the flow?
B. The volume of sample E. Samples
181. Wherever possible, grab sampling is recommended because it most accurately

reflects the nature of the wastestream.
A. True B. False
Wastewater Sample Preservation

182. One or more unstable pollutants that require immediate analysis or preservation
until -this missing term- can be made.
183. According the text, sample preservation is needed for-this missing term-, for
example, which may be stored for as long as 24 hours prior to transferring them to the
laboratory.
A. Nitrified effluent D. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels
B. Composite samples E. Activated sludge
C. Total Nitrogen (TN) F. None of the Above
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Policy Example

184. According the text, Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) measures taken
by the sampling crew include equipment blanks, trip blanks, split samples and duplicate
samples.
A. True B. False
Chain-of-Custody
185. The collection, preservation and transportation of -this missing term- and all
documentation is critical to the overall success of the Wastewater Sampling Program.
A. True B. False
31

Proper Sample Handling
186. The proper handling of -this missing term- also includes wearing gloves.
A. Other parameters D. Some samples
B. Pre-preserved bottles E. Water quality samples
C. Preservatives F. None of the Above
187. When the missing term are received from the laboratory, check to see that none
have leaked.
B. Pre-preserved bottles E. Containers and preservatives
188. Which of the following wastewater sampling terms – should be labeled with type
of preservative used, type of analysis to be done and be accompanied by a Safety
Data Sheet (SDS).
A. Sampling crew D. Sampling bottles
B. Duplicate samples E. Noncompliant industrial user
C. Pre-preserved bottles F. None of the Above
189. Make sure you can tell if containers are pre-preserved, because you do not to
overfill them when collecting samples in the field.
A. True B. False
190. Check with the laboratory about -this missing term- when using pre-preserved
bottles.
B. Quality control procedures E. Organics
Field Parameters
191. Be sure to measure and record the field parameters of temperature, electrical
conductivity, pH and -this missing term- in an undisturbed section of stream flow.
A. Nitrified effluent D. Dissolved oxygen
B. Nitrogen E. Activated sludge
C. Total Nitrogen (TN) F. None of the Above
Dissolved Oxygen
192. Aerobic means without air and some bacteria thrive under these conditions and utilize
the nutrients and chemicals available to exist.
A. True B. False
193. At least two general forms of bacteria act in balance in a wastewater digester:
Saprophytic organisms and?
A. Methane Fermenters D. Butyric acid fermenters
B. DO fermenters E. Aerobic fermenters
C. Carbon dioxide fermenters F. None of the Above
194. The saprophytes exist on dead or decaying materials.

A. True B. False
32

195. The methane fermenting bacteria require a pH range of 6.6 to 7.6 to be able to live
and reproduce.
A. True B. False
196. Aerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to live and thrive.

A. True B. False
197. Aerobes decompose inorganics in the water, the result is carbon dioxide and H2SO4.
A. True B. False
198. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is considered a contaminant.

A. True B. False
199. Dissolved oxygen level is important because too much or not enough dissolved oxygen
can create?
A. Unfavorable conditions D. Frequent dissolved oxygen measurement
B. DO analysis E. Aerobic conditions
C. Carbon dioxide F. None of the Above
200. A lack of Dissolved oxygen in natural waters creates?

A. Anaerobic conditions D. Phosphorus-reduction system(s)
B. Methane fermenters E. Excessive sludge production
201. Which of the following wastewater terms – live on the volatile acids produced by these
saprophytes?
A. Wildlife habitat D. Phosphorus-reduction system(s)
B. Methane fermenters E. Excessive sludge production
202. Which of the following wastewater terms – indicate that dissolved oxygen is present.
A. Sample(s) D. Frequent dissolved oxygen measurement
B. DO analysis E. Aerobic conditions
C. Carbon dioxide F. None of the Above
Sludge Volume Index (SVI)

203. The higher the (SVI), the better is the settling quality of the aerated mixed liquor, low
(SVI) of 50 or less is considered a good settling sludge.
A. True B. False
204. The Sludge Volume Index (SVI) of activated sludge is defined as the volume in
milliliters occupied by -this missing term- after settling for 30 minutes.
A. A closed loop D. Trickling filter FFSs
B. 1g of activated sludge E. A portion of the denitrified effluent
C. Optimal DO levels F. None of the Above
33

Microorganisms in Lagoons
205. Swimming and ______________engulf bacteria or other prey.
A. Strict aerobes D. Heterotrophic bacteria
B. Predators E. Gliding ciliates
206. Which of the following bugs or terms attach to the biomass and vortex suspended
bacteria into their gullets, while crawlers break bacteria loose from the floc surface?
A. Treatment organism(s) D. Floc-forming bacteria
B. Aerobic bacteria E. Filamentous bacteria
C. Stalked ciliate(s) F. None of the Above
207. The omnivores, such as most of these bugs, eat whatever is readily available, while
these creatures on the floc or prey on larger organisms. Microorganisms are directly affected
by their treatment environment.
B. Worms E. Many bacterial species
208. The following changes in food, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, total dissolved
solids, sludge age, presence of toxins, and other factors create a dynamic environment for
the?
209. Food (organic loading) regulates?

B. Predators E. Many bacterial species
C. Microorganism numbers F. None of the Above
Aerobic Bacteria
210. Three bacteria groups occur: freely dispersed, single bacteria; floc-forming bacteria;
and filamentous bacteria. All function similarly to oxidize organic carbon to produce CO2
and new bacteria.
A. True B. False
211. Which of the following bugs or terms which occur are similar to those found in other
treatment processes such as activated sludge?
212. Which of the following bugs or terms that degrade wastes grow as single bacteria
dispersed in the wastewater?
34

213. Which of the following bugs or terms, grow in a large aggregate due to exocellular
polymer production?
214. Growth form is important as these flocs degrade ____________and settle at the end
of the process, producing a low TSS effluent.
A. Anaerobic action D. Aerobic bacteria
B. Absence of free oxygen E. Application-specific bacteria
C. BOD F. None of the Above
215. Which of the following terms occur in lagoons, usually at specific growth
environments?
C. A number of filamentous bacteria F. None of the Above
216. Which of the following bugs or terms have a wide range in environmental tolerance
and can function effectively in BOD removal over a wide range in pH and temperature?
A. Strict aerobes D. Most heterotrophic bacteria
217. Anaerobic BOD removal generally proceeds well from pH 6.5 to 9.0 and at
temperatures from 3-4oC to 60-70°C (Aerobic bacteria are replaced by Mesophilic bacteria
at temperatures above 35°C).
A. True B. False
218. BOD removal increases rapidly below 3-4°C and ceases at 1-2°C.
A. True B. False
219. A very specialized group of bacteria occurs to some extent in lagoons (and other
wastewater treatment systems) that can oxidize ammonia via nitrite to nitrate, termed?
C. Nitrifying bacteria F. None of the Above
Aerated lagoons
220. The aerated lagoons are basins, normally excavated in earth and operated without
Solids recycling into the system. This is the major difference with respect to activated sludge
systems.
A. True B. False
221. Two types are the most common: The Aerobic-anaerobic or partially suspended
lagoon in which the concentration of solids and dissolved oxygen are maintained fairly
uniform and neither the incoming solids nor the biomass of microorganisms’ settle, and the
completely mixed lagoon.
A. True B. False
35

222. In the facultative lagoons, the power input is reduced causing accumulation of solids in
the bottom which undergo_______________, while the upper portions are maintained
aerobic.
A. Facultative lagoon(s) D. Odors
B. Anaerobic decomposition E. Complete nitrification
C. Aerated lagoon(s) F. None of the Above
Nitrification
223. Nitrosomonas europaea, which oxidizes ammonia to nitrite, and Nitrobacter
winogradskyi, which oxidizes nitrite to nitrate.
A. True B. False
224. Which of the following bugs require a neutral pH and substantial alkalinity?
A. Nitrifying bacteria D. Aerobic bacteria
B. Methane forming bacteria E. Anaerobic, heterotrophic bacteria
C. Two bacteria F. None of the Above
225. Nitrification ceases at pH values above pH 9 and declines markedly at pH values

below 7.
A. True B. False
226. Nitrification is a major pathway for nitrogen removal in lagoons.

A. True B. False
227. Nitrifying bacteria exists in low numbers in lagoons, they prefer attached growth
systems and/or?
C. High MLSS sludge systems F. None of the Above
Anaerobic Bacteria
228. Which of the following bugs or related terms commonly occur in lagoons are involved
in methane formation and in sulfate reduction?
C. Only two bacteria F. None of the Above
229. Anaerobic methane formation involves _____________bacteria.

A. Three different groups of anaerobic D. Organic overloading conditions
B. Methane fermentation E. Acid-forming bacteria
C. Methane bacteria F. None of the Above
230. Which of the following bugs or related terms many genera of anaerobic bacteria
hydrolyze proteins, fats, and polysaccharides present in wastewater to amino acids?
C. General anaerobic degraders F. None of the Above
36

Photosynthetic Organisms
231. Which of the following bugs or related terms - this diverse group of bacteria converts
products from above under anaerobic conditions to simple alcohols and organic acids?
A. BOD and sulfate D. Organic overloading and anaerobic conditions
232. Which of the following bugs or related terms these bacteria convert formic acid,
methanol, methylamine, and acetic acid under anaerobic conditions to methane?
C. General anaerobic degraders F. None of the Above
233. A problem exists at times where the acid formers overproduce organic acids, lowering
the pH below where the methane bacteria can function (a pH < 6.5). This can stop methane
formation and lead to a buildup of sludge in a lagoon with a low pH. In an anaerobic
fermenter, this is called a "stuck digester".
A. True B. False
234. Which of the following bugs or related terms are environmentally sensitive and have a
narrow pH range of 6.5-7.5 and require temperatures > 14o C.
235. Which of the following bugs or related terms that the products of these bugs become
the substrate for the methane producers?
C. Acid formers (principally acetic acid) F. None of the Above
236. Which of the following bugs or related terms ceases at cold temperature?
237. Which of the following bugs or related terms can use sulfate as an electron acceptor,
reducing sulfate to hydrogen sulfide?
C. Sulfate reducing bacteria F. None of the Above
238. Which of the following bugs or related terms is a major cause of odors in ponds?
A. Sulfate reduction D. Organic overloading and anaerobic conditions
37

239. Which of the following bugs or related terms and represented by about 28 genera,
oxidize reduced sulfur compounds using light energy to produce sulfur and sulfate?
C. Red and green sulfur bacteria F. None of the Above
240. Which of the following bugs or related terms, which can grow in profusion and give a
lagoon a pink or red color?
A. Chromatium, Thiocystis, and Thiopedia D. Organic overloading
241. According to the text, conversion of odorous sulfides to sulfur and sulfate by these
bugs is a significant odor control mechanism in facultative and anaerobic lagoons.
B. Sulfur bacteria E. Acid-forming bacteria
Protozoans and Microinvertebrates

242. Many higher life forms (animals) develop in lagoons. These include protozoans and
microinvertebrates such as rotifers, daphnia, annelids, chironomids, and mosquito larvae.
A. True B. False
243. Which of the following bugs or related terms best describe the most common higher
life forms in lagoons with about 250 species identified in lagoons to date?
A. Mosquitoes D. Rotifers and daphnia
B. Bacteria and algae E. Culex tarsalis
C. Protozoans F. None of the Above
244. Which of the following bugs or related terms best describe important at controlling
algal overgrowth and these often "bloom" when algal concentrations are high?
B. Bacteria and algae E. Culex tarsalis
245. Which of the following bugs or related terms best describe relatively slow growing and
only occur in systems with a detention time of >10 days?
B. Bacteria and algae E. Microinvertebrates
246. The requirement for a minimum lagoon bank slope and removal of shoreline
vegetation by most regulatory agencies is based on the public health need to reduce
mosquito vectors.
A. True B. False
38

Activated Sludge Methods
Organic Load
247. The organic load (generally coming from primary treatment operations such as settling,
screening or flotation) enters the reactor where the active microbial population is present.
The reactor must be continuously aerated.
A. True B. False
248. The mixture then passes to a settling tank where the cells are settled. The treated
wastewater is disinfected while the secondary settling and is recycled in part to the
aeration basin.
A. True B. False
249. According to the text, as the cells are retained longer in the system, the flocculating
characteristics of the cells improve since they start to produce extra cellular slime that
favors?
A. Secondary settling D. Organic load
B. High degradation rate E. Settled biomass
C. Flocculating F. None of the Above
Common Types
250. The most common types of activated sludge are the conventional and the continuous
flow stiffed tank, in which the contents are completely mixed. In the conventional process,
the wastewater is circulated along the aeration tank, with the flow being arranged by baffles
in plug flow mode. The oxygen demand for this arrangement is maximum at the inlet as is
the organic load concentration.
A. True B. False
Paramecium sp.
251. Which of the following bugs is a medium to large size (100-300 μm) swimming ciliate,
commonly observed in activated sludge, sometimes in abundant numbers?
A. Shelled amoeba(s) D. Stalked ciliate
B. Euglypha E. Paramecium
C. Vorticella F. None of the Above
252. Which of the following bugs is uniformly ciliated over the entire body surface with
longer cilia tufts at the rear of the cell.
253. Paramecium may also be seen paired up with another __________________ which
makes a good diagnostic key.
39

Vorticella sp.
254. Which of the following bugs feeds by producing a vortex with its feeding cilia?
255. According to the text, if treatment conditions are bad, for example, low DO or toxicity,
_______________ will leave their stalks.
B. Euglypha E. Ciliate
Euglypha sp.
256. Which of the following bugs spines may be single or in groups of two or three?
257. The shell of this bug is often transparent, allowing the hyaline (watery) body to be seen
inside the shell.
A. Euglypha D. Euchlanis
B. Shelled amoeba(s) E. Spirochaetes
C. Rotifer(s) F. None of the Above
258. Which of the following bugs are common in soil, treatment plants, and stream bottoms
where decaying organic matter is present?
Euchlanis sp.
259. Euchlanis is a swimmer, using its foot and cilia for locomotion. In common with other
rotifers, it has a head rimmed with cilia, a transparent body, and a foot with two strong
swimming toes.
A. True B. False
260. This microscopic animal is a typical?

261. Which of the following bugs is an omnivore, meaning that its varied diet includes
detritus, bacteria, and small protozoa?
40

262. Which of the following bugs has a glassy shell secreted by its outer skin?
263. A characteristic of this creature is their mastax?

264. According to the text, Euchlanis is commonly found in?

A. Biofilm bacteria D. Activated sludge
B. Filamentous bacteria E. An omnivore
C. Some bacteria F. None of the Above
Bacteria Section
265. Bacteria come in a variety of shapes. The simplest shape is a round sphere or ball.
Bacteria formed like this are called Cocci (singular coccus). The next simplest shape is
cylindrical. Cylindrical bacteria are called rods (singular rod).
A. True B. False
266. Some bacteria are rods but instead of being straight they are twisted, bent or curved,
sometimes in a?
A. Cocci D. Spiral
B. Rods E. Spirochaetes
C. Balls F. None of the Above
267. Which of the following terms is tightly coiled up bacteria?

A. Cocci D. Spiral
B. Rods E. Spirochaetes
C. Balls F. None of the Above
268. When bacteria live in chains, one after the other, they are called _______________ -
these often have long thin cells.
B. Filamentous bacteria E. An omnivore
269. Many bacteria exist as this term and the study of biofilms is very important.
A. Filamentous Bacteria D. Either anaerobic or aerobic conditions
B. A biofilm E. Anaerobic to aerobic state
C. Application-specific bacteria F. None of the Above
Filamentous Bacteria
270. Which of the following terms are a type of bacteria that can be found in a wastewater
treatment system?
B. Facultative E. Anaerobic to aerobic state
41

271. According to the text, filamentous Bacteria function similar to ___________since they
degrade BOD quite well.
B. Filamentous bacteria E. Floc forming bacteria
272. According to the text, filaments are _______________that grow in long thread-like
strands or colonies.
A. Bacteria D. Bacteria and fungi
B. Facultative Bacteria E. Anaerobic to aerobic state Bacteria
Site Specific Bacteria

273. Aeration and biofilm building are the key operational parameters that contribute to the
efficient degradation of organic matter (BOD/COD removal).
A. True B. False
Facultative Bacteria
274. Most of the bacteria absorbing the organic material in a wastewater treatment system
are facultative in nature, meaning they are adaptable to survive and multiply in either
anaerobic or aerobic conditions.
A. True B. False
275. According to the text, usually, facultative bacteria will be ___________ unless there is
some type of mechanical or biochemical process used to add oxygen to the wastewater.
A. Anaerobic D. Aerobic
C. Facultative bacteria F. None of the Above
Anaerobic Bacteria
276. Which of the following terms live and reproduce in the absence of free oxygen?
B. Anaerobic bacteria E. Application-specific bacteria
277. In order to remove a given amount of organic material in an anaerobic treatment

system, the organic material must be exposed to a ________________ and/or detained for
a much longer period of time.
B. Absence of free oxygen E. Significantly higher quantity of bacteria
278. A typical use for these bugs would be in a septic tank.

A. Filamentous organisms D. Anaerobic bacteria
B. Floc particles E. Biosurfactant trehalose
C. Organic material F. None of the Above
42

279. Which of the following terms or bugs release hydrogen sulfide as well as methane gas,
both of which can create hazardous conditions?
B. Anaerobic bacteria E. Anaerobic to aerobic state
Aerobic Bacteria
280. Aerobic bacteria live and multiply in the presence of free oxygen.
A. True B. False
281. Facultative bacteria always achieve an aerobic state when oxygen is present.
A. True B. False
282. The metabolism of aerobes is much higher than?

B. Anaerobes E. Application-specific bacteria
283. The by-products of _______________ are carbon dioxide and water.

Protozoans and Metazoans

284. In a wastewater treatment system, the next higher life form above bacteria is?
A. Nematodes and rotifers D. Protozoan and metazoan
B. Metazoan(s) E. Aerobic floc
C. Protozoan(s) F. None of the Above
285. Which of the following terms or bugs are also indicators of biomass health and effluent
quality?
A. Organic material D. Biomass health and effluent quality
B. Protozoans E. Aerobic flocs
C. Macroinvertebrates F. None of the Above
286. Which of the following terms or bugs are very similar to protozoans except that they
are usually multi-celled animals?
B. Metazoan(s) E. Aerobic floc
287. Which of the following terms or bugs are typically found only in a well-developed
biomass?
B. Metazoan(s) E. Macroinvertebrates
43

288. Which of the following terms or bugs and the relative abundance of certain species
can be a predictor of operational changes within a treatment plant?
A. Nematodes and rotifers D. Protozoans and metazoans
B. Metazoan(s) E. Macroinvertebrates
Dispersed Growth
289. Dispersed growth is material suspended within the activated sludge process that has
not been adsorbed into the floc particles. This material consists of very small quantities of
colloidal (too small to settle out) bacteria as well as organic and inorganic particulate
material.
A. True B. False
290. According to the text, while a small amount of ______________between the floc
particles is normal, excessive amounts can be carried through a secondary clarifier.
A. Denitrification process D. Dispersed growth
B. Organic material E. Anaerobic sludge
C. Bulking sludge F. None of the Above
Activated Sludge Aerobic Flocs

291. Aerobic flocs in a healthy state are referred to as activated sludge. While aerobic floc
has a metabolic rate approximately 10 times higher than anaerobic sludge, it can be
increased even further by exposing the bacteria to an abundance of oxygen.
A. True B. False
292. Wastewater treatment efficiencies and removal levels are so much improved that
additional downstream treatment components are?
A. Denitrification process D. Insufficient aeration in the reactor
B. Organic material E. Dramatically reduced or totally eliminated
Problems may appear during the operation of activated sludge systems, including:
293. Which of the following terms’ content in clarified effluent, which may be due to too high
or too low solids retention time and to growth of filamentous microorganisms?
A. Organic material D. Biomass health and effluent quality
B. High solids E. Aerobic flocs
C. Macroinvertebrates F. None of the Above
294. Which of the following wastewater treatment related terms occurrswhen sludge that
normally settles rises back to the surface after having settled?
B. Organic material E. Rising sludge
295. Which of the following wastewater treatment related terms that which settles too slowly
and is not compactable, and caused by the predominance of filamentous organisms?
B. Organic material E. Anaerobic sludge
44

Filamentous Organisms
296. Which of the following wastewater treatment related terms reach too high a
concentration, they can extend dramatically from the floc particles?
A. Filamentous organisms D. Process control variation
B. Floc particles E. Biosurfactant trehalose
C. Organic material F. None of the Above
Filamentous Bacteria Identification

297. Filamentous Identification should be used as a tool to monitor the health of the
biomass when a floating scum mat is suspected.
A. True B. False
298. The foam from Nocardia amarae is usually a _____________ unless algae are
entrapped in it, in which case it appears green and brown.
A. Viscous brown color D. Gram-positive, chemoautotrophic, filamentous
B. Staining gram-positive E. Disruptive foaming
C. Mixotrophic F. None of the Above
299. Nostocoida can also be identified by their starburst effect formations using phase
contrast microscopy at 400 to 1000x magnification. After chlorination, a few dead cells
sticking out identify stress to this species.
A. True B. False
300. According to the text, Thiothrix II produces rectangular filaments up to 200 microns in
length and is easily identified by their _______________using phase contrast microscopy at
400 to 1000x magnification.
A. Stain gram-negative D. Starburst effect formations
B. Not casease E. Multicellular rigid filaments
C. Slower growing filaments F. None of the Above
45

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Basic Wastewater Treatment Processes

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Oil and Grease

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