Lecture 2

MATHEMATICS
The term MATHEMATICS is derived from two

Greek words ‘manthanein’ which means
learning and ‘techne’ an art of technique.
Therefore mathematics means the art of
learning related to disciplines.
Mathematics is
defined as the
science of quantity,
measurement and
special relation.
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS
The area of study is known as the history of mathematics

is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries
of mathematics and, to a lesser Extent, an investigation
into the mathematical methods notation of the past.
Chinese mathematics made early contributions including a
place value system.
The origins of mathematical thought lie in the concepts of
number and magnitude.
NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
1. MATHEMATICS IS A SCIENCE OF DISCOVERY
Mathematics give an easy and early opportunity to make

independent discoveries. It is the discovery of relationships
and the expression of those relationships in symbolic form.
2. MATHEMATICS IS AN INTELLECTUAL GAME
Mathematics is mainly a matter of

puzzles,paradoxes,and problem-solving.
3.MATHEMATICS IS A TOOL SUBJECT
Mathematics has its integrity, its beauty, its structure
and many other features that relate to Mathematics as
an end in itself.
4.MATHEMATICS INVOLVES AN INTUITIVE METHOD

The first step in the learning of any mathematical
subject is the development of Intuition. This
must come before rules are stated or formal
operations are introduced
4.MATHEMATICS HAS ITS OWN LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
The language for communication of mathematical ideas is
largely in terms of symbols and words which everybody cannot
understand.
5.MATHEMATICS IS AN ABSTRACT SCIENCE
Mathematical concepts are abstract in the sense that

they cannot be seen That they cannot be seen or felt
in the physical world.
6. MATHEMATICS IS LOGIC
Logic is an important factor in mathematics; it governs the

pattern of deductive proof through which mathematics is
developed.
7.MATHEMATICS DEALS WITH ART OF DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
In mathematics the conclusions are certain and definite.

Therefore the learner can Check the correct solutions.
NEEDS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LEARNING
MATHEMATICS
• Mathematics learning helps to apply mathematical concepts
and theorems to new situations.
• Mathematics provides a clear understanding of laws of nature.
• Mathematics helps in clear understanding of the culture and

development of our civilization.
• Mathematics learning helps to think alternative methods of

solving problems
• Mathematics provides a frame work for solving problems
• Mathematics is a powerful tool in the hands of the learners
• Mathematics learning helps in a better understanding of the

world around us
VALUES OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS
o Develops the power to generalize and classify
o Develops the habit of self study
o Helps students to assume responsibility for his own work
o Develops constructive imagination
o Cultivates the power of attention and concentration
o Inculcates habits of neatness and accuracy

AREAS OF MATHEMATICS TOPICS
Calculus and
Algebra
analysis
Geometry and
combinatorics
topology
Logic&number
theory
MATHS IN DAILY LIFE
COOKING
When we cook we need to measure the ingredience in

terms of table spoons teaspoons ounce Grams kilograms etc.
messing up with the measurements can result in disastrous meals .
DIET
people who are over weight need to be conscious of their

calorie in take. Especially if they are on special weight loss,
Diet knowledge of math is needed to calculate the total amount
of calories consumed in a day.
BANKING
Banking is probably the one place where math is used more

than anywhere else. No one without basic knowledge about math
can’t do anything in a bank.
ARTS
Math is also used by artists while making paintings,
designing collages as well as during dance performances. In
all these cases the size of canvas, the size of the stage,etc play
a very important role and deciding all these aspects is literally
Impossible without the knowledge of math.
SHOPPING
This is probably the most common use of math in which we

make a list of things We need to guy as well as make payments
in the end.
GARDENING
For planning to sow seeds or count the number of plants,

everything requires numbers. All tasks carried out inside a
garden require proper measurements
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
GREAT MATHEMATICIANS
CONTRIBUTION OF EUCLID TO MATHEMATICS
 He is credited with the well known proof of the Pythagorean

theorem
 He solved unresolved problems related to irrational numbers
 He proved what is generally known as Euclid's secondary theorem

that prime numbers are infinite
CONTRIBUTION OF PYTHAGORAS TO MATHEMATICS
 The discovery of irrationals
 Invented a theorem later named it as Pythagoreans theorem
 Many mathematical terms like parabola,elipse etc. Can be attributed

to Pythagoras
 Pythagoras made useful investigations into music and began the

theory of music by measuring the cords of the lyre, a musical
instrument
CONTRIBUTION OF ARYABHATTA TO MATHEMATICS
 Aryabhatta was familiar with place value system

 He knew numeral symbols and the sign of zero
 He has given the method of addition,subtraction,multiplication,of
simple and compound algebraic quantities
 He gave a general solution to linear indeterminate equation by the
method of continued fraction.
CONTRIBUTION OF BHASKARACHARYA TO MATHEMATICS
 He had use the kuttaka method of solving indeterminate equations

 Bhaskaracharya,gave two methods of multiplication in Lilavati
 He for the first time brought the idea of infinity while dividing a
number by zero
 He was aware of arithmetical and geometrical progressions and
explains examples.
 The fundamentals of rolle’s theorem were originated by him.
CONTRIBUTION OF SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN TO MATHEMATICS
 He worked on divergent series.

 1729 is a very famous Ramanujan number.it is the smallest number
which can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in two different
way.
 He also produced quite a number of results in definite integrals in
the form of general formula
 Rumanian's own work on partial sums and products of hyper
geometric series have led to major Development in the topic.
World mathematics day October 15
National mathematics day December 22
Pi day March 14
Square root day April 4
Palindrome day June 10
Pythagorean theorem day August 15
Fibonacci day November 23

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MATHEMATICS

The term MATHEMATICS is derived from two

The area of study is known as the history of mathematics

1. MATHEMATICS IS A SCIENCE OF DISCOVERY

Mathematics give an easy and early opportunity to make

2. MATHEMATICS IS AN INTELLECTUAL GAME

Mathematics is mainly a matter of

4.MATHEMATICS INVOLVES AN INTUITIVE METHOD

5.MATHEMATICS IS AN ABSTRACT SCIENCE

Mathematical concepts are abstract in the sense that

Logic is an important factor in mathematics; it governs the

7.MATHEMATICS DEALS WITH ART OF DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

In mathematics the conclusions are certain and definite.

• Mathematics provides a clear understanding of laws of nature.

• Mathematics helps in clear understanding of the culture and

• Mathematics learning helps to think alternative methods of

• Mathematics provides a frame work for solving problems

• Mathematics is a powerful tool in the hands of the learners

• Mathematics learning helps in a better understanding of the

o Develops the habit of self study

o Helps students to assume responsibility for his own work

o Develops constructive imagination

o Cultivates the power of attention and concentration

o Inculcates habits of neatness and accuracy

When we cook we need to measure the ingredience in

people who are over weight need to be conscious of their

Banking is probably the one place where math is used more

This is probably the most common use of math in which we

For planning to sow seeds or count the number of plants,

 He is credited with the well known proof of the Pythagorean

 He solved unresolved problems related to irrational numbers

 He proved what is generally known as Euclid's secondary theorem

 The discovery of irrationals

 Invented a theorem later named it as Pythagoreans theorem

 Many mathematical terms like parabola,elipse etc. Can be attributed

 Pythagoras made useful investigations into music and began the

 Aryabhatta was familiar with place value system

 He had use the kuttaka method of solving indeterminate equations

 He worked on divergent series.

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