AutoCAD Lab Manual

Learning Objective:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:



apply all basics commands in AutoCAD


produce 2D drawing


produce orthographic drawing


produce isometric drawing
produce 3D drawing.

INTRODUCTION

In this lab manual you are going to produce AutoCAD drawings with your computer. The
AutoCAD you will learn are basic 2D drawing, orthographic drawing, isometric drawing and
basic 3D drawing. You can used this lab manual as a guide for your AutoCAD laboratory
practices.
AKTIVITI 1.1
1. Using the basic commands in AutoCAD
It is important for you to understand all basic commands in AutoCAD because it will help to
produce an accurate and neat drawing. The basic commands that you must know are draw
commands, modify commands and object snap. These commands will be used frequently in any
AutoCAD drawings.

1.1 To Begin An AutoCAD Drawing

To begin an AutoCAD drawing, you first begin with “Startup Dialog Box”. Figure 1.1 shows
a “Startup Dialog Box”. With this dialog box, you choose the setting for your drawing. That
is, Imperial or Metric system. You also can open a drawing, strart a drawing from scratch, use
a template or wizard. Click “OK” when you have decided your choice.

Not all the AutoCAD software will automatically generate this dialog box in your program.
You have to activate it yourself.

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 Figure 1.1: Startup dialog box

1.2 Starting a New Drawing

Before you start to draw, you need to decide what system of drawing units that you will use
in the drawing, and then choose a drawing template file appropriate for those drawing units.

Choose Drawing Units

A drawing unit can equal one inch, one millimetre, or any other system of measurement.

Choose a Drawing Template File

When you start a new drawing, AutoCAD accesses a drawing template file to determine
many default settings such as unit precision, dimension styles, layer names, a title block, and
other settings. Many of the settings are based on whether the drawing template file is
intended for use with a drawing created in inches, feet, millimetres, centimetres, or other unit
of measurement.

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Customize a Drawing Template File
By customizing your own drawing template file, you save yourself a lot of work changing settings, and
you also ensure that the settings are standardized.

Choose a
Start a new drawing, choose a drawing template file similar to
drawing
what you need for your discipline and units of measurement.
template
You can also create your own drawing template.
file

Specify
units and Specify a unit format and precision. Millimetre or inches.
precision

Define
Specify values and settings for text, dimensions, and other
various
styles.
styles

Specify
Determine other settings, including layers, grid spacing, line
additional
types, and layouts.
settings

Save the
drawing
Save the file in the Template folder using a DWT file extension.
template
file

You can create several drawing template files for different projects, and you can choose one when
you click New.

1.3 Commands Entry and Using Short-Cuts

You have already learnt the system and basic concepts of AutoCAD. AutoCAD program
offer many short-cuts for his users. These short-cut can help you to create your drawings in a
simple and quicker mean. Table 1 are short-cuts commonly used for command entry.

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 Table 1
Command Short Cuts
Arc a
Line l
Circle c
Ellipse el
polyline pl
Hatch bhatch
Mtext t, mt
Area aa
New file new
Open file open
Array ar
Chamfer cha
Copy co, cp
Distance di
Erase e
Extend ex
Fillet f
Mirror mi
Move m
Polyline edit pedit
Polygon polygon
Rectangle rec
Redo redo
Rotate ro
Save save
Stretch s
Trim tr
Undo undo
Zoom z

1.4 Using Sub Command Object Snaps (OSNAP)

To create an accurate AutoCAD drawing, you must know how to use sub command Object
Snaps (Obsnap) effectively. Object snaps become active when the object snap target box
passes over an object location such as an intersection or endpoint. Depending on the
complexity of your drawing, you can increase or decrease the area that is influenced by object
snaps.

Here are some sub-command of Object Snaps that you will used frequently in AutoCAD
drawing as follow:

(i) Endpoint

Snap to Endpoint - Snaps to the closest endpoint of an object. Figure 1.2 shows a line in
which a circle will be drawn at end point A. In Figure 1.3 the target box with a symbol
square has snap at the end point A. You just need to click at your mouse; a circle will be
drawn at endpoint A as shown in Figure 1.4.

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 Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

(ii) Midpoint

Snap to Midpoint mean snaps to the midpoint of an object. Figure 1.5 shows a line in which a
circle will be drawn at midpoint A. In Figure 1.6 the target box with a symbol triangle has
snap at the midpoint A. You just need to click at your mouse; a circle will be drawn at
endpoint A as shown in Figure 1.7.

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8 shows how to used object snap – snap to tangent which is used for draw line
tangent to two circles.

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2 Begin Your Drawings
2.1 Task 1

Draw a square ABCD as shown in Figure 1.10.

Figure 1.10

Follow this steps:

Command: line

Specify first point: pick any point (i.e. point A)

Specify next point: 100 (move the crosschair to right side and press enter (point B)
Specify next point: 100 (move the crosschair to your upward and press enter (point C)
Specify next point: 100 (move the crosschair to your left side and press enter (point D)
Specify next point: c (press enter twice).

2.2 Task 2

Draw a template as shown in Figure 1.11.

Figure 1.11

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Step1

Format your drawing layer as follow:

Layer name Line t type Line weight

0 Continuous 0.4
hidden hidden default
center center default
dimension Continuous default
Construction line Continuous default

Figure 1.12

After you have formatted all layers, check the layer property tool bar as shown in Figure
1.12. You can activate any layer that you have formatted with this tool bar.

Step 2

Locate centre A, B and C. Draw circles A, B dan C as shown Figure 1.13.

Figure 1.13

To locate the center point A, B and C, you need to use modify command offset.

From pulldown menu → Modify → offset → Specify offset distance: (type distance you
want to offset) → press enter → click the object you need to offset and move the
crosschair to the direction you want the object to be offset and left click the mouse once.

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R120
Use the similar steps as for R60.

Specify point on object for the first tangent of circle: click at R30
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: click at R24
Insert the value of radius : R120

Figure 1.15

Figure 1.16

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Step 5

After you have drawn arc R60 and R120, you need to trim the extra part of circle.

Command: trim

Select object: pick circle R30, R24 and R20 then press enter.

Click at Circle R60 and the click again at Circle R120. The extra parts will be trimed. Finally
your drawing will appeared as Figure 1.11.

Step 6

You need to insert dimensions into your drawing. First step is to format your dimensional
style. You can follow this means:

From pull down menu, select Format → Dimension style (see Figure 1.17)

Figure 1.17

A Dimension Style Manager dialog box will be appeared at your computer screen as shown
in Figure 1.18. Click at Modify, a Modify Dimension Style: ISO-25 will appeared in your
computer screen (see Figure 1.18).

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 Figure 1.18

The modifications you need to do are as follow:

1. Open dialog box for Lines as shown in Figure 1.19. Make changes for Extend beyond dim
lines to 1.25 and Offset from origin to 1.5.

Figure 1.19

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After you had done all the changes for dimension style, you can start to insert your dimension
into your drawing. To activate the AutoCAD drawing tools, you can follow this steps:

From pull down menu → dimension. Figure 1.24 shows all type of dimensions available in
AutoCAD.

Figure 1.24

Step 6

After you have completed insert all the dimensions into your drawing, you can start to save
you drawing. Choose any convenient file name. For example, you file is drawing1.

Step 7

The final step to complete your drawing is plotting / printing. You need to activate Plot -
model dialog box from pull down menu as shown in Figure 1.25. You have to make some
adjustment for your printing.

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 Figure 1.25

Follow this steps to plot/print your first drawing (refer to Figure 9.26).

Step Procedures
1 Printer/plotter →Select a printer connected to your
computer.
2 Paper size →Select a paper size compatible to your printer
3 Plot area: What to plot:→select window
Select the area you want to print begin to pick from top left
corner (A) to bottom right corner (B). You can refer Figure
9.23
4 Fit to paper: Untick
5 Scale: select 1:1
6 Tick Center the plot (this is to ensure your drawing are
positioned to the center of the paper).
7 Select Drawing orientation
8 Click ok to plot or print

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 Figure 1.26

2.3 Task 3

Create an Orthographic drawing.

Figure 1.27

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 Figure 1.34

Step 5

Now insert the dimensions into your drawing, save your file and printed your drawing.

2.4 Task 4

Create an Isometric Drawing

Isometric drawing is a type of pictorial drawing in engineering drawing. You can create
isometric drawing with your AutoCAD application software. You must first activate your
drawing mode to isometric mode.
By setting the Isometric Snap/Grid, you can easily align objects along one of three isometric
planes; however, although the isometric drawing appears to be 3D, it is actually a 2D
representation. Therefore, you cannot expect to extract 3D distances and areas, display
objects from different viewpoints, or remove hidden lines automatically.
If the snap angle is 0, the axes of the isometric planes are 30 degrees, 90 degrees, and 150
degrees. Once you set the snap style to Isometric, you can work on any of three planes, each
with an associated pair of axes as shown in Figure 1.35 and Figure 1.36:
 Top - Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes.
 Right - Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes.
 Left - Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes.

Figure 1.35

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 Left
Top Right

Figure 1.36
Before you begin your isometric drawing, you must activate the isometric mode in your
computer. Follow this steps:

Command: snap (press enter)

Specify snap spacing: ON/OFF/Aspect/Style/Legacy/Style/Type: Style (press enter)
Enter Snap Grid Style:[Standard/Isometric]: isometric (press enter)
Spacing vertical snap spacing <10.0000>: press enter.

Figure 1.37

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Change to isoplane right
Command: line (press enter)
Specify first point: ( pick at endpoint of line 80 mm line)
Specify next point: 60 (move the cross chair to right side) (press enter)
Specify next point : 25 (move the cross chair upward) (press enter twice)

Step 2

To draw line b and c (see Figure 1.40).

Figure 1.40

Use isoplane left

Command: line (press enter)
Specify first point: ( pick at endpoint of line a)
Specify next point: 60 (move the cross chair to left side) (press enter)
Specify next point : 25 (move the cross chair upward) (press enter twice)

Step 3

To draw line e, f and g (Figure 1.41)

Figure 1.41

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Step 5

To draw line k and l (Figure 1.43)

Use isoplane left

Command: line
Specify first point: ( pick at endpoint of line j at upper end)
Specify next point: 50 (move the cross chair to downward) (press enter).
Specify next point: click at endpoint of line f (press enter twice) – to draw line l.

To draw line m, n, o and p

Figure 1.43

Use isoplane left

Command: line
Specify first point: ( pick at lower endpoint of line m)
Specify next point: 65 (move the cross chair to upward) (press enter) - to draw line n.

Press F5 to isoplane right line o

Specify next point : 35 (move the cross chair downward) (press enter)
Specify next point: use osnap endpoint joint the line endpoint of line d ( press enter twice) –
to draw line p.

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Step 6

To draw line q, r, s and t (Figure 1.44)

Figure 1.44

Use command copy

To copy line p for line q (use osnap enpoint).

Use line command to draw line s and t (use osnap endpoint).

2.5 Task 5
To create 3-D Solid Drawing
A 3D solid drawing will enable you to create orthographic drawing, isometric drawing and
auxiliary view in AutoCAD.

Now you will create a 3D solid drawing with Figure 1.45.

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 Figure 1.45

Step 1

From pull down menu →Views → 3D views → SE Isomtric

The WCS will be as shown in Figure 1.46

Figure 1.46

Step 2

To draw part A (see Figure 1.47)

Command: box (press enter)

Specify first corner or [Center]: pick any point
Specify other corner or [Cube Length]: select length or type length press enter
Now you have press F8 to activate Ortho On
Specify length:80 (press enter)
Specify witdth: 50 (press enter)
Specify height:10 (press enter)

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 Figure 1.47

Step 3

To draw part B (see Figure 1.48)

Command: box (press enter)

Specify first corner or [Center]: pick point A

Specify other corner or [Cube Length]:

select length or type length and press enter

Now you have press F8 to activate Ortho On

Specify length:20 (press enter)
Specify witdth: 50 (press enter)
Specify height: 40 (press enter)

Figure 1.48

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Specify other corner or [Cube Length]: select length or type length and press enter
Now you have press F8 to activate Ortho On
Specify length:20 (press enter)
Specify witdth: -8(press enter)
Specify height: 20 (press enter)

Figure 1.53

Step 8

You have command union to joint both part A & B with part C (see Figure 1.53).

From pull down menu →Modify → Solid Editing → Union

Select all parts.

Step 9

To draw cylinder D

From pull down menu →Draw → Modeling →Cylinder

Specify center point of base : pick center point of R20 at upper surface(use osnap snap to
center)

Specify base radius : 10 (press enter)

Specify height : 10 (press enter)

Now you have completed your 3D view as shown in Figure 1.54.

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