CEU Training Course $200.00: Chemical Contaminants 201

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Chemical Contaminants 201 CEU Training Course $200.00

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Chemical Contaminants 201 ASS 3/1/2018 (928) 468-0665 Fax (928) 272-0747
Chemical Contaminants 201Answer Key
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1. A B C D E F 17. A B C D E F 33. A B C D E F
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Chemical Contaminants Ass 3/1/2018 TLC (928) 468-0665
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5
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357. A B C D E F 379. A B C D E F
358. A B C D E F 380. A B C D E F
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CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS 201
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Chemical Contaminants 201 CEU Training Course Assignment
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Inorganic Chemical Introduction

1. Which of the following terms - in biological systems incorporates carbohydrates into the
molecular structure?
A. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) D. Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL)
B. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) E. Organic compounds
C. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) F. None of the Above
2. Which of the following terms - are rather simple chemicals present in ground water?
3. Which of the following terms - are dissolved from the rock/soil which make up the aquifer
or water-bearing rock formations below the soil surface?
A. Presence of a carbon atom D. Inorganic compounds
B. Atmospheric CO2 E. Minerals
C. Typical examples F. None of the Above
4. Organic chemists traditionally refer to any molecule containing carbon as an organic

compound and by default this means that ___________________deals with molecules
lacking carbon.
B. Atmospheric CO2 E. Carbon
C. Inorganic chemistry F. None of the Above
5. Which of the following terms - that have been metabolically incorporated into living
tissues persist in decomposing tissues?
A. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) D. Organic matter
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6. The distinction between inorganic and organic compounds is not always clear when
dealing with open and closed systems, some view the open environment (i.e., the
ecosphere) as an extension of life and from this perspective may consider atmospheric CO2
as?
B. An organic compound E. Carbon
7. Which of the following terms - may be introduced into ground water by human activities?
B. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) E. Compounds
8. Water purveyors need to test for 30 different ________________ including all arsenic,
barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, and thallium
9. Which of the following terms - these are once living, or are living and can bring life to
cells?
10. Which of the following terms - these were never living, without carbon and cannot bring
life to cells?
SOC Section
SOC Introduction
11. EPA has set Maximum Contaminant Levels for 30 ______________ under the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
12. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that all water sources of all public water systems
be periodically monitored for regulated?
12
13. Which of the following terms - are very persistent in the environment, whether in soil or
water?
14. Which of the following terms - or "blue baby syndrome" from ingestion of elevated levels
of nitrate or nitrite?
A. Methemoglobinemia D. Elevated levels of nitrate or nitrite
B. Most contaminants E. Chemical compounds
C. Three contaminant groups F. None of the Above
15. All public water systems must monitor for?

A. Valuable Organic Compounds (VOCs) D. Maximum Constant Levels (MCL)
B. Synthesis Organic Chemicals (SOCs) E. Nitrate and Nitrite
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

VOCs Explained
16. Which of the following terms - are organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at
ordinary, room-temperature conditions?
17. Which of the following terms - _______ are of VOCs?.

A. 3 organic chemicals D. Elevated odors
B. Most scents or odors E. Substances
C. Five contaminant groups F. None of the Above
18. Which of the following terms - are regulated by law, especially indoors, where
concentrations are the highest.
A. Anthropogenic VOCs D. Benzene
B. Aqueous solvents E. Methylene chloride
C. VOCs F. None of the Above
Specific Components
Paints and Coatings
19. Which of the following terms - are required to spread a protective or decorative film.
Approximately 12 billion liters of paints are produced annually?
A. Solvents D. Cleaning products
B. VOC E. Carbon monoxide
C. Benzene F. None of the Above
13
Chlorofluorocarbons and Chlorocarbons
20. Which of the following terms - which are banned or highly regulated, were widely used
cleaning products and refrigerants?
Benzene
21. One VOC that is a known human carcinogen?
B. VOC E. Carbon
22. Which of the following terms - evaporates into the air quickly and the vapor of benzene
is heavier than air allowing the compound to sink into low-lying areas?
23. Which of the following terms - has also been known to contaminate food and water and
if digested can lead to vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, rapid heartbeat?
A. Mother-in-law D. Benzene
B. Aqueous solvents E. Sodium chloride
C. TOCs F. None of the Above
Methylene Chloride
24. Which of the following terms - is converted to carbon monoxide and a person will suffer
the same symptoms as exposure to carbon monoxide?
A. Solvent D. Methylene chloride
Perchloroethylene
25. Perchloroethylene is a Volatile organic compound that has been linked to causing
cancer in animals. It is also suspected to cause many of the breathing related symptoms of
exposure to VOC’s.
A. True B. False
26. To avoid exposure to perchlorothylene, if a _______________is coming from clothing

when picked up from the dry cleaner.
A. Perchloroethylene D. Strong chemical odor
B. Organic chemical E. Furry creature
C. VOC F. None of the Above
MTBE
27. MTBE was used as an octane booster and?
A. Formaldehyde D. Oxygenated-additive
B. FDE E. Organic chemicals
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Formaldehyde
28. Many building materials such as paints, adhesives, wall boards, and ceiling tiles slowly
emit?
A. Perchloroethylene D. Sounds
B. Organic chemicals E. Formaldehyde
Health Risks
29. Which of the following terms -are important in the creation of smog?
A. Formaldehyde D. Perchloroethylene
B. MT E. Organic chemicals
Health effects include:

30. Which of the following terms - can cause cancer in animals; some are suspected or
known to cause cancer in humans?
A. Perchloroethylene D. Some organics
B. Organic chemicals E. Water
Reducing Exposure
31. Use products with ____________ in well ventilated areas.
A. Formaldehyde D. Perchloroethylene
B. MTBE E. Organic chemicals
32. Architects and engineers implement best practices in ventilation and mechanical
systems, the owner must maintain good _______________ thereafter.
A. Perchloroethylene free homes D. Dinner parties
B. Organic chemicals free homes E. Relationships
C. VOCs free clothes F. None of the Above
33. Allotropy or allotropism is the property of _______________to exist in two or more

different forms, known as allotropes of these elements.
A. Allotropy D. Some chemical elements
B. Allotropes E. Metalloids
C. Molecular formulae F. None of the Above
34. Which of the following terms - are different structural modifications of an element; the
atoms of the element are bonded together in a different manner?
A. Allotropy D. Some elements
35. The term allotropy is used for elements only, not for compounds. The more general
term, used for any crystalline material, is?
A. Allotropy D. Polymorphism
B. Allotrope E. Metalloid
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List of Allotropes
36. Which of the following terms - are typically more noticeable in non-metals (excluding the
halogens and the noble gases) and metalloids?
A. Allotropy D. Some elements
37. Which of the following terms - capable of variable coordination number and/or oxidation
states tend to exhibit greater numbers of allotropic forms?
A. Allotropy D. Elements
Bioinorganic Compounds
38. The phosphates in DNA, and also metal complexes containing ligands that range
from_________________, commonly peptides, to ill-defined species such as humic acid,
and to water (e.g., coordinated to gadolinium complexes employed for MRI).
A. Crystallography D. Theoretical chemistry
B. Biological macromolecules E. Molecular symmetry
C. Inter alia F. None of the Above
Solid State Compounds

39. Which of the following terms - uses techniques such as crystallography to gain an
understanding of the properties that result from collective interactions between the subunits
of the solid?
A. Crystallography D. Theoretical chemistry
B. VSEPR theory E. Molecular symmetry
C. Solid state inorganic chemistry F. None of the Above
Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry

40. Which of the following terms - using the tools and models of theoretical chemistry and
computational chemistry, expands into bonding in simple and then more complex
molecules?
A. Crystallography D. Theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry
C. Bohr model of the atom F. None of the Above
41. Which of the following terms - the province of inorganic chemistry?

A. Symmetry D. Quantum mechanical descriptions
B. Theoretical calculations E. Solid state chemistry
C. Qualitative approaches F. None of the Above
Qualitative Theories
42. Which of the following terms - powerfully predicts, or at least rationalizes, the structures
of main group compounds?
A. Crystallography theory D. Theoretical chemistry theory
B. VSEPR theory E. Molecular symmetry theory
C. Inter alia theory F. None of the Above
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Molecular Symmetry Group Theory
43. A central construct in inorganic chemistry is the theory of?
A. Crystallography theory D. Theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry
44. Which of the following terms - provides the language to describe the shapes of
molecules according to their point group symmetry?
A. Mathematical group theory D. Evolutionary theory
B. Theoretical theory E. Solid theory
C. Qualitative approach F. None of the Above
Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry

45. Which of the following terms can be obtained in pure form from nature, most are
synthesized in chemical plants and in the laboratory?
A. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) D. (MCLG)
B. Species E. Inorganic species
C. Organisms F. None of the Above
46. Which of the following terms - are prepared using methods of organic synthesis?
A. Soluble inorganic compounds D. Carcinogens
B. Methemoglobinemia E. Chemicals
C. Products and reactants F. None of the Above
47. Which of the following terms - are manipulated in “vacuum manifolds” consisting of
glass piping interconnected through valves?
A. Maximum corrections D. Maximum odors
B. Chain of custody procedures E. Inorganic species
C. Volatile compounds and gases F. None of the Above
Small Water Filters

48. Water filters are used for "________________________" drinking water, that is, to filter
out harmful or unwanted particles before the water is used for human consumption.
A. A carbon filter D. Man-made filter
B. Backwash carbon E. Point of use
C. Activated carbon F. None of the Above
49. Reverse Osmosis works by forcing the water through a ________________that stops
certain particles from passing through.
A. Semi-permeable membrane D. Recommend treatment
B. Activated carbon E. Carbon filter or system
C. Process F. None of the Above
50. Portable water filters work using a cartridge containing activated carbon and?
A. A carbon filter D. Ion exchange resin
B. Backwash carbon E. Organic matter
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Activated Carbon Filtration
51. According to the text, which of the following terms has been used for many years to
solve water problems?
A. Osmosis D. Money
B. Activated carbon E. Government
C. The adsorption process F. None of the Above
52. According to the text, which of the following terms quickly and effectively removes
chlorine from water?
A. A carbon filter D. Man-made organics
B. Robots E. Organic matter
53. According to the text, which of the following terms ____________________ takes time,
so service rates should be limited to 5 gpm/ft (12m/hr) or less for these applications?
A. Reverse Osmosis D. Sand filter
B. Activated carbon E. A carbon filter or system
Synthetic Organic Chemicals

54. Synthetic organic chemicals (SOC) include all?
A. Carbon based units D. Man-made organics
B. Carbon atoms E. Organic matter
C. Re-activated carbon F. None of the Above
55. According to the text, which of the following terms can substantially reduce many VOCs
such as benzene, trichlorethane and carbon tetrachloride?
A. Reverse Osmosis D. Fire
56. According to the text, which of the following terms also removes SOCs such as
Alachlor, EDB and toluene?
A. A carbon filter D. Man-made machines
B. Backwash carbon E. Organic filters
57. Before recommending_______________, water suspected of containing any of these

and other substances must be analyzed to determine their concentrations and whether they
exceed the EPA standards.
A. Reverse Osmosis D. Treatment
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58. When operating ______________________ on turbid water supplies, remove
suspended particles with a depth filter before treating it with activated carbon.
A. Reverse Osmosis process D. A boat
B. Activated carbon filters E. A carbon filter or system
59. According to the text, which of the following terms typically backwashes at 10 gpm/ft (25
m/hr) for about 10 minutes, followed by a 5 minute downflow rinse?
A. A carbon filter D. Man
B. Backwash carbon filter E. Organic matter filtering
C. Activated carbon process F. None of the Above
60. Over a period of several months to two years, the carbon's adsorption capacity
diminishes. The exhausted _______________________should be replaced with fresh
carbon. The old carbon should be hauled to an approved disposal facility.
A. Reverse Osmosis D. Carbon bed
C. Adsorption process F. None of the Above
Membrane Filtration Processes

61. According to the text, which of the following terms - a process in which water from a
dilute solution will naturally pass through a porous membrane into a concentrate solution?
A. Reverse osmosis D. RO membranes
B. A porous membrane E. Osmosis
C. Potable water F. None of the Above
62. Over the years, scientists have attempted to develop membranes that would be useful
in industrial processes, but it wasn’t until the late 1950s that membranes were produced that
could be used for what is known as?
A. Direct filtration process D. Membrane filtration processes
B. MF E. Reverse osmosis
C. Desalinization F. None of the Above
63. According to the text, which of the following terms - water is forced to move through a
membrane from a concentrate solution to a dilute solution?
B. A porous membrane E. Rapid sand filters
64. According to the text, which of the following terms - membranes have been used for
desalinization, removal of dissolved inorganic and organic chemicals, water softening, and
removal of the fine solids.
B. Potable water treatment E. Reverse osmosis
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65. According to the text, which of the following terms - enables some water systems having
contaminated water sources to meet new, more stringent regulations?
66. There is great potential for the continuing wide use of this method in potable water
treatment, especially as technology improves and costs are reduced.
Microfiltration
67. Microfiltration (MF) is a process in which water is forced under pressure through?
68. Membranes with a pore size of 0.45µ m are normally used; this size is relatively large
compared with the other?
69. This process has not been generally applicable to drinking water treatment because it
either does not remove substances or the problem substances can be removed more
economically using?
C. Other processes F. None of the Above
70. According to the text, which of the following terms - is by industries to remove very fine
particles from process water?
71. According to the text, which of the following terms - are susceptible to clogging or filter
binding unless the water being processed is already quite clean?
A. Reverse osmosis filters D. RO membranes
B. Porous membranes E. Rapid sand filters
C. Probable water filters F. None of the Above
72. Microfiltration has been proposed as a filtering method for particles resulting from the?
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73. According to the text, which of the following terms - has used the injection of coagulants
such as alum or polymers into the raw water stream to remove turbidity such as clay or silts?
74. The formed particles were then removed by?

C. Portable water filter F. None of the Above
Ultrafiltration
75. According to the text, which of the following terms - is a process that uses a membrane
with a pore size generally below 0.1 µm.
A. EDR D. NF
B. RO E. XF
C. ED F. None of the Above
76. According to the text, which of the following terms - can be designed to pass material
that weigh less than or equal to a certain molecular weight?
A. Demineralizing compartments D. Direct electric current applied to the solution
B. UF E. Membrane process
C. Processes for this service F. None of the Above
77. According to the text, which of the following terms - does not generally work well for
removal of salt or dissolved solids, it can be used effectively for removal or most organic
chemicals?
A. Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) D. NF
B. An important RO process E. UF
C. These RO membranes F. None of the Above
Nanofiltration
78. Nanofiltration (NF) is a process using membranes that will reject even smaller
molecules than?
A. DO D. ET
B. UF E. Membrane process
C. UFO F. None of the Above
79. NF’s capability will undoubtedly increase the use of _________________ for potable
water treatment.
A. EDR D. NF
B. RO process E. UF
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Reverse Osmosis
80. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane process that has the highest rejection capability
of all the?
A. Demineralizing compartments D. Machines
B. UF E. Membrane processes
81. Which of the following terms - have very low MWC pore size that can reject ions at very
high rates, including chloride and sodium?
A. Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) membranes D. NF
B. RO process E. UF
82. Water from this _____________________ is very pure due to the high reject rates. A.
Demineralizing process D. Device
B. UF E. System
C. Service F. None of the Above
83. Industrial water uses such as semiconductor manufacturing is also an important

________________.
A. Purpose D. Function
B. RO process E. UF
C. RO membranes F. None of the Above
Electrodialysis
84. Electrodialysis (ED) is a process in which ions are transferred through ____________as
a result of direct electric current applied to the solution.
A. Demineralizing compartments D. The solution
B. A membrane E. Membrane process
Electrodialysis Reversal
85. Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) is a process similar to_______________, except that
the polarity of the direct current is periodically reversed.
A. ED D. NF
C. RO membranes F. None of the Above
86. The reversal in polarity reverses the flow of ions _____________compartments, which
provides automatic flushing of scale-forming materials from the membrane surface.
A. Between demineralizing D. Direct electric current applied to the solution
B. In the UF E. Make ice cream in the big
C. In the processing F. None of the Above
87. Which of the following terms - ____________and EDR have been used at only a few
locations for drinking water treatment.
A. ED D. NF
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Inorganic Chemistry
88. Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of?
A. Myriad organic compounds D. Ionic compounds
B. Inorganic compounds E. Inorganic and organometallic compounds
C. Some metals F. None of the Above
89. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, and there is much
overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of?
A. Crystallization D. Organometallic chemistry
B. Inorganic salts E. Lead, mercury, and arsenic
C. Electrically neutral F. None of the Above
Key Concepts
90. Many inorganic compounds are ionic compounds, consisting of ________________
joined by ionic bonding.
A. Myriad organic compounds D. Cations and anions
B. Inorganic compounds E. Electron affinity (anions)
C. Some metals F. None of the Above
91. In any salt, the proportions of the ions are such that the electric charges cancel out, so
that the bulk compound is?
A. A shiny crystal D. A sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry
B. An inorganic salt E. Electrically positive
92. The ions are described by their oxidation state and their ease of formation can be
inferred from the ionization potential (for cations) or from the electron affinity (anions).
A. True B. False
93. Important classes of inorganic salts are the_____________, the sulfates and the
halides.
A. Crystals D. Sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry like
B. Oxides, the carbonates E. Sulfites
C. Electrically neutral cations F. None of the Above
94. Many inorganic compounds are characterized by high melting points. Inorganic salts
typically are poor conductors in the?
A. Myriad D. Ionic compound
B. Inorganic compound mixture E. Solid state
C. Customer’s coffee F. None of the Above
95. Another important feature is their solubility in water, e.g?

A. And ease of crystallization D. Sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry
B. Inorganic salts E. Ionic compound
23
96. In redox reactions one reactant, the oxidant, lowers its ______________________and
the reductant, has its oxidation state increased.
A. pH D. Ionic count
B. Redox state E. Electron affinity (anions)
C. Oxidation state F. None of the Above
97. Which of the following terms - can occur indirectly as well, e.g., in batteries, a key
concept in electrochemistry?
A. Crystallization D. Electron exchange
B. Inorganic salts E. Regeneration
C. Electrically neutral charges F. None of the Above
98. When one reactant contains hydrogen atoms, a reaction can take place by exchanging
protons in acid-base chemistry. In a more general definition, an acid can be any chemical
species capable of binding to electron pairs is called a Lewis acid; conversely any molecule
that tends to donate an electron pair is referred to as a Lewis base.
A. True B. False
99. Soil may contain iron sulfide as pyrite or?

A. Often similar reactivity D. Man-made inorganic compounds
B. Coordination complexes E. Nature-made inorganic compounds
C. Classification of compounds F. None of the Above
100. Inorganic compounds are also found multitasking as biomolecules: as electrolytes, in

energy storage (ATP) or in construction.
A. True B. False
101. Which of the following terms -was ammonium nitrate for soil fertilization through the
Haber process.
A. Compound D. Man-made inorganic compound
B. Complexed mineral E. Nature-made inorganic compounds
C. Cation F. None of the Above
102. Subdivisions of inorganic chemistry are active areas of research in inorganic

chemistry, aimed toward new catalysts, superconductors, and therapies.
A. True B. False
Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry

103. Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the _____________ based on their
properties.
A. Classification of reactivity D. Classification of inorganic compound
B. Classification of coordination complexes E. Classification of nature
104. Partly the classification focuses on the position in the periodic table of the heaviest
element in the compound, partly by grouping compounds by their?
A. Supramolecular similarities D. Structural similarities
B. Classical coordination compounds E. Organometallic chemistry similarities
C. Inorganic compounds similarities F. None of the Above
24
105. When studying inorganic compounds, one often encounters parts of the different
classes of inorganic chemistry, an organometallic compound is characterized by its
coordination chemistry, and may show interesting?
A. Often similar reactivity D. Man-made inorganic compound
B. Coordination complexes E. Solid state properties
Different classifications are:

Coordination Compounds
106. Which of the following terms - almost all organic and inorganic compounds can be
used as ligands?
A. Supramolecular coordination chemistry D. Modern coordination compounds
B. Classical coordination compounds E. Organometallic chemistry
C. Inorganic compounds F. None of the Above
107. The "metal" usually is a metal from the groups 3-13, as well as the trans-lanthanides
and trans-actinides, all chemical compounds can be described as?
A. Reactivity D. Man-made inorganic compound
B. Coordination complexes E. Small nuclear explosions
108. The stereochemistry of coordination complexes can be a topical theme within this
specialization is?
A. Supramolecular coordination chemistry D. Bath tub chemistry
B. Classical coordination chemistry E. Organometallic chemistry
C. Inorganic chemistry F. None of the Above
Main Group Compounds

109. Which of the following terms - from groups 1, 2 and 13-18 (excluding hydrogen) of the
periodic table?
A. Often similar flavors D. Man-made inorganic compounds
B. Coordination colors E. Minerals
C. Elements F. None of the Above
110. Which of the following terms - have been known since the beginnings of chemistry,
e.g., elemental sulfur and the distillable white phosphorus?
A. Main group compounds D. Metal-metal bonded dimetallic complexes
B. Organometallic chemistry E. Organic compounds
C. Organometallic compounds F. None of the Above
111. Experiments on oxygen, by Lavoisier and Priestley not only identified an important
diatomic gas, but opened the way for describing compounds and reactions according to?
A. Transition metals D. Metal carbonyls
B. Diatomic gases E. Transition metal compounds
C. Stoichiometric ratios F. None of the Above
25
112. The discovery of a practical synthesis of ammonia using iron catalysts by Carl Bosch
and Fritz Haber in the early 1900s deeply impacted mankind, demonstrating the significance
of?
A. Transition metal synthesis D. Metal-metal synthesis
B. Organometallic chemistry synthesis E. Inorganic chemical synthesis
C. Organometallic synthesis F. None of the Above
113. According to the text, main group compounds are SiO2, SnCl4, and N2O. Many main
group compounds can also be classed as?
A. Transition metals D. Metal carbonyls and even metal alkoxides
B. An important diatomic gas E. Transition metal compounds
C. Organometallic F. None of the Above
114. Which of the following terms - such as the fullerenes, buckytubes and binary carbon
oxides?
A. Transition metal compounds D. Metal-metal bonded dimetallic complexes
Transition Metal Compounds

115. Compounds with a metal from group 3 or 12 are sometimes also incorporated into this
group, but also often classified as?
A. Transition metal compounds D. Carbonyls compounds
B. Main group compounds E. Transition metal compounds
116. Transition metal compounds show a rich coordination chemistry, varying from
tetrahedral for titanium (e.g., TiCl4) to square planar for some nickel complexes to
octahedral for ______________of cobalt.
B. Organometallic complexes E. Coordination complexes
117. Which of the following terms - can be found in biologically important compounds, such
as iron in hemoglobin?
A. Transition metals D. Metal complexes
B. Complexes E. Transition metal compounds
C. Organometallic complexes F. None of the Above
Organometallic Compounds
118. Usually, M-C-H group the metal (M) in these species can either be a main group
element or a?
A. Transition metal compound D. Metal-metal bonded dimetallic complex
B. Transition metal E. Organic compound
C. Organometallic compound F. None of the Above
26
119. Which of the following terms - is more relaxed to include also highly lipophilic
complexes such as metal carbonyls and even metal alkoxides?
B. An important diatomic gas E. Transition metal compounds
C. An organometallic compound F. None of the Above
120. Which of the following terms - employs more specialized preparative methods than
was traditional in Werner-type complexes?
A. Transition metal compounds D. Metal-metal chemistry
B. Organometallic chemistry E. Organic chemistry
121. Which of the following terms -, especially the ability to manipulate complexes in
solvents of low coordinating power, enabled the exploration of very weakly coordinating
ligands such as hydrocarbons?
A. Transition metals D. Synthetic carbonyl and even metal alkoxides
B. Synthetic gas methodology E. Transition metal compounds
C. Synthetic methodology F. None of the Above
Cluster Compounds
122. Clusters can be found in all classes of?
A. Transition metal compounds D. Chemical compounds
123. Which of the following terms - organometallic chemistry, main group chemistry, and
bioinorganic chemistry?
B. Inorganic systems E. Transition metal compounds
C. Organometallic systems F. None of the Above
124. The interface is the chemical basis of nanoscience or nanotechnology and specifically
arise from the study of quantum size effects in ______________________.
Bioinorganic Compounds
125. By definition, these compounds occur in nature, but the subfield includes
anthropogenic species, such as pollutants (e.g., methylmercury) and drugs (e.g., Cisplatin).
The field, which incorporates many aspects of biochemistry, includes many kinds of
compounds, e.g., the phosphates in DNA, and also metal complexes containing ligands that
range from biological macromolecules, commonly peptides, to ill-defined species such as
humic acid, and to water (e.g., coordinated to gadolinium complexes employed for MRI).
A. True B. False
27
126. Which of the following terms - includes the study of both non-essential and essential
elements with applications to diagnosis and therapies?
A. Symmetry to spectroscopy D. Medicinal inorganic chemistry
Solid State Compounds

127. Which of the following terms - uses techniques such as crystallography to gain an
understanding of the properties that result from collective interactions between the subunits
of the solid?
A. Crystallography D. Computational chemistry
C. Solid state inorganic chemistry F. None of the Above
128. Which of the following terms - are metals and their alloys or intermetallic derivatives?
A. Symmetry to spectroscopy D. Precise quantum mechanical descriptions
Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry

129. Which of the following terms - using the tools and models of theoretical chemistry and
computational chemistry, expands into bonding in simple and then more complex
molecules?
A. Crystallography D. Theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry
C. Bohr model of the atom F. None of the Above
130. Which of the following terms - the province of inorganic chemistry has spawned many
semi-quantitative or semi-empirical approaches including molecular orbital theory?
A. Symmetry D. Quantum mechanical descriptions
C. Qualitative approaches F. None of the Above
Qualitative Theories
131. Which of the following terms - powerfully predicts, or at least rationalizes, the
structures of main group compounds?
A. Crystallography theory D. Theoretical chemistry theory
B. VSEPR theory E. Molecular symmetry theory
132. For the transition metals, crystal field theory allows one to understand the magnetism
of many simple complexes, such as why [FeIII(CN)6]3− has only one unpaired electron,
whereas [FeIII(H2O)6]3+ has five. A particularly powerful qualitative approach to assessing the
structure and reactivity begins with classifying molecules according to electron counting,
focusing on the numbers of valence electrons, usually at the central atom in a molecule.
A. True B. False
28
Molecular Symmetry Group Theory
133. A central construct in inorganic chemistry is the theory of?
A. Crystallography theory D. Theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry
134. Which of the following terms - provides the language to describe the shapes of
molecules according to their point group symmetry?
A. Mathematical group theory D. Evolutionary theory
B. Theoretical theory E. Solid theory
135. Knowledge of the crystallography properties of the ground and excited states allows
one to predict the numbers and intensities of absorptions in vibrational and electronic
spectra.
A. True B. False
136. The most common applications of precise quantum mechanical description

to spectroscopy involve vibrational and electronic spectra.
A. True B. False
137. Which of the following terms - highlights commonalities and differences in the bonding
of otherwise disparate species, such as WF6 and Mo(CO)6 or CO2 and NO2?
A. Group theory D. Precise quantum mechanical description
B. Theoretical calculation E. Solid state chemistry
Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry

138. Which of the following terms - can be obtained in pure form from nature, most are
synthesized in chemical plants and in the laboratory?
A. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) D. Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG)
B. Species E. Inorganic species
C. Organisms F. None of the Above
139. Which of the following terms - are prepared using methods of organic synthesis. For
metal-containing compounds that are reactive toward air?
A. Soluble inorganic compounds D. Carcinogens
140. Which of the following terms - are manipulated in “vacuum manifolds” consisting of
glass piping interconnected through valves?
A. Corrections D. Maximum odors
B. Gas and Chains E. Inorganic species
C. Volatile compounds and gases F. None of the Above
29
141. Which of the following terms - are condensed using liquid nitrogen or other cryogens?
A. Compounds D. Carcinogens
142. Solids are typically prepared using tube furnaces, the reactants and products being
sealed in containers, often made of fused silica (amorphous SiO2) but sometimes more
specialized materials such as welded Ta tubes or Pt “boats”. Products and reactants are
transported between temperature zones to drive reactions.
A. True B. False
Regulated Chemical Contaminants

143. This series of rules are known as the Chemical Phase Rules define regulations for
three contaminant groups:___________, Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOC), and Volatile
Organic Chemicals (VOC).
A. Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) D. Carcinogens
B. IOUs and UFOs E. Chemical Phase Rules
144. Which of the following terms - or "blue baby syndrome" from ingestion of elevated
levels of nitrate or nitrite? (QA/QC question)
A. Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide D. Carcinogens
B. Methemoglobinemia E. SMURF chemicals
145. Which of the following terms - must also monitor for IOCs, SOCs, and VOCs?
B. Chain of custody procedures E. Small systems
C. All systems F. None of the Above
146. Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide are considered regulated chemicals
although their ______________ are stayed.
A. MCLs D. Carcinogen Rule
B. CMOMs E. Chemical Phase Rules
147. For each contaminant, EPA set a health goal, or? (QA/QC question)
B. Procedures E. A legal rule or sometimes a theory
C. Field goal F. None of the Above
148. Which of the following terms - EPA set the health goal at zero, under the assumption
that any exposure to the chemical could present a cancer risk? (QA/QC question)
A. Sulfoxides D. Carcinogens
C. Reactants F. None of the Above
30
149. The EPA sets ________________as close to the health goal as possible, keeping in
mind the technical and financial barriers that exist? (QA/QC question)
B. Procedures E. Inorganic species
C. Legal limits F. None of the Above
150. Except for contaminants regulated as _______________, most legal limits and health
goals are the same. (QA/QC question)
A. Contaminants D. Carcinogens
B. Pollutants E. Chemicals
Chain of Custody Procedures

151. Which of the following terms - are used to maintain and document sample possession
from the time the sample is collected until it is introduced as evidence?
A. Samples D. Chain of custody procedures
B. Seal E. Chain of custody record
C. Evidence tape F. None of the Above
152. Which of the following terms - of a sample, have it in view, or have physically secured
it to prevent tampering then it is defined as being in “custody?"
A. Physical possession D. Physical evidence
B. A taste E. Chain of custody record
C. Evidence tape F. None of the Above
Wastewater Priory Pollutants Section

Wastewater/Pretreatment Sampling General Information
153. In accordance with the Clean Water Act and_____________ , the POTW
conducts a variety of sampling activities which must be closely coordinated.
A. General Pretreatment Program Regulations D. Priority Pollutants within
B. Each site user and E. Characteristics of the wastes
C. All industrial users and F. None of the Above
Permit Application Policy Example

154. All industrial users that require a permit must be sampled to determine the
characteristics of the ________________ to be discharged into the POTW’s sewer
system.
A. SROG D. Priority Pollutants
B. Local limits E. Wastes
C. Outer limits F. None of the Above
155. Prior to the issuance of a permit for existing industrial users, the POTW samples
the user's effluent, and performs the analyses required by the applicable discharge
standards (i.e., Categorical standards or?
A. Taste test D. Priority Pollutants
B. Local limits E. Characteristics of the wastes
C. SDWA F. None of the Above
31
156. For new industrial users, estimates of the ______________ to be discharged into
the POTW’s sewer system must be submitted along with the permit application.
A. Wastes D. Priority Pollutants
B. CWA E. Characteristics of the wastes
C. Odor F. None of the Above
157. No sampling would be performed at these new facilities, since they do not
presently discharge wastes into the?
A. POTWs D. Priority system
B. Sewer system E. Interceptor
C. CMOM F. None of the Above
158. A four-day sampling program is usually conducted at ____________ to collect

both composite and grab (for pollutants not amenable to composite sampling) samples
as needed.
A. POTWs D. The interceptor
B. Each site E. The manhole
C. All industrial users F. None of the Above
Wastewater Priory Pollutants

159. The concentrations of various substances in __________in dissolved, colloidal or
suspended form are typically low but vary considerably.
A. POTWs D. Priority Pollutants
B. These 126 pollutants E. Water
C. New industrial users F. None of the Above
160. Priority Pollutants refer to a list of 126 specific pollutants that includes heavy metals
and specific organic chemicals. The priority pollutants are a subset of "_______________ "
as defined in the Clean Water Act (USA).
B. Toxic pollutants E. Safe contaminants
C. Friendly pollutants F. None of the Above
161. Which of the following terms - were assigned a high priority for development of water
quality criteria and effluent limitation guidelines because they are frequently found in
wastewater?
A. POTW managers D. Priority Pollutants
B. These 126 pollutants E. The concentrations of various substances
C. Safe contaminants F. None of the Above
162. Which of the following terms - with an approved pretreatment program must develop
local limits for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, nickel, silver
and zinc?
A. Each POTW D. Priority pollutant producers
B. Each city E. Home owners
32
163. The POTW must also identify all _________________and evaluate the need for limits
for these pollutants.
A. Other pollutants of concern D. Priority Pollutants
B. 126 pollutants E. Concentrations of various substances
164. Concentrations of various substances is defined as any pollutant limited in the POTW's
NPDES permit or found in the collection system in sufficient quantity to have a reasonable
potential to cause pass through or interference at the treatment plant, pose a threat to
worker health and safety, or to cause other problems within the collection system or at the
treatment plant, such as explosions or obstruction of wastewater flow.
A. True B. False
165. The priority pollutant scans performed periodically by POTWs with approved
pretreatment programs are useful in identifying?
A. Pollutants of concern D. Priority Pollutants
B. These 126 pollutants E. The concentrations of various substances
166. POTWs with multiple plants may wish to develop ____________for each plant or after
calculating the limits for each plant choose the most stringent as uniform local limits across
all plants.
A. Local limits D. Priority Pollutants
B. Headworks E. Characteristics of the wastes
C. Industrial users F. None of the Above
167. Local limits are most often associated with the control of toxic pollutants. However, if a
POTW has experienced violations of their?
A. POTWs D. NPDES permit effluent limits for conventional pollutants
B. Surcharge programs E. Local limits
C. Industrial users F. None of the Above
168. Many POTWs have surcharge programs for?

B. Conventional pollutants E. Local limits
169. A POTW should set absolute upper limits for __________________in its sewer use
ordinance (SUO) or industrial user (IU) permits, based on total plant capacity.
A. Conventional pollutants D. Priority Pollutants
B. Surcharge programs E. Local limits
170. Which of the following terms - can stimulate the growth of algae and other aquatic
plants?
A. Excess nutrients D. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
B. Industrial discharges E. Agricultural runoff
C. Heavy Metal F. None of the Above
33
171. When these plants die and decompose, they may reduce the amount of __________
in the water.
A. Nutrients D. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
B. Oxygen E. Agricultural runoff
172. Which of the following terms - can also get into wastewater from industrial discharges,
common household detergents and cleaners, runoff from streets and lawns and air
pollutants that fall to the ground.
173. Treatment plants cannot remove all _________________ from the wastewater.
174. "Heavy Metal" in the water treatment field refers to heavy, dense, _____________that
occur only at trace levels in water, but are very toxic and tend to accumulate.
A. Nutrients D. Metallic elements
175. Which of the following terms - include DDT, Aldrin, Chlordane, Endosulfan, Endrin,
Heptachlor, and Diazinon. Surprisingly, concentrations of pesticides in urban runoff may be
equal or greater than the pesticides in agricultural runoff?
A. Nutrients D. Typical pesticides and herbicides
176. Which of the following terms - spilled or released petroleum products (from oil spills or
discharge of oil production brines) and combustion products that are found in urban runoff?
A. PAHs D. Open-ended groups of pollutants
B. Priority Pollutants E. Inorganics
C. Chemical standards F. None of the Above
177. Polychlorinated biphenyls are Organic chemicals that formerly had widespread use in
electrical transformers and hydraulic equipment. This class of chemicals is extremely
persistent in the environment and has been proven to bioconcentrate in the food chain,
thereby leading to environmental and human health concerns in areas such as the Great
Lakes.
A. True B. False
178. The Priority Pollutants are a set of _____________EPA regulates, and for which EPA
has published analytical test methods.
A. Combustion products D. Open-ended groups of pollutants
B. Chemical pollutants E. Sampling requirements for inorganics
C. Chemical standards F. None of the Above
34
179. Which of the following terms - list is more practical for testing and for regulation in that
chemicals are described by their individual chemical names?
A. Organics D. List of toxic pollutants more usable
B. Preservatives E. Environmental and human health concerns
C. Priority Pollutant F. None of the Above
180. Which of the following terms - contains hundreds of compounds; there is no test for the
group as a whole, nor is it practical to regulate or test for all of these compounds?
A. Combustion products D. Open-ended groups of pollutants
B. Priority Pollutants E. The list of toxic pollutants
C. Chemical standard F. None of the Above
Proper Sample Handling

181. The proper handling of ____________________also includes wearing gloves.
A. Containers and preservatives D. Pre-preserved bottles
B. Water quality samples E. Samples in the shade
C. The most common preservatives F. None of the Above
182. Gloves not only protect field personnel, but also prevent potential contamination
to the water sample. Always wear powderless, disposable gloves.
A. True B. False
183. When sampling for organics, wear latex gloves.

A. True B. False
184. Nitrile gloves are not appropriate for organics.

A. True B. False
185. Use chain-of-custody procedures when coolers and containers are prepared,
sealed and shipped. They will remain sealed until used in the field.
A. True B. False
186. When making arrangements with the laboratory, make sure you request enough
containers, including those for blank and duplicate samples. Order extra sample
bottles to allow for breakage or contamination in the field.
A. True B. False
187. Some samples require ________________and/or preservation with chemicals to

maintain their integrity during shipment and before analysis in the laboratory.
B. Low-temperature storage E. Samples in the shade
C. The most common preservatives F. None of the Above
188. Which of the following terms - are hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and ascorbic acids,
sodium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, and biocides?
B. Low-temperature storage E. Samples
C. Preservatives F. None of the Above
35
189. Some federal and state agencies allow the use of _______________, some may
require either cool temperatures or added preservatives in the field.
A. Appropriate for organics D. List of toxic pollutants more usable
B. Preservatives E. Environmental and human health concerns
C. Pre-preserved sample containers F. None of the Above
190. Which of the following terms - are received from the laboratory, check to see that
none have leaked?
B. Paperwork E. Donuts
C. Most common preservatives F. None of the Above
191. Make sure you can tell which containers are a one-time inorganic chemical
analysis because extra care must be taken not to overfill them when collecting
samples in the field.
A. True B. False
192. Check with the laboratory about field parameters procedures when using pre-
preserved bottles.
A. True B. False
Field Parameters
193. Measure and record the _________________of temperature, electrical
conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen in an undisturbed section of streamflow.
A. Process D. Grab samples
B. Optimal effects E. Field parameters
C. Current F. None of the Above
Chemical Monitoring
194. The final federal rules regarding Phase II and V contaminants were promulgated by
the U.S. EPA in 1992 and initial monitoring began in January 1993. This group of
contaminants consists of Inorganic Chemicals (IOC), Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC) and
Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOC) and the rule applies to all?
A. Contamination D. Promulgated by the U.S. EPA in 1992
B. Mix surface and ground water E. A one-time inorganic chemical analysis
C. Gross alpha activity F. None of the Above
Inorganic Chemical Monitoring

195. The one-time inorganic chemical analysis sample is to be collected at__________ to
the distribution system representative of each source after any application of treatment.
A. Contamination sources D. Entry points (POE)
B. Areas of surface and ground water E. Water main breaks
C. Signs of gross alpha activity F. None of the Above
Nitrates
196. Nitrate is an organic chemical that occurs unnaturally in some groundwater but most
often is introduced into ground and surface waters by man.
A. True B. False
36
197. At high levels (over 100 mg/l) it can cause the “blue baby” syndrome in young infants,
which can lead to serious illness and even death. It is regarded as an “Chronic health risk”
because it can quickly cause illness.
A. True B. False
198. Every water system must test for Nitrate at least yearly, systems that use _______
must test yearly.
A. Contamination D. Water
B. Mix surface and ground water E. A one-time inorganic chemical analysis
C. Ground water only F. None of the Above
199. A surface water system may go to yearly testing if community and nontransient
noncommunity water must do quarterly monitoring whenever they exceed 5 mg/l in a test.
A. True B. False
200. After 4 quarters of testing and the results show that the nitrate level is not going up,
they may go back to yearly testing.
A. True B. False
Radiological Contaminants
201. Some of the community water systems may monitor for gross beta activity every four
years for each source.
A. True B. False
202. Depending on your state rules, compliance will be based on the annual composite of 4
consecutive quarters or__________________.
A. Sample instructions D. Laboratory performance requirements
B. Established action levels E. Average annual concentration
C. Minimum aeration F. None of the Above
203. If the average annual concentration is less than one tenth the MCL, an analysis of a
single sample may be substituted for the quarterly sampling procedure.
A. True B. False
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)

204. All community water systems serving a population of 10,000 or more and which add a
disinfectant in any part of the drinking water treatment process shall monitor for total
trihalomethanes (TTHM).
A. True B. False
205. The MCL is 0.1 mg/l and consists of a calculation of ______________________of the
concentrations of bromodichloromethane, di-bromochloromethane, bromoform and
chloroform.
A. Water treatment process D. Some groundwater
B. Optimal corrosion control E. The running average of quarterly analyses of the sum
C. Surface water system F. None of the Above
37
Lead and Copper Rule
206. The Lead and Copper Rule applies to all community and nontransient, noncommunity
water systems and _______________for these two contaminants at the consumer’s tap.
B. Establishes action levels E. Average annual concentration
C. Establishes MCL levels F. None of the Above
207. Lead and Copper Rule establishes maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) for
lead and copper, treatment technique requirements for optimal corrosion control,
_______________, public education and lead service line replacement.
A. Drinking water treatment process D. Some groundwater
B. Source water treatment E. All systems
C. A surface water system F. None of the Above
208. The Lead and Copper Rule also includes the best available technology (BAT) for
complying with the treatment technique requirements, mandatory health effects language for
public notification of violations and analytical methods and ________________________.
B. Establishes action levels E. The action level for the system
C. An action level is exceeded F. None of the Above
IOC Sample Collection – Things to Remember

209. If the laboratory fails to include sample instructions, contact the laboratory and?
A. Collect samples D. Do not change the flow
B. Run E. Maintain chemical analysis reports
C. Request sample instructions F. None of the Above
Some general practices to remember:

210. Samples should be collected at _________________after all treatment (finished
water).
A. Homes D. The entry point to the distribution system
B. SNAFU E. At water storage tanks
C. Sample locations F. None of the Above
211. Select a sampling faucet that does NOT have an aerator (sampling must be done
with?
B. Proper action levels E. Average flow
C. Minimum aeration F. None of the Above
Some general practices to remember:

212. Samples should be collected at _________________after all treatment (finished
water).
A. Homes D. The entry point to the distribution system
B. SNAFU E. At water storage tanks
C. Sample locations F. None of the Above
38
Antimony
213. Antimony is a toxic chemical element with symbol Sb and atomic number 51.
A. True B. False
214. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid; it is found in nature mainly as the?

A. Contaminant D. Subsequent element
B. Analytical element E. Stibnite with iron
C. Sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3) F. None of the Above
215. Which of the following terms - have been known since ancient times and were used for
cosmetics?
A. Gray allotrope of arsenic D. Metallic antimony
B. Four allotropes E. Antimony compounds
C. Nitrogen group (group 15) F. None of the Above
216. The industrial methods to produce antimony are roasting and subsequent carbothermal
reduction or direct reduction of?
A. Sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3) D. Heat
B. Copper E. Lead
C. Stibnite with iron F. None of the Above
What are EPA's drinking water regulations for antimony?

217. Contaminants are _________________ or matter in water.
A. Contaminants D. Organic and inorganic
B. Analytical problems E. Prominent additives
C. Commonly found F. None of the Above
218. The Phase VI Rule, the regulation for antimony, became effective in 2001.
A. True B. False
219. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires __________________ to periodically review the
national primary drinking water regulation for each contaminant and revise the regulation, if
appropriate.
A. OSHA D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. MCLs E. EPA
C. States F. None of the Above
220. Which of the following terms - reviewed antimony as part of the Six Year Review and
determined that the 0.006 mg/L or 6 ppb MCLG and 0.006 mg/L or 6 ppb MCL for
antimony?
A. OSHA D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. MCLs E. EPA
C. States F. None of the Above
221. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for antimony, called a ________________, at
0.006 mg/L or 6 ppb.
A. MCLG D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. MCL E. EPA
C. CWA F. None of the Above
39
Applications
222. Which of the following terms - with antimony improves the properties of the alloys
which are used in solders, bullets and plain bearings?
A. Gray allotrope of arsenic D. Metallic antimony
B. Four allotropes E. Alloying lead and tin
223. Which of the following terms - are prominent additives for chlorine- and bromine-
containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products?
A. Contaminants D. Metallic antimony
B. Gray allotrope of arsenic E. Prominent additives
C. Antimony compounds F. None of the Above
224. Antimony is in the nitrogen group (group 15) and it is__________________, and less
electronegative than tellurium or arsenic.
A. A gray allotrope of arsenic D. A metallic antimony
B. Has four allotropes E. More electronegative than tin or bismuth
C. In the Nitrogen group F. None of the Above
225. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with oxygen if heated to form
antimony trioxide, Sb2O3.
A. True B. False
226. Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metal that has a Mohs scale hardness of 7.
A. True B. False
227. Black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of vapor derived from metallic antimony. It
has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic; it oxidizes in air and
may ignite spontaneously.
A. True B. False
228. At 70 °C, antimony gradually transforms into the stable form.

A. True B. False
229. The yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable. It has only been generated by
oxidation of stibine (SbH3) at −90 °C.
A. True B. False
230. Pure antimony is?

A. High chemical reactivity D. A metallic antimony
B. Analytical methods E. Not used to make hard objects
C. High chemical reactivity F. None of the Above
231. Four allotropes of antimony are known, a stable metallic form and__________,
explosive, black and yellow.
A. Gray D. Liquid
B. Three metastable forms E. Its high chemical reactivity
C. In the Nitrogen group F. None of the Above
40
232. Metallic antimony is a brittle, silver-white shiny metal. When molten antimony is slowly
cooled, metallic antimony crystallizes?
A. In a trigonal cell D. Metallic
B. Four allotropes E. Its high chemical reactivity
233. A rare explosive form of antimony can be formed from the electrolysis of antimony (III)
trichloride.
A. True B. False
Asbestos
234. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for asbestos, called a maximum contaminant
level (MCL), at .07 MFL.
A. True B. False
235. EPA reviewed asbestos as part of the Six Year Review and determined that the .07
MFL MCLG.
A. True B. False
Barium
236. The MCLG for barium is 20 mg/L or 20 ppm
A. True B. False
237. When routine monitoring indicates that barium levels are above the MCL; your water
supplier must take steps to reduce the amount of barium so that it is below that level. Water
suppliers must notify their customers as soon as practical, but no later than 30 days after the
system learns of the violation.
A. True B. False
238. Which of the following terms - such as providing alternative drinking water supplies,
may be required to prevent serious risks to public health.
A. MCLG D. Additional actions
B. MCL equals the MCLG E. 2 mg/L or 2 ppm
C. MFL F. None of the Above
239. Which of the following terms - the regulation for barium, became effective in 1993?
A. MCLG D. EPCRA
B. Phase IIB Rule E. EPA
C. Safe Drinking Water Act F. None of the Above
240. Major sources of barium in drinking water are discharge of drilling wastes; _________;
and erosion of natural deposits.
A. Discharge from metal refineries D. Soluble barium compounds
B. Barium E. Its high chemical reactivity
C. Barium carbonate, BaCO3 F. None of the Above
41
241. Which of the following terms - requires facilities in certain industries, which
manufacture, process, or use significant amounts of toxic chemicals?
A. MCLG Rule D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. Phase II Rule E. EPA
C. SDWA F. None of the Above
Barium Explained
242. The most common naturally occurring minerals of barium are barite (barium sulfate,
BaSO4) and witherite (___________________), both being insoluble in water.
A. A natural deposit D. A soluble compound
B. Baryta E. Highly reactive chemical
243. Which of the following terms - was identified as a new element in 1774, but not
reduced to a metal until 1808?
A. Beryllium D. Soluble barium compound
244. Which of the following terms - has only a few industrial applications. The metal has
been historically used to scavenge air in vacuum tubes?
245. Barium is a ____________with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

A. Erosion of natural deposits D. Soluble compounds
B. Chemical element E. Highly reactive chemical
C. Carbonate, BaCO3 F. None of the Above
246. Barium is the fifth element in Group 3, a hard silvery metallic alkaline earth metal.
A. True B. False
247. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is easily found in nature as a free
element.
A. True B. False
248. Barium’s hydroxide was known in pre-modern history as?

A. A natural deposit D. A soluble compound
B. Baryta E. Highly reactive chemical
249. Which of the following terms - are added to fireworks to impart a green color?
B. Barium E. Barium compounds
42
250. Which of the following terms -are poisonous due to release of the soluble barium ion,
and therefore have been used as rodenticides?
A. Beryllium D. Soluble barium compounds
Beryllium
251. Which of the following terms -for beryllium is 0.004 mg/L or 4 ppb.
A. MCLG D. SDWA
B. MCL E. 2 mg/L or 2 ppm
C. EPA F. None of the Above
How does Beryllium get into my Drinking Water?

252. Beryllium naturally enters surface water and ground water through the weathering of
rocks and soils or from industrial wastewater discharges.
A. True B. False
How will I know if Beryllium is in my Drinking Water?

253. When routine monitoring indicates that beryllium levels are above the ____________,
your water supplier must take steps to reduce the amount of beryllium so that it is below that
level.
A. MCLG D. SDWA
B. MCL equals the MCLG E. 2 mg/L or 2 ppm
C. EPA F. None of the Above
254. Water suppliers must notify their customers as soon as practical, but no later than 90
days after the system learns of the violation. Additional actions, such as providing alternative
drinking water supplies, may be required to prevent serious risks to public health.
A. True B. False
Beryllium Explained
255. Beryllium is the chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. Because
any beryllium synthesized in stars is short-lived, _________________ in both the universe
and in the crust of the Earth.
A. It is a divalent element D. Hard and resistant to corrosion
B. Brittle alkaline earth metal E. It is a relatively rare element
C. Is a relatively abundant element F. None of the Above
256. As a free element, Beryllium is______________, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth
metal.
A. A divalent element D. Hard and resistant to corrosion
B. A steel-gray, strong E. Shiny
C. Coal based F. None of the Above
257. Beryllium increases _______________ when alloyed to aluminum, cobalt, copper

(notably beryllium copper), iron and nickel.
A. A divalent element D. Hard and resistance to corrosion
B. A steel-gray, strong E. Shiny
C. Coal based F. None of the Above
43
258. Beryllium is a quality aerospace material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, space
vehicles and communication satellites.
A. True B. False
Cadmium
259. The MCLG for cadmium is?
A. 4.0 D. .015
B. .002 E. 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb
C. 1.3 F. None of the Above
260. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for cadmium, called a maximum contaminant
level (MCL), at?
A. 4.0 D. .015
B. .002 E. 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb
261. EPA reviewed cadmium as part of the Six Year Review and determined that the
______________ MCLG and 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb MCL for cadmium are still protective of
human health.
A. 4.0 D. .015
B. .002 E. 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb
How does cadmium get into my drinking water?

262. The major sources of cadmium in drinking water are corrosion of galvanized pipes;
erosion of natural deposits; ______________________; runoff from waste batteries and
paints.
A. It is a divalent element D. It may burn and release toxic fumes
B. Brittle alkaline earth metal E. Discharge from metal refineries
C. Coal and fuel oil combustion F. None of the Above
How will I know if cadmium is in my drinking water?

263. When routine monitoring indicates that cadmium levels are above the ___________,
your water supplier must take steps to reduce the amount of cadmium so that it is below that
level.
A. MCLG D. SDWA limit
B. MCL E. 2 mg/L or 2 ppm
C. EPA standard F. None of the Above
How will cadmium be removed from my drinking water?

264. The following treatment method(s) have proven to be effective for removing cadmium
to below _________________: coagulation/filtration, ion exchange, lime softening, and
reverse osmosis.
A. 4.0 D. .015
B. .002 E. 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb
44
Characteristics
Physical Properties
265. Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white divalent metal. It is similar in many
respects to zinc but forms complex compounds.
A. True B. False
266. Like other metals, cadmium is subject to corrosion.

A. True B. False
267. As a bulk metal, cadmium is?

A. Insoluble in water and is not flammable D. It may burn and release toxic fumes
B. Is in making steel and other alloys E. Reduces the amount of cadmium sulfate
C. Normal industrial waste disposal practices F. None of the Above
Chromium
268. Chromium is?
A. An odorless and tasteless metallic element D. Flammable
B. Used for making steel and other alloys E. Fun to play with
C. Normally found in industrial waste disposal F. None of the Above
269. Chromium is found naturally in rocks, plants, soil and volcanic dust, humans and
animals. The most common forms of chromium that occur in natural waters in the
environment are trivalent chromium (chromium-3), and hexavalent chromium (chromium-6).
A. True B. False
270. Chromium-5 is an essential human dietary element.

A. True B. False
271. Chromium-6 occurs naturally in the environment from the erosion of natural chromium
deposits but it can also be produced by?
A. Reverse osmosis D. Burning and releasing toxic fumes
B. Making steel and other alloys E. Chemistry
C. Industrial processes F. None of the Above
272. There are demonstrated instances of chromium being released to the environment by
leakage, poor storage, or inadequate industrial waste disposal practices.
A. True B. False
What are Chromium's Health Effects?

273. Chromium has relatively high toxicity and would be a concern in drinking water only at
very high levels of contamination.
A. True B. False
274. Chromium-6 is less toxic and poses potential health risks.

A. True B. False
45
275. People who use water containing total chromium in excess of the ____________over
many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
A. MCLG D. Rule
B. MCL E. Standard
C. Limit F. None of the Above
What are EPA's drinking water regulations for Chromium?

276. Which of the following terms - requires EPA to determine the level of contaminants in
drinking water at which no adverse health effects are likely to occur?
A. Safe Drinking Water Act D. EPCRA
B. OSHA E. EPA
C. CWA F. None of the Above
277. Which of the following terms - for total chromium is 0.1 mg/L or 100 parts per billion
(ppb).
A. MCLG D. Rule
B. MCL E. Standard
278. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for total chromium, called a maximum
contaminant level (MCL), at 10 mg/L or 1000 ppb.
A. True B. False
Chromium Description
279. Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
A. True B. False
280. Chromium is the first element in?

A. Group 6 D. The roasting and leaching processes
B. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion E. Forming stainless steel
C. Toxic chromium classification F. None of the Above
281. Chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are commercially produced from chromite by
silicothermic or aluminothermic reactions, or by?
A. Adding copper D. Roasting and leaching processes
B. Adding trivalent chromium E. Adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel
C. Adding Aluminum F. None of the Above
282. Chromium metal has proven of high value due to?

A. Group 6 treatments D. Roasting and leaching processes
B. Adding trivalent chromium E. Its high corrosion resistance and hardness
283. Which of the following terms - along with chrome plating (electroplating with
chromium) currently comprise 85% of the commercial use for the element?
A. Group 6 treatments D. Roasting and leaching processes
B. Adding trivalent chromium E. Its high corrosion resistance and hardness
46
284. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion is possibly required in trace amounts for sugar and lipid
metabolism, although the issue remains in debate. In larger amounts and in different forms,
chromium can be_________________________.
A. Toxic and carcinogenic D. Part of the leaching processes
B. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion E. Metallic chromium
C. Toxic chromium F. None of the Above
285. The most prominent example of toxic chromium is______________. Abandoned

chromium production sites often require environmental cleanup.
A. Stainless steel D. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))
B. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion E. Metallic chromium
C. Toxic chromium F. None of the Above
Copper
What are Copper’s Health Effects?
286. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the _____________may,
with short term exposure, experience gastrointestinal distress, and with long-term exposure
may experience liver or kidney damage.
A. MCLG D. Standard
B. MCL E. Action level
287. People with Zackery’s Disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of
copper in their water exceeds the action level.
A. True B. False
What are EPA’s Drinking Water Regulations for Copper?

288. Which of the following terms - for copper is 1.3 mg/L or 1.3 ppm?
A. MCLG D. Standard
289. Which of the following terms - as feasible, considering cost, benefits and the ability of
public water systems to detect and remove contaminants using suitable treatment
technologies?
A. MCLG D. Standard
B. MCL E. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs
290. An action technique is a guideline procedure or level of technological performance

which water systems must follow to ensure control of a contaminant.
A. True B. False
291. The treatment technique regulation for copper (referred to as the Lead and Copper
rule) requires water systems to control the corrosivity of the water.
A. True B. False
47
292. The regulation also requires systems to collect piping samples from sites served by the
system that are more likely to have plumbing materials containing plastic.
A. True B. False
293. If more than 10 percent of tap water samples exceed the copper action level of
1.3____________, water systems must take additional steps to reduce corrosiveness.
A. MCLG D. Milligrams per Liter (mg/L)
294. Which of the following terms - promulgated the Lead and Copper Rule in 1991, and
revised the regulation in 2000 and in 2007?
A. CWA D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. SDWA E. EPA
C. OSHA F. None of the Above
Copper Explained
295. Pure copper is?
A. Known also as Lead D. Related to turquoise
B. Soft and malleable E. A liquid like Mercury
C. A carbon-nitrogen chemical F. None of the Above
296. Its compounds are commonly encountered as ___________, which often impart blue
or green colors to minerals such as turquoise and have been widely used historically as
pigments.
A. Copper (II) salts D. A mixture of gold and copper
B. Element E. Salts
C. Carbon-nitrogen chemical F. None of the Above
Cyanide - Inorganic Contaminant 0.2 mg/L MCL

297. Cyanide is a carbon-nitrogen chemical unit which combines with many?
A. Copper (II) salts D. Nitrogen atoms
B. Organic and inorganic compounds E. Salts
C. Carbon-nitrogen chemicals F. None of the Above
Uses for Cyanide.

298. The most commonly used form, __________________, is mainly used to make
compounds and other synthetic fibers and resins.
A. Copper (II) salts D. The nitrogen atom
B. Cyanide (II) E. Salts of the anion CN−
What are EPA's Drinking Water Regulations for Cyanide?

299. Which of the following terms - for cyanide is 0.2 mg/L or 200 ppb?
A. MCLG D. Standard
B. MCL E. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs
48
300. EPA has set this level of protection based on the best available science to prevent
potential health problems. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for cyanide, called a
maximum contaminant level (MCL), at 0.2 mg/L or 200 ppb.
A. True B. False
301. Which of the following terms - are any physical, chemical, biological or radiological
substances or matter in water?
A. Naked contaminants D. Solutions of inorganic contaminants
B. Halides E. Cyanides
C. Contaminants F. None of the Above
Cyanide Explained
302. A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the _______________, which
consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
A. Naked contaminants D. Solutions of inorganic contaminants
B. Halides E. Cyanides
C. Contaminants F. None of the Above
303. Cyanides most commonly refer to ______________which is isoelectronic with carbon

monoxide and with molecular nitrogen.
A. Cyanide salts D. Solutions of salts of the anion CN−,
B. Salts of the anion CN−, E. Cyanides solutions
304. Most cyanides are not toxic.

A. True B. False
Fluoride
305. The _____________ for fluoride is 4.0 mg/L or 4.0 ppm.
A. MCLG D. Standard
B. MCL E. MCLs are set as close to the health goals as possible
306. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for fluoride, called a maximum contaminant
level (MCL), at 4.0 mg/L or 4.0 ppm.
A. True B. False
307. The secondary standard of 4.0 mg/L is intended as a guideline for an upper bound
level in areas which have high levels of naturally occurring fluoride.
A. True B. False
308. The level of the ____________ was set based upon a balancing of the beneficial
effects of protection from tooth decay and the undesirable effects of excessive exposures
leading to discoloration.
A. MCLG D. Secondary standard (SMCL)
B. MCL E. MCL equals the MCLG
49
309. Which of the following terms - is voluntarily added to some drinking water systems as a
public health measure for reducing the incidence of cavities among the treated population?
A. Naked fluoride D. Solutions of inorganic fluorides
B. Halides E. Fluorite and fluorapatite
C. Fluoride F. None of the Above
310. In the case for Fluoride the_____________, because analytical methods or treatment
technology do not pose any limitation.
A. MCLG D. Standard
311. EPA has also set a ________________for fluoride at 2.0 mg/L or 2.0 ppm.
A. MCLG D. Secondary standard (SMCL)
312. Tooth strengthening is caused by excess fluoride exposures during the formative
period prior to eruption of the teeth in children.
A. True B. False
Fluoride Explained
313. Structurally Fluoride and to some extent chemically, the _________resembles the
hydroxide ion.
B. Halides E. Fluoride ion
314. Fluoride is the cation F+, the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded
to another element. Inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides.
A. True B. False
315. Fluoride, like other halides, is a monovalent ion (−1 charge). Its compounds often have
properties that are distinct relative to other halides.
A. True B. False
316. The presence of fluoride and its compounds can be detected by F NMR spectroscopy.
A. True B. False
Occurrence
317. According to the text, solutions of inorganic fluorides in water contain F− and bifluoride
HF−2.
A. True B. False
318. Few inorganic fluorides are soluble in water without undergoing significant hydrolysis.
In terms of its reactivity, fluoride differs significantly from chloride and other halides, and is
more strongly solvated due to its smaller radius/charge ratio. Its closest chemical relative is
hydroxide.
A. True B. False
50
319. When relatively unsolvated, fluoride anions are called?
A. Naked D. Solutions of inorganic fluorides
320. Which of the following terms - is a very strong lewis base.

Natural Occurrence
321. Which of the following terms - are known, but of paramount commercial importance
are fluorite and fluorapatite.
C. Many fluoride minerals F. None of the Above
322. Which of the following terms - is usually found naturally in low concentration in
drinking water and foods. The concentration in seawater averages 1.3 parts per million
(ppm).
323. Fresh water may contains dangerously high levels of _______________ , leading to
serious health problems.
Mercury - Inorganic Contaminant

324. Mercury is a liquid metal found in natural deposits such as ores containing?
A. Aluminum D. Mercury-aluminum amalgam
B. Ultraviolet light E. Other elements
C. Cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) F. None of the Above
Uses for Mercury

325. According to the text, electrical products such as dry-cell batteries, fluorescent light
bulbs, switches, and other control equipment account for 50 percent of?
A. Aluminum D. Mercury-aluminum amalgams
B. Mercury E. Lead
What are Mercury's Health Effects?

326. Some people who drink water containing mercury well in excess of the maximum
contaminant level (MCL) for many years could experience liver damage.
A. True B. False
51
What are EPA's Drinking Water Regulations for Mercury?
327. The MCLG for mercury is 0.002 mg/L or 2 ppb. EPA has set this level of protection
based on the best available science to prevent potential health problems.
A. True B. False
328. EPA reviewed mercury as part of the Six Year Review and determined that the 0.002
mg/L or 2 ppb MCLG and 0.002 mg/L or 2 ppb MCL for mercury are still protective of human
health.
A. True B. False
How will Mercury be removed from my Drinking Water?

329. The following treatment method(s) have proven to be effective for removing mercury to
below 0.002 mg/L or 2 ppb: coagulation/filtration, granular activated carbon, ___________,
and reverse osmosis.
A. A carbon filter D. Lime softening
B. Backwash carbon E. Point of use
Mercury Explained
330. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnamon.
A. True B. False
331. The red pigment vermilion is mostly obtained by?

B. Water-soluble forms E. Reduction from cinnabar
332. Mercury poisoning can also result from exposure to ______________of mercury (such
as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood
contaminated with mercury.
B. Water-soluble forms E. Reduction from cinnabar
333. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers,

though concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and
sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alcohol-
filled,__________.
A. Bottles D. Galinstan-filled, digital, or thermistor-based instruments
B. Ultraviolet light E. Sphygmomanometers
C. Machinery F. None of the Above
334. Mercury is used in lighting: electricity passed through mercury vapor in a phosphor
tube produces short-wave ultraviolet light which then causes the _________to fluoresce,
making visible light.
A. Aluminum D. Mercury-aluminum
B. Ultraviolet light E. Phosphor
52
Amalgams
335. Mercury dissolves to form amalgams with gold, zinc and many other metals.
A. True B. False
336. Copper is an exception; copper flasks have been traditionally used to trade mercury.
A. True B. False
337. Other metals that do not form amalgams with mercury include tantalum, tungsten and
platinum. __________is a common reducing agent in organic synthesis, and is also used in
high-pressure sodium lamps.
A. Aluminum amalgam D. Mercury-aluminum amalgam
B. Ultraviolet amalgam E. Sodium amalgam
338. Mercury readily combines with aluminum to form a _______________ when the two
pure metals come into contact.
B. Ultraviolet amalgam E. Sodium amalgam
339. Amalgam destroys the ______________which protects metallic aluminum from

oxidizing in-depth.
B. Aluminum oxide layer E. Sodium amalgam
340. Mercury is not allowed aboard an aircraft under most circumstances because of the
risk of it forming an amalgam with exposed aluminum parts in the aircraft unless it is in a
copper pot.
A. True B. False
Nitrate (Measured as Nitrogen)

341. EPA regulates _____________in drinking water to protect public health.
A. Nitrates and nitrites D. Nitrates are converted to nitrites
B. Nitrate ion E. Various organic and inorganic compounds
C. Nitrate F. None of the Above
342. Nitrate may cause health problems if present in public or private water supplies in
amounts greater than the drinking water standard set by EPA.
A. True B. False
What is Nitrate?
343. Nitrates and nitrites are ________________which combine with various organic and
inorganic compounds.
A. Nitrogen-oxygen chemical units D. Nitrates are converted to nitrites
53
Uses for Nitrate.
344. According the text, once taken into the body, nitrates are converted to?
A. Nitrates and nitrites D. Nitrites
What are EPA's Drinking Water Regulations for Nitrate?

345. The MCLG for nitrate is 50 mg/L or 50 ppm. EPA has set this level of protection based
on the best available science to prevent potential health problems.
A. True B. False
346. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for nitrate, called a maximum contaminant level
(MCL), at 50 mg/L or 50 ppm.
A. True B. False
How will I know if Nitrate is in my Drinking Water?

347. Water suppliers must notify their customers as soon as practical, but no later than 24
hours after the system learns of the violation.
A. True B. False
348. Additional actions, such as providing alternative drinking water supplies, may be
required to prevent serious risks to public health.
A. True B. False
Nitrate Explained
349. The nitrate ion is a polyatomic ion with the _____________and a molecular mass of
62.0049 g/mol.
A. Nitrates and nitrites D. Molecular formula NO3−
Structure
350. It is the conjugate base of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom
surrounded by three identically bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The
nitrate ion carries a formal charge of -1.
A. True B. False
351. This results from a combination formal charge in which each of the three oxygens
carries a −2⁄3 charge, whereas the nitrogen carries a +1 charge, all these adding up to formal
charge of the_____________________.
A. Nitrates and nitrites D. Polyatomic nitrate ion
54
Nitrite (Measured as Nitrogen) - Inorganic Contaminant 1 mg/L MCL
352. EPA regulates nitrite in drinking water to protect public health. Nitrite may cause health
problems if present in public or private water supplies in amounts greater than the drinking
water standard set by ________________.
A. MCLG D. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
B. Water supplier E. EPA
C. Cops F. None of the Above
What is Nitrite?
353. Nitrates and nitrites are ____________which combine with various organic and
inorganic compounds.
A. Nitrogen-oxygen chemical units D. Nitrates are converted to nitrites
Uses for Nitrite.

354. Once taken into the body, __________ are converted to nitrites.
A. Nitrites D. Nitrogen ions
B. Nitrate ions E. Various organic and inorganic compounds
C. Nitrates F. None of the Above
What are EPA's Drinking Water Regulations for Nitrite?

355. The MCLG for nitrite is 1 mg/L or 1 ppm. EPA has set this level of protection based on
the best available science to prevent potential health problems.
A. True B. False
356. Which of the following terms - the regulation for nitrite, became effective in 1992?
A. MCLG D. EPCRA
B. MCLs E. CWA
C. The Phase II Rule F. None of the Above
How does Nitrite get into my Drinking Water?

357. The major sources of __________ in drinking water are runoff from fertilizer use;
leaching from septic tanks, sewage; and erosion of natural deposits.
A. Nitrites D. Nitrogen ions
Selenium- Inorganic Contaminant 0.05 mg/L MCL

358. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for_____________, with the majority of our
intake coming from foods such as nuts, cereals, meat, fish, and eggs.
A. Vitamins D. Selenide or selenate compounds
B. Drinking water E. Human nutrition
C. Minerals F. None of the Above
55
359. The concentration of Selenium in drinking water is usually high, and comes from
natural minerals.
A. True B. False
360. In soils, selenium often occurs in soluble forms such as selenate, which are leached
into rivers very easily by runoff increasing the amount of?
A. Selenium D. Selenide or selenate compounds
B. Selenium in drinking water E. An essential element
361. Which of the following terms - is also a by-product of copper mining / smelting.
B. Selenium in water E. An essential element for human nutrition
362. Acute toxicity caused by ____________or other sources of intake has been observed
in laboratory animals and in animals grazing in areas where high selenium levels exist in the
soil. The US EPA has established the MCL for selenium in water at 0.05 mg/l.
B. Selenium in drinking water E. High levels of selenium in water
363. Selenium is also used in photoelectric devises because its electrical conductivity
varies with light.
A. True B. False
Selenium Explained
364. Selenium is found impurely in metal sulfide ores, where it partially replaces the
oxygen.
A. True B. False
365. Commercially, selenium is produced as _________________in the refining of these

ores, most often during copper production.
A. Metal sulfide ores D. Silicon
B. Natural deposits E. Glutathione peroxidase
C. Antioxidant enzymes F. None of the Above
366. Minerals that are pure selenide or selenate compounds are known, but are?
A. Selenium based D. Compounds
B. Found in drinking water E. An essential element for human nutrition
367. Selenium continues to be used in a few types of DC power surge protectors and one
type of?
A. Metal sulfide ores D. Silicon semiconductor devices
B. Natural deposits E. Fluorescent quantum dot
C. Selenium F. None of the Above
56
368. Selenium salts are toxic in________________, but trace amounts are necessary for
cellular function in many organisms, including all animals.
A. The poisoner's poison D. Large amounts
B. Pharmaceutical industry E. A heavy layer of oxide
C. Selenium salts F. None of the Above
Thallium- Inorganic Contaminant 0.002 mg/L MCL

369. Thallium is a metal found in natural deposits such as ores containing______________.
A. Metal sulfide ores D. Silicon
B. Natural deposits E. Other elements
Uses for Thallium.

370. The greatest use of ________________is in specialized electronic research
equipment.
A. Nonselective toxicity D. Potassium ores
B. Thallium E. This soft gray poor metal
What are Thallium's Health Effects?

371. Some people who drink water containing thallium well in ___________ for many years
could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines,
or liver problems.
A. MCLG D. MCLGs are set as close to the health goals as possible
B. MCLs E. Excess of the maximum contaminant level (MCL)
C. The Phase II Rule F. None of the Above
Thallium Explained
372. Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81.
A. True B. False
373. Thallium is soft gray poor metal is not found free in nature.______________, it
resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.
A. Nonselective toxicity D. Like Potassium ores
B. When observed E. This soft gray poor metal
C. When isolated F. None of the Above
374. Thallium tends to oxidize to the +3 and +1 oxidation states as ionic salts. The +3 state
resembles that of the other elements in thallium's group (boron, aluminum, gallium, indium).
A. True B. False
375. The +1 state, which is far more prominent in thallium than the elements above it,
recalls the chemistry of alkali metals, and thallium(I) ions are found geologically mostly in
potassium-based ores, and (when ingested) are handled in many ways like
____________by ion pumps in living cells.
A. Metal sulfide ores D. Potassium ions (K+)
B. Natural deposits E. Antioxidant enzymes
57
376. Which of the following - is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear
medicine scan, during one type of nuclear cardiac stress test?
A. Nonselective ion D. Potassium ore
B. Thallium 111 E. Soluble chloride TlCl
C. Thallium 3 F. None of the Above
377. Soluble thallium salts (many of which are nearly tasteless) are highly toxic in quantity,
and were historically used in?
A. Nonselective ion D. Rat poisons and insecticides
B. Thallium 111 E. Soluble chloride TlCl
C. Thallium 3 F. None of the Above
378. Thallium poisoning notably results in tooth loss.

A. True B. False
379. Thallium has gained notoriety as "the poisoner's poison" and "_________________"
(alongside arsenic).
A. Inheritance powder D. Soluble sleeping powder
B. Pharmaceutical powder E. Sleeping powder
C. Saltpeter powder F. None of the Above
pH Section
380. What is the theory which states than an acid is a substance that produces Hydronium
ions when it is dissolved in water, and a base is one that produces hydroxide ions when
dissolved in water?
A. Newton’s D. Amadeus
B. Alkalinity E. Arrhenius
C. Lord Calvin’s F. None of the Above
381. What is the term associated with a charged species, an atom or a molecule, that has
lost or gained one or more electrons?
A. A proton D. An electron
B. Ion E. A cation
C. Anti-matter F. None of the Above
382. What is a substance that has the ability to reduce other substances and is said to be
reductive in nature?
A. Protons D. Electrons
B. An electron donor E. Cations
C. Anti-matter F. None of the Above
383. Pure water has a pH very close to ___________________.

A. 5 D. 7.7
B. 6 E. 7.5
C. 7 F. None of the Above
58
384. According to the text, which of the following parameter/methods/measurements
determine a parameter using a concentration cell with transference by measuring the
potential difference.
A. Primary pH standard values D. pH measurement(s)
B. Alkalinity E. Measurement of pH
C. pH F. None of the Above
385. Mathematically speaking, pH is the negative logarithm of the activity of the (solvated)
hydronium ion, often expressed as the measurement of _______________________.
A. Electrons D. Cation measurement(s)
B. Alkalinity E. Ions
C. Hydronium ion concentration F. None of the Above
386. When measuring alkalinity in determining a stream's ability to neutralize acidic

pollution from rainfall or wastewater, this measurement can be one of the best measures of
the sensitivity of the stream to acid inputs.
A. True B. False
387. One definition of pH is that it is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of
the _________________ , aH+, in a solution.
A. Hydrogen ion activity D. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
B. Ion-selective electrode(s) E. Acid-base behavior
C. (Solvated) hydronium ion F. None of the Above
388. Commercial standard buffer solutions usually comes with information about value and
a correction factor to be applied for what temperatures?
A. 4 °C D. 10 °C
B. 25 °C E. 70 °F
C. 39 °F F. None of the Above
389. Because the pH scale is logarithmic, therefore pH is ________________.

A. Universal indicator D. Excess of Ion concentrations
B. A dimensionless quantity E. A set of non-linear equations
C. A Spectrophotometer F. None of the Above
390. What is the new pH scale is referred to as?

A. Total scale D. Ph3
B. POH E. POE
C. P3H F. None of the Above
391. Alkalinity is able to neutralize _________________ and is measured in a quantitative

capacity in an aqueous solution.
A. Acid D. pH measurement(s)
B. Base E. Bond formation
59
392. When using a visual comparison of the test solution with a standard color chart,
measuring pH values should be done to the?
A. Universal indicator D. Spectrophotometer Example
B. Colorwheel measurement E. Lab test
C. Nearest whole number F. None of the Above
393. According to the manual, this device/method/calculation consists of a mixture of

indicators which shows a continuous color change from pH 2 to pH 10.
A. Universal indicator D. Excess of alkaline earth metal concentrations
B. Colorimeter of spectrophotometer E. A set of non-linear simultaneous equations
C. Spectrophotometer F. None of the Above
394. A(n) _____________is an example of a mathematical procedure for calculating the

concentrations of all chemical species that are present in the solution.
A. Universal indicator D. A chemical speciation calculation
B. pH log E. A set of non-linear simultaneous equations
C. A set of linear equations F. None of the Above
395. According to the manual, under normal circumstances strong acids and bases are
compounds that, for practical purposes, are completely dissociated in water, this means that
the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic solution can be taken to be equal to the
concentration of the acid. The pH is then equal to minus the logarithm of__________.
A. The concentration value D. End-point pH
B. The pH E. A set of non-linear simultaneous equations
C. The Spectrophotometer F. None of the Above
396. The sum of all the titratable bases is the Alkalinity of water and its acid-neutralizing
capacity. What would cause the measured value to vary significantly?
A. Acid D. pH measurement(s)
B. Alkalinity E. End-point pH
397. For strong acids and bases no calculations are necessary except in extreme
situations. The pH of a solution containing a weak acid requires the solution of a quadratic
equation.
A. True B. False
398. While the general case requires the pH solution of?

A. The solution of a cubic equation D. A set of linear simultaneous equations
B. The solution of a linear equation E. A set of non-linear simultaneous
equations
C. The solution of a squared equation F. None of the Above
399. Because alkalinity is significant in many uses and treatments of natural waters and
wastewaters. The measured values also may include contributions from
___________________or other bases if these are present.
A. Acids D. Borates, phosphates, silicates
B. Light metals E. Caustics
C. Rare earths F. None of the Above
60
400. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one pH unit is equivalent to a
______________difference in hydrogen ion concentration
A. 1 D. 10
B. 2 E. 100
C. 5 F. None of the Above
61

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Inorganic Chemical Introduction

4. Organic chemists traditionally refer to any molecule containing carbon as an organic

15. All public water systems must monitor for?

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

17. Which of the following terms - _______ are of VOCs?.

26. To avoid exposure to perchlorothylene, if a _______________is coming from clothing

Health effects include:

33. Allotropy or allotropism is the property of _______________to exist in two or more

Solid State Compounds

Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry

41. Which of the following terms - the province of inorganic chemistry?

Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry

Small Water Filters

Synthetic Organic Chemicals

57. Before recommending_______________, water suspected of containing any of these

Membrane Filtration Processes

74. The formed particles were then removed by?

83. Industrial water uses such as semiconductor manufacturing is also an important

95. Another important feature is their solubility in water, e.g?

99. Soil may contain iron sulfide as pyrite or?

100. Inorganic compounds are also found multitasking as biomolecules: as electrolytes, in

102. Subdivisions of inorganic chemistry are active areas of research in inorganic

Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry

Different classifications are:

Main Group Compounds

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