Development of Camera Operation and Sensor

Systems of HVAC Duct Cleaning Robot.

JOSHUA WONG CHARNG CHING

Diploma of Manufacturing Engineering

Technology

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

DECLARATION OF THESIS AND COPYRIGHT

Author’s Full Name :

Date of Birth :
Title :
Academic Session :

I declare that this thesis is classified as:

☐ CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret

Act 1997)*
☐ RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the
organization where research was done)*
☐ OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis to be published as online open
access (Full Text)

I acknowledge that Universiti Malaysia Pahang reserves the following rights:

1. The Thesis is the Property of Universiti Malaysia Pahang

2. The Library of Universiti Malaysia Pahang has the right to make copies of the thesis
for the purpose of research only.
3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange.

Certified by:

_____________________ _______________________
(Student’s Signature) (Supervisor’s Signature)

_____________________ _______________________
New IC/Passport Number Name of Supervisor
Date: Date:

NOTE : * If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach a thesis declaration letter.
 THESIS DECLARATION LETTER (OPTIONAL)

Librarian,
Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
26300, Gambang, Kuantan.

Dear Sir,

CLASSIFICATION OF THESIS AS RESTRICTED

Please be informed that the following thesis is classified as RESTRICTED for a period of three
(3) years from the date of this letter. The reasons for this classification are as listed below.
Author’s Name
Thesis Title

Reasons (i)

(ii)

(iii)

Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

_____________________________
(Supervisor’s Signature)

Date:

Stamp:

Note: This letter should be written by the supervisor, addressed to the Librarian, Perpustakaan
Universiti Malaysia Pahang with its copy attached to the thesis.
 SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I have read and checked this project report, and, in my opinion,
this project report is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the
Diploma of Manufacturing Engineering Technology.

_______________________________
(Supervisor’s Signature)
Full Name :
Position :
Date :
 STUDENT’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this report is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledge. I also declare that it has
not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other diploma at University
Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.

_______________________________
(Student’s Signature)
Full Name :
ID Number :
Date :
 TITLE
TITLE
TITLE
TITLE

STUDENT’S NAME

Report submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the Diploma of Manufacturing Engineering Technology

Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

JUNE 2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the
overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers,
footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you create
pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with the current look of your
document.

You can easily change the formatting of a selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab.
You can also format the text directly by using the other controls on the Home tab. Most
controls offer the option of either using the look from the current theme or using a
format that you specify directly.

To change the overall look of your document, choose new theme elements on the Page
Layout tab. To change the looks available in the Quick Styles gallery, use the Change
Current Quick Style Set command. Both the Themes gallery and the Quick Styles
gallery have reset commands so that you can always restore the look of your document
to the original one in your current template.

ii
 ABSTRAK

Bahagian ini perlu ditulis sebagai abstrak dalam Bahasa Melayu. Keseluruhan abstrak
di bahagian ini perlu dibuat dengan merangkumkan pengenalan, kenyataan masalah,
objektif, hasil dapatan beserta kesimpulan projek.

Setiap kenyataan yang ditulis di bahagian ini perlu menepati atau sama dengan yang
ditulis di bahagian abstract di muka surat iv.

iii
 ABSTRACT

You can easily change the formatting of a selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab.
You can also format the text directly by using the other controls on the Home tab. Most
controls offer the option of either using the look from the current theme or using a
format that you specify directly.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF APPENDICES

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 UMP Thesis Template

1.2 Developer Tab

1.2.1 Navigation Pane

1.2.2 Styles Function

1.3 Summary

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Heading 1

2.2 Heading 2

2.2.1 Heading 3

2.3 Other important styles

v
 2.3.1 Another equally important style is the caption. All captions for
figures, tables and equations are formatted using their respective
styles prepared in this template.

2.4 Equations

2.5 Quotes

2.6 Table

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Title

Table 1.2 Title
Table 1.3 Title new
Table 2.1 Sample table 1
Table 2.2 Sample table 2 To allow for greater flexibility, this template
includes another two types of styles for formatting tables, named
Table text center and Table header center

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Enabling the Developer Tab

Figure 1.2 Navigation Pane
Figure 1.3 Enabling the Styles pane
Figure 1.4 Styles pane on the right side of the window, listing all
recommended styles for selection
Figure 1.5 On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to
coordinate with the overall look of your document. On the Insert
tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate
with the overall look of your document.
Figure 1.6 Title
Figure 1.7 Title new

viii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

Q Water flow rate

d Diameter of pipe
A Surface area

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

SBPWM Simple Boost Pulse Width Modulation

ZSI Z source inverter

x
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A TITLE
APPENDIX B TITLE

xi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 UMP Thesis Template

Thesis formatting has long been one of the nightmares for postgraduate students.
Often, students find themselves spending more time than expected just to format their
thesis. Starting from 2016, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) provides Microsoft
Word template of the thesis format to UMP postgraduates. This module aims to guide
users (both postgraduates and undergraduates) to effectively use the template. The
module has been written with step-by-step instructions, accompanied with appropriate
diagrams. Its design is aimed at facilitating users with self-practice on the computer
simultaneously (Crooks & Alibali, 2014).

This document is a template created to ease the thesis writing process. The file
is in .dotx extension, a dedicated file extension for creating a template in Microsoft
Word. Before this template can be applied to your document, it is important that you
should enable several Microsoft Word features first.

Table 1.1 Title

Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text

1.2 Developer Tab

To create a new Microsoft Word document for your thesis based on this .dotx
template, just double click the file. A new document will open in Microsoft Word,

1
normally named Untitled.docx or Document1.docx. You can start writing your content
in that file without having to worry about thesis formatting. However, if you want to
apply this .dotx template to your current thesis, you need to enable the Developer Tab
option first. To do this, see Figure 1 .1.

Figure 1.1 Enabling the Developer Tab

Source: Alexandrov & Alexandrov (2015). Use style named Citation for Figure UMP
for any text here.

Developer Tab will allow you to apply this .dotx template onto any Microsoft
Word document files.

1.2.1 Navigation Pane

Navigation Pane is where you can browse through your thesis based on its
heading name. To enable it, see Figure 1 .2.

2
 Figure 1.2 Navigation Pane

As shown in Figure 1 .2, the option to enable navigation pane resides in View
ribbon.

1.2.2 Styles Function

The basis of applying any given template is controlled by the Styles function.
This function enables the formatting of texts and paragraphs to be predefined. It is
suggested that the Styles pane is placed on the right side of the Microsoft Word working

3
environment so that you can work through the entire thesis formatting and writing most
efficiently. This can be done by clicking a small arrow as shown in Figure 1 .3. If your
pane appears to be floating, click and hold the window and place it on the right side of
the window.

i. On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with
the overall look of your document.
ii. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages,
and other document building blocks.
iii. When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your
current document look.
1. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home
tab.
2. You can also format text directly by using the other controls on the Home tab.
3. Most controls offer a choice of using the look from the current theme or using a
format that you specify directly.

 On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with
the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your
current document look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the
document text by choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on
the Home tab.

4
5
 Figure 1.3 Enabling the Styles pane

Once it has been secured on the right side of the Microsoft Word working
environment, the Styles pane should be able to show the predefined formatted texts and
paragraphs (see Figure 1 .4).

6
 Figure 1.4 Styles pane on the right side of the window, listing all recommended
styles for selection

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with
the overall look of your document. On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are
designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document.

7
 Table 1.2 Title
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text

8
 Table 1.3 Title new
Tile Identity Gender Location Sample
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

9
 Tile Identity Gender Location Sample
24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

Enabling the styles pane will allow faster and easier thesis formatting. To make
sure the title is continued from the previous pages, use TAB Layout / Repeat Header
Rows.

1.3 Summary

This chapter introduces users to the UMP Microsoft Word Thesis Template
in .dotx format and the basic features of Microsoft Word that need to be enabled first
before the .dotx template can be used. Once these important features have been
enabled, your computer should be ready, and the template can now be applied to your
document. You can familiarize yourself with the styles used in this .dotx template.
Some of the styles will be explained further in Chapter 2.

10
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Heading 1

Heading 1 is used in naming each chapter. In this template, it is called Heading

1, UMP Chapter Title. In most cases, a thesis will usually have between five and seven
chapters.

(Gertler, 2003)

2.2 Heading 2

The style used for this subchapter 2.2 is Heading 2, UMP Level 2.

2.2.1 Heading 3

The heading for Subchapter 2.2.1 is formatted with Heading 3, UMP Level 3.

2.2.1.1.1 Heading 5

In this template, style Heading 4 is not used. Instead, the heading for level 4 will
be using the style Heading 5, UMP Level 4. These are all the heading styles needed to
format a thesis.

Heading 6

UMP Level 5 subsection will be headed using Heading 6 style. It is not

numbered as other headings.

11
2.3 Other important styles

All styles developed in this template are essential to ensure proper formatting of
a thesis. The most widely used style is UMP Paragraph. This paragraph style is formatted
by UMP Paragraph syles.

2.3.1 Another equally important style is the caption. All captions for figures,
tables and equations are formatted using their respective styles prepared in
this template.

2.4 Equations

As shown in Equation 2 .1, all equations must be systematically numbered. To

insert any equation, copy the whole equation and numbering as shown below and paste
them on the desired location. Then, edit the equation. The style used for equation is
Caption for Equation UMP.

2.1

The paragraph that comes after an equation of a figure, has to be formatted

using UMP Paragraph 2. This is to allow some space between the paragraph and the
caption of the equation or the figure. This paragraph uses UMP Paragraph 2 style.

2.5 Quotes

In any case that a writer needs to quote 40 or more words, block quotation
should be used. To insert a block quotation, use Quotation UMP style. All quotations
must be properly cited to avoid plagiarism.

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are

designed to coordinate with the overall look of your
document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document
building blocks. When you create pictures, charts, or
diagrams, they also coordinate with the current look of
your document. You can easily change the formatting of a

12
 selected text in the document text by choosing a look for
the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the
Home tab. You can also format the text directly by using
the other controls on the Home tab. Most controls offer
the option of either using the look from the current theme
or using a format that you specify directly.

However, if a quotation is short, in text quotation should be used.

2.6 Table

The text in the paragraph can be formatted using Table text style whereas the
header is formatted using Table header style. Meanwhile, the style for caption is called
Caption for Table UMP. Table 2 .4 shows an example of properly formatted table.

Table 2.4 Sample table 1

Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text
Test Text

Source: Rahman (2007). Use Citation for Table UMP style here.

If the table need citation, use the Citation for Table UMP style at the bottom of
the table. To allow for greater flexibility, this template includes another two types of
styles for formatting tables, named Table text center and Table header center.

13
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

14
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

15
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

16
 REFERENCES

Alexandrov, N., & Alexandrov, V. (2015). Computational science research methods for science
education at PG level. Procedia Computer Science, 51(1), 1685–1693.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.305

Crooks, N. M., & Alibali, M. W. (2014). Defining and measuring conceptual knowledge in
mathematics. Developmental Review, 34(4), 344–377.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.10.001

Gertler, M. S. (2003). Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the
undefinable tacitness of being (there). Journal of Economic Geography, 3(1), 75–99.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/3.1.75

17
APPENDICES

18
APPENDIX A

TITLE

19
APPENDIX B

TITLE

20