Chapter-1.1 - Mathematics in Our World

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
CHAPTER 1
MATHEMATICS IN OUR
WORLD
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS?
SOME SAY…
It is the study of
numbers and
arithmetic
operations.
SOME SAY…
It is a tool or a
collection of skills
that helps us
answer question of
“HOW MANY” or
“HOW MUCH”.
It is a science of
logical reasoning,
drawing
conclusions from
assumed premises
or strategic
reasoning.
❑ Perhaps it is impossible to give a good
definition of mathematics in a
sentence or two.
❑ However, all could possibly agree that
mathematics in the modern world is a
huge body of knowledge and a very
diverse area of study.
MATHEMATICS in COUNTING
❑ The main property of counting is so
fundamental to our perception of
quantity that it is to assign a numeric
value to a group of objects.
(Bagomolny)
❑ Leads to the concepts of numbers,
numerals, and the four fundamental
operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division)
MATHEMATICS as a STUDY OF PATTERNS
❑ If we contract a set of elements or numbers in which all

these elements or numbers are related to each other in a
specific rule, then this rule or manner is called the pattern.
❑ Pattern connotes order, regularity, and lawfulness.
❑ It is an opportunity to observe, hypothesize, experiment,
discover and create.
Examples of different patterns:
❑ Logical Patterns
➢ One kind of logic pattern deals with the
characteristics of various objects.
➢ Another kind deals with order: there’s a sequence of
objects and a pattern in the attributes the objects
possess.
❑ Logical Patterns
➢Commonly used patterns include classification,
partition, chronology, cause/effect, problem/solution,
if/then, and evaluation.

❑ Geometric Patterns
➢ A geometric pattern is a motif or design depicting
abstract, nonrepresentational shapes such as lines,
circles, ellipses, triangles, rectangles, and polygons.
➢ Patterns made from shapes are similar to patterns
made from numbers because the pattern is determined
by a rule.


How many squares are there?
40
How many triangles are there?
44

❑ Number Patterns
➢ A number pattern is defined as an arrangement of
number in such a way that it follows a particular
property or pattern.
➢ Mathematics is especially useful when it helps you
predict, and number patterns are all about prediction.

❑ Number Patterns
Determine the pattern and find the missing terms in each of
the following sequences.
1. 2, 5,10, 17, ___, 37, ___, 65, ___, ___, ____, 145…
2. ___, 8, ___, 64, ___, 216, 343, …
3. 2 * 3 = 15
3 * 4 = 28
4 * 5 = 45
Then, 6 * 2 = ____
4. 4 * 2 = 8
5 *3 = 11
3 * 6 = 13
Then, 2 * 7 = ____
5. F, T, F, T, T, ___, ___, F, F, F, ___, S, …

6. J, F, M, A, M, ___, ___, ___, …
7. O, T, T, F, F, S, S, ___, ___, T, ____, …
❑ Word Patterns
➢ The metrical patterns of poems and the syntactic
patterns of how we make nouns plural or verbs past tense
are both word patterns, and each supports mathematical
as well as natural language understanding.
➢ The focus is not about how to communicate in
mathematics; rather, it is about patterns in form and in
syntax.
MATHEMATICS in Nature
❑ From rainbows, river meanders, and shadows to spider

webs, honeycombs, and the markings on animal coats, the
visible world is full of patterns that can be described
mathematically.
❑ For instance, the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,13,21,…, called
the Fibonacci sequence, can be found in many natural
patterns like pineapples, sunflowers, nautilus, and pine cones.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The Fibonnaci sequence was invented
by the Italian Leonardo Pisano
Bigollo (1180-1250), who is known in
mathematical history by several
names: Leonardo of Pisa (Pisano
means “from Pisa” and Fibonacci
(which means “son of Bonacci”.
GOLDEN RATIO
Fibonacci discovery of Fibonacci Sequence happened to
approach the ratio asymptotically. He found interesting
and mysterious properties of the Fibonacci sequence that
the series has a deep relationship with the golden ratio.
MATHEMATICS in our World
The Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio
MATHEMATICS in Arts
MATHEMATICS in REAL APPLICATIONS
❑ Mathematics is used as an essential tool in many fields,

including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, finance
and the social sciences.
❑ It is the building block for everything in our daily lives,
including mobile devices, architecture, art, money,
infrastructures, and even sports.
Do It Yourself (Golden Ratio of Beauty)
A= Top of head (1) to chin (2)
B= Top of head (1) to pupil (3)
C= Pupil (3) to nosetip (4)
D= Pupil (3) to lip (5)
E=Width of the nose (6 to 7)
F= Outside distance between eyes (8 to 9)
G=Width of the head (10 to 11)
H=Hairline (12) to pupil (3)
I=Nosetip (4) to chin (2)
J= Lips (5) to chin (2)
K= Length of lips (13 – 14)
L= Nosetip (4) to lips (5)
Now, find the golden ratios. 1.618
a/g =
b/d =
i/j =
i/c =
f/h =
k/e =
e/l =

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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN

❑ If we contract a set of elements or numbers in which all

Examples of different patterns:

Examples of different patterns:

Examples of different patterns:

Examples of different patterns:

Examples of different patterns:

5. F, T, F, T, T, _, _, F, F, F, ___, S, …

❑ From rainbows, river meanders, and shadows to spider

❑ Mathematics is used as an essential tool in many fields,

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