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    Volcanoes

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    jenjang yannie
    Volcanoes form due to tectonic plate movement or hotspots in the Earth's mantle. They are made of accumulated lava and ejected material from eruptions. A volcano has several parts including the cone, crater, vent, and magma chamber. They can be classified based on shape as shield, cinder cone, or composite volcanoes. Volcanoes are also classified by activity as active or inactive. The Philippines has over 20 active volcanoes that have erupted recently such as Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal.

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    Volcanoes

    Uploaded by

    jenjang yannie
    19 views25 pages
    Volcanoes form due to tectonic plate movement or hotspots in the Earth's mantle. They are made of accumulated lava and ejected material from eruptions. A volcano has several parts including the cone, crater, vent, and magma chamber. They can be classified based on shape as shield, cinder cone, or composite volcanoes. Volcanoes are also classified by activity as active or inactive. The Philippines has over 20 active volcanoes that have erupted recently such as Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal.

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    Volcanoes form due to tectonic plate movement or hotspots in the Earth's mantle. They are made of accumulated lava and ejected material from eruptions. A volcano has several parts including the cone, crater, vent, and magma chamber. They can be classified based on shape as shield, cinder cone, or composite volcanoes. Volcanoes are also classified by activity as active or inactive. The Philippines has over 20 active volcanoes that have erupted recently such as Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views25 pages

    Volcanoes

    Uploaded by

    jenjang yannie
    Volcanoes form due to tectonic plate movement or hotspots in the Earth's mantle. They are made of accumulated lava and ejected material from eruptions. A volcano has several parts including the cone, crater, vent, and magma chamber. They can be classified based on shape as shield, cinder cone, or composite volcanoes. Volcanoes are also classified by activity as active or inactive. The Philippines has over 20 active volcanoes that have erupted recently such as Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal.

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    of 25

    VOLCANOES

    Are Volcanoes Mountains?


    Mountain
    A mountain results from the movement and
    opposition of tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are
    always in motion, often moving several
    centimeters annually. When two tectonic plates
    move against each other and collide, the earth’s
    crust thickens and deforms. Due to the collision
    pressure, some of the land mass is pushed
    upwards forming a mountain.
    Volcano
    A volcano results from collection
    of lava after several volcanic eruptions.
    Hot magma flows through a vent and cools
    upon reaching the surface of the earth. A
    volcanic mountain is made up of lava and
    piles of rocks.
    - May erupt violently
    VOLCANO
    •is an opening on the Earth’s
    crust where molten
    materials are ejected into
    the Earth’s surface
    HOW DO VOLCANOES FORM?
    1. SUBDUCTION
    the sideways and
    downward movement
    of the edge of a plate
    of the earth's crust into
    the mantle beneath
    another plate
    HOW DO VOLCANOES FORM?
    2. HOTSPOTS
    a region of Earth’s
    upper mantle that
    upwells to melt
    through the crust to
    form a volcanic
    feature
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO
    • Cone – a mountainous accumulation of
    volcanic ejecta on the surface
    The cone is consists of 3 parts:
    1. summit – the apex or the highest point
    2. slope – side of the volcano
    3. base – the lowest part
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO

    highest point
    summit

    side
    slope

    lowest
    base
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO
    • Crater – a steep-walled depression
    found on the summit of a volcano
    Caldera – larger craters caused by
    a violent explosion causing the
    summit to collapse
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO

    crater caldera
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO
    • Vent – a fissure or fracture on
    the summit (main vent) or on
    the slope (side vent) where
    lava is ejected
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO
    • Magma chamber – a reservoir
    of magma (molten rocks)
    within the Earth’s crust beneath
    a volcano
    PARTS OF A VOLCANO

    crater summit

    side vent slope

    main vent
    base

    magma
    chamber
    VOLCANIC MATERIALS
    • Magma
    - molten rocks underneath the
    ground
    • Lava
    - molten rocks that reached the
    surface
    VOLCANIC MATERIALS
    • Tephra/pyroclasts
    - Collectively, loose material thrown
    from a volcano is referred to
    as tephra. Individual fragments are
    referred to in general terms
    as pyroclasts, so sometimes tephra is
    also referred to as pyroclastic debris.
    VOLCANIC MATERIALS
    • Volcanic ash and gas
    - Particles less than 2 mm in diameter
    are called volcanic ash; main
    component of volcanic gas emissions is
    water vapour, followed by carbon
    dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2),
    and hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
    CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES
    1. According to shape/structure
    Shield volcano – formed from
    the accumulation of lava that
    oozes out of the volcano
    - low-viscosity materials and basalt are emitted and these spread
    far from the vent.
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    1. Shield volcano

    Mauna Loa

    Mt. Kanlaon Mauna Kea


    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    1. According to shape/structure
    Cinder cone volcano – built
    from lava fragments; have
    steep slopes and wide crater
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    2. Cinder cone volcano

    Taal Volcanoes
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    1. According to shape/structure
    Composite volcano – or
    stratovolcano; large nearly perfect
    slope structure made up of alternate
    layers of lava and cinder.
    - the magma has high viscosity thus cools fast and does not spread far from
    the vent.
    CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES
    3. Composite volcano

    Mt. Mayon Mt. Pinatubo


    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    2. According to activity
    (PHIVOLCS – Philippine Institute of
    Volcanology and Seismology)
    a. Active - volcanoes that
    have erupted in recent history or
    are showing signs of activity
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    VOLCANOES
    2. According to activity
    (PHIVOLCS – Philippine Institute of
    Volcanology and Seismology)
    b. Inactive – volcanoes that have
    not erupted for the last 10,000
    years
    VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

    38 June 5 2017
    3

    Sept 1948 – July 1953

    42 Dec 20 2017

    11
    52 Jan – March 2018

    34 January 2020

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