AP 10

Department of Education
DIVISION OF CEBU PROVINCE
LAMAK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Lamak, Mayana, Barili, Cebu

SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: ARALING PANLIPUNAN Grade: 10 Level:______ Quarter: 3 Week: 4
MELC: Nakagagawa ng hakbang na nagsusulong ng pagtanggap at paggalang sa kasarian na nagtataguyod ng
pagkakapantaypantay ng tao bilang kasapi ng pamayanan

A. Babasahin

Iba’t ibang hakbang tungo sa pagtanggap at paggalang sa kasarian

Gender Equality

Nananatiling malaking isyu at hamon ang pagkakapantay-pantay ayon sa kasarian. Sa Pilipinas, kahit malayo
na ang narating ng kababaihan sa larangan ng politika, negosyo, media, akademya, at iba pang larangan;
nanatiling biktima pa rin sila ng diskriminasyon at karahasan. Ngunit hindi lamang sila ang nahaharap sa
diskriminasyon at karahasan, maging ang mga kalalakihan rin ay biktima nito. Panghuli, ang tinawag ni Hillary
Clinton (2011) na “invisible minority” ay ang mga LGBT, ang kanilang mga kuwento ay itinago, inilihim at
marami sa kanila ang nanahimik dahil sa takot. Marami sa kanila ang nahaharap sa malaking hamon ng
pagtanggap at pagkakapantay-pantay sa pamilya, paaralan, negosyo, lipunan at maging sa kasaysayan. Kaya
naman ang gender equality o pantay na karapatan at oportunidad sa lahat ng kasarian ay dapat isulong at
paigtingin sapagkat kung hindi magiging pantay ang turing sa bawat kasarian o kung ito ang magiging
basehan ng pagkatao ng isang indibidwal, ito ay maaaring magdulot ng hindi pantay na pagtrato.

Ayon sa dating senador na si Loren Legarda (Senate Women's Month Privilege Speech, 2011) ang papel na
ginagampanan ng mga babae sa ating lipunan ay patuloy na nagbabago. Matapos mabigyan ng
pagkakataong makapag-aral, ang mga babae ay naging aktibong bahagi na ng puwersang manggagawa,
kadalasa'y gumagawa ng trabahong dati'y laan lang para sa mga lalaki. Isang magandang halimbawa ay ang
hakbang ng ilang bus companies na kumuha ng babaeng driver na tinuruang magmaneho ng Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) at rekomendado ng Metro Manila Development
Authority. Ayon pa rin sa kanya, hindi komo maraming babae na ang nakapagtatrabaho ay sapat na ito. Hindi
komo nakikibahagi na sila sa paggawa ng desisyon sa pamilya, sa komunidad at sa bansa, ay
nangangahulugang pantay na sila sa mga lalaki.

Noong 2018, inilabas ng Forbes Magazine ang kanilang “Most Powerful People in the World.” Sa 75 na tao na
nasa listahan, lima lamang dito ang babae. Sina Angela Merkel, Chancellor ng Germany; Theresa May, Prime
Minister ng United Kingdom; Christine Lagarde ng International Monetary Fund; CEO ng General Motors na si
Mary Barra at si Abigail Johnson, CEO ng Fidelity Investments. Sa kabuuang 49.6% na populasyon ng babae
sa mundo, limang tao lamang ang napabilang at itinuturing na pinakamakapangyarihan sa mundo.

Dito sa Pilipinas, ang partisipasyon ng kababaihan sa politika ay higit na mababa kumpara sa kalalakihan.
Dalawang babae ang naging presidente ng bansa at sa ika-18 kongreso, 7 lamang sa 24 na senador ang
babae. Sa edukasyon, higit na marami ang babaeng nakapag-enrol sa elementarya at sekondarya. Sa taong
2015, ang female net enrollment ratio (NER) sa pribado at pampublikong mababang paaralan ay nasa 91.96%
habang ang ay male NER ay nasa 90.2%. Samanatala, batay sa Labor Force Survey o LFS noong Enero
2021, mas mataas ang Labor Force Participation Rate ng mga lalaki (73.9%) kaysa sa mga babae (46.9%)
(Philippine Statistics Authority, 2021)

Kampanyang HeForShe.org

Ang HeForShe.org ay pinag-isang kampanya ng UN Women para sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng kasarian. Ito

rin ay naglalayong isama ang kalalakihan sa laban sa di-pantay na pagtrato sa kababaihan at para rin sa
karapatan ng kababaihan. Noong ika-20 ng Setyembre taong 2014 sa punong tanggapan ng United Nations,
pinangunahan ni Emma Watson ang isang kampanya para sa HeForShe.org. Ito ang kanyang pahayag:

13 | P a h i n a
 Today we are launching a campaign called for HeForShe. I am reaching out to you because we
need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is
the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible
to be advocates for change. And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that
it’s tangible.
I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago. And, the more I
spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become
synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.For the
record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and
opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes.
I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused
for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but
the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at
15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to appear muscly.
When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings.
I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has
shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as
feminists. Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too
aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even.Why has the word become such an
uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male
counterparts.
But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to see
these rights. No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality. These rights, I
consider to be human rights, but I am one of the lucky ones.

We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes, but I can see that they are,
and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence. If men don’t have to
be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. If men don’t have to
control, women won’t have to be controlled.

Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be
strong. It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum, instead of two sets of opposing ideals.
If we stop defining each other by what we are not, and start defining ourselves by who we are, we can all
be freer, and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom
I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters, and mothers can be free from prejudice,
but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim those parts of
themselves they abandoned, and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves.

You might be thinking, “Who is this Harry Potter girl, and what is she doing speaking at the UN?”
And, it’s a really good question. I’ve been asking myself the same thing.
All I know is that I care about this problem, and I want to make it better. And, having seen what I’ve seen,
and given the chance, I feel it is my responsibility to say something.
Statesman Edmund Burke said, “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and
women to do nothing.”

In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt, I told myself firmly, “If not me,
who? If not now, when?” If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you, I hope
those words will be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing, it will take seventy-five years,
or for me to be nearly 100, before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work.
15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates, it won't be until
2086 before all rural African girls can have a secondary education.
If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists that I spoke of
earlier, and for this, I applaud you. We are struggling for a uniting word, but the good news is, we have
a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I invite you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself,
“If not me, who? If not now, when?”
14 | P a h i n a
SOGIE Bill at Politikal na Paglahok ng LGBT
Ayon sa pag-aaral na ginawa ng United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights o
UN-OHCHR noong 2011, may mga LGBT (bata at matanda) na nakaranas ng di-pantay na
pagtingin at pagtrato ng kanilang kapwa, pamilya, komunidad at pamahalaan. Kaya naman sa
paglipas ng panahon, hindi lamang karapatan ng kalalakihan at kababaihan ang ipinaglalaban ng
iba’t ibang indibidwal o grupo. Kabilang din sa mga isinusulong ay ang karapatan ng mga
miyembro ng LGBT community kaya naman mayroong panukalang batas na naglalayong magsulong
nito, ito ang SOGIE bill.

Ang SOGIE bill, base sa nilalaman ng panukala ni Senator Riza Hontiveros ay naglalayong
maiwasan ang anomang anyo ng diskriminasyon base sa sexual orientation and gender identity or
expression ng isang tao. Base pa rito, ang panukalang batas na ito ay pagpapakita ng pagsunod ng
pamahalaan sa Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR), at sa International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights
(ICESCR) na nagsasaad na dapat matamasa ng bawat tao ang patas at epektibong proteksiyon
laban sa diskriminasyon sa kahit anomang basehan katulad ng lahi, kulay, kasarian, wika,
relihiyon, politikal at iba pang opinyon; pambansa o panlipunang pinagmulan, kapanganakan, at
iba pang estado sa buhay.

Bukod sa nasabing panukalang batas, makikita rin natin ang patuloy na paglaban ng mga grupo
ng LGBT para sa pantay-pantay na karapatan, oportunidad at pagtanggap sa pamamagitan ng
politikal na paglahok. Dito sa ating bansa, ang natatanging partido politikal para sa mga lesbian,
gay, bisexual at transgender (LGBT) community ay ang Ladlad. Sila ang tumitingin sa mga
kapakanan ng nasabing komunidad. Sila ay sumubok tumakbo upang makakuha ng posisyon sa
Kongreso noong 2007, 2010, at 2013. Ang kanilang plataporma ay ang sumusunod:

1. Re-filing of the Anti-Discrimination Bill, which gives LGBT Filipinos equal opportunities in
employment and equal treatment in schools, hospitals, restaurants, hotels, entertainment centers,
and government offices.
2. Re-filing of the bill to repeal the Anti-Vagrancy Law that some unscrupulous policemen use to extort
bribes from gay men without ID cards.
3. Setting up of micro-finance and livelihood projects for poor and differently-abled LGBT Filipinos.
4. Setting up of centers for mature-aged gays, as well as young ones driven out of their homes. The
centers will also offer legal aid and counseling, as well as information about LGBT issues, HIV and
AIDS, and reproductive health.

Gumawa rin ng kasaysayan si Geraldine Roman noong siya ay nagwagi sa Eleksiyon 2016 bilang kongresista
ng unang distrito ng lalawigan ng Bataan. Siya ang kauna-unahang transgender woman na naluklok bilang
kinatawan ng kongreso. Ayon sa kanya, ang pagtakbo sa kongreso ay hindi isyu ng kasarian kundi isyu kung
sino ang makakatulong sa bayan. “People look beyond the gender and look at what you offer and what’s in
your heart.” Dagdag pa niya.

Inihanda ni:
Lunyl B. Sumalinog
Guro sa AP
Sanggunian
- Gabay ng Guro sa Araling Panlipunan 10 (DepEd Kto12)
- Kagamitan ng Mag-aaral sa Araling Panlipunan 10 (DepEd Kto12) Sinuri ni:
Josephine V. Arriesgado
15 | P a h i n a Punong Guro
 - http://sociology.about.com/od/Current-Events-in-Sociological-Context/fl/Full-Transcript-of-Emma-Watsons-Speech-
on-Gender-Equality-at-the-UN.htm

Gawain 1: Sanhi at Bunga

Panuto: Gamit ang fishbone diagram, ilarawan ang Sanhi at Bunga. Pumili ng isa batay sa sumusunod na
sitwasyon: (manaliksik ng ilang datos o karanasan upang mapagtibay ang diagram) Gumamit ng hiwalay na
papel para sa iyong sagot.
1. Hindi Pantay ang sweldo ng kababaihan sa kalalakihan (kung may makilala o karanasan, gumawa ka
ng diagram para dito)
2. Hindi Pantay sa Edukasyon (kung may makilala o karanasan, gumawa ka ng diagram para dito)
3. Pambabae ang trabaho sa bahay (kung may makilala o karanasan, gumawa ka ng diagram para dito)

Tandaan: kung mahigit sa isa ang iyong naranasa sa itaas na suliranin, piliin ang mas maraming aktibidad sa
naturang suliranin. Kung wala namang karanasan o kakilala kumuha ng datos ukol dito.

Mga Diagram na maaring Gamitin. Pumili lamang ng isa.

Tree Diagram (Sanhi at Bunga)

Bunga

Sanhi

Gawain 2: Kung ako ang nasa posisyon?

(Halimbawa lang, naging pangulo ka ng bansa o ano mang may mataas na antas sa bansa o di kaya naging
sikat na personalidad)
Sanaysay:
“Kakayanin bang maging ispirasyon sa nakararami ang iyong pagiging sikat na
personalidad sa pagsulong ng pagtanggap at paggalang sa kababaihan. Oo/ Hindi at ipaliwanag ang
proseso o pamamaraan gagawin?”

________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

16 | P a h i n a
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

17 | P a h i n a