Solid Geormetryy

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English Spanish

Surface Areas and


7.6
Volumes of Similar Solids

When the dimensions of a solid increase by a


S
STATE factor of k, how does the surface area change? How does the volume change?
STANDARDS
MA.7.G.4.1
1 ACTIVITY: Comparing Volumes and Surface Areas
Work with a partner. Copy and complete the table.
Describe the pattern. Are the solids similar?
Explain your reasoning.
a.

Radius 1 1 1 1 1

Height 1 2 3 4 5

Surface Area

Volume

b.

Radius 1 2 3 4 5

Height 1 2 3 4 5

Surface Area

Volume

330 Chapter 7 Volumes of Solids


English Spanish

2 ACTIVITY: Comparing Volumes and Surface Areas


Work with a partner. Copy and complete the
table. Describe the pattern. Are the solids
similar? Explain.

Base Side 6 12 18 24 30

Height 4 8 12 16 20

Slant Height 5 10 15 20 25

Surface Area

Volume

3. IN YOUR OWN WORDS When the dimensions of a solid increase by


a factor of k, how does the surface area change?
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS When the dimensions of a solid increase by
a factor of k, how does the volume change?
5. All the dimensions of a cone increase by a factor of 5.
a. How many times greater is the surface area? Explain.

5 10 25 125

b. How many times greater is the volume? Explain.

5 10 25 125

Use what you learned about the surface areas and volumes of
similar solids to complete Exercises 4–6 on page 335.

Section 7.6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 331

MSFL7PE_0706.indd 331 10/20/09 3:35:45 PM


English Spanish

7.6 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Solids of the same type that have proportional corresponding linear


Key Vocabulary
measures are similar solids.
similar solids, p. 332

EXAMPLE 1 Identifying Similar Solids

Cylinder B Which cylinder is similar to Cylinder A? Cylinder A

5m Check to see if corresponding 6m


3m linear measures are proportional. 4m

Cylinder A and Cylinder B


Height of A 4 Radius of A 6
Cylinder C —=— —=— Not proportional
Height of B 3 Radius of B 5
7.5 m
Cylinder A and Cylinder C
5m Height of A 4 Radius of A 6 4
—=— —=—=— Proportional
Height of C 5 Radius of C 7.5 5

So, Cylinder C is similar to Cylinder A.

EXAMPLE 2 Finding Missing Measures in Similar Solids


The cones are similar. Find the missing slant heightℓ.
Radius of X Slant height of X
Cone X — = ——
Cone Y Radius of Y Slant height of Y
5 13
13 yd —=— Substitute.
7 ℓ

5ℓ = 91 Use Cross Products Property.


5 yd
ℓ = 18.2 Divide each side by 5.
7 yd

The slant height is 18.2 yards.

Prism A
1. Cylinder D has a radius of 7.5 meters
Prism B
Exercises 4–9 and a height of 4.5 meters. Which
cylinder in Example 1 is similar to 20 in. 8 in.
Cylinder D? w
2. The prisms are similar. Find 8 in.
the missing width and length. 11 in.

332 Chapter 7 Volumes of Solids


English Spanish

Linear Measures
r
h
h
h
h
w w
r

Surface Areas of Similar Solids Solid A a


If two solids are similar, then the Solid B
ratio of their surface areas is equal b
to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding linear measures.
Surface Area of A a 2
—— = —
Surface Area of B () b

EXAMPLE 3 Finding Surface Area


Pyramid A The pyramids are similar. What is the surface area of Pyramid A?

6 ft
Surface Area of A
—— = —
Surface Area of B ( Height of A 2
Height of B )
S
—= —
600 ( ) 6 2
10
Substitute.
Pyramid B
S 36
—=— Evaluate power.
600 100
10 ft

S
600 ⋅ 600 = —
100 ⋅
36
600 Multiply each side by 600.

S = 216 Simplify.

Surface Area = 600 ft2 The surface area of Pyramid A is 216 square feet.

The solids are similar. Find the surface area of the red solid. Round
your answer to the nearest tenth.
3. 4. 5 cm
4 cm

5m
8m
Surface Area = 608 m2 Surface Area = 110 cm2

Section 7.6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 333


English Spanish

Volumes of Similar Solids


Solid A a
If two solids are similar, then the ratio Solid B
of their volumes is equal to the cube
of the ratio of their corresponding b

linear measures.
Volume of A a 3
—= —
Volume of B () b

EXAMPLE 4 Standardized Test Practice


Original
Orig
Origin
inal
al T
Tan
Tank
ankk The dimensions of the touch tank at an aquarium are doubled.
What is the volume of the new touch tank?

A 150 ft3 ○
B 4000 ft3

C 8000 ft3 ○
D 16,000 ft3
Volume
V l =2
2000
000
00 0 fftt 3
The dimensions are doubled, so the ratio of the dimensions in
the original tank to the dimensions in the new tank is 1 : 2.
Original volume
—— = ——
New volume (
Original dimension 3
New dimension )
Study Tip
2000
—= —
V ()
1 3
2
Substitute.

2000 1
When the dimensions —=— Evaluate power.
V 8
of a solid are multiplied
by k, the surface area 16,000 = V Use Cross Products Property.
is multiplied by k 2 and
the volume is multiplied The volume of the new tank is 16,000 cubic feet.
by k 3. The correct answer is ○
D.

The solids are similar. Find the volume of the red solid. Round your
Exercises 10–13 answer to the nearest tenth.
5. 6.

12 cm
5 cm 3 in.
Volume = 9 in.3
4 in.

Volume = 288 cm3

334 Chapter 7 Volumes of Solids


English Spanish

7.6 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY What are similar solids?


2. OPEN-ENDED Draw two similar solids and label their corresponding
linear measures.
3. REASONING The ratio of the corresponding linear measures of Cube A to
2
Cube B is —.
3
a. Find the ratio of the area of one face of Cube A to the area of one face
of Cube B.
b. Find the ratio of the volume of Cube A to the volume of Cube B.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Determine whether the solids are similar.


1 4. 5.
4 in. 4 in.
9 in.
3 in. 2 in.
4 in. 2 in. 1 in.
2 in. 1 in.
3 in.
6 in.

6. 7.
13 ft 20 m
6.5 ft 21 m
6 ft 12 ft 15 m

5 ft 9m
5 ft
12 m
10 ft 29 m
10 ft

The solids are similar. Find the missing dimension(s).


2 8. 9. 13 m
10 ft
5m
6m
4 ft 12 m
c

d
7.5 m
10 in. h
b

Section 7.6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 335

MSFL7PE_0706.indd 335 10/20/09 3:36:13 PM


English Spanish

The solids are similar. Find the surface area S or volume V of the red solid.
Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
3 4 10. 11.
20 in.

4m
6m
Surface Area = 336 m2 15 in.

Surface Area = 1800 in.2

12. 13. 12 ft
10 ft

7 mm
7 mm
21 mm
21 mm
Volume = 7850 ft3
Volume = 5292 mm3


14. ERROR ANALYSIS The ratio of the corresponding
linear measures of two similar solids is 3 : 5. The
volume of the smaller solid is 108 cubic inches.
108
—= —
V ()
3 2
5

Describe and correct the error in finding the 108 9


—=—
volume of the larger solid. V 25
300 = V
15. MIXED FRUIT The ratio of the corresponding linear
The volume of the larger
measures of two similar cans of fruit is 4 to 7. The
solid is 300 cubic inches.
smaller can has a surface area of 220 square centimeters.
Find the surface area of the larger can.

16. CLASSIC MUSTANG The volume of a 1968 Ford Mustang GT


engine is 390 cubic inches. Which scale model of the Mustang
has the greater engine volume, a 1 : 18 scale model or a 1 : 24
scale model? How much greater?

336 Chapter 7 Volumes of Solids


English Spanish

17. You and a friend make paper cones to collect beach glass.
You cut out the largest possible three-fourths circle from each piece of paper.
a. Are the cones similar? Explain your reasoning.
b. Your friend says that
because your sheet of Friend’s paper Your paper
paper is twice as large,
your cone will hold
8.5 in. 11 in.
exactly twice the
volume of beach glass.
Is this true? Explain 11 in. 17 in.
your reasoning.

18. MARBLE STATUE You have a small marble statue of


Wolfgang Mozart that is 10 inches tall and weighs
16 pounds. The original statue in Vienna is 7 feet tall.
a. Estimate the weight of the original statue.
Explain your reasoning.
b. If the original statue were 20 feet tall, how much
would it weigh?

19. RUSSIAN DOLLS The largest doll is 7 inches tall.


Each of the other dolls is 1 inch shorter than the next
larger doll. Make a table that comparess
the surface areas and volumes of
the seven dolls.

Wolfgang Mozart

Add. SECTION 1.2


20. 69 + (−31) + 7 + (−6) 21. −2 + (−5) + (−12) + 20 22. 10 + (−6) + (−5) + 1

23. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the mean of the numbers below? SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

14, 6, 21, 8, 14, 19, 30


A 6 ○
B 15 ○
C 16 ○
D 56

Section 7.6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 337

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