COURSE TITLE: THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES

COURSE NO.: CA 322

IM NO. 7

I. LESSON OVERVIEW
This is a two-unit course which covers the different therapeutic modalities, treatment models,
treatment programs, and policy or program intervention for both in Institutional and non-institutional
corrections. The forging of partnerships, involvement and engagement of Government Agencies, Religious
Sector, Private Foundations, Institutions and Non-Governmental Organizations focused on the
Detainee’s/Inmate’s/Person Deprived Liberty’s total welfare and well-being.

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in correctional therapeutic modalities promoting

public safety and criminal justice.
2. Ensure offender’s welfare and development through therapeutic modalities for their re-integration to
the community.
3. Collaborate the different therapeutic modalities effectively and independently to all types of personS
deprived of liberty.
4. Engage in lifelong learning and devising therapeutic modalities for all types of persons deprived of
liberty.
5. Apply professional, social, and ethical standards in the practice correcting criminals.

VI. LESSON PROPER

CHAPTER VI: INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION

Can spirituality and intellect go together? Is spirituality and intelligence at odds with each other?

Intelligence and spirituality ultimately follow the same path. By embracing intellect to its fullest extent, one
will eventually arrive at a sense of spirituality. Our actions are governed by intelligence; we achieve the best
results when we make the most intelligent decisions. But if we go home, meditate, and begin asking
questions like, "What is the purpose of my life?" we have to load up a different set of rules. Now we've
supposedly left the territory of the intellect and entered the spiritual realm. We try to interact intelligently
with our outer world and spiritually with our inner world.

Spirituality in TC

Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a man. Spirituality in TCMP is
designed to respond to the inner longing of residents to find greater faith where they can anchor
themselves within their struggle to find meaning to their
existence.

It summarizes a man's relationship with himself, others and the Supreme Being. The spiritual component
provides the residents with activities that would help them explore the meaning and purpose of their
existence and their particular place in the world.
Intellectual Component

The intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning for
knowledge in order to attain a higher level of understanding.

A well-structured and well-implemented Intellectual Component is a factor in establishing a Therapeutic

Community for the residents. It helps the residents restore their self-esteem as their minds become open to
ideas and their intellect does not cease to feed on a free and open interchange of opinions.

Providing worthwhile opportunities for learning/ education will facilitate regaining their human quality and
self-respect thereby making self-realization that being law-abiding and productive both during their stay in
the facility and their eventual release in the society s mainstream is the real essence and measure of
development.

Procedure:
1 Select a topic related to expertise of the speaker/lecturer beneficial to the residents.
2. Schedule the activity
3. Preparation Phase
4. Seminar Proper

THE TC PHILOSOPHY

The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the Morning

Meeting. It embodies all the challenges and aspirations of most residents who feel alienated and the desire
to overcome the imposed limitations on their freedom and find their own place where they could feel safe
and welcome. It acknowledges the importance of fellowship in shaping one's behavior and motivating one's
fortitude of helping himself and others. It likewise serves as his anchor in times of emotional turmoil which
he can always go back to and reflect. It forms emotional binding among the participants knowing
that they are grounded on the same philosophy.

1. Surrender
"I am here because there is no refuge. finally from myself,"
I am where I am right now because I admit that something went wrong with my life that I have no control
over. I admit that I need the help of a Higher Power and of others to bring positive change in my life.

2. Self-disclosure
"Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others, I am running. Until l suffer them to share my
secrets. I have no safety from them. Afraid to be known, I can neither know myself or
any other: I will be alone."

I now know that unless I come out in the open and admit my mistakes, I will forever be running from them. I
need to disclose my deepest secrets to my peers so that I can find the
right ways of dealing with them.

By opening myself up for others to see through me, I will be free from my own demons and let others guide
and help me through my ordeals. Nobody can help me unless I let them know my woes and let them
understand that like them, I also need help.

3. Reflection
"Where else but in our common grounds can| find such a mirror? There is no better place to disclose my
feelings than in a place full of people with similar experiences where I feel safe and free from prejudices.
People are here for different reasons but with a common problem. It is easy to identify with somebody who
is going through the same experience as me.

4. Self-realization
"Here together. I can appear clearly to myself. not as the giant of my dreams not the dwarf of my fears, but
as a person, part of the whole with my share in its purpose"
When I start to understand myself better, I began to realize how all my negative behaviors came to be. It is
easier to deal with something when we understand its roots. I will learn not to look at myself as too big or
too small to handle all my worries. I will learn that I will
deal with them as a person among others who are united together to help each other by relating our similar
attitudes and behaviors.

4. Growth
"In this ground, I can take root and grow"

I realize that this environment can help me overcome my mistakes and start a new life. I can anchor myself
in this community to foster permanent change.

5. Self-worth
"Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself and to others"

I begin n to believe in my ability to overcome all my challenges and give out all my best for myself and
others. I also believe in my ability to be of help to others who are in similar situation.

TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES

The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans or aphorisms that are verbally given to the residents to
impart the beliefs and values of TC in relation to their day-to-day living. These sayings are used to remind
the residents as to what are considered important to them.

1. "Honesty"
A lot of residents continue to live in a lie without the fear of its consequences. This virtue points out the
importance of truth and its relevance to recovery.

2. "Responsible love and concern"

The residents will learn how to give and accept criticisms without resentment. Bonded by trust and
confidence, the residents know that mistakes need to be corrected if the aim is to bring the other towards
behavioral change.

3. "To be aware is to be alive"

Residents learn to be conscious of what is going on in the environment. In TC, minor attitudes are
engrossed to prevent major attitudinal problems to arise.

4. "Trust in your environment"

there will be no change if there is no honesty and disclosure. Before doing so, trust must be established.
One should believe that the program can help him. In doing so, he will learn to accept the program and use
its tools to evoke changes in himself.

5. Be careful what you ask for, you might just get it"
Man by nature is ambitious. We never get contented with what we have. We want more, even if having so
would lead Us to commit mistakes. We should learn to appreciate what we have and use it to better
ourselves.

6. "No free lunch"

In reality, nothing really comes easy. If we aim for something we have to work for it. There is no pride in
getting something the easy way. It is hard to let go of something that we labored for. Change will not come
if we will just wait for it to happen. We have to make
it happen.

7. "You can't keep it unless you give it away"

Knowledge or learning is better appreciated if shared with others. Something becomes valuable if used to
help others make positive changes in their lives. Helping others help us in the process as we start to feel
good about ourselves.

8. "What goes around comes around"

"Whatever you do unto others will be done unto you". Any good deed will be rewarded while evil deeds will
be punished in the end. We should always be mindful of our actions as they are the parameters of how we
will be judged in the end.

9. “Act as if"
Learning and accepting the TC program is not easy. Most residents feel resistant towards it. This
philosophy teaches the residents to go with the flow as a way of compliance. In the process, they will learn
to embrace it and the behavior will soon become natural

10. "Understand rather than be understood"

It is sometimes common for us to be selfish. We find it hard to admit our mistakes hence we tend to blame
everybody but ourselves. We expect everyone around us to understand our wrongdoings but we seldom
make an effort to understand others. Understanding others is a virtue because it speaks of humility and
patience. If we take the first step to know where others are coming from, there would be lesser conflicts in
relationships.

11. "Personal growth before vested status"

Sometimes, we become so wrapped up in our own status or positions in life that we tend to forget to
develop relationships with the people around us. We should cultivate our personal abilities before we scale
the ladder to success.

12. "Compensation is valid"

A reward for working hard is well deserved. We get what we put into

13. "Forgiveness"
To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt and anger gives us a feeling of inner peace
and happiness. Failure to get over the pains will pin us down and stunt our progress.

14. "Humility"
To humble one' self before others is a laudable virtue. We are often enveloped by pride that it is difficult for
us to lower ourselves and admit our inadequacies and limitations. By doing so, we develop a fair insight
about ourselves thus giving us the challenge to improve ourselves.

15. "You alone can do it, but you can't do it alone"

Oftentimes, we feel invincible and indispensable knowing that certain tasks can only be accomplished by
us. We don't realize that we have certain limitations that without the help of others, the burden will be too
great for us. We should learn to reach out for help and admit our weaknesses.

16. "Pride in quality"

Time flies so fast that we tend to hurry in everything we do. We lose Our focus and do things haphazardly
just for the sake of completion. we should always seek for quality in our work. The product of our labor
speaks of our attitude towards life in general.

17. "Feelings don't think"

we usually react impulsively to things around us because of our feelings. Before we can even think, an
action has already been done. Everything starts in the mind. If we think before we act, chances are, we will
behave with contempt as we have analyzed the process before the action.

18. "Guilt kills"

One of the underlying reasons for depression Is guilt. It is a feeling of shame and self-blame. If a guilt
feeling remains unresolved, it can be turned inwards, thus resulting to self-inflicted harm.

19. "Hang tough"

Sometimes, we feel that there is no end to our miseries and we feel helpless and hopeless. No matter how
dim life seems to be, there is always hope. In every problem is a solution. Every problem is a learning
experience that would make us tougher in dealing with life’s challenges.

20. "You are your brother's keeper"

In TC, each one is responsible for the other members of the community. The failure of one is the failure of
all. This gives all the residents a sense of responsibility in shepherding others. The success of the program
is a reflection of how one cares for the other.

THEME CONCEPT OF THE DAY

It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to ponder upon in relation to their
day-to-day interactions and behaviors. It is elaborated during the Morning Meeting by some members of the
community to emphasize its relevance and how it
can stimulate the residents thoughts and help them change their behavior into something positive. It can
also be taken from the Unwritten Philosophies.

MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR INNER Sanctuary

The visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice of moving his attention within,
finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his inner wisdom. This experience is unique for
everyone so much so that one's experience may be different from the others. Some may experience visual
imagery while the others may not. What is important is to do it the not easy and natural way in order to
attain the goal and have the opportunity to relax and enjoy the process. After the activity, ask the
participants how they feel and what have they learned from the experience.

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: Residents, Facilitator

Procedure:
A facilitator is present to give the instruction to the participants. Soft background or meditation music can be
used. The instruction goes this way:

"Ang ehersisyong ito ay magsisimula sa pamamagitan paghahanap ng posisyon na komportable sa iyo.

Pwedeng nakaupo o nakahiga. Kapag nakaupo, siguraduhing nakalapat ang likod sa upuan, nakalapat ang
dalawang paa sa sahig at ang mga kamay at braso ay naka-relaks. Kung nakahiga,humiga ng ang likod ay
nakalapat sa sahig at ang katawan ay naka-relaks.

"Kapag ikaw ay komportable na, ipikit ang mga mata at damhin ang nararamdaman ng katawan. Kapag
nakaramdam ng tensiyon, huminga ng malalim at isiping dahan-dahang nawawala ang tensiyon ng
katawan at ito ay tuluyang nagiging relaks."

"Una ay isipin ang mga daliri ng paa at mga paa.lsipin na ang mga ito ay dahan-dahang nagiging relaks"
Susunod ay ang iyong mga binti at tuhod. Dahan-dahang ilagay ang mga ito sa posisiyong nakapahinga"

"Dumako naman sa balakang at puson.Isipin na ang mga partingg ito ng katawan ay tuluyang nagiging
relaks.Huminga ng malalaim para tuluyang ma-relaks ang mababang bahagi ng katawan."

"Dumako naman sa tiyan at mga bahagi sa loob nito.lsiping ang mga ito ay dahan-dahang lumalambot at
nagpapahinga."

"lsipin ang mga parte ng dibdib likod, balikat, braso, kamay at mga daliri.llagay ang mga ito sa posisyong
nakapahinga."

"Dumako naman sa leeg, ulo, mata, talukap, tenga at panga.l-relaks ang mga ito.Huminga ng malalim at
dahan-dahang ilabas ang hangin kasama ng paglabas ng lahat ng tensiyon sa mga parting ito. Damhin ang
enerhiyang pumapasok sa katawan at naglalabas ng lahat ng natitirang tensiyon.

"Habang humihinga ng malalim, i-relaks ang isip na para ang ito ay bahagi ng katawan.lwaksi ang
anumang isipin hanggang ito sa ang iyong utak at isip ay nagiging tahimik at walang bumabagabag

"Habang humihinga ng malalim, dalhin ang kamulatan sa isang napakalalim na lugar sa sarili."
"Isipin na ikaw ay naglalakad sa isang napakagandang kapaligiran. Maaring ito ay nakikita sa iyong isip O
pwedeng magkunwari na ikaw ay nasa isang lugar na katulad nito. Habang naglalakad sa kapaligiran,
nakikita mo ang kagandahan nito at nararamdaman mo na lalong nagiging relaks ang pakiramdam.
Isipin na ang napakagandang lugar na ito ay iyong nakikita at nararamdaman.Napaka-espesyal ng lugar na
ito para sa iyo. Maaaring ito ay may mga puno, naggagandahang bulaklak, ilog. dagat at bukid. Ang
napakaganda at tahimik na lugar na ito ay malapit sa iyong puso at ito ay ang iyong sariling "inner
sanctuary na walang pwedeng makarating kung hindi ikaw lang."

"Damhin mo ang simoy ng hangin sa iyong "inner sanctuary .Nararamdaman mo ba ang sikat ng araw at
hangin? Naririnig mo ba ang huni ng mga ibon at insekto?Naririning mo ba ang hampas ng alon sa dagat?
Damhin mo ang para sa iyo ay nakapagbibigay kasiyahan sa iyo."

Tingnan mo ang paligid sa iyong "inner sanctuary at hanapin ang isang lugar na makapagbibigay sa iyo ng
magandang pahingahan.Gamitin ito na lugar para ikaw ay umupo o mahiga kung kinakailangan.

Damhin ang kapanatagan ng loob habang ikaw ay nasa "inner sanctuary" mo. Isiping ikaw ay tulad ng
isang spongha na sinisipsip ang lahat ng kabutihan sa paligid."

"Ngayon, dalhin ang kamulatan sa isang napakalalim at tahimik na bahagi ng iyong sarili hanggat
matagpuan mo ang iyong lugar ng katahimikan at kapayapaan. Dito, ikaw ay ligtas sa lahat ng problema at
anumang dalahin sa buhay. hayaan ang sariling damhin ang kapayapaan kung saan walang kailangan
gawin kundi ang hayaan ang sarili na maranasan ng buo ang kapayapaan at kapanatagan ng kalooban."

Sa iyong lubos na kapayapaan, mahahanap mo ang iyong sariling kaalaman na makapagtuturo sa iyo ng
iyong mga pangangailangan at nagbibigay ng tamang gabay sa pagtahak sa buhay.Kahit hind mo ito
nararamdaman o hindi ka naniniwala dito, hayaang maniwala o isipin na niniwala sa presensya nito.
Maniwala man o hindi, ito ay naririyan sa kalooban mo."

"Kung may mga tanong ka sa iyong "gabay", magtanong ka. Maging tahimik at pakiramdaman ang
agot.Maaaring marinig ito, Makita bilang imahe or maramdaman. Sa papaano mang paraan, maging
bukas at hayaan itong pumasok sa iyong kamulatan.Maaari ding hindi ito maramdaman. Maari itong
dumating sa mga susunod na panahon. Tanggapin ang anumang karanasan.

Kung may karagdagang tanong sa iyong"gabay", tungkol sa pag-ibig, problema o anumang

nangangailangan ng sagot, magtanong at ang pinto ay magbubukas upang malaman mo ang sagot.
Maaring ang mga sagot ay kakaiba sa inaasahan subalit ito ay darating…”

SEMINARS

Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek personal involvement among the
residents. It is a way of providing information, improving the resident's speaking and writing abilities and
enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being presented.

Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a week

Participants: Residents, Facilitator

Types of Seminars:
1. Discussion- open format and allow for group participation
2. Data Sessions-given specific information and games
3. Games-mind-expanding activities to elicit thought, creativity, and imagination
4. Seminar series on varied topics

THE DEBATE

The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reasonably and put
together arguments in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and
demonstrate a broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on other's
opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator

Procedure:
1. Divide the group into two, according to gender or depending upon the topic for debate.
2. Assign a group for "pro" and the other as "con"
3. Choose the first speaker for each group. Each group is given 5 minutes to gather their thoughts on the
issue. Each speaker is given 2 minutes.
4. The "pro" group is first to give their opinion on the issue for 2 minutes. A rebuttal for 2 minutes is allotted
for the "con" group.
5. The exchange of opinions is allowed for a few minutes more. Once the majority has spoken, the
facilitator will switch the stand so much so the "pro" will now become the "con" and vice versa.
6. After the activity, the facilitator will process how the group felt when they have to defend an issue which
is contrary to their beliefs and if they could see the reasonableness of the other's arguments? What have
they learned from the activity?

GAMES: THE "GRAB BAG"

The "Grab Bag" is a form of seminar which enhances the resident’s ability to communicate, analyze ideas
and develop insights about themselves with the use of identification with inanimate objects.

Procedure:
1. Divide the group into small groups of 10 members with one facilitator per group.
2. Each facilitator will have a plastic bag/ container with different items inside
3. Without peeping, each resident will grab one item inside the bag. He/she will be given 3-5 minutes to tell
something about the item, describing it as if he/she were the object, what it is made of and its use.
4. Each resident takes turn until every member of the group has picked an item and speak.
5. The facilitator will process the activity and ask the group how they feel about the activity and what
insights they have gained.

SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES

This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment
after an intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose and socialize. Each static
group is assigned a specific task or presentation to develop talents among the residents.