EE-Lab-2 (0124)

National Textile University
BS. Textile Engineering
Experiment No. 2
Determine the use of trainer by connecting resistors in series and parallel.
(Open-ended Lab)
Course Code: EE-3001
Section: Garments
Semester: 6th
MIAN ALI BURHAN TAHIR
20-NTU-TE-0124
Abstract:
1
The purpose of experiment was to determine the use of trainer by connecting resistors in series
and parallel circuits. In order to test the trainer's effectiveness, resistors were connected in series
and parallel circuits. Calculate the voltage drops, current flowing through each resistor, total
potential supplied to the circuit, and total current in a series circuit. additionally compared
estimated values to resistor values using DMM measurements. Again, resistor values for parallel
circuits were measured and compared to estimated values, as well as potential drops and current.
Voltage was computed using a DMM, and current was measured using an ammeter (connected in
series) (connected parallel in the circuit).
Introduction:
A gadget called a "digital electronics trainer" serves as a tool for teaching, learning, and
evaluating digital electronic circuits. It is also intended to give students the opportunity to easily
build, modify, and troubleshoot any type of circuit, making it the perfect educational tool for
academicians.
A trainer is a simple device that aids in the comprehension of fundamental AC/DC current
concepts. It is a highly useful device with mounted breadboard for convenience of use and 5V,
12V, and 9V AC/DC sources. There are also some resistors, a V-meter, and an A-meter built in.
Moreover, it contains a variable resistor (potentiometer) that is used to alter the trainer's output
voltages. This trainer makes it simple to enhance comprehension at the most fundamental level
and tests numerous circuits. A resistor is a current limiting device used for limiting current in a
circuit to save various components. This also has some voltage drops along it which depends
upon its resistance value.
An instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, over a range
of values. Ammeter is an instrument used for measuring current in amperes.
Ohm’s law: Law states that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional
to resistance (I=V/R).
Procedure:
1. Apparatus used for this experiment includes Resistors, Multimeter, Ammeter, 12V DC power
supply (Trainer).
Series
2. Four resistors were first selected for the circuit, and their values were determined using
colour coding. Each resistor's value was then measured using a DMM, and the reading was
recorded. The overall resistor value (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4) was then computed by adding all of
the values. Then formed a series circuit with above resistors.
3. Next, a DMM was used to measure the vin. Also, the potential drop along each resistor was
measured by contacting the parallel resistor legs with the DMM pins. Readings were then
recorded.
4. These same readings were calculated theoretically. As Vin was 12V (written on trainer). V R1,
VR2, VR3, VR4 were calculated by using Ohm’s law (V=IR).
5. Next, a DMM was used to measure the vin. Also, the potential drop along each resistor was
measured by contacting the parallel resistor legs with the DMM pins. Readings were then
recorded.
2
Parallel:
6. Repeated the step-2 to calculate/measure all resistor values but instead of adding resistor
values as (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4) to get total addition in the form (1/R 1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4) was
done for parallel.
7. Then connected above resistors in Parallel configuration.
8. DMM was attached to each resistor and source to get readings for V s and VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4.
Also used Ohm’s Law to calculate total current.
9. But to measure total current, ammeter was connected in series at the end of Parallel circuit.
Observations (Series Circuit):
Item Measured Calculated

Value Value
IR1 6.4 mA 7.1 mA
IR2 6.4 mA 7.1 mA
IT 6.4 mA 7.1 mA
VR1 8.5 V 8.35 V
VR2 3.35 V 3.26 V
VT 11.9 V 12 V
R1 1195 Ω 1200 Ω
R2 466 Ω 470 Ω
Req 1665 Ω 1660 Ω
Calculations:
IT = VT/RT
IT = 12/1660
IT =0.007 A
IT =7 mA
VR1 = IT X R1
= 0.007 X 1195
= 8.36 V
VR2 = IT X R2
= 0.007 X 466
= 3.27 V
REq = R1 + R2 = 1660 Ω
Parallel Circuit:
3
Item Measured Calculated
Value Value
IR1 9.5 mA 9.5 mA
IR2 24 mA 24 mA
IT 34.5 mA 35 mA
VR1 11.91 V 12 V
VR2 11.81 V 12 V
VT 11.65 V 12 V
Req 351 Ω 345 Ω
Calculations:
IT = VT/RT
IT = 12/345
IT = 0.0347 A
IT = 34.7 mA
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 = 345 Ω
Results and Discussion:
To compare the measured and calculated values of current, voltage, and resistance in a series
circuit, we need to measure the voltage and current, and calculate the resistance, by ohms law.
But in parallel configuration, Voltage drop remains same but current varies accordingly.
Conclusion:
It is concluded from the experiment that in series current remains same, but voltage drops is
different across different resistors. But in parallel configuration, Voltage drop remains same but
current varies accordingly.
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National Textile University

BS. Textile Engineering

Course Code: EE-3001

Observations (Series Circuit):

Item Measured Calculated

1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 = 345 Ω

Results and Discussion:

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