Question bank on function limit continuity & derivability

There are 105 questions in this question bank.

Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct)
Q.13 If both f(x) & g(x) are differentiable functions at x = x 0, then the function defined as,
h(x) = Maximum {f(x), g(x)} :
(A) is always differentiable at x = x0
(B) is never differentiable at x = x0
(C*) is differentiable at x = x0 provided f(x0)  g(x0)
(D) cannot be differentiable at x = x0 if f(x0) = g(x0) .
[Hint: Consider the graph of h(x) = max(x, x2) at x = 0 and x = 1]

Q .2 5 If Lim (x3 sin 3x + ax2 + b) exists and is equal to zero then :

x0

(A*) a =  3 & b = 9/2 (B) a = 3 & b = 9/2

(C) a =  3 & b = 9/2 (D) a = 3 & b = 9/2
sin 3x a
Lim sin 3x  ax  bx 3
[Sol. Lim   b = x0
x 0 x3 x2 x3
sin 3x
3  a  bx 2
= Lim
x0
3x for existence of limit 3 + a = 0  a = – 3
x2
sin 3x  3x  bx 3 sin t  t
 Lim
l = x0 = 27 . b = 0 (3x = t)
x3 t3
27 9
=   b =0  b= ]
6 2
[ OR use L' Hospital's rule ]

x m sin x1 x  0, m N
Q.36 A function f(x) is defined as f(x) =  . The least value of m for which f  (x) is
 0 if x  0
continuous at x = 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) none
1
h m sin
[Sol. f ' (0+) = Lim x must exist
h0 h
 m>1
1 1
m x m 1 sin  x m 2 cos x  0
 x x
for m > 1 h ' (x) = 

0 if x  0

1 1
now Lim h ( x )  Lim m h m 1 sin  h m  2 cos
h 0 h 0 h h
limit exist if m > 2
 m  N  m = 3]
  1 p
if x  q where p & q  0 are relatively prime integers
Q.410 For x > 0, let h(x) =  q
 0 if x is irrational
then which one does not hold good?
(A*) h(x) is discontinuous for all x in (0, )
(B) h(x) is continuous for each irrational in (0, )
(C) h(x) is discontinuous for each rational in (0, )
(D) h(x) is not derivable for all x in (0, ) .
2 2 1
[Sol. Let x= which is rational  h  
3 3 3
F
G I0
H3  tJ
2
Lim h
t 0 K  discontinuous at x Q

Let x= 2 
 Q
h di 2 =0 consider 2 = 1.41401235839
F1414023583
h d2 i = h G
. IJ= 1  0
H 10 K 10 10 10

Hence h is continuous for all irrational  A ]

1 1
x
 2 x  e   3x n  e x
n
   
   
Q.512 The value of Limit n
(where n N ) is
x  x
2 2
(A) ln   (B*) 0 (C) n ln   (D) not defined
3 3
xn xn
x x
2 e  3e xn
[Hint: l = Limit but Limit 0  l = 0 ]
x  xn x  ex

Q.613 For a certain value of c, Lim [(x5 + 7x4 + 2)C - x] is finite & non zero. The value of c and the value
x 
of the limit is
(A*) 1/5, 7/5 (B) 0, 1 (C) 1, 7/5 (D) none
  7 2 
c   5c 1  7 2 
c 
Lim  x 5c 1   5   x  = Lim x x  1     1 
[Sol. x     x    x 5 
  x x     x  
This will be of the form  × 0 only if
5c – 1 = 0  c = 1/ 5 substituting c = 1/5 , l becomes

Hence l = xLim 
   x 1  X 
1/ 5
1  7
where X   5
x x
2

 X  7 2  1 7
= xLim
 
x 1   .....  1 = Lim x   5  .
  
=
 5  x
x x  5 5
1 7
Hence c = and l = ]
5 5
Q.714 Consider the piecewise defined function

 x if x0

f (x) =  0 if 0  x  4
 x4 if x4
choose the answer which best describes the continuity of this function
(A) The function is unbounded and therefore cannot be continuous.
(B) The function is right continuous at x = 0
(C) The function has a removable discontinuity at 0 and 4, but is continuous on the rest of the real line.
(D*) The function is continuous on the entire real line

[Hint: Refer to the graph ]

Q.817 If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then Lim

1  cos ax 2  bx  c  equals
x  (x  ) 2

1 a2   2 a2   2
(A) 0 (B) ()2 (C*) (  ) (D)  (  )
2 2 2

cax 2
 bx  c h F
G b c IJ F
G cI
x  x J
b
cax h; H
2 a 2 x2 
K H a aK
2
2 sin 2 2 x
2
2
 bx  c a a
Lim Lim
[Sol.
x 0
Fcax  bx  c
2
hIJ2
4 (x   )2 x  4(x) (x)
G
H 2 K
a2 ( x   )2 ( x   )2 a2
Lim ; Lim (    )2  C ]
x  2 ( x   )2 x  2

2
Q.918 Which one of the following best represents the graph of the function f(x) = Lim tan 1 nx 
n  

(A*) (B) (C) (D)

Q.1019

Lim   4

1  3x  x 2 
1

 3

3 . x4  1 
 =

x 1 
  x 2  x 1 1  x3  x  x 1 
 
1 1
(A) (B*) 3 (C) (D) none
3 2
Q.1124 ABC is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle of radius r . If AB = AC & h is the altitude from A to BC

and P be the perimeter of ABC then Lim equals (where  is the area of the triangle)
h 0 P3
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none
32r 64r 128 r
[Sol. AB = h 2  2rh  h 2 = 2rh

P = 2 2 rh + 2 2rh  h 2

 2rh  h 2 
P = 2  2rh  

2 2rh  h 2 . h
= = h 2rh  h 2
2

 h 2rh  h 2 h 3 / 2 2r  h
Limit 3 = Limit 3 = Limit
h 0 p h 0
8 2rh  2rh  h 2 
 
h 0
8 h 3 / 2 2r  2r  h  
3

2r 1
=   (C) ]
8 . 8 (2r ) (2r )1 / 2 128r
a
Alternative: Note that as h  0 , b = or 2b = a
2
 ab (b) abc
Hence 3 = 3 (using R = )
p 4R. (a  2b) 4
2b3 1
= 3 = 128 R  (C) ]
4R 64b

Q.1232 Let the function f, g and h be defined as follows :

1
x sin   for  1  x  1 and x  0
 x
f (x) = 

0 for x0

1
x 2 sin   for  1  x  1 and x  0
 x
g (x) = 

0 for x0
h (x) = | x |3 for – 1  x  1
Which of these functions are differentiable at x = 0?
(A) f and g only (B) f and h only (C*) g and h only (D) none

Q.1333 If [x] denotes the greatest integer  x, then Limit

n
1
4
n
1 x  2 x  ......  n x equals
3 3 3

(A) x/2 (B) x/3 (C) x/6 (D*) x/4

 g (x )
Q.1436 Let f (x) = h ( x ) , where g and h are cotinuous functions on the open interval (a, b). Which of the

following statements is true for a < x < b?

(A) f is continuous at all x for which x is not zero.
(B) f is continuous at all x for which g (x) = 0
(C) f is continuous at all x for which g (x) is not equal to zero.
(D*) f is continuous at all x for which h (x) is not equal to zero.

[Hint: By theorem, if g and h are continuous functions on the open interval (a, b), then g/h is also continuous at
all x in the open interval (a, b) where h (x) is not equal to zero. ]

| sin x |  | cos x |
Q.1539 The period of the function f (x) = is
| sin x  cos x |
(A) /2 (B) /4 (C*)  (D) 2

x  e x  cos 2x
Q.1645 If f(x) = , x  0 is continuous at x = 0, then
x2
5
(A) f (0) = (B) [f(0)] = – 2 (C) {f(0)} = –0.5 (D*) [f(0)] . {f(0)} = –1.5
2
where [x] and {x} denotes greatest integer and fractional part function
x  e x  1  (1  cos 2x ) 1 5 5
[Hint: Lim =– –2=– ; hence for continuity f (0) = –
x 0 x2 2 2 2

 5 1 3
 [f (x)] = – 3 ; {f (0)} =   = ; hence [f (0)] {f (0)} = – = – 1.5 ]
 2 2 2


 1  n
1 
2
Q.1746 The value of the limit is
n 2


1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D*)
4 3 2
  
 n2 1  n 1  n 1
[Hint: n 2
 
 n2  =
 
 n 2

 n 
  
n 2

n 

1
1·2 ·3........( n  1) 1 n 1 1
= 2 ·3 ·4......( n  1) ·n = · = Lim n = 1]
n 2 n  2 2
x  b, x  0
Q.1847 The function g (x) =  can be made differentiable at x = 0.
 cos x , x  0
(A) if b is equal to zero (B) if b is not equal to zero
(C) if b takes any real value (D*) for no value of b
 cosh  1
[Hint: g' (0+) = Lim =0
h 0 h
 h  b 1
g ' (0–) = Lim for existence of line b = 1 thus g ' (0–) = 1
h 0 h
Hence g can not be made differentiable for any value of b.]

Q.1949 Let f be differentiable at x = 0 and f ' (0) = 1. Then

f ( h )  f ( 2 h )
Lim =
h 0 h
(A*) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) – 1
[Hint: reduces to 3 f ' (0) ]

Q.2050 If f (x) = sin–1(sinx) ; x R then f is

(A) continuous and differentiable for all x

(B*) continuous for all x but not differentiable for all x = (2k + 1) , k I
2

(C) neither continuous nor differentiable for x = (2k – 1) ; k I
2
(D) neither continuous nor differentiable for x  R  [ 1,1]
 
x  2k for 2k   x  2 k 
 2 2
[Hint:  ]
  3
( 2k  1)   x for 2k   x  2k 
2 2

sin x
Q.2153 Limit where [ ] denotes greatest integer function , is
 1  1 
x
2 cos  (3 sin x  sin 3x )
4 
2 4
(A*) (B) 1 (C) (D) does not exist
 
sin x
[Hint: Limit 1 ax x  /2 , [sin3x]  0 and sinx  1
x
 cos [sin 3 x ]
2

2
 l=  (A) ]


ln (3  x )  ln (3  x )
Q.2260 If Lim = k , the value of k is
x 0 x
2 1 2
(A*) (B) – (C) – (D) 0
3 3 3
  x  x
l n ( 3  x )  l n ( 3  x ) ln 3  ln  1    ln 3  ln  1  
[Sol. Limit = Limit  3  3
x 0 x x 0
x
1/ x 1/ x
 x  x 1 x 1 x 1 1 2
= Limit ln 1    ln  1   = .    =    (A) ]
x 0  3  3 x 3 x 3 3 3 3

x 2n  1
Q.2364 The function f (x) = Lim is identical with the function
n  x 2n  1
(A) g (x) = sgn(x – 1) (B) h (x) = sgn (tan–1x)
(C*) u (x) = sgn( | x | – 1) (D) v (x) = sgn (cot–1x)
 1 if  1  x  1

[Hint: f (x) =  0 if x  1 or  1 and g (x) = sgn(|x| – 1) is same ]

1 if | x | 1

Q.2469 The functions defined by f(x) = max {x 2, (x  1)2, 2x (1  x)}, 0  x  1

(A) is differentiable for all x
(B) is differentiable for all x excetp at one point
(C*) is differentiable for all x except at two points
(D) is not differentiable at more than two points.

x lnx
Q.2573 f (x) = and g (x) = . Then identify the CORRECT statement
lnx x
1 1
(A*) and f (x) are identical functions (B) and g (x) are identical functions
g(x) f (x)
1
(C) f (x) . g (x) = 1  x  0 (D)  1  x 0
f (x ) . g(x )

1 1 x
[Hint: (A)  ; f (x)  x > 0 , x  1 for both
g ( x ) lnx / x lnx
1 1 lnx 1
(B)  ; g(x )   is not defined at x =1 but g (1) = 0
f ( x ) x / lnx x f (x)
x lnx
(C) f (x) . g (x) = . =1 if x > 0 , x  1  N. I.
lnx x
1 1
(D)  1 only for x > 0 and x  1 ]
f ( x ) . g(x ) x lnx
.
lnx x
x f (3)  3 f (x )
Q.2674 If f(3) = 6 & f  (3) = 2, then Limit
x3 is given by :
x3
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C*) 0 (D) none of these
[Sol. f (3) = 6 ; f  (3)= 2
Limit x f (3)  3 f (x ) , put x = 3 + h
x3
x3
(3  h ) ·f (3)  3f (3  h )  3[ f (3  h )  f (3) ]
= Limit = Limit  f (3)
h 0 h h 0 h
= – 3f  (3) + f (3) = – 6 + 6 = 0 Ans ]

Q.2776 Which one of the following functions is continuous everywhere in its domain but has atleast one point
where it is not differentiable?
|x|
(A*) f (x) = x1/3 (B) f (x) = (C) f (x) = e–x (D) f (x) = tan x
x
[Hint: x1/3 is not differentiable at x = 0 ]

2 2  (cos x  sin x )3 
Q.2886 The limiting value of the function f(x) = when x  is
1  sin 2 x 4
1 3
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 2 (D*)
2 2

[Hint: put x = + h or use L'Hospital's rule ]
4
2 x  23  x  6
 if x  2
x 1 x
 2 2
Q.2989 Let f (x) =  then

 x2  4
 if x  2
x  3x  2
(A) f (2) = 8  f is continuous at x = 2 (B) f (2) = 16  f is continuous at x = 2
(C*) f (2–)  f (2+)  f is discontinuous (D) f has a removable discontinuity at x = 2
[ Hint: f (2+) = 8 ; f (2–) = 16 ]

  
 1  x1 
Q.3090 On the interval I = [ 2, 2], the function f(x) = (x  1) e (x  0 )
|x|

 0 (x  0 )
then which one of the following does not hold good?
(A*) is continuous for all values of x  I
(B) is continuous for x  I  (0)
(C) assumes all intermediate values from f( 2) & f(2)
(D) has a maximum value equal to 3/e .
( x  1)e 2 / x if x  0


[Sol. f (x) =  x  1 if x  0
0 if x  0
the graph of f (x) is
hence f can assume all values for f (– 2) to f (2) ]
Q.3193 Which of the following function is surjective but not injective
(A) f : R  R f (x) = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 1 (B) f : R  R f (x) = x3 + x + 1
(C) f : R  R+ f (x) = 1 x 2 (D*) f : R  R f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – x + 1
[Sol. (A) f (x) = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 1  A polynomial of degree even will always be into
say f (x) = a0x2n + a1 x2n–1 + a2 x2n – 2 + .... + a2n
 a a a    if a 0  0
Limit f (x) = Limit [x2n  a 0  1  22  ....  22nn  = 
x   x    x x x     if a 0  0
Hence it will never approach  / – 
(B) f (x) = x3 + x + 1  f (x) = 3x2 + 1 – injective as well as surjective
(C) f (x) = 1 x 2 – neither injective nor surjective
f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – x + 1  f (x) = 3x2 + 4x – 1  D > 0
Hence f (x) is surjective but not injective.]
x
if 1  x  2
 [x ]

Q.3294 Consider the function f (x) =  1 if x  2


6x if 2  x  3
where [x] denotes step up function then at x = 2 function
(A) has missing point removable discontinuity
(B*) has isolated point removable discontinuity
(C) has non removable discontinuity finite type
(D) is continuous
[Hint: from the figure the function has an obvious removable isolated point discontinuous.

Q.3395 Suppose that f is continuous on [a, b] and that f (x) is an integer for each x in [a, b]. Then in [a, b]
(A) f is injective
(B) Range of f may have many elements
(C) {x} is zero for all x  [a, b] where { } denotes fractional part function
(D*) f (x) is constant

[Hint: Explanation : Let f (x1) = n and f (x2) = m, x1, x2  (a, b) with n > m (say). According to the
1
intermediate value theorem, between x1 and x2 there must be some value x for which f (x) = m +
2
1
which is impossible since m + is not an integer.]
2

Q.34101 The graph of function f contains the point P (1, 2) and Q(s, r). The equation of the secant line through
 s 2  2s  3 
P and Q is y =  s  1  x – 1 – s. The value of f ' (1), is
 
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C*) 4 (D) non existent
[Sol. I By definition f '(1) is the limit of the slope of the secant line when s  1.
s 2  2s  3
Thus f '(1) = Lim
s1 s 1
(s  1)(s  3)
= Lim
s1 s 1

= Lim (s  3) = 4  (D)
s1
II By substituting x = s into the equation of the secant line, and cancelling by s – 1 again, we get
y = s2 + 2s – 1. This is f (s), and its derivative is f '(s) = 2s + 2, so f ' (1) = 4.]

2
e x ln x 5( x  2 ) ( x 2  7 x  10)
Q.35108 The range of the function f(x) = is
2 x 2  11x  12

3  3 
(A*) (  , ) (B) [0 , ) (C)  ,   (D)  , 4 
2  2 
2
e x lnx 5( x  2) . ( x  2) ( x  5)
[Sol. f (x) =
(2 x  3) ( x  4)
Note that at x = 3/2 & x = 4 function is not defined and in open interval (3/2,4) function is continuous.
( ve) ( ve) ( ve)
Lim   
x
3 (  ve) (  ve)
2

( ve) ( ve) ( ve)

Lim   
x 4 ( ve) ( ve)
In the open interval (3/2,4) the function is continuous & takes up all real values from (– , )
Hence range of the function is (– , ) or R]

Q.36113 Consider f(x) = 

 
 2 sin x  sin 3 x  sin x  sin 3 x 
 , x

for x  (0, )
  3

 2 sin x  sin x  sin x  sin x 
3

2

f(/2) = 3 where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function then,

(A*) f is continuous & differentiable at x = /2
(B) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = /2
(C) f is neither continuous nor differentiable at x = /2
(D) none of these
[Sol. In the immediate neighborhood of x = /2 , sinx > sin3x  |sinx – sin3x| = sinx – sin3x
 2(sin x  sin 3 x )  sin x  sin 3 x  3 sin x  3 sin 3 x
Hence for x  /2 , f (x) =  3 3  = 3
 2(sin x  sin x )  sin x  sin x  sin x  sin 3 x
Hence f is continuous and diff. at x = /2 ]

Q.37114 The number of points at which the function, f(x) = x – 0.5 + x – 1 + tan x does not have a
derivative in the interval (0, 2) is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4
Q.38117 Let [x] denote the integral part of x  R. g(x) = x  [x]. Let f(x) be any continuous function with
f(0) = f(1) then the function h(x) = f(g(x)) :
(A) has finitely many discontinuities (B) is discontinuous at some x = c
(C*) is continuous on R (D) is a constant function .
[Sol. g(x) = x – [x] = {x}
f is continuous with f(0) = f(1)
h(x) = f (g(x)) = f ({x})
Let the graph of f is as shown in the figure
satisfying
f(0) = f(1)
now h(0) = f ({0}) = f(0) = f(1)
h(0.2) = f ({0.2}) = f(0.2)
h(1.5) = f ({1.5}) = f(0.5) etc.
Hence the graph of h(x) will be periodic graph as shown
 h is continuous in R  C

Q.39118 Given the function f(x) = 2x x 3  1 + 5 x 1  x 4 + 7x2 x  1 + 3x + 2 then :

(A) the function is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1
(B*) the function is discontinuous at x = 1
(C) the function is both cont. & differentiable at x = 1
(D) the range of f(x) is R+.

Q.40119 If f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + | x | y + xy2,  x, y  R and f ' (0) = 0, then

(A) f need not be differentiable at every non zero x
(B*) f is differentiable for all x  R
(C) f is twice differentiable at x = 0
(D) none
f (x  h )  f (x ) f ( h )  | x | h  xh 2
[Hint: f '(x) = Lim  Lim
h 0 h h 0 h
 f ( h )  f ( 0) 
 f (0) = 0  f ' (x) = Lim   | x |  xh 
h 0  h 
f ' (x) = f ' (0) + | x | = | x | ]

sin{x  10}
Q.41131 For Lim (where { } denotes fractional part function)
x 8 {10  x}
(A) LHL exist but RHL does not exist (B*) RHL exist but LHL does not exist.
(C) neither LHL nor RHL does not exist (D) both RHL and LHL exist and equals to 1
 sin{x}
[Hint: Lim =0 as {I + x } = {x} ; as xLim {x}  0 and Lim { x}  1
x 8  { x} I x I 

sin{x}
Lim  as sin{x}  sin(1) and {–x}  0 ]
x 8 { x}

12 n  2 2 (n1)32 (n2)..... n 2.1

Q.42134 Lim is equal to :
n  13  23 33 ...... n 3
1 2 1 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 6

12 n  2 2 ( n  1)  32 ( n  2)  ............  n 2 ( n  ( n  1) )
[Sol. Lim
n
 n3
Nr. = n (12  2 2  .......  n 2 )  (12
. 2  2.32  3.4 2 ..........  ( n  1) n 2 )
n

= n  n2   ( r  1) . r
r 2
2

= n  n2   (r
r 1
3
 r2 ) = n n 2
 n 3
 n 2

( n  1)  n 2  n 3

= ( n  1)  n  2
n 3    Lim
n 
n 3

( n  1) n ( n  1) (2 n  1)
Lim  1
n 6 n ( n  1) n ( n  1)
4 1
1   A
3 3

12 n  2 2 (n  1)  ......  n 2 ·1 12 (n  1)  2 2 (n  1)  ......  n 2 (n  1)
Alternatively:l = 1 – 1 = –1
3 3 2
 1 2 3......
3
  n    n3

( n  1) n 2
l = –1 ]
 n3
Q.43135 The domain of definition of the function f (x) = log | x 2  x  6 | + 16–xC2x–1 + 20–3xP2x–5 is
 1
 x  x 

3   1 
(A*) {2} (B)  ,    {2, 3} (C) {2, 3} (D)   ,  
4   4 
Where [x] denotes greatest integer function.

x 2  bx  25
Q.44136 If f (x) = for x  5 and f is continuous at x = 5, then f (5) has the value equal to
x 2  7 x  10
(A*) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
 x 2  bx  25
[Hint: f (x) = . for existence of limit 25 – 5b + 25 = 0  b = 10
( x  2)( x  5)
( x  5)( x  5)
now f (x) = and Lim f (x) = 0  (A) ]
( x  2)( x  5) x5

Q.45139 Let f be a differentiable function on the open interval (a, b). Which of the following statements must be
true?
I. f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b]
II. f is bounded on the open interval (a, b)
III. If a<a1<b1<b, and f (a1)<0< f (b1), then there is a number c such that a1<c< b1 and f (c)=0
(A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) II and III only (D*) only III
[Sol. I and II are false. The function f (x) = 1/x, 0 < x <1, is a counter example.
Statement III is true. Apply the intermediate value theorem to f on the closed interval [a1, b1]


cot  1 x  a log a x 
Q.46145 The value of
a a
(a > 1) is equal to
Limit
x 
sec 1 x
log x
(A*) 1 (B) 0 (C) /2 (D) does not exist

 log x 
cot 1  aa 
Limit  x   ax 
 log a x 
[Hint: x   ax  ; as    0 and  log x    (using L’opital rule)
sec 1  

x   x a   a 
 log x
a 

/2
 l= =1 ]
/2

Q.47148 Let f : (1, 2 )  R satisfies the inequality

cos( 2 x  4)  33 x 2 | 4x  8 |
 f (x )  ,  x  (1,2) . Then Lim f ( x ) is equal to
2 x2 x 2
(A) 16
(B*) –16
(C) cannot be determined from the given information
(D) does not exists

Lim f ( x ) cos( 2 x  4)  33   16 ;
2
[Hint: Lim f ( x ) x . 4 | x  2 |   4(4)   16
x  2 2 x 2 x2

By sandwich theorem xLim

 2
f ( x ) = –16 ]
 sin x cos x n
Q.48163 Let a = min [x2 + 2x + 3, x  R] and b = Lim
x 0 e x  ex
. Then the value of  a r b n r is
r 0

2 n 1  1 2 n 1  1 2n  1 4 n 1  1
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
3 ·2 n 3 ·2 n 3 ·2 n 3 ·2 n
[Sol. a = (x + 1)2 + 2  a = 2
sin 2 x 1
b = Lim 2x =
x 0 2( e  1).2 x 2
2x
n n r n
r 1  1
now  a r b n r =  2  2  =
2n
 22r
r 0 4 0

1
= [1 + 22 + 24 + ... + 22n ]
2n
2 n 1
1  (2 )  1 1  4 n 1  1 4 n 1  1
=  2  = n  = ]
2n  2  1  2  3  3.2n

Q.49165 Period of f(x) = nx + n  [nx + n], (n  N where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function is :
(A) 1 (B*) 1/n (C) n (D) none of these

1  x   x  3
Q.50171 Let f be a real valued function defined by f(x) = sin1   + cos1   . Then domain of f(x)
 3   5 
is given by :
(A*) [ 4, 4] (B) [0, 4] (C) [ 3, 3] (D) [ 5, 5]

1
Q.51172 For the function f (x) = Lim , which of the following holds?
n  1  n sin 2 ( x )
(A) The range of f is a singleton set (B) f is continuous on R
(C*) f is discontinuous for all x  I (D) f is discontinuous for some x  R
1 if x  I

[Hint: f (x) =   f is discontinuous for all x  I ]
 0 if x  I

1
Q.52174 Domain of the function f(x) = is
ln cot 1 x
(A) (cot1 ,  ) (B) R – {cot1} (C) (– ,0)  (0,cot1) (D*) (– , cot1)
[Sol. –1
ln (cot x) > 0
cot–1x > 1
x < cot 1
 domain (– , cot1) Ans. ]
 2x  1 , x Q

Q.53175 The function f (x )   is
 x 2  2x  5 , x Q
(A) continuous no where
(B) differentiable no where
(C) continuous but not differentiable exactly at one point
(D*) differentiable and continuous only at one point and discontinuous elsewhere
[Hint : Diff. & cont. only at x = 2 which is the point of intersection of y = 2x + 1 and y = x2–2x +5 ]
[Sol. 2
y = (x – 1) + 4
= x2 – 2x + 5 = 2x + 1
= x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
= (x – 2)2 = 0  x=2
 line is tangent at x = 2 ]

1
Q.54180 For the function f (x) = 1
, x  2 which of the following holds?
( x 2)
x2
(A) f (2) = 1/2 and f is continuous at x =2 (B) f (2)  0, 1/2 and f is continuous at x = 2
(C*) f can not be continuous at x = 2 (D) f (2) = 0 and f is continuous at x = 2.

x  cos(sin 1 x )
Q.55184 Lim is
x 1 2 1  tan(sin 1 x )
1 1
(A) (B*) – (C) 2 (D) – 2
2 2
[Hint: put sin–1x = 
sin   cos   cos  = –
1
Lim = Lim ]
 4 1  tan   4 2

Q.56186 Which one of the following is not bounded on the intervals as indicated
1
1
(A) f(x) = 2 1
x on (0, 1) (B*) g(x) = x cos on (–)
x
(C) h(x) = xe–x on (0, ) (D) l (x) = arc tan2x on (–, )
1 1
[Sol. (A) Limit f (x) = Limit 2 h 1  1 ; Limit f (x) = Limit 2 h  0
x 0 h 0 2 x 1
h 0

 1
 f ( x )  0,   bounded
 2
x
(C) Limit x e–x = Limit h e –h = 0 ; Limit x e–x = Limit 0
h 0 h 0 x  x  ex
x e x  xe x x (1 – x)  1
 Also y   y = e  h(x)   0 ,  ]
ex e2x  e
 arc cot x
Q.57190 The domain of the function f(x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest integer not greater than
 
x2  x2

x, is :
(A) R (B) R  {0}


(C*) R   n : n  I   {0}  (D) R  {n : n  I}

Hint : x2 – [x2] = {x2} > 0; but 0  {y} < 1  {x2}  0  x  ± n ]

Q.58192 If f(x) = cos x, x =n  , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .....

= 3, otherwise and
x 2  1 when x  3, x  0

(x) =  3 when x  0 then Limit
x  0 f((x)) =
 5 when x  3

(A) 1 (B*) 3 (C) 5 (D) none

 x   x 
Q.59195 Let Lim sec–1   = l and Lim sec–1   = m, then
x 0  sin x  x 0  tan x 
(A*) l exists but m does not (B) m exists but l does not
(C) l and m both exist (D) neither l nor m exists

 1  1
Q.60200 Range of the function f (x) =  2  is , where [*] denotes the greatest integer
 ln ( x  e )  1 x2
1/ 
function and e = Limit (1  )
 0

 e 1
(A)  0,  {2} (B) (0, 1) (C) (0, 1]  {2} (D*) (0, 1)  {2}
 e 

2 x 0
 1  0 x0
[Sol.   – f (x )  

 ln ( x  e )   1 x  0
2 1
 x0
1 x2
Hence range of f (x) is (0, 1)  {2}]

Q.61201 Lim sin 1[tan x ] = l then { l } is equal to

x 0 
  
(A) 0 (B) 1  (C)  1 (D*) 2 
2 2 2
where [ ] and { } denotes greatest integer and fractional part function.
      
[Hint: Lim sin 1[tan x ]   ; hence   = 2   2  = 2 – Ans.]
x 0  2  2  2  2
Q.62206 Number of points where the function f (x) = (x2 – 1) | x2 – x – 2 | + sin( | x | ) is not differentiable, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 3
[Hint: not derivable at x = 0 and 2 ]

Q.63219 Limit

cot 1 x  1  x 
is equal to
x   x
1  2 x  1  
sec   
 x  1  
(A*) 1 (B) 0 (C) /2 (D) non existent
[Hint: Limit x  1  x = 0  cot–1(0) = /2
x 
x
 2x  1 
Limit     sec–1 () = /2  l = 1 Ans ]
x   x  1 

2
x if x  x 0
Q.64223 If f (x) =  derivable  x R then the values of a and b are respectively
 ax  b if x  x 0
(A*) 2x0 , – x 02 (B) – x0 , 2 x 02 (C) – 2x0 , – x 02 (D) 2 x 02 , – x0

 1  cos 2  x
 , x1
 1  sin  x 2
1
Q.65231 Let f (x) =  p , x  1 . If f (x) is discontinuous at x = , then
 2 2
 2x  1 1
, x
 4  2x  1  2 2


1
(A*) p  R  {4} (B) p  R    (C) p  R0 (D) p  R
4

 1  1
[Hint : f   = 4 = f   ]
2  2 

Q.66235 Let f(x) be a differentiable function which satisfies the equation

f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) for all x > 0, y > 0 then
f (x) is equal to
f '(1) 1
(A*) (B) (C) f (1) (D) f (1).(lnx)
x x

  h 
f  x.  1     f (x)
f (x  h)  f (x)   x
[Sol. f (x) = Limit = Limit
h 0 h h 0 h

 h  h
f x  f  1    f (x) f 1  
 x  x
= Limit = Limit
h 0 h h 0 x h
x

1 f 1  t   f (1) f ' (1)

= Limit (note that f(1) = 0) = Ans. ]
x t 0 t x
Q.67240 Given f(x) = b ([x]2 + [x]) + 1 for x  1
= Sin ((x+a) ) for x < 1
where [x] denotes the integral part of x, then for what values of a, b the function is continuous at
x = 1?
(A*) a = 2n + (3/2) ; b  R ; n  I (B) a = 4n + 2 ; b  R ; n  I
(C) a = 4n + (3/2) ; b  R+ ; n  I (D) a = 4n + 1 ; b  R+ ; n  I
[Hint: f (–1) = b (1 – 1) + 1 = 1
Lim ( 1  h ) = 1
h 0

Lim (1  h )  Lim (1  h )  a 

h 0 h 0
for continuous
 3  3 3
sin a = – 1 = sin  2n    a = 2n   a = 2n 
 2  2 2
3
hence a = 2n  , n  I and b  R]
2
ln ( x 2  e x )
Q.68247 Let f(x) = . If Limit f(x) = l and Limit f(x) = m then :
ln ( x 4  e 2 x ) x x  

(A*) l = m (B) l = 2m (C) 2 l = m (D) l + m = 0

1/ x
 x2   x2   x2 
ln e 1  x 
x
1   1  ln 1  
[Sol. Lim 
n x 2  e x  = Lim  e 
= Lim
x  ln  ex 
  =
 ex 
 

x  n x 4
 e 2x  x  2x  x 4 
ln e 1  2 x 
x 
2 x  ln
 4 
1  x 

1  x
4 

1/ x

 e2x  2  ln  e2x 
 e     

as x2 as x2
note that x 
0 and x 
0
ex e2x
1  x 2  x
11 1 1 x
x  e x  e
= Lim = Lim
x  1  x 4  x   x3
2  1  2 x  1 2  2x
x e  e

1
|||ly Limit  ]
x   2

Q.69248 Lim cos   n 2  n  when n is an integer :

n   
(A) is equal to 1 (B) is equal to  1 (C*) is equal to zero (D) does not exist
1/ 2
 1  1 11  1 1 
[Hint :  n  1   = n  1     1  ......
 n  
2n 2 2  2! n 2


 1 11  1 1 
=  n     1  ......
 
2 2 2  2! n 

  1  1 1  
as n  ; .  2 n  1    1  ....... = (2n + 1)
2  2  2! n  2
    1  1 1 
Alternatively (1): Take A = (2n +1) and B =  2  1 2! n  ....
2 2   
now cos (A + B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB
1 1 1 
= 0 – (1) Limit sin  2  2  1 2! n  ... 
n  
= 0 ]
 2    2 
Alternatively (2) Best l = Limit  cos n   n  n   Limit  cos   n  n  n  
n    n    

   
  (  n )      
 = Limit cos  n  = Limit cos    = cos   0 ]
Limit cos 
n   2   1  n   1 2
n n n  n 
 n  n 1  1 1 
 n   n

(sin x  tan x ) 2  (1  cos 2x ) 4  x 5

Q.70250 Limit is equal to
x 0 7.(tan 1 x ) 7  (sin 1 x ) 6  3 sin 5 x
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C*) (D) 1
7 3
5
[ Hint: Divide Nr. and Dr. by x and evaluate limit]


Q.71264 Range of the function , f (x) = cot 1 log 4 / 5 (5 x 2  8 x  4)  is :

     
(A) (0 , ) (B*)  ,  (C)  0 ,  (D)  0 , 
4   4   2

[ x ]2 [ x2 ]
Q.72266 Let Limit
x0
Limit
2 =l & x0 = m , where [ ] denotes greatest integer , then:
x x2
(A) l exists but m does not (B*) m exists but l does not
(C) l & m both exist (D) neither l nor m exists .
[ x ]2 0 if 0  x  1
[Hint : = 1  l does not exist .
x2  x2 if  1  x  0

[x2 ] = 
 0 if 0x1
 m exists and is equal to zero. ]
x 2
 0 if  1  x  0

Q.73268 The value of Limit

 tan  {x }  1   sin {x }
where { x } denotes the fractional part function:
x0
{x }  {x }  1 
(A) is 1 (B) is tan 1 (C) is sin 1 (D*) is non existent

[Sol. Limit  tan  {x }  1   sin {x }

=
Limit
f (x) = Limit
tan(h  1) . sinh
=
tan(1)
 tan 1
x0
{x }  {x }  1  x  0  h (h  1) 1
h 0

tan((1  h ) 1) sin(1  h ) sin 1

Limit 
x  0 (1  h ) (1  h  1) 1 = sin 1
Hence limit x  0 f (x) does not exist ]
 n  e x  2 x 
2
 
Q.74270 If f (x) = is continuous at x = 0 , then f (0) must be equal to :
tan x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e2 (D*) 2

n  ex  2 x 
2
1
   x2  2 x 
[Hint : f (0) = Limit = Limit
x
x0 x  0 l n e 
x

 e x2  1 
1  e x2  2 x  1  
= Limit
x0 
Limit
 = x0   2

=2 ]
x  x 

2  2 x  sin 2 x
Q.75272 Lim is :
x  (2 x  sin 2 x )e sin x
(A) equal to zero (B) equal to 1 (C) equal to  1 (D*) non existent
2 sin 2 x
2
x x
[Sol. Limit  sin 2 x  sin x
x
2  e
 x 
as x 
2 1 1
l = Limit sin x = oscillatory between to 1  non existent ]
x 2.e e e

 cos ax cos ec bx is

2
lim
Q.76275 The value of x 0

 8b2   8a 2   a2   b2 
       
   2   2  2
 a2   b   2b   2a 
(A) e (B) e (C*) e (D) e

2
Limit cos ec bx (cos ax 1)
x 0
[Sol. l= e
1  cos ax sin 2 ax 1 a2
now – Limit 2 = – Limit 2 . = –
x 0 sin bx x  0 sin bx 1  cos ax 2b 2
a2
l=  ]
e 2b2

Select the correct alternative : (More than one are correct)

Q.77503 Lim f(x) does not exist when :
x c
(A) f(x) = [[x]]  [2x  1], c = 3 (B*) f(x) = [x]  x, c = 1
tan (sgn x )
(C*) f(x) = {x}2  {x}2, c = 0 (D) f(x) = ,c =0.
sgn x
where [x] denotes step up function & {x} fractional part function.
  tan2 {x }
 x2  [ x ]2 for x  0
Q.78505 Let f (x) =  1 for x  0 where [ x ] is the step up function and { x } is the fractional
 {x } cot {x } for x  0


part function of x , then :

(A*) xLimit
 0
f (x) = 1 (B) xLimit
 0
f (x) = 1
2
 
(C*) cot -1  Limit f (x) =1 (D) f is continuous at x = 1 .
 x  0 

 x . n (cos x) x0
Q.79506 If f(x) =  n 1  x2  then :
 0 x0
(A*) f is continuous at x = 0 (B) f is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x=0
(C*) f is differentiable at x = 0 (D) f is not continuous at x = 0.

Q.80508 Which of the following function (s) is/are Transcidental?

2 sin 3x
(A*) f (x) = 5 sin x (B*) f (x) = 2
x  2x  1
(C) f (x) = x 2  2 x  1 (D*) f (x) = (x2 + 3).2x
[Hint : functions which are not algebraic are known as transcidental function]

Q.81513 Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic ?

(A*) f(x) = x  [x] (B) g(x) = sin (1/x) , x  0 & g(0) = 0
(C) h(x) = x cos x (D*) w(x) = sin1 (sin x)

Q.82515 Which of following pairs of functions are identical :

1
(A) f(x) = e n sec x & g(x) = sec1 x
(B*) f(x) = tan (tan1 x) & g(x) = cot (cot1 x)
(C*) f(x) = sgn (x) & g(x) = sgn (sgn (x))
(D*) f(x) = cot2 x.cos2 x & g(x)= cot2 x  cos2 x

Q.83516 Which of the following functions are homogeneous ?

(A) x sin y + y sin x (B*) x ey/x + y ex/y (C*) x2  xy (D) arc sin xy

Q.84521 If  is small & positive number then which of the following is/are correct ?
sin  tan sin 
(A) =1 (B)  < sin  < tan  (C*) sin  <  < tan  (D*) >
  
x . 2x  x  n 2 
Q.85522 Let f(x) = & g(x) = 2x sin  x  then :
1  cos x  2 

(A) Limit
x  0 f(x) = ln 2 (B) Limit
x   g(x) = ln 4

(C*) Limit
x  0 f(x) = ln 4 (D*) Limit
x   g(x) = ln 2
 x 1
Q.86524 Let f(x) = 2
. Then :
2 x  7x  5
1 1
(A*) Limit
x1
f(x) =  (B*) Limit f(x) =  (C*) Limit
x   f(x) = 0 (D*) Limit does not exist
3 x  0 5 x  5/ 2

Q.87527 Which of the following limits vanish?

1 1
(A*) Limit
x   x sin
4 (B*) Limit
x   /2 (1  sin x) . tan x
x
2 x2  3 [x]2  9
(C) Limit . sgn (x) (D*) Limit
x3 
x x2  x  5 2
x 9
where [ ] denotes greatest integer function

Q.88528 If x is a real number in [0, 1] then the value of Limit Limit

m   n   [1 + cos
2m (n !  x)] is given by

(A) 1 or 2 according as x is rational or irrational

(B*) 2 or 1 according as x is rational or irrational
(C) 1 for all x
(D*) 2 for all x .
[Sol. Limit Limit 1 + cos2m(n ! n)
m n 
Let x[0,1] is a rational
then n!. x if n  becomes integral
 cos2 (n ! x)  = 1
 Limit ( cos2 n ! x  )m = 1
m 
 l = 1 + 1 = 2 if x is rational
if x is irrational , then n ! x is not an integer
 cos2( n! x)  is less than 1
cos2 ( ( n! x)  )m  0
 l = 1 + 0 = 1  the result ]

Q.89529 If f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying the condition f(x) . f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) and f(2) = 9 then :
(A) 2 f(4) = 3 f(6) (B*) 14 f(1) = f(3) (C*) 9 f(3) = 2 f(5) (D) f(10) = f(11)
[Hint : f (x) = 1 + x or 1  x  n = 3  f(x) = x3 + 1 ]
n n

Q.90531 Which of the following function(s) not defined at x = 0 has/have removable discontinuity at x = 0 ?
 1
(B*) f(x) = cos  | sin x |  (C*) f(x) = x sin
1
(A) f(x) = (D*) f(x) =
1  2cot x  x  x n x

 x3 , x 1
Q.91535 The function f(x) = 
   

x2
4
3x
2
13
4
, x 1
is :

(A*) continuous at x = 1 (B*) diff. at x = 1

(C*) continuous at x = 3 (D) differentiable at x = 3
  x 3 if x  3

[Sol. f (x) =  3  x if 1  x  3

 x 2 3x 13
   if x  1
4 2 4

f (1  h )  f (1) 3  (1  h )  2
f (1+) = Limit = Limit  1
h 0 h h 0 h

(1  h ) 2 3 13
 (1  h )   2 (1  h ) 2  6(1  h )  5
f (1 ) = Limit
– 4 2 4 = Limit
h 0 h h 0  4h

h 2  2h  6h
= Limit = –1
h 0  4h
 f is continuous at x =1 ]

  
Q.92539 If f(x) = cos   cos  x  1 ; where [x] is the greatest integerr function of x, then f(x) is
x 2
continuous at :
(A) x = 0 (B*) x = 1 (C*) x = 2 (D) none of these
[ Hint : Not defined at x = 0 ; f(x) = cos 3 ; f(2) = 0 and both the limits exist
 B and C ]

Q.93540 Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical .

1  x2 1
(A*) y = tan (cos 1 x) ; y = (B*) y = tan (cot 1 x) ; y =
x x

x
(C*) y = sin (arc tan x) ; y = (D*) y = cos (arc tan x) ; y = sin (arc cot x)
1  x2
1
[ Ans. : (A) T domain [ 1, 0)  (0, 1] (B) T (C) T (D) T , ]
1  x2
(A) y = tan(cos–1x)
note that 0 < sin–1x < p
but tan(/2) is not defined

hence cos–1x  x  0
2
hence domain is [–1,1] – {0}
and range is R.
The graph is as shown.
(B) y = tan(cot–1x)
note that 0 < cot–1x < 
 tan(/2) is not defined

hence cos–1x  x  0
2
hence domain = R – {0}
since cot–1x  0 ,   y  0
hence range is R – {0}
The graph is as shown.
(C) y = sin(tan–1x)
 
– < tan–1x <  y  (–1, 1)
2 2
since tan–1x is defined for all x  R
and sin is also defined for all x  R
 domain is R
x
y =
1 x2
The graph is as shown.
(D) y = cos(tan–1x)
  
tan–1    ,   y  (0, 1]
 2 2
Domain is R
1
y=
1 x2
Note that sin–1(cot–1x) also has the same graph
The graph is as shown.]

Q.94544 The function, f (x) = [x] [x] where [ x ] denotes greatest integer function
(A*) is continuous for all positive integers
(B*) is discontinuous for all non positive integers
(C*) has finite number of elements in its range
(D*) is such that its graph does not lie above the x  axis .
0 x 1
 1 1  x  0
[Sol. [ | x | ] – | [x] | = 0 0  x 1
0 1 x  2
 range is {0, –1}
The graph is ]

Q.95545 Let f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x , y  R. Then :

(A) f (x) must be continuous  x  R (B*) f (x) may be continuous  x  R
(C) f (x) must be discontinuous  x  R (D*) f (x) may be discontinuous  x  R
[Hint : Limit f (x + h) = Limit f (x) + f (h) = f (x) + Limit f (h)
h0 h0 h0
Hence if h  0 f (h) = 0  ' f ' is continuous otherwise discontinuous ]

Q.96548 The function f(x) = 1  1  x 2

(A*) has its domain –1 < x < 1.
(B*) has finite one sided derivates at the point x = 0.
(C) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0.
(D*) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
1 1
[Hint : f (0+) = ; f (0–) = – ]
2 2
Q.97553 Let f(x) be defined in [–2, 2] by
f(x) = max (4 – x2, 1 + x2), –2 < x < 0
= min (4 – x2, 1 + x2), 0 < x < 2
The f(x)
(A) is continuous at all points
(B*) has a point of discontinuity
(C) is not differentiable only at one point.
(D*) is not differentiable at more than one point
[Hint : f(x) max. (4–x2, 1+x2), –2 < x < 0
min. (4 - x2, 1+x2), 0 < x < 2]

Q.98555 The function f(x) = sgnx.sinx is

(A*) discontinuous no where. (B*) an even function
(C*) aperiodic (D) differentiable for all x


sin x x  0
[Hint : f (x) =  ]
  sin x x  0
1
ln x
Q.99556 The function f(x) = x
(A*) is a constant function (B) has a domain (0, 1) U (e, )
(C*) is such that limit f(x) exist (D) is aperiodic
x1
log x e
[Hint : y = x = e (constant)  A and C
as limit f(x) = e]
x1

Q.100557 Which pair(s) of function(s) is/are equal?

1  x2 2x
(A*) f(x) = cos(2tan–1x) ; g(x) = (B*) f(x) = ; g(x) = sin(2cot–1x)
1  x2 1  x2
1
n (sgn cot 1 x ) n1  x  
(C*) f(x) = e ; g(x) = e (D) f(x) = X a , a > 0; g(x) = a x , a > 0
where {x} and [x] denotes the fractional part & integral part functions.
Fill in the blanks:
 sin x if x  c
Q.101801 A function f is defined as follows, f(x) =  where c is a known quantity. If f is
ax  b if x  c
derivable at x = c, then the values of 'a' & 'b' are _____ &______ respectively .
[ Ans. : cos c & sin c  c cos c ]

Q.102802 A weight hangs by a spring & is caused to vibrate by a sinusoidal force . Its displacement s(t) at time
A
t is given by an equation of the form, s(t) = 2 2
(sin kt  sin ct) where A, c & k are positive
c k
constants with c  k, then the limiting value of the displacement as c  k is ______.
 At cos kt
[ Ans. : ]
2k

(cos  ) x  (sin  ) x  cos 2 

Q.103805 Limit
x 4 where 0 <  < is ______ .
x4 2
[ Ans. : cos4  ln cos  sin4  ln sin  ]
[Hint : put cos 2  = cos4   sin4  ]

3 / x2
Q.104809 Limit
x0  cos 2x  has the value equal to ______ . [ Ans. : e6 ]

Q.105812 If f(x) = sin x, x  n, n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3,....

= 2, otherwise
and g(x) = x² + 1, x  0, 2
= 4, x=0
= 5, x=2
then Limit g [f(x)] is ______ [ Ans. : 1 ] [ IIT’86,2 ]
x 0