ocdameSvide leqcia

gnosticizmi

Cven Teofile antioqielTan dakavSirebiT avRniSnavdiT, rom man erT-erTma

pirvelma daiwyo, wm. iustine martvilTan erTad, mTeli sisavsiT antieretikuli moRvaweoba
da calke monografia miuZRvna erT-erTi mwvaleblobis, kerZod hermogenes, mxilebas. es
antieretikuli, aucilebeli da savaldebulo, ganwyoba eklesiis mamebisa, rac Sesabamisi
Sromebidan gamoixata, TandaTanobiT ufro farTovdeba gamomdinare iqidan, rom
sakuTriv eretikuli moZraoba arnaxul masStabebs iRebs. II saukunis mwvaleblur
gaukuRmarTebaTa Soris yvelaze ufro TvalsaCino xdeba is gaukuRmarTeba, romelic
mravali seqtis saxiT gamovlinda, magram es seqtebi zogadi saxelwodebis qveS
erTiandebian da aRniSnuli saxelwodeba gaxlavT gnosticizmi. amitom vidre Cven ufro
gviandeli epoqis moRvaweebs, gnebavT wm. irineos lionels, romelic swored gnosticizmis
winaaRmdeg mimarTavs mTel Tavis moRvaweobas, gnebavT klimenti aleqsandriels,
origenes an sxvebs SevexebodeT, valdebuleba gvaqvs, rom ganvixiloT gnosticizmi
SedarebiT dawvrilebiT, romelmac rogorc ukve avRniSneT arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia
im gagebiT, rom mTeli xmelTaSuazRvis auzi gnostikuri seqtebiT iyo moculi, erT-erTi
cnobiT am seqtebis raodenobam TiTqmis 200-s gadaaWarba. aseTi simravle gnostikuri
seqtebisa ganpirobebuli iyo aRniSnuli mwvaleblobis mimdevarTa raRac zRvardaudebeli
ampartavnebiT, rac ganapirobebda seqtebis kvlav da kvlav seqtebad dayofas. winaswari da
zogadi azriT rom vTqvaT pirovneba, romelic Tavisi Tavis gansakuTrebulobis
ampartavnebiTaa aRvsili, raRac momentamde itevs sxvis seqtaSi yofnas, sxva pirovnebis
yofnas am seqtis eresierarqad, magram Semdeg mas uCndeba pretenzia, rom is ar SeiZleba
sxvisi mimdevari iyos radgan TviTonaa gansakuTrebuli, mas unda yavdes piriqiT
mimdevrebi da ara is iyos sxvisi mimdevari, ase afuZnebs is damoukidebel seqtas da
iyoliebs mimdevrebs. ai es mxare, sakuTari Tavis gansakuTrebulobisa, rac erT-erTi
yvelaze mkveTrad niSandoblivi Tvisebaa zogadad gnosticizmisa, razec mogvianebiT
visaubrebT, ganapirobebda swored seqtebad dayofas. Tumca es mxare ara mxolod
gnosticizmisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, zogadad gaukuRmarTebani, sakuTari eklesiebis
Camoyalibebani, ganxeTqileba-nic ki, raRac yofiTi detalebidan gamomdinare (rac eklesiis
istoriaSi araerTia), Cveulebriv rogorc eklesiis mamebi gangvimartaven swored amgvari
pretenziis, rom pirovneba TviTon iyos moTave da sxvani ki misi mimdevrebi,
mTavrobismoyvareobis suliskveTiebis safuZvelze xdeboda. IV saukunis erT-erTi didi
moRvawe wm. isidore pelusioli, romlis Sesabamisi epistolec axalqarTuli TargmaniT
gamovaqveyneT, pirdapir ambobs, “mTavrobismoyvareoba rom ar yofiliyo kacTa Soris
saerTod ar iqneboda gansxvavebulobani da erTi sarwmuneoba da erTi aRsareba iqneboda
WeSmariti RvTisao”. sxvaTaSoris Seswavlilia fsiqologiurad, rom adamianma SeiZleba
daTmos yvelanairi materialuri simdidre, keTildReoba, netarebani da a.S. magram ver
daTmos pativmoyvareobiTi ganwyoba. magaliTad adamians urCevnia Tanamdebobaze
darCes da amis sanacvlod yvelanairi yofiTi sikeTe moakldes da marTlac Cven vxedavT
admianebs romlebic ar gamoirCevian materialuri cxovrebis gansakuTrebulobiT, magram
maTi mTavari siamovneba aris tkboba ZalauflebiT. ZalauflebiT tkboba gaxlavT yvelaze
didi sacduri, yvelaze Znelad dasaZlevi da amosaZirkvi vneba, risi safuZvelic mxolod da
mxolod ampartavnebaa. Zalian bevri SemTxvevaa, roca adamians Tabnamdebobidan
gadaayeneben da Tundac rom arsebuli simdidre SeunarCunon, is ver egueba am faqts da
araiSviaTad avaddeba an ukidures SemTxvevaSi kvdeba kidec. ase rom mTavrobis
moyvareoba gaxlavT seqtebad dayofis, danawevrebis, ganxeTqilebis erTaderTi safuZveli
da am SemTxvevaSic gnostikur seqtebSi ubralod mTavrobismoyvareoba ki ar iyo, aramed
raRac zRvardaudebeli, gansakuTrebulobis imdagvari gancda sakuTari Tavisa rac
araubralod sxvasTan damowafebas, sxvasTan Tavis gatolebasac ki ar anebebda
pirovnebas, rac rogorc ukve avRniSneT ganapirobebda kvlav da kvlav seqtebis seqtebad
dayofas. ase rom es niSan - Tviseba, rwmena sakuTari Tavis gansakuTrebulobisa, iyo erT-
erTi maxasiaTebeli gnosticizmisa, rac gamomdinareobda ara raRac fsiqikuri daavadebidan,
rac SesaZlebelia isedac arsebobdes, aramed uSualod moZRvrebidan, rom yvela gnostikosi
TviTonvea bunebiTi RmerTi, yvelafris Semoqmedi. gnostiukuri moZRvrebis mixedviT
gnostikosi da ara gnostikosi swored amiT gansxvavdeba erTi meorisagan, anu arsebobs
mTeli kacobrioba, saidanac calke gamoiyofian gnostikosebi da calke danarCenebi, maT
Soris mijnad is devs, rom gnostikosi bunebiT, dabadebidanve RmerTia, RmerTia ara
vTqvaT zneobrivi gagebiT, metaforulad da simbolurad, aramed pirdapiri, bunebiTi
gagebiT marTlac RmerTia is. da es pativi gnostikoss ki ar mouxveWia da uSromia
amisTvis, aramed daibada RmerTad, anu RvTiuri bunebis nawilis mqoned. saRvTo
bunebis nawili mowyvetili aRmoCnda zeciur samyaros, materiaSi mimoifanta da calkeul
adamianebSi Camkvidrda patar-patara namsxvrevebad da vinc ibadebaba am zeciuri
bunebis nawiliT is bunebiTi RmerTis nawilicaa (nawili pirobiTad iTqmis, rameTu RvTiuri
buneba erTmTliania da ara danawilebuli da nawilis mqoneoba ukve mTelis qonas niSnavs,
amitom pirovneba, romelic ibadeba am RvTiuri nawiliT, ukve masSi bunebiTad saRvTo
nawilia da is bunebiT RmerTia. amitom gnostikosebisaTvis, romlebic sakuTari Tavis
gansakuTrebulobis rwmeniT iyvnen aRvsilni, anu bunebiT RmerTni iyvnen (maTi
gagebiT) sruliad ucxo iyo vinmeze damowafeba. gamonaklisis saxiT damowafeba vinmeze
dasaSvebi iyo maTTvis mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi. gnostikuri swavlebiT adamianisaTvis
sakmarisi ar iyo RvTiuri bunebis nawiliT dabadeba, SesaZloa pirovneba dabadebuliyo am
nawiliT, magram mas es ver gaecnoibierebina, rom masSi iyo RvTiuri bunebis nawili,
romlis namdvili mflobeli maSin xdeba, roca gaigebs, rom es saunje aqvs mas, rom
TviTona bunebiTi RmerTi. amis gacnobierebis Semdeg am nawiliT mTeli pirovneba
xdeba gamsWvaluli, gasxivosnebuli da bunebiTi RmerTi. ai am gamosafxizlebel
etapamde, rom pirovnebisaTvis sxvas daenaxvebina masSi arsebuli RvTiuri nawilis
arseboba, dasaSvebi iyo sxvaze damowafeba. Tuki pirovneba ver gaacnobierebs masSi
RvTiuri bunebis arsebobas, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg am RvTiuri bunebis nawils
Semoecleba xorcieli garsi da is sxva adamainSi gadava, ase imogzaurebs is adamainebSi
sanam romelime ar gaacnobierebs rom masSi aris RvTiuri bunebis nawili. ase rom Tuki
adamiani bunebiT RmerTad ibadeba (gnostikuri swavlebiT) is ra Tqma unda danarCen
kacobriobas uyurebs sruliad qedmaRlurad, rom misTvis sxva araferi ar fasobs, rom is
yvelaferia, bunebiTi RmerTia, amave dros yvelaferi dasaSvebia misTvis, nebismieri
garyvnileba da a.S. gnostikosebi iCemebdnen, rom rogorc bunebiTi RmerTebi, maTze
veraviTari amqveyniuri sacTuri Tu vneba veranair gavlenas ver axdenda da isinic mTeli
arsebiT eflobodnen garyvnilebaSi, TiTqosda imis dasadastureblad, rom es vneba maTze ar
moqmedebda.
 aucilebelia vicodeT isic, rom gnosticizmi ar gaxlavT RvTismetyveleba, anda
filosofia, romelsac Tavisi myari saRvTismetyvelo argumentacia aqvs, maSin roca
gansxvavebiT amisgan nebismier ersi eZiebda argumentirebas, marTalia TviTon
argumentacia TviTon mcdari iyo, magram maTTan am argumentaciis uaryofa ar yofila,
piriqiT isini mTeli ZaliT eswrafodnen sxvadasxva msjelobiTi formebiT daerwmunebinaT
xalxi maT simarTleSi. gnosticizmi ki ar gaxlavT amgvari, is ar aris arc msjeloba, arc
ganxilva, aq aris mxolod Txrobani da amitom mkvlevarebi saubroben e.w. gnostikuri
miTebis Sesaxeb, rom romeliRac pirovneba ki ar gvimtkicebs msjelobiTad Tu rogoraa is
bunebiTi RmerTi (msjelobiTad es verc damtkicdeba), aramed iSveliebs viTomda xilvas da
gadmogvcems ambavs, mokled rom vTqvaT yveba zRapars, miTs, romelic misTvis aris
sarwmuneoba, rom yvela daarwmunos am zRapris realurobaSi. amitom gnosticizmi aseTi
TxrobiTi movlena gaxlavT sxvadasxva ambebis Sesaxeb da visac sjera am ambebis
namdvilobis is TviTonaa pirvel rigSi gnostikosi da Semdeg am gnosticizmis mimdevari. es
ambebi, zRaprebi rom raRac wesrigis formiT warmovadginoT, Tumca yvela seqtaSi es
sxvadasxvanairadaa, yvelaze arsebiTi racaa am seqtebs Soris, aRniSnul TxrobebSi ai amas
unda SevexoT.
pirveli sakiTxi romelic am SemTxvevaSi unda ganvixiloT gnosticizmTan
dakavSirebiT, esaa uwyeba anu Txroba zeciuri samyaros Sesaxeb. zeciur samyaros
gnostikosebi uwodeben zeciur sisavses. aq Cveulebriv uTargmneli rCeba berZnuli termini,
berZnulad sisavse aris “pleroma”, amitom gnostikosebTan Cven araiSviaTad gvaqvs
uwyeba zeciuri pleromas Sesaxeb. es pleroma anu sisavse mudmivad ar arsebobda, mas
Tavisi sitoria aqvs, Tavisi Txroba aqvs. am Txrobis saTaveSi dgas is pirveli RmerTi,
romelic aravisgan ar dabadebula, aramed TviTonaa yvelafris saTave, misi saTave ki
araferia araa (es bunebrivia radgan azrovneba yovelTvis midis raRac iseT sawyisamde,
romelsac Tavisi sawyisi aRar aqvs, romelic TviTonaa yvelafris sawisi, romelic
daubadebeli da Seuqmnelia), mas gnostikosebi sxvadasxva saxels uwodeben, SeiZleb mas
ewodos pirveli azri, pirveli kaci, pirveli goni, zogjer mas sqessac akuTvneben, Cveulebriv
is mamrobiTia, misgan iwyeba yovelive. gnostikosTa mixedviT es pirvelsawyisi ver
kmayofildeba mxolod Tavisi arsebobiT, mas unda rom kidev sxvac iyos mis gverdiT,
amitom es pirveli azri, saTave, dasabami Tavisi Tavisgan TviTSobadobiTad, vinmes
daxmarebis gareSe, Sobs meores, romelic Cveulebriv mdedrobiTi sqesis mqoned gaigeba.
SemdgomSi ukve am oris TanamoqmedebiT iSvebian sxva zeciuri arsni ( es yvelaferi
msgavisa antikuri miTologiisa sadac RmerTebis Sobadoba Cveulebrivi movlenaa.
RmerTebi erTmaneTs adamianebiviT ukavSirdebian sqesobrivad da Soben axal-axal
RmerTebs, xdeba Teogonia, anu RmerTebis Sobadoba), TiToeul am arss gnostikosebi
uwodeben (aqac uTargmneli rCeba berZnuli termini) “eons”, romelic qarTulad niSnavs
saukunes, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi gnostikosebi termins iSvelieben Sinaarsis gareSe,
rogorc sakuTari saxeli (msgavsad imisa Cven rom angelozebs vambobT). ase rom pirveli
uzenaesi eonisgan iSveba meore eoni, mdedrobiTi sqesis, romelTa TanamoqmedebiTac
iSvebian ukve xarisxobrivad qvemore eonebi. am TiToeul axalSobiln eons Seesabemeba
zogjer esa YTu is ca. zeciur pleromaSi aris xarisxebi anu cani, yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli
swavlebiT 30 safexuri, anu 30 ca. es Sinagani mxare am Sobadobebisa CvenTvis am
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba imdenad saintereso araa, ramdenadac is Tu ra aris am SobadoabTa
mizani. mizani mdgoamreobs imaSi rom jer kidev Seuqmneli pleroma, anu zeciuri sisavse
Seiqmnas am SobdaobaTa meSveobiT. rogorc ukve vTqviT pleromas Seqmna iwyeba
pirveli uzenaesi eonisgan, romelic Sobs meore eons, Semdeg isini Sobens qvemore eonebs
da Sobadoba unda mivides iseT wertilamde, romlis iqiTac is veRar gagrZeldeba, anu unda
amoiwuros SobadobaTa mdinareba, es procesi, msgavsad sasmisisa, romelic, masSi wylis
CasxmiT pirTamde ivseba da aRar rCeba carieli adgili, radgan is bolomde avsebulia, ai ase
unda aivsos zeciuri samyaro anu pleroma, rom damTavrdes Sobadobani da Camoyalibdes
pleroma, rom damyardes sruli netareba zeciur samyaroSi da es miRweuli iqna bolo
Sobadobis dros, romelic rogorc ukve giTxariT sxvadasxva seqtaSi sxvadasxva safexuriT
SeiZleba ganisazRvros. yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT esaa 30-e safexuri, anu
ocdameaTe Sobadoba, rodesac iSva 30-e eoni, romelsac gnostikur seqtaTa udides nawilSi
ewodeba rogorc “pistisofia” (aqac uTargmneli rCeba termini da am maTTvis realurad
arsebul arss aqvs sakuTar saxelad. “pisti” niSnavs rwmenas, “sofia” ki sibrZnes). iSva ra
es “pstisofia’ Tavisi zemore eonisgan, zeciuri sisavse bolomde aivso, anu pleroma ukve
Camoyalibda, Seivso da Sobadobanic damTavrda.
Tumca pirveli problema aqve warmoiqmneba. gnostikosTa mixedviT yvela
safexuri am pleromaSi ori Tvisebis mqonea, rom marTalia is zemore safexurisgan, anu
eonisgan aris Sobili, magram amave dros TviTonacaa mSobeli, naSobicaa erTdroulad da
mSobelic. aq imdenad mniSvnelivani araa is rom esa Tu is safexuri naSobia zemore
safexurisgan, ramdenadac is rom es safexuri mSobelia qvemore safexurisa (am
SemTxvevaSic mTavrobismoyvareoba saxezea), rom survili mSoblobisa, rom wyaro da
saTave iyos eoni sxva eonisa Zalzed mZlavria. ukanaskneli eoni, “pistisofia” ki
gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevaa, rom is zemoresgan kia naSobi, magram radgan zeciuri
mSveniereba ukve Semdgaria, pleroma Sevsebulia, mas aRar SeuZlia ukve iyos wyaro
sxvisTvis, rom manac gadasces sxvas masSi arsebuli mSveniereba. “sofia” aixedavs
zemoT da dainaxavs mSvenierebaTa uwyvet safexurebs, rom TiToeuli safexuri wyaro da
saTavea ufro qvemore mSvenierebisa, mSobelia, da am mSoblobiT netarebs is da masac
gauCndeba dauZleveli survili, rom ara mxolod naSobi iyos sxvisgan, aramed TviTonac
iyos wyaro mSvenierebisa, misgan iyos vinme naSobi, TviTonac qondes mSoblobis
netareba. is gadawyvets, rom Tavisi Tavisganac Svas vinme da amas aRasrulebs kidec,
moqmedebaSi moiyvans am survils da aq xdeba kidec pirveli da gadamwyveti komfliqti
zeciur samyaroSi. “sofia” marTalia Sobs Tavisi Tavisgan arss, magram misi adgili ukve
zeciur pleromaSi aRaraa, rameTu is avsebulia, rogorc ukve vTqviT da rogorc pirTamde
wyliT avsebul Tass rom kidev wyals davamatebT es wyali gadmoiRvreba am Tasidan, am
SemTxvevaSic “sofiasgan” naSobi arsi zeciuri sisavsisagan gareT aRmoCndeba, masSi ara
rsebuli tevadobis gamo. es movlena, ufro sworad ki is arsi, romelic gareT aRmoCnda,
gaxlavT mTeli Semdgomi ubedurebebis saTave da am epizodidan iwyeba ukve am xiluli
samyaros istoriac. “sofiasgan” naSobi arsi gaorebul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba,
rameTu erTis mxriv is zeciuri pleromis gareTaa da amave dros ki “sofias” nawils, da
Sesabamisad am zeciuri sisavsis nawils Seicavs (mSobloba amiT gasnxvavdeba
Seqmnisgan. me SiZleba Cemi nebiT raime Sevqmna da imaSi Cemi arsebis nawili ar iyos,
magram Soba niSnavs imas, rom Cemi Tvisebisgan, Cemi arsebisgan vSob raimes,
romelsac Cemi arsebis nawili aqvs. dedisgan rom Svili iSveba mas aucileblad aqvs dedis
nawili, magram adamiani rom WurWels, an raime nivTs Seqmnis, am nivTs ra Tqma unda
misi arsebis nawili ver eqneba. amitomaa rom saeklesio swavlebiT, rodesac ufali qmnis
mTel samyaros Tavisi arsebisgan ki ar qmnis, RvTis bunebis nawili ki araa masSi, aramed
saRvTo nebisgan iqmneba yovelive. magram rodesac mama RmerTi Sobs Ze RmerTs,
mamis arseba mTlianadaa ZeSi. ase rom Soba erTia da is arsobriv gamomdianreobas
gulisxmobs, da Seqmna meore rac nebelobasa da ganzraxvazea damokidebuli), radgan
zeciur samyaroSi gnostikosTa mixedviT Sobadobania. “sofiasgan” naSob arss, romelic
pleromas gareT aRmoCnda, gansxvavebiT yvela sxva zeciuri mSvenierebis safexurebisgan
ori Tviseba axasiTebs. gamomdibare iqidan rom zeciuri sisavse aris TavisTavadi
mSveniereba, yovladi mSveniereba da mis gareT arsebuli yvelaferi aris uSvereba da
simaxinje. Sesabamisad “sofiasgan” naSobi da pleromas gareT darCenilic arsi simaxinjea,
radgan is ar imyofeba mSvenierebis wiaRSi, aramed mis gareTaa. Tumca am gareT
darCenil simaxinjeSi aris “sofias”, anu zeciuri mSvenierbis nawili, saRvTo bunebis nawili.
ai es ori urTierTdapirispirebuli movlena gamTlianebulia “sofias” naSobSi, romelsac
sxvadasxva saxeli aqvs sxvadasxva gnostikur seqtebSi, romelTagan erT-erTi miRebuli
saxelia, rTuli sityva, ialda-bauTi, romelic etimologiurad arafers ar niSnavs. saerTod
gnostikosebs qondaT aseTi Tviseba, rom meti crurwmeniTi zegavlenis mosaxdenad
absoluturad ararsebuli bgerebisgan Seadgnendnen raRac sityvas, romelsac araviTari
etimologia da azria ar qonda da am gaugebrobiT, rom ver ganWvretda adamiani mis
Sinaarss, axdendnen gavlenas (es magiuri msaxurebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa,
raRac iseTi sityvebis mofiqreba, romlis Sinaarssac veravin ver gaigebs, da aqedan
gamomdianre zegavlenis moxdena adamainebze, maTTvis SiSis CanergviT, am
aRmatebuli, maTTvis, viTom gaugebari sityvebiT). swored es ialda-bauTia
gnostikosebisTvis Zveli aRTqmis RmerTi, mTeli am xiluli soflis meufe.
zeciur sisavseSi datrialebuli ubedureba, rac gamoiwvia zeciuri nawilis am
sisavsisgan gareT aRmoCenam, amiT ar damTavrebula. zeciuri pleroma imyofeba
tanjvaSi, agoniaSi, radgan mas ase vTqvaT moekveTa raRac nawili, romelic mis gareTaa
darCenili, da ukve is sisavse aRaraa, misi netareba darRveulia. amitom amis Semdgomi
mTeli istoria am zeciuri samyarosi aris mcdeloba iqiTken, rom pleromasagan gasuli nawili
kvlav ukan daabrunon, radgan am nawilis gareSe misi sisavse darRveulia da is imyofeba
tanjvaSi. zeciuri samyaro iwyebs am dakarguli nawilis povnas.
amasobaSi ialda-bauTi ase vTqvaT Tvalebs gaaxels da dainaxavs, rom am
qveynad masze diadi aravinaa. is zeciur samyaros ver xedavs, masze aRmatebuls, radgan
simaxinjea da simaxinjes ki ar SeuZlia mSveneirebis danaxva da amitom aris uaRresad
gaampartavnebuli, rom TviTonaa yovlierebis meufe da es gancda mas amoaZaxebinebs
Sesabamis sityvebs, rom “ar aris Zala Cemze ufro udiadesi”. rogorc ki is amas
amoiyvirebs, ialda-bauTi, mas uecrad wamierad, xedva gaexsneba da mTeli zeciuri
samyaro, Tavisi mSveneirebiT gamobrwyindeba mis winaSe da sasmenelamde Camova
xma, rom “aris Zala udiadesi Sens zemoT da mTeli mSveniereba”, aixedavas ialda-bauTi
zemoT, saidanac mas xma moesma da dainaxavs am warmoudgenel mSveneirebas da
maSin gaacnobierebs is rom TviTon masSi SigniTac am mSvenierebis nawilia davanebuli.
magram rogorc zogadad simaxinjes sCvevia, is amis gamo kmayofilebas ki ar miecema,
piriqiT RvarZli Seipyrobs, rom marTalia is Tavis Tavs Tvlida gansakuTrebulad, magram
aRmoCnda masze gacilebiT aRmatebuli ram. Tumca mas isic kargad esmis rom masSi aris
am mSvenierebis, masze aRmatebuli zeciuri samyaros nawili, romelic mas ver msWvalavs,
rameTu SeuZlebelia mSveniereba simaxinjes arsobrivad Seerwyas, amitom es nawili
gamijnulia misgan, magram masSi datyvevebuli. rogorc ki am faqts gaacnobeirebs ialda-
bauTi, imasac mixvdeba rom zeciuri pleroma ecdeba masSi datyvebeuli mSvenierebis
nawilis ukan mitacebas da am nawilis gareSe ki mas araviTari Rirseba aRar eqneba.
amitom igrZnobs ra ialda-bauTi am safrTxes, gadawyvets rom rogorme es zeciuri
mSveneirebis nawili Tavisi Tavisgan ar gauSvas da bolomde SeinarCunos, Tumca imasac
xvdeba rom zeciuri Zalebi masze gacilebiT aRmatebuli da SemZleni arian da amitom is
cdilobs sadme gadamalos es nawili, rom zeciurma Zalebma mas ver miagnon. aqedan
iwyeba ukve gnostikosTa cru swavlebani bibliuri uwyebebis mxriv. mTeli bibliuri Txroba
maTTan aris piruku wakiTxuli, anu rasac bibliur-saeklesio tradicia Rirsebas akuTvnebs is
maTTvis uRirsebaa da piriqiT rac bibliur-saeklesio tradiciisaTvis uRirsebaa is maTTvis
Rirsebaa.
rogorc ukve giTxariT ialda-bauTi gnostikosebisaTvis Zveli aRTqmis RmerTia.
Cven aq mivdivarT meore mniSvnelovan gnostikur moZRvrebasTan, rom erTia Txroba
zeciuri pleromas Sesaxeb, zemoTganxiluli SobadobaTa wesiT, rasac mosdevs am pleromas
tragedia misgan gareT aRmoCenili zeciuri nawilis gamo da meore esaa Zveli da axali
aRTqmis RmerTis gamijvna. bibliur-saeklesio swavlebiT mogexsenebaT RmerTi erTia da
is Zvel aRTqmaSic avlens Tavs da axal aRTqmaSic, Zveli da axali aRTqma erTi RmerTis
aRsarebaa. gnostikosebi ki mkveTrad mijnaven Zveli aRTmis da axali aRTqmis
RmerTebs, maTTvis Zveli aRTqmis RmerTi aris boroti, moSurne, naxsenebi ialda-bauTi,
axali aRTqmis RemrTi ki maTTvis aris piriqiT Zveli aRTqmis RmerTTan dapirispirebuli,
zecidan movlenili Zala, zeciuri bunebis naperwkalis, nawilis ukan wasaRebad.
rogorc ukve vTqviT ialda-bauTi moculia im ganwyobiT rom rogorme masSi
arsebuli zeciuri mSvenierebis nawili sadme gadamalos. is moifiqrebs rom Seqmnas vinme
sxva arsi da masSi, rogorc satusaRoSi ase Caamwyvdios es nawili. am gagebiT is akeTebs
samoTxes, Semdeg ki Seqmnis adamsa da evas, romelTac am samoTxeSi daasaxlebs.
Tavdapirvelad is qmnis adams, romelSic Cadebs am nawils, magram mas yofnis imis
Segneba, rom erTi adamainidan advilia am nawilis mitaceba, saWiroa misi danawileba,
rom erTi adamainisgan Tu iqneba mitacebuli raRac nawili, meoreSi garkveuli raodenoba
am nawilisa darCeba da umciresi nawilic rom akldes zeciur samyaros is iseTive tanjvasi
darCeba, rogorc iyo, radgan sisavse ver eqneba mas. Amitom adamTan erTad Seqmnis
evas, gaanawilebs maT Soris am nawils da maT samoTxeSi daamkvidrebs, rogorc
satusaRoSi (ase gaigeba samoTxe gnostikosebTan). satusaRoSi im gagebiT, rom marTalia
adamsa da evas es adgili mSvenieri hgoniaT, magram maT ar aqvT gacnobierebuli is Tu ra
saganZuria maTSi, gnostikosTa mixedviT xom adamiani maSin xdeba gnostikosi, roca is
gaacnobierebs masSi arsebul saRvTo bunebis nawilis arsebobas da roca es moxdeba is am
nawiliT ganimsWvaleba mTlianad, am nawilad gardaiqmneba, es nawili xdeba TviTon
pirovnulad, anu bunebiT RmerTad warmoCindeba. adamma da evam ki ar icin maTSi
arsebuli saunjis Sesaxeb, isini micemulni arian miwis damuSavebas da sxva garegan
movlenaze aqvT gadatanili yuradreba. rac Seexeba im or xes, romlebic bibliuri TxrobiT
danergilni arian samoTxeSi, gansakTrebiT xe cnobadisa keTilisa da borotisa,
gnostikosebisTvsi aris codnis xe da aqedan gamomdianre aukrZala ialda-bauTma misi
nayofis Wama adamsa da evas, rom amiT maT aukrZala sakuTari Tavis Secnoba,
gacnobeireba imisa Tu ramxela saunjea maTSi Cadebuli. amasobaSi ki zeciuri samyaro
ibrZvis dakarguli nawilis ukan misataceblad, am mizandasaxulobiT is agzavnis
dedamiwaze gvels (gveli gnostikosebisTvis aris didi Rirsebis mqone arsi da Tu saelesio
tradicia piriqiT eSmakad warmaoCens mas, gnostikosebisaTvis piriqiT es gveli aris zeciuri
samyarodan wamogzavnili), adamsa da evasTan, rom maT gaucnobieros maTi zeciuri
warmomavloba, rom isini TavianTi bunebiT zeciur smyaros ekuTvnian, rom maTSi aris
saRvTo bunebis nawili. gveli SeaRwevs adamsa da evasTan (rogorc es bibliaSia
gadmocemuli) da TiTqos maT auxsnis imas Tu ratom aekrZalaT maT am xis nayofis
Wama, rom misi SeWmiT isini miiReben codnas da gaiegeben vinc arian, rom ialda-bauTs
gacilebiT aRematebian, radgan zeciuri samyaros nawilebi arian. ialda-bauTi cxadia
midarajebulia am yovelives, xvdeba rom raRac cudi xdeba, rom SesaZloa zeciuri
mSvenierebis nawili mitacebul iqnes da amitom is gadawyvets, rom ar daayovnos da
adami da eva sxva ufro Sors gadamalos. gamaoZevebs maT samoTxidan, samoTxesTan
daayenebs Tavis guSags da ase vTqvaT qvesknelSi, ufro mdare adgilas gadamalavs maT
da Tan Seuqmnis gamravlebis pirobas, rom maT STamomavloabSi es zeciuri bunebis
nawili kide ufro danawevrdes, anu iwyeba adamisa da evas yofiTi, cxoveluri cxovreba.
mogexsenebaT maT SeeZinebaT ori Ze, jer kaeni da Semdeg abeli da rogorc gvelTan
dakavSirebiT vTqviT, rom gveli gansakuTrebuli pativis sagania gnostikosebTan (ori
seqtac ki arsebobda am kuTxiT, mofitebis da naasenebis, rac gvelTayvanismcemlobas
niSnavs orive SemTxvevaSi), asevea kanesa da abelTan dakavSirebiTac da Tuki bibliur-
saeklesio tradicia abels scems Tayvans, piriqiT gnostikosebi kaens eTayvanebian, radgan
kaeni miaCniaT erT-erT pirvel mflobelad im zeciuri nawilisa, anu pirvel gnostikosad,
romelic gamofxizlebas iwyebs. am mxrivac arsebobda cnobili kaenitebis seqta, romelTa
mixedviTac abeli mSvinvieri arseba iyo. gnostikosebi ukve ayalibeben moZRvrebas
kacobriobis samnawiledobis Sesaxeb. arsebiTad isini ornawiledaT yofen, rogorc ukve
giTxariT, mTel kacobriobas: gnostikosebi da danarCenebi, magram es dayofa maTi azriT
ver mouxveWda xalxis mxardaWeras, maT rwmenas da garkveuli ikonomia anu daTmoba
gaakeTes, rom samnawildaT dayves kacobrioba. erTi nawili eseni arain sakuTriv
gnostikosebi, anu sulis mqoneni, bunebiTi RmerTni, roemlTac sxvanairad ewodebaT
“pnevmatikoi” anu sulierni. mesameni arian xorcielni anu “sarkikoi”, romlebic moklebulni
arian yvelafers, sikeTes da rogori moRvaweobac ar udna aCvenon ver miiReben veraviTar
sikeTes, vinc rogorc bze da Cala ase daiwvebian, radgan bunebiTad maT ar aqvT saRvTo
nawili, amitom maT cxovrebas araviTari azri ar aqvs. rac Seexeba meore Sualedur
mdgamreobas esaa yvelaze gaurkveveli mdgoamreoba. am nawilSi SemavalT isini
uwodeben “fsixiko”, anu mSvinvierni, romlebic bolomde ar moispobian, magram verc
pleromaSi ver Sevlen, aramed mis garSemo itrialeben, ar ganqardebian, magram arc
netarebaSi iqnebian.
rac Seexeba maT mier kaenis Tayvaniscemas. gnostikosTa mixedviT kaeni
Tayvansacemia da piriqiT abeli araa amis Rirsi gamomdianre maT mier RmerTisadmi
(ialda-bauTi) mirTmeuli msxverplidan. mogexsenebaT abeli sisxlian msxverpls umzadebs
RmerTs, xolo kaeni usisxlos, anu abeli mSvinvieria da xorcielebaSi Cafluli, maSin roca
kaeni Tavs aridebs aseT rames da xili da nayofi miaqvs msxverplad, anu kaenia sulieri.
kaenis mier abelis mvleloba ki maTTvis aris im brZolis yvelaze arqauli epizodi, romelic
daiwyo simaxinjis, sibnelis dasamarcxeblad da zeciuri nawilis ukan misataceblad. magram
am dros xdeba movlena ialda-bauTis STagonebiT, rom adamsa da evas uCndebaT mesame
Svili seiTi (gnostikosebi seTis formiT iyeneben mis saxels) da Semdeg mTeli kacobrioba
iwyebs gaCenas, sadac es nawili TandaTanobiT nawevrdeba. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
gnostikosebi avlenen seiTis mimarT, rameTu is miCniaT gnostikuri xazis fuZemdeblad.
pirvelgnostikosi yvela seqtisTvis aris seiTi, esaa is pirovneba, romelic seiTianTa
STamomavlobas udebs saTaves, sadac gadadis kidec genetikurad saRvTo nawili. amitom
seiTianelebi gamoirCevian, aRematebian kaenitebs da isini gansazRvraven am zeciuri
naperwklebis (ukve naperwklebadaa is dayofili) mogzaurobas kacobriobis sitoriaSi.