1 CAPACITANCE

CHAMPIONS LECTURE SERIES

Chapter :- Capacitance - 1 P–047

Time: 2 Hrs

Lecture Planning & Flow

No. Lecture Contents Homework of this lecture
I Charge on Plate and Introduction of Parallel Plate For JEE Main/CET Aspirants
Capacitor.
Solve Abhyaas - I (Level-I) with detailed
analysis and solutions (Don't just write
II the answer) on plane white sheet of
paper and submit.

III For JEE Advanced Aspirants

Solve Abhyaas - I (Level-I & Level-II)
with Detailed analysis and solutions
(Don't just write the answer) on plane
IV Charging & Discharging at Capacitor. white sheet of paper and submit.

Has the student completed the homework of the previous lecture ?

STAMP
Roll No.

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CAPACITANCE

DEFINITION
We know that charge given to a conductor increases it’s potential i.e. , Q V  Q  CV Wheree C is a
proportionality constant, called capacity or capacitance of conductor. Hence capacitance is the ability of conductor
to hold the charge.

UNIT AND DIMENSIONAL FORMULA

Coulomb
S.I. unit is  Farad (F)
Volt
Smaller S.I. units are mF, F, nF and pF (1F = 10-3F,1F = 10-6F, 1nF = 10-9 F, 1pF = 1mmF = 10-12F)
C.G.S. unit is Stat Farad 1F  9  1011 Stat Farad . Dimension : [C] = [M-1 L-2 T4A2].

CAPACITY OF AN ISOLATED SPHERICAL CONDUCTOR

When charge Q is given to a spherical conductor of radius R, then potential at the surface of sphere is
+ + +
Q k  1  + Q+
V k.   + +
R  4 0  R
+ +
Q 1 + O +
Hence it’s capacity C   4 0 R  C  4 0 R  .R +
V 9  109 +
+ +
in C.G.S. C  R + + +
1
Note : If earth is assumed to be spherical having radius R  6400 km. It’s theortical capacitance C  ×
9  109
6400 × 10 3  711  F . But for al l pract ical pur pose capacitance of ear th is taken infinit y..

ENERGY OF A CHARGED CONDUCTOR

When a conductor is charged it’s potential increases from 0 to V as shown in the graph; and work is done
against repulsion, between charge stored in the conductor and charge coming from the source (battery). This
work is stored as “electrostatic potential energy”
1 A
From graph : Work done = Area of graph  QV
2

Hence potential energy U  1 QV ;

2
Q
1 1 Q2
By using Q  CV , we can write U  QV  CV 2 
2 2 2C
COMBINATION OF DROPS

Suppose we have n identical drops each having – Radius–r, Capacitance–c, Charge – q, Potential – v and Energy – u.
If these drops are combined to form a big drop of – Radius – R, Capacitance – C, Charge – Q, Potential – V and
Energy – U then –
(i) Charge on big drop : Q  nq
4 4
(ii) Radius of big drop : Volume of big drop = n  volume of a single drop i.e.,  R 3  n   r 3 , R  n1 / 3r
3 3
(iii) Capacitance of big drop : C  n1 / 3c

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Q nq
(iv) Potential of big drop : V   1 / 3 V  n 2 / 3v
C n c
1 1
(v) Energy of big drop : U  CV 2  (n1/ 3c ) (n 2 / 3v )2 U  n 5 / 3u
2 2
SHARING OF CHARGE
When two conductors joined together through a conducting wire, charge begins to flow from one conductor to
another till both have the same potential, due to flow of charge, loss of energy also takes place in the form of
heat.
Suppose there are two spherical conductors of radii r1 and r2 , having charge Q1 and
nd Q2 , potential V1 and V2 ,
energies U 1 and U 2 and capacitance C1 and
nd C 2 respectively, as shown in figure. If these two spheress a r e
connected through a conducting wire, then alteration of charge, potential and energy takes place.
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2
C1 r1 r2 r2
C2 C1 r1 C2
V1 V2 V V
U1 U2 U1 U2
Q1=C1V Q2=C2V Q1=C1 Q2=C2
(A) (B)
(i) New charge : According to the conservation of charge Q1  Q2  Q1'  Q2'  Q (say), also

Q1' C1V 4 0 r1 Q1' r1 Q1' r1 Q1'  Q2' r1  r2 '  r2 

'
  '
  1  '
 1   '
  Q2  Q  r  r   and similarly
Q2 C 2V 4 0 r2 Q2 r2 Q2 r2 Q2 r2  1 2

 r 
Q1'  Q  1 
 r1  r2 
Total charge Q  Q2 Q1'  Q2' C V  C2V2
(ii) Common potential : Common potential (V )   1  V  1 1
Total capacity C1  C2 C1  C 2 C1  C 2
(iii) Energy loss : As electrical energy stored in the system before and after connecting the spheres is
2
1 1 1 1  C V  C 2V2 
U i  C1V12  C 2V22 and U f  (C1  C 2 ).V 2  (C1  C 2 )  1 1  so energy loss
2 2 2 2  C1  C 2 
C 1C 2
U  U i  U f  (V1 V 2 ) 2
2(C 1  C 2 )
Note : Capacity of a conductor is a constant term, it does not depend upon the charge Q, and potential (V) and
nature of the material of the conductor.

Illustration-1 Eight drops of mercury of same radius and having same charge coalesce to form a big drop.
Capacitance of big drop relative to that of small drop will be
(a) 16 times (b) 8 times (c) 4 times (d) 2 times
Solution: (d) By using relation C  n1/3 .c  C  (8)1/3 .c  2c

Illustration-2 Two spheres A and B of radius 4 cm and 6 cm are given charges of 80C and 40 C respectively..
If they are connected by a fine wire, the amount of charge flowing from one to the other is
(a) 20  C from A to B (b) 16  C from A to B
(c) 32 C from B to A (d) 32  C from A to B

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 r 
Solution: (d) Total charge Q  80  40  120  C . By using the formula Q1'  Q  1  . New charge on spheree A is
 r1  r2 

 r  4 
Q A'  Q  A   120 
r  r  4  6   48  C . Initially it was 80 C, i.e., 32  C charge flows from
om A to B.
 A B

Illustration-3 Two insulated metallic spheres of 3 F and 5 F capacitances are charged to 300V and 500V
respectively. The energy loss, when they are connected by a wire, is
(a) 0.012 J (b) 0.0218 J (c) 0.0375 J (d) 3.75 J
C1 C 2
Solution: (c) By using ΔU  (V1  V2 ) 2 ; ΔU  0.375 J
2(C1  C2 )
Illustration-4 64 small drops of mercury, each of radius r and charge q coalesce to form a big drop. The ratio of
the surface density of charge of each small drop with that of the big drop is
(a) 1 : 64 (b) 64 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
2
Small q / 4r 2  q   R   1
Solution: (d)  2
     ; since R = n1/3r and Q = nq So Small  1/3  Small  1
Big Q / 4 R Q  r  Big n Big 4

Illustration-5 Two hollow spheres are charged positively. The smaller one is at 50 V and the bigger one is at 100

V. How should they be arranged so that the charge flows from the smaller to the bigger sphere
when they are connected by a wire
(a) By placing them close to each other
(b) By placing them at very large distance from each other
(c) By placing the smaller sphere inside the bigger one
(d) Information is insufficient
Solution: (c) By placing the smaller sphere inside the bigger one. The potential of the smaller one will now be 150 V.
So on connecting it with the bigger one charge will flow from the smaller one to the bigger one.

CAPACITOR
Definition : A capacitor is a device that stores electric energy. It is also named condenser.or A capacitor is a
pair of two conductors of any shape, which are close to each other and have equal and oppositecharge.
+Q –Q
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+
–
+
–
Symbol : The symbol of capacitor are shown below
or variable capacitor
Capacitance : The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the magnitude of the charge Q on the positive
Q
plate divided by the magnitude of the potential difference V between the plates i.e., C 
V

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Charging : A capacitor get’s charged when a battery is connected across the plates. The plate attached to
the positive terminal of the battery get’s positively charged and the one joined to the negative terminal get’s
negatively charged. Once capacitor get’s fully charged, flow of charge carriers stops in the circuit and in this
condition potential difference across the plates of capacitor is same as the potential difference across the
terminals of battery (say V).
+Q –Q
C
+ –


+ – + –
V V
Charge on capacitor : Net charge on a capacitor is always zero, but when we speaks of the charge Q on
a capacitor, we are referring to the magnitude of the charge on each plate. Charge distribution in making of
parallel plate capacitor can easily be understand by reading carefully the following sequence of figures–
+Q
Q Q Q

2   Q Q Q +Q –Q
2 2   
2 2 2
  
X X X Y X Y

Energy stored : When a capacitor is charged by a voltage source (say battery) it stores the electric
energy. If C = Capacitance of capacitor; Q = Charge on capacitor and V = Potential difference across
1 2 1 Q2
capacitor then energy stored in capacitor U  CV  QV 
2 2 2C
Note: In charging capacitor by battery half the energy supplied is stored in the capacitor and remaining half energy
(1/2 QV) is lost in the form of heat.
(7) Types of capacitors : Capacitors are of mainly three types as described in given table

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Parallel Plate Capacitor Spherical Capacitor Cylindrical Capacitor

It consists of two parallel metallic It consists of two concentric It consists of two concentric
plates (may be circular, rectangular, conducting spheres of radii a and b cylinders of radii a and b (a < b),
square) separated by a small distance (a < b). Inner sphere is given charge inner cylinder is given charge + Q
+ Q, while outer sphere is earthed while outer cylinder is earthed.
– – Common length of the cylinders is l
–
–
+Q –Q – a
–
– then
+ – – + + b a q –q
+ – – +Q + b –
– + –
+ air – – a + –
A – + + – l
–
– ––
–
+ ––
–
+ –
+ –
d ab
CapacitanceC  5  0 .
A = Effective overla ping area of b a
each plate ab
d = Separation between the plates in C.G.S.C  . In the presence Capacitance
ba
Q = Magnitude of charge on the of dielectric medium (dielectric constant 20I
C
b
inner side of each plate K) between the spheres loge  
 = Surface density of charge of ab a
C  4  0K
Q ba In the presence of dielectric medium
each plate    (dielectric constant K) capacitance
 A Special Case :
increases by K times and
V = Potential difference across the If outer sphere is given a charge +Q
plates while inner sphere is earthed 20 KI
C
E = Electric field between the plates b 
–Q'– – +Q loge  
  –
– a –
a
   – – b
– –
 0 
A
Capacitance : C  0 Induced charge on the inner sphere
d
a b2
A Q   Q
. , C  4  0 .
in C.G.S. : C  b b a
4 d This arrangement is not a capacitor.
If a dielectric medium of dielectric But it’s capacitance is equivalent to
constant K is filled completely the sum of capacitance of spherical
between the plates then capacitance capacitor and spherical conductor
increases by K times C’ = KC i.e.
b2 ab
4  0 .  4  0  4 0b
b a ba

Concepts
 It is a very common misconception that a capacitor stores charge but actually a capacitor stores electric energy
in the electrostatic field between the plates.
 Two plates of unequal area can also form a capacitor because effective overlapping area is considered.

 If two plates are placed side by side then three capacitors are formed. One between distant earthed bodies and
the first face of the first plate, the second between the two plates and the third between the second face of the
second plate and distant earthed objects. However the capacitances of the first and third capacitors are negligibly
small in comparision to that between the plates which is the main capacitance.

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 Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends upon the effective overlapping area of plates (C  A) ,
1
separation between the plates  C   and dielectric medium filled between the plates. While it is
 d 
independent of charge given, potential raised or nature of metals and thickness of plates.
 The distance between the plates is kept small to avoid fringing or edge effect (non-uniformity of the field) at the
bounderies of the plates.
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –

 Spherical conductor is equivalent to a spherical capacitor with it’s outer sphere of infinite radius.

 A spherical capacitor behaves as a parallel plate capacitor if it’s spherical surfaces have large radii and
are close to each other.
 The intensity of electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor (E = /­0) does not depends upon
the distance between them.

 The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are being moved away with some velocity. If the plate separation at
1
any instant of time is ‘d’ then the rate of change of capacitance with time is proportional to .
d2
 Radial and non-uniform electric field exists between the spherical surfaces of spherical capacitor.Two large
conducting plates X and Y kept close to each other. The plate X is given a charge Q1 while plate Y is given a
charge Q2 (Q1 > Q 2), the distribution of charge on the four faces a, b, c, d will be as shown in the
following figure.
Q1 X Q2 X  Q1  Q 2  Y
 
 2 
b d 
 Q1  Q2   Q1  Q 2   Q1  Q 2 
     
a c  2   2   2 

Illustration-6 The capacity of pure capacitor is 1 farad. In D.C. circuit, its effective resistance will be
1
(a) Zero (b) Infinite (c) 1 ohm (d) ohm
2
Solution: (b) Capacitor does not work in D.C. for D.C. it’s effective resistance is infinite i.e. it blocks the current to
flow in the circuit.

Illustration-7 A light bulb, a capacitor and a battery are connected together as shown here, with switch S initially
open. When the switch S is closed, which one of the following is true
(a) The bulb will light up for an instant when the capacitor starts charging
(b) The bulb will light up when the capacitor is fully charged
(c) The bulb will not light up at all
(d) The bulb will light up and go off at regular intervals s + –

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Solution: (a) Current through the circuit can flow only for the small time of charging, once capacitor get’s charged it
blocks the current through the circuit and bulb will go off.

Illustration-8 Capacity of a parallel plate condenser is 10F when the distance between its plates is 8 cm. If the
distance between the plates is reduced to 4cm, its capacity will be between the plates is reduced to
4cm, its capacity will be
(a) 10F (b) 15F (c) 20F (d) 40F

0A 1 C1 d 2 d 8
Solution: (c) C    or C 2  1  C1   10  20  F
d d C2 d1 d2 4
Illustration-9 What is the area of the plates of a 3F parallel plate capacitor, if the separation between
the plates is 5 mm
(a) 1.694  109 m2 (b) 4.529  109 m2 (c) 9.281  109 m2 (d) 12.981  109 m2

 A Cd 3  5  10 3
Solution: (a) By using the relation C  0  A   1.694  10 9 m 2 .
d  0 8.85  10 12
Illustration-10 If potential difference of a condenser (6  F ) is changed from 10 V to 20 V then increase in energy is
(a) 2  104 J (b) 4  104 J (c) 3  104 J (d) 9  10 4 J
1 2 1 2
Solution: (d) Initial energy U i  CV1 ; Final energy U f  CV2
2 2

 Increase in energy U  U f  U i  1 C (V22 V12 )  1  6  10 6 (202  102 )  9  10 4 J .

2 2
Illustration-11 A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical conductors. The inner one of radius R1
maintained at potential V1 and the outer conductor of radius R2 at potential V2 . The potential at a
point P at a distance x from the centre (where R2  x  R1 ) is
V1 V2 V1R1 (R2  x )  V2 R2 ( x  R1 )
(a) ( x  R1 ) (b)
R2  R1 ( R2  R1 ) x

V2 x (V1  V2 )
(c) V1  (d) x
(R2  R1 ) (R1  R2 )
Solution: (b) Let Q1 and Q2 be the charges on the inner and the outer sphere respectively. Now
w V1 is the total
potential on the sphere of radius R1,
Q1 Q2
So, V1  R  R …….. (i)
1 2

and V2 is the total potential on the surface of sphere of radius R 2 ,

Q2 Q1
So, V2  R  R …….. (ii)
2 2

Q1 Q2 Q1 Q 1 1  Q1 (R1  x )
V     V1  1  Q1     V1  V1 ……..(iii)
x R2 x R1  x R1  xR1
Substracting (ii) from (i)
Q1 Q2 (V V2 )R1R2
V1 V2   Q1  1
R1 R2  (V1 V2 )R1R2  R2Q1  R1Q1  R2  R1
Now substituting it in equation (iii), we have
(R1  x ) (V1 V2 )R1 R2 V R (R  x ) V2 R2 ( x  R1 )
V   V1 V  1 1 2
xR1 (R2  R1 ) x (R2  R1 )
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Illustration-12 The diameter of each plate of an air capacitor is 4 cm. To make the capacity of this plate capacitor
equal to that of 20 cm diameter sphere, the distance between the plates will be
(a) 4  10 3 m (b) 1  103 m (c) 1 cm (d) 1  103 cm

0A A  (2  10 2 )2
Solution: (b) According to the question  4 0 R  d   2
 1  10 3 m.
d 4 R 4  10  10

Illustration-13 A spherical condenser has inner and outer spheres of radii a and b respectively. The space between
the two is filled with air. The difference between the capacities of two condensers formed when
outer sphere is earthed and when inner sphere is earthed will be
b 
(a) Zero (b) 4 0a (c) 4 0b (d) 4 0   
 b  
ab
Solution: (c) Capacitance when outer sphere is earthed C1  4 0 . and capacitance when inner sphere is
b a
b2
earthed C 2  4 0 . . Hence C 2  C1  4 0 .b
b a

Illustration-14 After charging a capacitor of capacitance 4F upto a potential 400 V, its plates are connected with
a resistance of 1k  . The heat produced in the resistance will be
(a) 0.16 J (b) 1.28 J (c) 0.64 J (d) 0.32 J

1 2
Solution: (d) This is the discharging condition of capacitor and in this condition energy released U  CV
2
1
  4  106  (400)2  0.32J  0.32 J .
2
Illustration-15 The amount of work done in increasing the voltage across the plates of a capacitor from 5V to 10V
is W. The work done in increasing it from 10V to 15V will be
(a) 0.6 W (b) W (c) 1.25 W (d) 1.67 W

1 2 2
Solution: (d) As we know that work done  U final  U initial  C (V2 V1 )
2
When potential difference increases from 5V to 10 V then
1
W  C (102  52 ) ……..(i)
2
When potential difference increases from 10V to 15V then
1
W '  C (152  102 ) ……..(ii)
2
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
W '  1.67W .
Illustration-16 In an isolated parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C, the four surface have charges Q1, Q2, Q3 and
Q4 as shown. The potential difference between the plates is Q1 Q3
Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4 Q2  Q3
(a) (b) Q2 Q4
2C 2C
Q2  Q3 Q1  Q4
(c) (d)
2C 2C

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Solution: (c) Plane conducting surfaces facing each other must have equal and opposite charge densities. Here as
the plate areas are equal, Q2  Q3 .
The charge on a capacitor means the charge on the inner surface of the positive plate (here it is Q2 )
Q2  ( Q2 ) Q2  Q3
Potential difference between the plates   .
2C 2C

REDISTRIBUTION OF CHARGE BETWEEN TWO CAPACITORS

When a charged capacitor is connected across an uncharged capacitor, then redistribution of charge occur to
equalize the potential difference across each capacitor. Some energy is also wasted in the form of heat.
Suppose we have two charged capacitors C1 and C 2 after disconnecting these two from their respectivee
batteries. These two capacitors are connected to each other as shown below (positive plate of one capacitor is
connected to positive plate of other while negative plate of one is connected to negative plate of other) Charge
on capacitors redistributed and new charge on them will be

 C1   C2 
Q1'  Q  '
 , Q2  Q   C1
– – – – – –
C2
 C1  C2   C1  C 2  Q1 ++ + ++ +
Q2
V1 V2

Q1  Q2 C1 V1  C2 V2 C1C2
The common potential V   and loss of energy U  (V1  V2 )2
C1  C2 C1  C2 2 (C1  C2 )
Note: Two capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 are charged to potential of V1 and V2 respectively. After disconnecting
from batteries they are again connected to each other with reverse polarity i.e., positive plate of a capacitor connected
Q1  Q2 C1 V1  C2 V2
to negative plate of other. So common potential V  
C1  C2 C1  C2

FORCE BETWEEN THE PLATES OF A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR


Field due to charge on one plate on the other is E  2 , hence the force F  QE
0

+ –
   2
F   A      A + –
 2 0  2 0 + –
A Air
+ –
 2A Q2
| F |  + –
2 0 2 0 A + –
d

ENERGY DENSITY BETWEEN THE PLATES OF A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR

The energy stored in a capacitor is not localised on the charges or the plates but is distributed in the field. And
as in case of a parallel plate capacitor field is only between the plates i.e. in a volume (A× d), the so called
energy density.
1
CV 2 2
Energy 2 1   0 A  V 2  1  V   1  E 2 .
Hence Energy density     0   0
Volume Ad 2  d  Ad 2  d  2

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ABHYAAS - I
LEVEL - 0

Q-1 What physical quantities may X and Y represent? Y

(A) pressure v/s temperature of a given gas (constant volume)
(B) kinetic energy v/s velocity of a particle
(C) capacitance v/s charge at a constant potential
(D) potential v/s capacitance at a constant charge X
Q-2 The capacitance of a spherical conductor of radius r is proportional to-
(A) r (B) 1/r (C) r2 (D) 1/r3

Q-3 The capacitance of a metallic sphere will be 1F, if its radius is nearly
(A) 9 km (B) 10 m (C) 1.11 m (D) 1.11 cm

Q-4 The energy of a charged conductor is given by the expression

q2 q2 q2
(A) (B) (C) 2qc (D)
2C C 2C 2

Q-5 No current flows between two charged bodies connected together when they have the same
(A) capacitance or Q/V ratio (B) charge
(C) resistance (D) potential or Q/C ratio

Q-6 Which of the following expressions represents a farad ?

(A) joule/volt (B) volt / coulomb (C) coulomb/volt (D) coulomb/joule

Q-7 Two spherical conductors A and B of radii R and 2R respectively are each given a charge Q.
When they are connected by a metallic wire. The charge will
(A) flow from A to B (B) flow from B to A
(C) remain stationary on conductor (D) none of these

Q-8 The potential energy of a charged conductor of charge (q) and potential (v) is given by
1 1 2 1 q 1 2
(A) qv (B) q v (C) (D) qv
2 2 2 v 2

Q-9 A conductor of capacitance 0.5F has been charged to 100volts. It is now connected to uncharged
conductor of capacitance 0.2F. The loss in potential energy is nearly -
(A) 7 × 10–4 J (B) 3.5 × 10–4 J (C) 14 × 10–4 J (D) 7 × 10–3 J

Q-10 Two spherical conductors of capacitance 3.0F and 5.0F are charged to potentials of 300volt
and 500volt. The two are connected resulting in redistribution of charges. Then the final potential
is -
(A) 300 volt (B) 500 volt (C) 425 volt (D) 400 volt

Q-11 N drops of mercury of equal radii and possessing equal charges combine to form a big spherical drop.
Then the capacitance of the bigger drop compared to each individual drop is
(A) N times (B) N2/3 times (C) N1/3 times (D) N5/3 times

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Q-12 The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is C. Its capacity when the separation between the plates
is halved will be
(A) 4C (B) 2C (C) C/2 (D) C/4

Q-13 A parallel plate condenser has a capacitance 50F in air and 110 F. When immersed in an oil.
The dielectric constant K of the oil is
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.55 (C) 1.10 (D) 2.20

Q.14 The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is 5F. When glass plate is placed between the plates
of the conductor, its potential becomes 1/8th of the original value. The value of dielectric constant
will be -
(A) 1.6 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 40

Q-15 Capacitance of parallel plate condenser having a medium of dielectric constant K is given by -
kA
(A) C = QV (B) C = 9  10 9 4d farad

kd A
(C) C = 9  10 9 4A farad (D) C = 9  10 9 4kd farad

Q-16 The capacity of a parallel plate air condenser is 2F. If the distance between the plates is 4cm
and the area of each plate is 0.01m2, the value of permittivity of air and units are respectively -
(A) 8 × 10–12 farad metre -1 (B) 5 × 10–13 farad metre -1
(C) 8 × 10–14 farad metre (D) 5 × 10–14 farad-metre

Q-17 If the p.d. across the ends of a capacitor 4F is 1.0 kilovolt. Then its electrical potential energy
will be
(A) 4 × 10–3ergs (B) 2 ergs (C) 2 joules (D) 4 joules

Q-18 A 6F capacitor charged from 10 volts to 20 volts. Increase in energy will be -
(A) 18 × 10–4 joule (B) 9 × 10-4 joule
(C) 4.5 × 10–4 joule (D) 9 × 10–9 joule

Q-19 The energy of a charged capacitor resides in

(A) the electric field only (B) the magnetic field only
(C) both the electric and magnetic field (D) neither in electric nor magnetic field

Q-20 The capacity and the energy stored in a parallel plate condenser with air between its plates are
respect ively C0 and W0. If the air is replaced by glass (dielectric constant = 5) between the plates,
the capacity of the plates and the energy stored in it will respectively be -
W0 C0 C0 W0
(A) 5C0 , 5W0 (B) 5C0 , (C) , 5W0 (D) ,
5 5 5 5

Q-21 By inserting a plate of dielectric material between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, the energy
is increased five times. The dielectric constant of the material is
(A) 1/25 (B) 1/5 (C) 5 (D) 25

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Q-22 A capacitor of capacity C has charge Q and stored energy is W. If the charge is increased to 2Q
the stored energy will be -
(A) 2W (B) W/2 (C) 4W (D) W/4

Q-23 A glass slab is put with in the plates of a charged parallel plate condenser. Which of the following
quantities does not change?
(A) energy of the condenser (B) capacity
(C) intensity of electric field (D) charge

Q-24 A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery and inserted a dielectric plate between the place
of plates then which quantity increase.
(A) potential difference (B) electric field
(C) stored energy (D) E. M . F of battery

Q-25 A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery and decreased the distance between the plates
then which quantity is same on the parallel plate capacitor
(A) potential difference (B) capacitance
(C) intensity of electric field (D) stored energy

Q-26 A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery after charging the capacitor, battery is disconnected.
And if a dielectric plate is inserted between the place of plates. Then which one of the following
statements is not correct.
(A) increase in the stored energy (B) decrease in the potential difference
(C) decrease in the electric field (D) increase in the capacitance

Q-27 A parallel plate capacitor has a capacity C. The separation between plates is doubled and a dielectric
medium is inserted between plates. The new capacity is 3C. The dielectric constant of medium is
(A) 1.5 (B) 3.0 (C) 6.0 (D) 12.0

Q-28 A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery after charging the capacitor, battery is disconnected
and decrease the distance between the plates then which following statement is correct ?
(A) electric field is not constant (B) potential difference is increased
(C) decrease the capacitance (D) decrease the stored energy

Q-29 The capacitance of a parallel plate condenser does not depend upon
(A) the distance between the plates (B) area of the plates
(C) medium between the plates (D) metal of the plates

Q-30 A metallic plate of thickness (t) and face area of one side (A) is inserted between the plates of
a parallel plate air capacitor with a separation (d) and face are (A). Then the equivalent capacitance
is :

0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A
(A) (B) (d x t ) (C) (d  t ) (D) (d  t )
d

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Q-31 An air capacitor of 1F is immersed in a transformer oil of dielectric constant 3. The capacitance
of the oil capacitor is
1
(A) 1F (B) F (C) 3F (D) 2F
3

Q-32 Two metal plates form a parallel plate condenser. The distance between the plates in d. Now a
metal plate of thickness d/2 and of same area is inserted completely between the plates, the capacitance
(A) remains unchanged (B) is doubled
(C) is halved (D) reduced to one fourth

Q-33 The capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium is 2F. After inserting a sheet of mica
a equal air thickness , it becomes 5F. The dielectric constant of mica is -
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.4 (C) 2.5 (D) 10

Q-34 A parallel plate capacitor has rectangular plates of 400cm 2 and are separated by a distance of
2mm with air as medium. What charge will appear on the plates. If a 200volt potential difference
is applied across the condenser?
(A)3.54×10–6 C (B) 3.54×10–8 C (C) 3.54×10–10 C (D) 1770.8×10–13 C

Q-35 A parallel plate condenser is immersed in an oil of dielectric constant 2. The field between the plates
is
(A) increased proportional to 2. (B) decreased proportional to 1/2
(C) increased proportional to 2 (D) decreased proportional to 1/2

Q-36 A parallel plate capacitor consists of two plates of 2m×1m. The space between the plates is of
1mm and filled with a dielectric of relative permittivity of 7. A potential difference of 300 volts
is applied across the plates. Find the potential gradient
(A) 6 × 105 N/C (B) 3 × 105 N/C (C) 18 × 105 N/C (D) 12 × 105 N/C

Q-37 The energy of a charged capacitor resides in

(A) the electric field only (B) the magnetic field only
(C) both the electric and magnetic fields (D) neither in electric nor magnetic field

Q-38 Two conductors insulated from each other, charged by transferring electrons from one conductor
to the other. After 25 × 1012 electrons have been transferred. The potential difference between
the conductors is found to be 16V. The capacitance of the system is
(A) 25F (B) .25F (C) 25 nF (D) 25 PF

Q-39 The energy density in a parallel plate capacitor is given as 2.2×10 –10 J/m3. The value of the electric
field in the region between the plates is -
(A) 7 NC–1 (B) 3.6 NC–1 (C) 72 NC–1 (D) 8.4 NC–1

Q-40 If a 10F capacitor is to have an energy content of 1 Joule. It must be placed across a p.d. of
(in volts)
(A) 900 (B) 450 × 108 (C) 200 (D) 450

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1
Q-41 A capacitor of capacitance F is connected to a battery of 300volt and charged. Then the energy
3
stored in capacitor is
(A) 3 × 10–2 joule (B) 1.5 × 10–2 joule (C) 6 × 102 joule (D) 12 × 102 joule

Q-42 The two parallel plates of a condenser have been connected to a battery of 300V and the charge
collected at each plate is 1C. The energy supplied by battery is -
(A) 6 × 10–4 J (B) 3 × 10–4 J (C) 1.5 × 10–4 J (D) 4.5 × 10–4 J

Q-43 The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are charged with a battery so that the plates of the capacitor
have acquired the P.D. equal to e.m.f of the battery. The ratio of the work done by the battery and
the energy stored in capacitor is
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 1 : 4

Q-44 A parallel plate condenser has plates of area 200 cm2 and separation 0.05cm has been filled with
a dielectric having K = 8 and then charged to 300volts. The final energy of condenser is -
(A) 1.6 × 10–5 J (B) 2.0 × 10–6 J (C) 12.8 × 10–5 J (D) 64 × 10–5 J

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ABHYAAS - I
LEVEL - I

Q-1 The plates of a capacitor are connected to a battery. What happens to the charge on the plates if the
connecting wires are removed from the battery? What happens to the charge if the wires are removed from
the battery and connected to each other? [RHK]

Q-2 Suppose several different parallel-plate capacitors are charged up by a constant-voltage source. Thinking of the
actual movement and position of the charges on an atomic level. why does it make sense that the capacitances
are proportional to the surface areas of the plates? Why does it make sense that the capacitances are inversely
proportional to the distance between the plates? [RHK]

Q-3 Suppose the two plates of a capacitor have different areas. When the capacitor is charged by connecting it to a
battery. do the charges on the two plates have equal magnitude. or may they be different? Explain your
reasoning. [RHK]

Q-4 A farad is a very large unit of capacitance. Calculate the length of one side of a square, air-filled capacitor that
has a plate separation of 1 m. Assume that it has a capacitance of 1 F. [RHK]

Q-5 Because the net charge in a capacitor is always zero, what does a capacitor store? [RHK]

Q-6 Because the charges on the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are of opposite sign, they attract each other.
Hence, it would take positive work to increase the plate separation. What happens to the external work done
in this process? [RHK]

Q-7 Explain why the work needed to move a charge Q through a potential difference V is W = QV, whereas
1 1
the energy stored in a charged capacitor is U  Q V . Where does the factor come from?
2 2
[RHK]
Q-8 If the potential difference across a capacitor is doubled,by what factor does the stored energy change?
[RHK]

Q-9 You charge a parallel-plate capacitor, remove it from the battery, and preven the wires connected to the plates
from touching each other. When you pull the plates apart, do the following quantities increase, decrease, or
stay the same? (a) C; (b) Q; (c) E between the plates; (d) V; (e) energy stored in the capacitor.

Q-10 (a) C decreaes (Eq. 26.3). (b) Q stays the same because there is no place for charge to flow. (c) E reamains
constant (see Eq. 24.8 and the paragraph following it). (d) V; increases because V = Q/C, Q is constant
(part a). (e) The energy stored in the capacitor is proportional to both Q and V (Eq. 26.11) and thus increases.
The additional energy comes from the work you do in pulling the two plates apart.

Q-11 An isolated charged conducting sphere of radius 12.0 cm creates an electric field of 4.90104 N/C at a distance
21.0 cm from its center. (a) What is its surface charge density? (b) What is its capacitance?

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Q-12 Two conducting spheres with diameters of 0.400 m and 1.00 m are seperated by a distance that is large
compared with the diameters. The spheres are connected by a thin wire and are charged to 7.00 C. (a) How
is this total charge shared between the spheres? (Neglect any charge on the wire.) (b) What is the potential of
the system of spheres when the reference potential is taken to be V = 0 at r =  ?

Q-13 When 30  C charge is given to an isolated conductor of capacitance 5  F. Find out the following
(i) Potential of the conductor
(ii) Energy stored in the electric field of conductor
(iii) If this conductor is now connected to another isolated conductor by a conducting wire (at very large
distance) of total charge 50 C and capacity 10 F then

(a) find out the common potential of both the conductors.

(b) Find out the heat dissipated during the process of charge distribution.
(c) Find out the ratio of final charges on conductors.
(d) Find out the final charges on each conductor.

Q-14 STATEMENT-1 : If the potential difference across a plane parallel plate capacitor is doubled then the
potential energy of the capacitor becomes four times under all conditions.

1
STATEMENT-2 : The potential energy U stored in the capacitor is U = CV2, where C and V havee
2
usual meaning.
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False (d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(E) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is False

Q-15 Plate A of a parallel air filled capacitor is connected to a nonconducting spring

AB
+ –
having force constant k and plate B is fixed. If a charge + q is placed on plate A and + –
charge – q on plate B then find out extension in
the spring in equilibrium. Assume area of plate is ‘A’.

Q-16 State true or false :

(i) If the charge on capacitor is constant, on increasing the separation (still keeping it very less change) between
its plates the force between the plates does not change.

Q-17 Both the capacitors shown in figure are made of square plates of edge a.The separations between the plates
R
of the capacitors are d1 and d2 as shown in the figure. A battery of V
volt and a resistance R are connected as shown in figure. At steady
d1
state an electron is projected between the plates of the lower
V
capacitor from its lower plate along the plate as shown. With
what minimum speed should the electron be projected so that it e d2

does not collide with any plate? Consider only the electric forces.

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Q-18 Each plate of a parallel plate air capacitor has an area S. What amount of work has to be performed by
external agent to slowly increase the distance between the plates from x 1 to x2 if:
(i) the charge of the capacitor, which is equal to q is kept constant in the process.
(ii) the voltage across the capacitor, which is equal to V is kept constant in the process.

Q-19 Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A, are arranged such that adjacent plates are at a distance d apart,
the plates are connected to a source of emf V as shown in the figure
The charge on plate 1 is ......... and on plate 4 is ..........

–
+

1 2 3 4 5

Q-20 Two parallel plate capacitors with different distances between the plates are connected in parallel to a
voltage source. A point positive charge Q is moved from a point 1 that is exactly in the middle between the
plates of a capacitor C 1 to a point 2 (which lie in capacitor C 2) that lies at a distance from the negative
plate of C 2 equal to half the distance between the plates of C 1. Is any work done in the process? If yes,
calculate the work done by the field if potential at 1 and 2 are V1 and V2.
+

1 2
C1 C2
–
Q-21 Find the potential difference between the points A and B (VA – VB ) as shown in figure. (Initially all the capacitors
are uncharged) 10V 6 F

4 F 20V
A B

30V 10F

Q-22 Three uncharged capacitors of capacitance C1 = 1 F, C2 = 2 F and C 3 = 3 F are connected as shown in the
figure. The potential of point A, B and D are 10 volt, 25 volt and 20 volt respectively. Determine the
A
potential at point O.
C1
O
C2 C3
B D

Q-23 A capacitor of capacitance 2.0 F is charged to a potential difference of 12 V. It is then connected to an

uncharged capacitor of capacitance 4.0 F as shown in figure. Find (a) the charge on each of the two capacitors
after the connection, (b) the electrostatic energy stored in each of the two capacitors and (c) the heat produced
during the charge transfer from one capacitor to the other.

2.0 F 4.0 F

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Q-24 Three conducting plates of area 500 cm2 area kept fixed as shown. Distance between adjacent plates is 8.85
mm. A charge of 1.0 nC is placed on the middle plate. (a) What will be the charge on the outer surface of the
upper plate ? (b) Find the potential difference developed between the upper and the middle plates.

Q-25 Consider the arrangement of parallel plates of the previous problem. If 1.0nC charge is given to the upper plate
instead of the middle, what will be the potential difference between (a) the upper and the middle plates and (b)
the middle and the lower plates ?

Q-26 A spherical capacitor is made of two conducting spherical shells of radii a and b = 3a. The space between the
shells is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K = 3 upto a radius c = 2a as shown. If the capacitance of
given arrangement is n times the capacitance of an isolated spherical conducting shell of radius a. Then find value
of n.

b
a
• c

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ABHYAAS - I

LEVEL - II

Q.1 There are two conductors of capacitance C and 2C are charged equally with charge +Q each and
connected with a thin conducting wire and a switch as shown in figure. Find the final charges on the
conductors after closing the switch.
+Q +Q
t=0
C 2C

Q-2 A capacitor is formed of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii a and b. The inner shell
of radius a is covered by a thin coating of an insulating material with dielectric constant K and thickness t.

 b2  K  1 
Show that the capacity of this system is changed approximately by 4  0  2
t
 K  b  1 

Q-3 Two isolated conducting solid spheres of radii R and 2R are charged such that both have same
charge density . The spheres are located far away from each other. The two spheres are connected
by a thin conducting wire via a switch. Find the new charge density on the bigger sphere after closing
the switch using capacitor of spheres.

Q-4 A radioactive source is in the form of a conducting sphere of diameter 10 –3m which emits 
particles at a constant rate of 6.25 x 1010 particles per second. If the source is electrically insulated,
how long will it take for its potential to rise by 1.0 V, assuming that 80% of emitted  particles escape
from the surface.

K2
Q-5 A capacitor is formed of two concentric spherical conducting
K1
shells of radii a and b. If the medium between the spherical shells r
a
has a dielectric constant K1 from radius a to r and K2 from radius r to b,
b
find the capacitance of such a spherical capacitor shown in figure.

Q-6 A parallel plate capacitor is arranged horizontally in a mechanical

situation with the lower plate is fixed and the other connected
with a perpendicular spring as shown in figure. The area of each
plate is A and in equilibrium the distance between the plates is d0.
When the capacitor is connected with a source of voltage V, a new
equilibrium appears after some displacement in upper plate with the
new distance between the plates d1. Given that mass of the upper
plate is m.
(a) Find the spring constant K.
(b) What is the maximum voltage for a given K in which an equilibrium is possible?
(c) What is the angular frequency of the oscillating system around the equilibrium value d 1 .
Consider that amplitude of the oscillation is less than d1.

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Q-7 The lower plate of a parallel plate capacitor is fixed on an insulating plane as shown in figure.
The upper plate is suspended from one end of a balance. Initially the capacitor is uncharged and
balance is in equilibrium state. A voltage V is applied between the plates, what additional weight should
be placed to maintain the balance? Consider the separation between the plates to be d and the
area of each plate is A.

+ + + + + + +
d

Q-8 In previous illustration if battery is connected with reverse polarity as shown in figure then find the
amount of heat produced in circuit after switch is closed.
C=10F
+50 C 50 C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
10V S

Q-9 The two plates of a capacitor of capacitance 20F are given different charges of 100C and
300C respectively as shown in figure. Find the amount of heat produced in circuit when
switch S is closed.
C=20F
+100 C +300  C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
S
20V

Q-10 A capacitor of 5F capacitance is charged with an initial charge 60C as shown in figure and
connected across a 10V battery. Find the amount of heat produced when switch is closed.
C=5F
+60 C 60 C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
S
10V

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Q-11 The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 400pF and its plates are separated by 2mm of air
(a) What will be the energy when it is charged to 1500V.
(b) What will be the potential difference with the same charge if plate separation is doubled?
(c) How much energy is needed to double the distance between its plates ?

Q-12 A charge of 1C is given to one plate of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 0.1F and
a charge of 2C is given to the other plate. Find the potential difference developed between
the plates.

Q-13 A parallel plate capacitor of plate area 0.2m 2 and spacing 10–2m is charged to 103V and is then
disconnected from the battery. How much work in required if the plates are pulled apart to double
the plate spacing? Calculate the final voltage on the capacitor.

Q-14 Two unifor mly charged spherical drops at potential V coalesce to form a larger drop.
If capacitance of each smaller drop is C then find capacitance and potential of larger drop.

Q-15 A spherical capacitor has the inner sphere of radius 2cm and the outer one of 4cm. If the inner sphere
is earthed and the outer one is charged with a charge of 2C and isolated, calculate.
(a) The potential to which the outer sphere is raised
(b) The charge retained on the outer surface of the outer sphere.

Q-16 The capacitance of a variable capacitor can be changed from 50pF to 950pF by turning the dial
from 0° to 180°. With the dial set at 180°, the capacitor is connected to a 400V battery.
After charging, the capacitor is disconnected from the battery and the dial is turned at 0°.
(a) What is the potential difference across the capacitor when the dials reads 0° ?
(b) How much work is required to turn the dial, if friction is neglected ?

Q-17 The stratosphere acts as a conducting layer for the earth. If the stratosphere extends beyond 50km
from the surface of earth, then calculate the capacitance of the spherical capacitor formed
between stratosphere and earth's surface. Take radius of earth as 6400km.

Q-18 A 40F capacitor in a defibrillator is charged to 3000V. The energy stored in the capacitor is
sent through the patient during a pulse of duration 2ms. Find the average current and the power
delivered to the patient will be.

Q-19 A capacitor has two circular plates whose radius are 8cm each and distance between them is 1mm.
When mica having dielectric constant 6 is filled between the plates, calculate the new capacitance
of this capacitor and the energy stored when it is put across a potential of 150V.

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Q-20 If charge on 3F capacitor is 3C. Find the charge on capacitor of capacitance C in C.
C

V 6 F 3 F

Q-21 An insulated conductor initially free from charge is charged by repeated contacts with a plate
which after each contact is charged to Q by some mechanism. If q is charge on the conductor after
the first operation, prove that the maximum charge which can be given to the conductor in this
way is Qq/(Q – q).

ANSWERS
Abhyaas - I (Level - 0)
Q-1 (D) Q-2 (A) Q-3 (D) Q-4 (A) Q-5 (D) Q-6 (C) Q-7 (A)
Q-8 (A) Q-9 (A) Q-10 (C) Q-11 (C) Q-12 (B) Q-13 (D) Q-14 (C)
Q-15 (B) Q-16 (A) Q-17 (C) Q-18 (B) Q-19 (A) Q-20 (B) Q-21 (B)
Q-22 (C) Q-23 (D) Q-24 (C) Q-25 (A) Q-26 (A) Q-27 (C) Q-28 (D)
Q-29 (D) Q-30 (C) Q-31 (C) Q-32 (B) Q-33 (C) Q-34 (B) Q-35 (B)
Q-36 (B) Q-37 (A) Q-38 (B) Q-39 (A) Q-40 (D) Q-41 (B) Q-42 (B)
Q-43 (A) Q-44 (C)

Abhyaas - I (Level - I)

Q-4 336km Q-5 Electropotential energy

Q-6 Stored as electropotential energy

Q-7 dW = dQ V
Q 1 Q2 1
W   VdQ   dQ   QV
C 2 C 2
factor 1/2 comes because Q = CV ie V is directly proportional to Q.
Q-8 4

Q-9 (a) C decreases

(b) Q stays the same because there is no place for the charge to flow.
(c) E remains constant.
(d) V increases because V = Q/C, Q is constant (part b), and C decreases (Part a).
(e) The energy stored in the capacitor is proportional to both Q and V and thus increases.
The additional energy comes from the work you do in pulling the two plates apart.

Q-11 1.33C / m2 ,1.33  1011 F

Q-12 5C on sphere of radius of 1m and 1C on sphere of radius 0.4m.
16 5 Q 5 F 1 80 160
Q-13 (i) 6 V (ii) 90 J (iii) (a) V (b) J (c)  (d) Q5mF = C Q10mF = C
3 3 Q 10 F 2 3 3

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IIT JEE|PHYSICS 24
Q-14 If potential difference across an isolated charged capacitor is doubled by doubling separation between
Q2
plates, the energy stored is capacitor from U = becomes double of previous value. Hence statement 1
2C
is false.

q2 Q2
Q-15 Q16 True, F = ; because Q remain constant so F remain constant
2k 0 A 2A 0

Q-17


Vea2 

1/2

Q-18 (i)
q2  x2  x1 
(ii) –

0 SV2 x1  x1
2 1 
 2m d 2 (d1  d 2 )  20 S 2
0 AV 2 0 AV
Q-19 ,– Q-20 work done by the field = Q (V1 - V2)
d d
 A C1  B C 2  D C 3
Q-21 –22 V Q-22 0 = = 20 V
C1  C 2  C 3
Q-23 (a) 8 C, 16 C (b) 16 J, 32 J, (c) 96 J Q-24 (a) 0.50 nC (b) 10 V

Q-25 (a) 10 V (b) 10 V Q-26 n=3

Abhyaas - I (Level - II)

2Q 4Q
Q-1 Charge on capacitor with capacitance C  & Charge on capacitor with capacitance 2C =
3 3
1
2
 1 1  1 1 1 
Q-3 1.44  10 J Q-4 6.95 s Q-5 4  0       
  K 1 a K 2 b  r  K 2 K 1  

32  K  3d  2d 0 
0 AV 2 K 2 
Q-6 (a) K  (b) Vmax  d0 (c)     1 
2d12  d 0  d1  A0  3   m  d1 
2
1 0 AV
Q-7 Q-8 1125J
2 md2

Q-9 6250J Q-10 610J

Q-11 (a) 4.5 x 10–4J (b) 3000V (c) 4.5 x 10–4J Q-12 5V

Q-13 8.9 x 10–5 J, 200V Q-14 21/3C, 22/3V

Q-15 (a) 2.25 x 105V; (b) +1C Q-16 (a) 7600V; (b) 1.368 x 10–3J

Q-17 0.092F Q-18 60A, 90kW

Q-19 1.068 x 10–9F; 1.2 x 10–5J Q-20 9C

“Hustle until you no longer need to

introduce yourself.”

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