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Basic of Geometry
Types of Angles Property Diagram
Acute 0° < 𝜃 < 90°
𝜃 = 90°
Right
(∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
Obtuse 90° < 𝜃 < 180°
𝜃 = 180°
Straight
(∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
Reflex 180° < 𝜃 < 360°
𝜃1 + 𝜃2 = 90°
Complementary Two angles whose sum is 90°, are
complementary to each other
𝜃1 + 𝜃2 = 180°
Supplementary Two angles whose sum is 180°, are
supplementary to each other.
Vertically opposite ∠𝐷𝑂𝐴 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐷𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 are adjacent angles

Adjacent angles Adjacent angles must have a common
side. (e.g., 𝑂𝐵)
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 are linear pair angles.

Linear pair One side must be common (e.g., 𝑂𝐵) and
these two angles must be supplementary
Angles on the one

𝜃1 + 𝜃2 + 𝜃3 = 180°
side of a line
Angles round the

𝜃1 + 𝜃2 + 𝜃3 + 𝜃4 = 360°
point
𝑂𝐶 is the angles bisector of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵.

1
i.e., ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = (∠𝐴𝑂𝐵) (Angle bisector is equidistant from the two
2
Angles bisector sides of the angle)
When a line segment divides an angle
equally into two parts, then it is said to
be the angle bisector (𝑂𝐶)
i.e., 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
When two lines are intersected by a

transversal, then they form four pairs of
corresponding angles
Corresponding
angles (a) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐸, ∠𝐶𝐻𝐺 ⇒ (∠2, ∠6)
(b) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐻, ∠𝐶𝐻𝐹 ⇒ (∠3, ∠7)
(c) ∠𝐸𝐺𝐵, ∠𝐺𝐻𝐷 ⇒ (∠1, ∠5)
(d) ∠𝐵𝐺𝐻, ∠𝐷𝐻𝐹 ⇒ (∠4, ∠8)
These are following four angles
(i) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐸 ⇒ ∠2
Exterior angles
(ii) ∠𝐶𝐻𝐹 ⇒ ∠7
(iii) ∠𝐸𝐺𝐵 ⇒ ∠1
(iv) ∠𝐷𝐻𝐹 ⇒ ∠8
These are following four angles
(i) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐻 ⇒ ∠3
Interior angles
(ii) ∠𝐺𝐻𝐶 ⇒ ∠6
(iii) ∠𝐵𝐺𝐻 ⇒ ∠4
(iv) ∠𝐷𝐻𝐺 ⇒ ∠5
These are two pairs of angles as

following:
Alternate angles
(i) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐻, ∠𝐺𝐻𝐷 (∠3, ∠5)
(ii) ∠𝐺𝐻𝐶, ∠𝐵𝐺𝐻 (∠6, ∠4)
Triangles
Triangle : A three sided closed plane figure, which is formed by joining the three non-collinear points, is called as a
triangle. It is denoted by the symbol ∆.
In the above ∆ (𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 are three vertices, line segments 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 are the three sides of the
triangle. ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶 are the three interior angles of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
In the adjoining figure ∠𝐹𝐶𝐵, ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷, ∠𝐼𝐴𝐵, ∠𝐻𝐴𝐶, ∠𝐺𝐶𝐴 are the exterior angles of the ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
• Sum of the three interior angles of a triangle is always 180°.

• Exterior angle = Sum of two interior opposite angles e.g., ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴
Perimeter of triangle is equal to sum of all the three sides i.e., 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
Semi perimeter of a triangle is half of the perimeter i.e., 𝑠 = 2
, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are the length of three sides of a triangle.
(A) According to interior angles

Types of Triangles Property/Definition Diagram
Acute angle Each of the angle of a triangle is less than 90°

triangle 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑎 < 90°, 𝑏 < 90°, 𝑐 < 90°
One of the angle is equal to 90°, then it is called as

Right angled right angled triangle.
triangle
Rest two angles are complementary to each other.
Obtuse angle One of the angle is obtuse (i.e., greater than 90°),
triangle then it is called as obtuse angle triangle
A triangle in which none of the three sides is equal is

Scalene triangle called a scalene triangle (all the three angles are also
different).
𝑎≠𝑏≠𝑐
A triangles in which at least two sides are equal is

called as isosceles triangle.
Isosceles triangle
In this triangle, the angles opposite to the congruent
sides are also equal.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
A triangle in which all the three sides are equal is

Equilateral
called as, an equilateral triangle. In this triangle each
triangle
angle is congruent and equal to 60°.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 60°
Fundamental Properties of Triangles

1. Sum of any two sides is always greater than the third side.
2. The difference of any two sides is always less than the third side.
3. Greater angle has a greater side opposite to it and smaller angle has a smaller side opposite to it i.e., if two
sides of a triangle are not congruent then the angle opposite to the greater side is greater.
4. Let a, b and c be the three sides of a ∆ABC and c is the largest side. Then
(i) If 𝑐 2 < 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 , the triangle is acute angle triangle

(ii) If 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2, the triangle is right angled triangle
(iii) If 𝑐 2 > 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 , the triangle is obtuse angle triangle
𝑎 𝑏
5. Sine rule: In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 be the three sides opposite to the angles 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 respectively, then sin 𝐴
= sin 𝐵 =
𝑐
sin 𝐶
6. Cosine rule: In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 be the sides opposite to angle 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 respectively, then
𝑏 2 +𝑐 2 −𝑎2
cos 𝐴 = 2𝑏𝑐
𝑐 2 +𝑎2 −𝑏2
cos 𝐵 =
2𝑐𝑎
𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
cos 𝐶 = 2𝑎𝑏
7. The sum of all the three interior angles is always 180°

i.e., ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 180°
8. The sum of three (ordered) exterior angles of a triangle is 360°
In fig. (i) : (∠𝐹𝐴𝐶 + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐵 + ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴) = 360°

In fig. (ii): (∠𝐹𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐴) = 360°
9. The sum of an interior angle and its adjacent exterior angle is 180°
10. A triangle must has at least two acute angles
11. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of each of the opposite interior
angles.
Some Important Definitions
Nomenclature Property/Definition Diagram
The perpendicular drawn from the opposite vertex

Altitude (or of a side in a triangle is called an altitude of the
height) triangle.
➢ There are three altitudes in a triangle.

𝐴𝐸, 𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹 are the altitudes
The line segment joining the midpoint of a side to

the vertex opposite to the side is called a median.
Median ➢ There are three medians in a triangle

➢ A median bisects the area of the triangle i.e.,
1
𝐴(𝐴𝐵𝐸) = 𝐴(𝐴𝐸𝐶) = 𝐴(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝑒𝑡𝑐. (𝐴𝐸, 𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 )
2
𝐵𝐸 = 𝐶𝐸, 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷, 𝐴𝐹 = 𝐶𝐹
A line segment which originates from a vertex and

bisects the same angle is called an angle bisector.
Angle bisector
1
(∠𝐵𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶) 𝑒𝑡𝑐.
2
𝐴𝐸, 𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠.
A line segment which bisects a side perpendicularly

(i.e, at right angle) is called a perpendicular bisector
Perpendicular of a side of triangle.
bisector
➢ All points on the perpendicular bisector of a
line are equidistant from the ends of the line.
𝐷𝑂, 𝐸𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑂 are the perpendicular
bisectors.
The point of intersection of the three altitudes of the

triangle is called as the orthocenter.
Orthocenter ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180 − ∠𝐴
∠𝐶𝑂𝐴 = 180 − ∠𝐵
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 180 − ∠𝐶 ′𝑂′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
Types of Triangles Property/ Definition Diagram
The point of intersection of the three medians of a

triangle is called the centroid. A centroid divides
Centroid each median in the ratio 2 : 1 (vertex : base)
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂 𝐵𝑂 2
= = =
𝑂𝐸 𝑂𝐷 𝑂𝐹 1
The point of intersection of the angle bisectors of a

triangle is called the incentre.
Incentre Incentre 𝑂 is the always equidistant from all three

sides i.e., the perpendicular distance between the
sides and incentre is always same for all the three
sides.
The point of intersection of the perpendicular

bisectors of the sides of a triangle is called the
Circumcentre.
Circumcentre
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶 = (𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)
Circumcentre 𝑂 is always equidistant from all the

three vertices 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶.
Important Theorems on Triangles

Theorem Statement/Explanation Diagram
The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is

equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides,
i.e.,
(𝐴𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐵𝐶)2
➢ The converse of this theorem is also true.

Pythagoras theorem
➢ The numbers which satisfy this relation, are
called Pythagorean triplets.
e.g., (3,4,5), (5, 12,13), (7,24,25), (8,15, 17), (9,40,41),

(11,60,61), (12,35,37)(16,63,65), (20,21,29), (28,45,53),
(33,56,65)
If the angles of a triangle are 45°, 45° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90°, then the
hypotenuse (i.e., longest side) is √2 times of any
45° − 45° − 90° smaller side.
Triangle theorem ➢ Excluding hypotenuse rest two sides are

equal. i.e.,
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 = √2𝐴𝐵 = √2𝐵𝐶
If the angles of triangle are 30°, 60° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90°, then the
√3
sides opposite to 60° 𝑖𝑠 times the hypotenuse. e.g.,
2
30° − 60° − 90°
triangle theorem 𝐴𝐶 √3
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
2 2
∴ 𝐴𝐵: 𝐵𝐶: 𝐴𝐶 = 1: √3 ∶ 2
Any line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the

other two sides proportionally. So if 𝐷𝐸 is drawn
parallel to BC, it would divide sides 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶
Basic proportionality
proportionally i.e.,
theorem (BPT) or
Thales theorem 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
= 𝑜𝑟 =
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
If the mid-points of two adjacent sides of a triangle are

joined by a line segment, then this segment is parallel
Mid- point theorem
to the third side. i.e., if 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐸 =
𝐶𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝐸\\𝐵𝐶
In a triangle, the sum of the squares of any two sides

of a triangle is equal to twice the sum of the square of
Apollonius theorem the median to the third side and square of half the
third side. i.e.,
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2(𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐷 2 )
In a triangle the angle bisector of an angle divides the

opposite side to the angle in the ratio of the remaining
Interior angle two sides. i.e.,
bisector theorem
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐶𝐷 × 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 2
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐶
In a triangle the angle bisector of any exterior angle of

Exterior angle a triangle divides the side opposite to the external
𝐵𝐸
bisector theorem angle in the ration of the remaining two sides i.e., 𝐴𝐸 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐶
Some Useful Results

1. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if the bisectors of ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶 meet at 𝑂 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
1
∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 90° + ∠𝐴
2
2. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if sides 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 are produced to D and E respectively and the bisectors of
∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐸𝐶𝐵 intersect at 𝑂, then
1
3. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if 𝐴𝐷 is the angle bisector of ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝐸 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶, the ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = (∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵)
2
4. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑖𝑓 𝐵𝐶 is produced to D and AE is the angle bisector of ∠𝐴, then
5. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if side BC is produced to D and bisectors of ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 meet at E, then
1
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶
2
6. In an acute angle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 is a perpendicular dropped on the opposite side of ∠𝐴,then
7. In an obtuse angle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 is perpendicular dropped on 𝐵𝐶. 𝐵𝐶 is produced to D to meet 𝐴𝐷, then
8. In a right angle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠𝐵 = 90° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 is hypotenuse. The perpendicular BD is dropped on hypotenuse AC
from right angle certex B, then
𝐴𝐵×𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵2
(i) 𝐵𝐷 = (ii) 𝐴𝐷 =
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 2 1 1 1
(iii) 𝐶𝐷 = (iv) = +
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷 2 𝐴𝐵2 𝐵𝐶 2
1
➢ In a right angled triangle, the median to the hypotenuse = × ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
2
𝐴𝐶
i.e., 𝐵𝑁 = 2
(as per the fig.)
9. Area of a triangle (General formula)
10. Area of scalene triangle = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
𝑎𝑏𝑐
Also, 𝐴(∆) = 𝑟 × 𝑠 = 4𝑅
Where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle.
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑠 → 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 =
2
𝑟 → 𝑖𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝑅 → 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
11. Area of right angle triangle

1
= 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
1
= 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐵
(as per the figure)
12. Area of an isosceles triangle

𝑏
= √4𝑎2 − 𝑏2
4
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷
(𝐴𝐷 → 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛, 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)
13. Area of an equilateral triangle

√3 2
= 4
𝑎
1 1 √3 √3
[𝐴(∆) = 2 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷 = 2 × 𝑎 × 2 𝑎 = 4 𝑎2 ]
(𝑎 → 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 )
𝐴𝐷 → 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒, 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛, 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜.
1 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Inradius: 3 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2√3 , 𝑂𝐷 → 𝐼𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
2 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Circumradius = 3 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
√3
𝑂𝐴 → 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
Note: In equilateral triangle orthocenter centroid, incentre are Circumcentre coincide at the same point.
• Circumradius = 2 × 𝑖𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
• For the given perimeter of a triangle, the area of equilateral triangle is maximum.
• For the given area of a triangle, the perimeter of equilateral triangle is minimum.
14. In a right angled triangle

𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶−𝐴𝐶
(i) Inradius (𝑟) = 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
(ii) Inradius (𝑟) =
𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝐶 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠
(iii) Circumradius (𝑅) = 2
=( 2
)
15. The ratio of areas of two triangles of equal heights is equal to the ratio of their corresponding bases. i.e.,
16. The ratio of areas of triangles of equal bases is equal to the ratio of their heights.
17. The ratio of the areas of two triangles is equal to the ratio of the products of base and its corresponding height
i.e.,
𝐴(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐶×𝐵𝐷
𝐴(∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
= 𝑃𝑅×𝑄𝑆
18. If the two triangles have the same base and lie between the same parallel lines (as shown in figure), then the
area of two triangles will be equal.
i.e., 𝐴(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝐴(∆𝐴𝐷𝐵)
19. In a triangle AE, CD and BF are the medians then
Congruency of triangles: Two triangles are said to be congruent if they are equal in all respects. i.e.,
1. Each of the three sides of one triangle must be equal to the three respective sides of the other.
2. Each of the three angles of the one triangle must be equal to the three respective angles of the other.
Tests of congruency: With the help of the following given tests, we can deduce without having detailed information
about triangles that whether the given two triangles are congruent or not.
Test Property Diagram
(Side – Side – Side)
If the three sides of one triangle are equal to the

corresponding three sides of the other triangle, then the
𝑆−𝑆−𝑆 two triangles are congruent.
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄, 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
(𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 − 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
𝑆−𝐴−𝑆 If two sides and the angle included between them are
congruent to the corresponding sides and the angle
included between them, of the other triangle then the two
triangles are congruent.
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
(Angle – Side – Angle)
If two angles and the included side of a triangle are

congruent to the corresponding angles and the included
𝐴−𝑆−𝐴 side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
(Angle-Angle-Side)
If two angles and a side other than the included side of a

one triangle are congruent to the corresponding angles
𝐴−𝐴−𝑆 and a corresponding side other than the included side of
the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
And, 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅 (𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄)
(Right angle-Hypotenuse-Side)
If the hypotenuse and one side of the right angled

triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a
𝑅−𝐻−𝑆 corresponding side of the other right angled triangle,
then the two given triangles are congruent.
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅, ∠𝐵 = ∠𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
∴ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
Similarity of triangles: Two triangles are said to be similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and their
corresponding sides are in proportion. The symbol for similarity is′~′.
If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑄𝑅𝑃, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑃𝑅
Tests for Similarity: Through the tests for similarity we can deduce the similarity of triangles with minimum
required information.
Test Property/Definition Diagram
Angle-Angle
If the two angles of one triangle are congruent to the

corresponding two angles of the other triangle, then
the two triangles are said to be similar
𝐴−𝐴
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
Side-Angle-Side
If the two sides of one triangle are proportional to the

corresponding two sides of the other triangle and the
angle included by them are congruent, then the two
𝑆−𝐴−𝑆
triangles are similar.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
i.e., 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
Side-Side-Side
If the three sides of one triangle are proportional to

the corresponding three sides of the other triangle,
𝑆−𝑆−𝑆 then the two triangles are similar, i.e.,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
= =
𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
Properties of Similar Triangles

If the two triangles are similar, then for the proportional/corresponding sides we have the following results.
1. Ratio of sides = Ratio of heights (altitudes)

= Ratio of medians
= Ratio of angle bisectors
= Ratio of inradii
= Ratio of circumradii
2. Ratio of areas = Ratio of squares of corresponding sides. i.e., if ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, then

𝐴(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) (𝐴𝐵)2 (𝐵𝐶)2 (𝐴𝐶)2
𝐴(∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
= (𝑃𝑄)2 = (𝑄𝑅)2 = (𝑃𝑅)2
Note: Rule 1 can also apply with rule 2.
Quadrilaterals
A four sided closed figure is called a quadrilateral.
Properties
1. Sum of four interior angles is 360°.
2. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
3. The sum of opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribed, about a circle, is always equal.
1
4. Area of quadrilateral = × one of the diagonals × sum of the perpendiculars drawn to the diagonals from the
2
opposite vertices.
i.e., 𝐴(𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) = 1/2 × 𝐴𝐶 × (𝐷𝐸 + 𝐵𝐹)
Different Types of Quadrilaterals are given below:

Parallelogram: A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel
Properties
1. The opposite sides are parallel and equal.
2. Opposite angles are equal.

3. Sum of any two adjacent angles is 180°
4. Diagonals bisect each other
5. Diagonals need not be equal in length.

6. Diagonals need not bisect at right angle.
7. Diagonals need not bisect angles at the vertices.
8. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
9. Lines joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a quadrilateral form a parallelogram.
10. Lines j oining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a parallelogram is a parallelogram.
11. The parallelogram that is inscribed in a circle is a rectangle.
12. The parallelogram that is circumscribed about a circle is a rhombus.
13. (a) Area of a parallelogram = base x height
(b) Area of parallelogram
= product of any two adjacent sides x sine of the included angles. = 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐷 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
14. Perimeter of a parallelogram -2 (sum of any two adjacent sides)
15. (𝐴𝐶)2 + (𝐵𝐷)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐵𝐶)2 + (𝐶𝐷)2 + (𝐴𝐷)2 = 2(𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 )
16. Parallelogram that lie on the same base and between the same parallel lines are equal in area.
17. Area of a triangle is half of the area of a parallelogram which lie on the same base and between the same
parallel lines.
18. A parallelogram is a rectangle if its diagonals are equal.
Rectangle: A parallelogram in which all the four angles at vertices are right (i.e., 90°), is called a rectangle.
Properties
1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal.
2. Opposite angles are equal and of 90°.
3. Diagonals are equal and bisect each other, but not necessarily at right angles.
4. When a rectangle is inscribed in a circle, the diameter of the circle is equal to the diagonal of the rectangle.
5. For the given perimeter of rectangles, a square has maximum area.
6. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a rectangle is a rhombus.
7. The quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of intersection of the angle bisectors of a parallelogram is a
rectangle.
8. Every rectangle is a parallelogram.
9. Area of a rectangle = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ (= 𝑙 × 𝑏)
10. Diagonals of a rectangle = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏2

11. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏)
𝑙 → 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 → 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ
Rhombus: A parallelogram in which all sides are equal, is called a rhombus.

Properties
1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal.
2. Opposite angles are equal.
3. Diagonals bisect each other at right angle, but they are not necessarily equal.
4. Diagonals bisect the vertex angles.

5. Sum of any two adjacent angles is 180°
6. Figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a rhombus is a rectangle.
7. A parallelogram is a rhombus if its diagonals are perpendicular to each other.

1 1
8. (a) Area of a rhombus = 2 × product of diagonals = 2 × 𝑑1 × 𝑑2
9. (b) Area of a rhombus = Product of adjacent sides × sine of the included angle.
Square: A rectangle whose all sides are equal or a rhombus whose all angles are equal is called a square. Thus each
rhombus is a parallelogram, a rectangle and a rhombus.
Properties
1. All side are equal and parallel.
2. All angles are right angles.
3. Diagonals are equal and bisect each other at right angle.
4. Diagonal of an inscribed square is equal to diameter of the inscribing circle.

5. Side of a circumscribed square is equal to the diameter of the inscribed circle.
6. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a square is a square.
7. Area = (𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2
(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)2 𝑑2
= 𝑎2 = =
2 2
8. Diagonal = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 √2 = 𝑎√2
9. Perimeter = 4 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 4𝑎
Trapezium: A quadrilateral whose only one pair of sides is parallel and other two sides are not parallel
Properties
1. The line joining the mid-points of the oblique (non-parallel) sides is half the sum of the parallel sides and is
called the median.
1 1
(i.e, Median = 2 × 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 2 × (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝐶)=EF)
2. If the non-parallel sides are equal then the diagonals will also be equal to each other.
3. Diagonals intersect each other proportionally in the ratio of lengths of parallel sides.
4. By joining the mid-points of adjacent sides of a trapezium four similar triangles are obtained.
5. If a trapezium sis inscribed in a circle, then it is an isosceles trapezium with equal oblique sides.
1 1
6. Area of trapezium = × (sum of parallel sides × height) = × (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷) × ℎ
2 2
7. 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷 2 + 2𝐴𝐵 ∙ 𝐶𝐷
Kite: In a kite two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
Properties
1. 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷
2. Diagonals intersect at right angles.
3. Shorter diagonal is bisected by the longer diagonal.
1
4. Area = 2 × 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠
Polygons
Polygon : It is a closed plane figure bounded by three or more than three straight lines.
e.g., triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon and decagon.
Convex Polygon: A polygon in which none of its interior angle is more than 180°, is known as a convex polygon.
Concave Polygon: A polygon in which atleast one interior angle is more than 180°, then it is said to be concave.
Regular Polygon : A polygon in which all the sides are equal and also all the interior angles are equal, is called a
regular polygon.
Formulae: For regular polygons
1. Sum of all interior angles = (𝑛 − 2) × 180 = (2𝑛 − 4) × 90°
2. Each interior angle = 180 − 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
360
3. Each exterior angle= ( ) (𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
4. Sum of all exterior angle = 360°(𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
360
5. Number of sides in a polygon =
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
= 2(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 = )
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑛(𝑛−1)
6. Number of diagonals = 𝑛
𝐶2 − 𝑛 = 2
−𝑛
𝑛2 −3𝑛 𝑛(𝑛−3)
= 2 = 2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 → number of sides of a polygon.
7. Star : Sum of angles of a 𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 = (𝑛 − 4)𝜋
𝑛𝑎2 180
8. Area of a polygon = 4 × cot ( 𝑛
);
Where 𝑛 → 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑎 → 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
Circle
Circle : A circle is a set of points on a plane which lies at a fixed distance from a fixed point.
Nomenclature Definition Diagram
The fixed point is called the centre. In the given

Centre
diagram 'O' is the centre of the circle.
The fixed distance is called a radius. In the given

Radius diagram OP is the radius of the circle. (Point P lies on
the circumference)
The circumference of a circle is the distance around a

Circumference circle, which is equal to 2𝜋𝑟.
(𝑟 → 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
A line segment which intersects the circle in two

distinct points, is called as secant.
Secant
In the given diagram secant PQ intersects circle at two
points at A and B.
A line segment which has one common point with the

circumference of a circle i.e., it touches only at only
one point is called as tangent of circle. The common
Tangent
point is called as point of contact. In the given
diagram PQ is a tangent which touches the circle at a (R is the point of contact)
point R.
Note: Radius is always
perpendicular to tangent.
A line segment whose end points lie on the circle. In

Chord
the given diagram AB is a chord.
A chord which passes through the centre of the circle

is called the diameter of the circle.
Diameter The length of the diameter is twice the length of the
radius. In the given diagram PQ is the diameter of the
circle. (𝑂 → 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
Any two points on the circle divides the circle into

two parts the smaller part is called as minor arc and
Arc
the larger part is called as major arc. It is denoted as
̂ In the given diagram ̂ 𝑃𝑄 is arc.
𝑃𝑄 → 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑃𝑄 → 𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑐
A diameter of the circle divides the circle into two

Semicircle
equal parts. Each part is called as semicircle.
An angle formed at the centre of the circle, is called

Central angle the central angle. In the given diagram ∠AOB is the
central angle.
When two chords have one common end point, then

the angle included between these two chords at the
Inscribed angle common point is called the inscribed angle.
Basically it is the central angle formed by, an arc. e.g.,
(a) measure of a circle = 360°
Measure of an arc (b) measure of a semicircle =180°
(c) measure of a minor arc = ∠POQ
(d) measure of a major arc = 360 - ∠POQ
Intercepted arc
Circles having the same centre at a plane are called the

concentric circles.
Concentric circles In the given diagram there are two circles with radii r1
and r2 having the common (or same) centre. These are
called as concentric circles.
Congruent circles Circles with equal radii are called as congruent circles.
A chord divides a circle into two regions. These two

Segment of a circle regions are called the segments of a circle, (a) major
segment (b) minor segment
A quadrilateral whose all the four vertices lie on the

Cyclic quadrilateral
circle.
A circle which passes through all the three vertices of

a triangle. Thus the circumcentre is always equidistant
Circum – circle
from the vertices of the triangle. OA = OB = OC
(circumradius)
A circle which touches all the three sides of a triangle

i.e., all the three sides of a triangle are tangents to the
circle is called an incircle.
Incircle
Incircle is always equidistant from the sides of a
triangle.
OP=OQ= OR (inradius of the circle)
• Two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) arc congruent if their degree measures are equal.
• There is one and only one circle passes through three non-collinear points
S. No Theorem Diagram
1.
2.
3.
4.
Perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre.
5. i.e., 𝑂𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐷𝐵
∴ 𝑂 is the centre of the circle.
Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from

the centre.
6.
∵ AB = PQ
∴ OD=OR
Chords which are equidistant from the centre in a circle (or in

congruent, circles) are equal.
7.
∵ OD=OR
∴ AB=PQ
The angle subtended by an arc (the degree measure of the arc) at the
8. centre of a circle is twice the angle subtended by the arc at any point on
the remaining part of the circle. M∠AOE =2m ∠ACB,
9. Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal

10.
i.e., ∠ACB= ∠ADB
If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other
points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, then
the four points lie on the same circle.
11.
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵
∴ Points A, C, D, B are concyclic i.e., lie on the circle.
The sum of pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°
∠DAB + ∠BCD =180°

12.
and. ∠ABC + ∠CDA = 180°
(Inverse of this theorem is also true)
Equal chords (or equal arcs) of a circle (or congruent circles) subtended
equal angles at the centre.
13.
∴ ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷
(Inverse of this theorem is also true).
If a side of a cyclic quadrilateral is produced, then the exterior angle is

14. equal to the interior opposite angle.
m ∠CDE = m ∠ABC
A tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius

15. through the point of contact.
(Inverse of this theorem is also true)
The lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle

16.
are equal. i.e., AP=BP
If two chords AB and CD of a circle, intersect inside a circle (outside

17.
the circle when produced at a point E), then 𝐴𝐸 × 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐶𝐸 × 𝐷𝐸
If PB be a secant which intersects the circle at A and B and PT be a

18.
tangent at T then 𝑃𝐴 ∙ 𝑃𝐵 = (𝑃𝑇)2
From an external point from which the tangents are drawn to the circle
with centre O, then
(a) they subtend equal angles at the centre.

19.
(b) they are equally inclined to the line segment joining the
centre of that point.
∠AOP = ∠BOP and ∠APO = ∠BPO
If P is an external point from which the tangents to the circle with

centre O touch it at A and B then OP is the perpendicular bisector of
20. AB.
OP ⊥ AB and AC = BC
Alternate segment theorem: If from the point of contact of a tangent, a

chord is drawn then the angles which the chord makes with the
21. tangent line are equal respectively to the angles formed in the
corresponding alternate segments. In the adjoining diagram.
∠𝐵𝐴𝑇 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 and ∠BAP = ∠BDA
The point of contact of two tangents lies on the straight line joining the
two centres.
(a) When two circles touch externally then the distance between their
centres is equal to sum of their radii, i.e.,
22.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶
(b) When two circles touch internally the distance between their
centres is equal to the difference between their radii
i.e., 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵𝐶
For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii r1 and r2. AB and CD
are two Direct Common Tangents (DCT), then the length of DCT
23.
= √(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠)2 − (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2
For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii 𝑟1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟2 PQ and RS
are two transverse common tangent, then length of TCT
24.
= √(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠)2 − (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
Exercise 01
Polygons
1. An n sided polygon has ‘n’ diagonals, then the value of n is:

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 5
2. What is the sum of all the angles of a 9 pointed star (𝑖. 𝑒. . ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3+. . . ∠8 + ∠9):
(a) 909° (b) 900° (c) 720° (d) 540°
3. In the adjoining figure there are two congruent regular hexagons each with side 6cm.
What is the ratio of area of ∆𝐵𝐷𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, if 𝑃, 𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 are the mid- points of side 𝐴𝐹, 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐸?
(a) 6 : 5 (b) 7 : 6 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 1 : 1
4. If each interior angle of a regular polygon is 135°, find the number of diagonals.
(a) 54 (b) 48 (c) 20 (d) None of these
5. A square, whose side is 2 m, has its corners cut away so as to form an octagon with all sides equal. Then, the
length of the each side of the octagon, in metres is:
2 2 √2 √2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√2+1 √2−1 √2−1 √2+1
6. In the figure below, if the perimeter of ∇𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑝, then the perimeter of the regular hexagon is:
3𝑝 √2𝑝 √3𝑝 2𝑝
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√2 3 2 √3
7. In the figure below, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a regular hexagon and 𝐴𝑂𝐹 = 90°. FO is parallel to ED. What is the ratio of the
area of the triangle 𝐴𝑂𝐹 of that of the hexagon 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹?
1 1 1 1
(a) 12
(b) 6
(c) 24
(d) 18
8. The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 40 times the exterior, angle. Find the number of sides of
the polygon.
180
9. A regular polygon with 𝑛 sied has interior angles measuring 178°. What is the value of 𝑛
?
10. A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 6. What is the area of hexagon?
11. A regular hexagon has a perimeter of 12 cm. What is its area?

(a) 6√3 (b) 72√3 (c) 144√3 (d) 216√3
12. If the expressions shown are the degree measures of the angles of the pentagon, find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦.
13. One angle of a regular polygon measures 177°. How many sides does it have?
(a) 89 (b) 120 (c) 177 (d) 183
14. Octagon 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 is similar to octagon 𝐽𝐾𝐿𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃𝑄. If 𝐴𝐵 = 10, 𝐽𝐾 = 8, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐴 = 120°, what is 𝑚∠𝐽 in
degrees?
(a) 96° (b) 120° (c) 135° (d) 186°
15. Find the sum of the measures of one interior and one exterior angle of a regular 40 – gon.
(a) 168° (b) 174° (c) 180° (d) 186°
Exercise 02
Triangles
1. Three sides of a triangle ABC are 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐. 𝑎 = 4935 cm, 𝑏 = 4700 cm and c = 6815 cm. The internal bisector of
∠A meets BC at P, and the bisector passes through incentre ‘O.
What is ratio of PO : OA ?
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 2 : 5 (d) can't be determined
2. What is the inradius of the incircle shown in the figure?
(a) 9 cm (b) 4 cm
(c) can’t be determined (d) none of the above
3. In a ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, points 𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑅 respectively such that 𝑃𝑀 = 0.6. 𝑃𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁𝑅 = 0.4 𝑃𝑅.
What percentage of the area of the triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 does that of triangle 𝑃𝑀𝑁 form?
(a) 60% (b) 50% (c) 36% (d) 55%
4. ABCD is a square and AOB is an equilateral triangle. What is the value of ∠DOC?
(a) 120° (b) 150° (c) 125° (d) can't be determined
5. In the triangle ABC, BC =CD am (∠ABC – ∠BAC) = 30°. The measure of ∠ABD is :
6. In the given triangle ABC, CD, BF and AE are the altitudes. If the ratio of CD: AE : BF = 2: 3: 4, then the ratio of
AB : BC :CA is :
(a) 4 : 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 : 4 (c) 4 : 9 : 16 (d) 6 : 4 : 3
7. In a right angled triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷 is the perpendicular on the hypotenuse 𝐴𝐵. which of the following is
correct?
𝐴𝐶×𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶×𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶×𝐵𝐶

(a) 𝐶𝐷 = (b) 𝐴𝐷 = (c) 𝐵𝐷 = (d) All of the above
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
8. In the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑀𝐶 is parallel to 𝐴𝐵. Area of trapezium 𝐴𝐵𝑁𝑀 is twice the area of triangle 𝐶𝑀𝑁. What is
ratio of 𝐶𝑀 ∶ 𝐴𝑀?
1 √3−1 √3+1
(a) (b) 2
(c) 2
(d) none of these
√3+1
9. In the adjoining figure ∠BAD = a, ∠ABC = b and ∠BCD = c and ∠ADC = d, find the value of ∠ABC in terms of
a, c and d:
(a) 𝑐 − (𝑎 + 𝑑) (b) 𝑎 − (𝑐 + 𝑑) (c) 𝑏 − (𝑐 + 𝑑) (d) none of the above
10. If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥, then the triangle is:
(a) isosceles (b) right angled (c) equilateral (d) scalene
11. In a triangle ABC, AD is the angle bisector of ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 60°. What is the length of AD?
𝑏+𝑐 𝑏𝑐 (𝑏+𝑐)2
(a) 𝑏𝑐
(b) 𝑏+𝑐
(c) √𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 (d) 𝑏𝑐
12. In the given figure, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 95° + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 150°. Find ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵.
(a) 110° (b) 120° (c) 130° (d) 140°
13. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 100° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 40°. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶.
(a) 40° (b) 100° (c) 80° (d) 60°
14. In the given figure, 𝑀𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝐿 are parallel lines.
∠𝐿𝐾𝑂 = 70°, ∠𝐾𝑂𝑁 = 100°

Find ∠𝑀𝑁𝑂.
(a) 20° (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 50°
15. The supplement of an angle is five times the angle. What is the measurement of the angle?
(a) 30° (b) 65° (c) 40° (d) 45°
16. In a triangle ABC, the incentre is at O. If ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 100°, find ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶.

(a) 10° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) 40°
17. In the given figure 𝑃𝑄 × 𝑃𝑆 = 𝑃𝑇 × 𝑃𝑅. If ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = ∠𝑃𝑆𝑇 + 30° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑃𝑇𝑆 = 100°, then find ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄.
(a) 100° (b) 70° (c) 130° (d) 50°
18. The largest angle of a triangle of sides 7 cm, 5 cm, and 3 cm is:
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 90° (c) 120°
1 1 1
19. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 4. If the perimeter is 52 cm, then the length of the smallest side is:
(a) 9 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 11 cm (d) 12 cm
20. What is the area of the triangle in which two of its medians 9 cm and 12 cm long intersect at the right angles?
(a) 72 (b) 60 (c) 56 (d) 48
21. AB is the hypotenuse in the right angled triangle ABC. N is the point inside the triangle which divides the
triangle in three equal parts (∆𝐴𝐵𝑁, ∆𝐶𝐴𝑁, ∆𝐵𝐶𝑁). What is the distance between the circumcentre of this
triangle from this point N?
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 2
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 1+√3
22. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 are mid-point of sides 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶, respectively, right angled at 𝐵, then:
4
(a) 𝐴𝑄2 + 𝐶𝑃2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 (b) 𝐴𝑄2 + 𝐶𝑃2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
5
3 5
(c) 𝐴𝑄2 + 𝐶𝑃2 = 4 𝐴𝐶 2 (d) 𝐴𝑄2 + 𝐶𝑃2 = 4 𝐴𝐶 2
23. Let 𝐶1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶2 be the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle with sides 3cm, 4cm and 5 cm. The
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓𝐶1
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐶2
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠.
16 4 9 9
(a) 25
(b) 25
(c) 25
(d) 16
24. In an equilateral D, 3 coins of radii 1 unit each are kept in such a way that they touch each other and also the
sides of the triangle. What is the area of the triangle (in sq. units)?
(a) 4 + 5√2 (b) 6 + 4√3 (c) 4 + 6√3 (d) 3 + 8√3
25. A vertical stick 20 m long casts a shadow 10m long on the ground. At the same time, a tower casts the shadow
50 m long on the ground. Find the height of the tower.
(a) 100m (b) 120m (c) 25m (d) 200m
26. The area of similar triangles, ABC and DEF are 144 𝑐𝑚2 and 81𝑐𝑚2respectively. If the longest side of larger
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 be 36 cm, then the longest side of smaller ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 is
(a) 20 cm (b) 26 cm (c) 27 cm (d) 30 cm
27. Two isosceles ∆𝑠 have equal angles and their areas are in the ratio16 ∶ 25. Find the ratio of their corresponding
heights.
(a) 4/5 (b) 5/4 (c) 3/2 (d) 5/7
28. The areas of two similar ∆𝑠 are respectively9 𝑐𝑚2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 16𝑐𝑚2. Find the ratio of their corresponding sides.
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 4 : 5
29. Two poles of height 6 m and 11 m stand vertically upright on a plane ground. If the distance between their
foot is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.
(a) 12 m (b) 14 m (c) 13 m (d) 11 m
30. If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a right angled triangle such that ∠𝐵 = 90°, (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶) − 𝐴𝐶 = 20𝑐𝑚 and perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 =
60 𝑐𝑚, then area of the triangle (in 𝑐𝑚2) is.
31. The area of an isosceles triangle is 12 cm2. If one of the equal sides is 5 cm long, mark the option which can
give the length of the base,
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 10cm (d) 9cm
32. The perimetre of a right angled triangle measures 234 m and the hypotenuse measures 97 m. Then the other
two sides of the triangle are measured as
(a) 100m and 37m (b) 72m and 65m
(c) 80m and 57m (d) None of these
33. A 25 feet long ladder is placed against the wall with its base 7 feet from the wall. The base of the ladder is
drawn out so that the top comes down by half the distance that the base is drawn out. This distance is in the
range:
(a) (2, 7) (b) (5, 8) (c) (9, 10) (d) None of these
34. In an equilateral triangle ABC, whose length of each side is 3 cm, D is a point on BC such that BD = CD/2.
What is the length of AD?
(a) √5 cm (b) √6 cm (c) √7 cm (d) √8 cm
35. In a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, point D is on side AB and point E is on side AC, such that BCED is a trapezium. 𝐷𝐸: 𝐵𝐶 =
3: 5. Calculate the ratio of the area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 and the trapezium 𝐵𝐶𝐸𝐷.
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 9 : 16 (c) 3 : 5 (d) 9 : 25
36. 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 are the mid-points of the sides 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 respectively of a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶. Determine the ratio of the area of
triangles 𝐷𝐸𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 4 : 5
37. A ladder reaches a window that is 8 m above the ground on one side of the street. Keeping its foot on the
same point, the ladder is twined to the other side of the street to reach a window 12 m high. Find the width of
the street if the ladder is 13 m.
(a) 15.2m (b) 14m (c) 14.6m (d) 12m
38. In the figure below, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑆, 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑅𝑆 and angle 𝑆𝑅𝑄 = 100°. How many degrees is angle QPS?
(a) 20° (b) 40° (c) 15° (d) 30°
Exercise – 03
Circle
1. In the given figure, 0 is the centre of the circle. Radius of the circle is 17 cm. If OC = 8 cm, then the length of
the chord AB is:
(a) 35 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 18cm
2. In the given figure, two circles with their respective centres intersect each other at A and B and AB ontersects
OO’ at M, then 𝑚 ∠𝑂𝑀𝐴 is:
(a) 60° (b) 80° (c) 90° (d) can’t be determined
3. In the given figure the two chords AC and BC are equal. The radius OC intersect AB at M, then
(a) 1 : 1 (b) √2 ∶ 3 (c) 3∶ √2 (d) none of the above
4. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of circle and diameter AC = 26 cm. If chord AB = 10cm, then the
distance between chord AB and centre O of the circle is:
(a) 24 cm (b) 16 cm (c) 12 cm (d) none of the above
5. In the given figure, AB is diameter of the circle. C and D lie on the semicircle. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 65° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 45°.
Find 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴:
(a) 45° (b) 25° (c) 20° (d) none of these
6. In the given figure, chords AB and CD are equal. If ∠𝑂𝐵𝐴 = 55°, then 𝑚 ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 is:
(a) 65° (b) 55° (c) 70° (d) 50°
7. In the given figure, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 are the angles of same segments. ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 30° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 =
110°. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑖𝑠:
(a) 35° (b) 40° (c) 55° (d) 60°
8. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. ∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = 60°. Find the value of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵:
(a) 40° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 30°
9. In the given figure,∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 120°. 𝐹𝐼𝑛𝑑 𝑚 ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸, where O is the centre:
(a) 60° (b) 100° (c) 120° (d) 150°
10. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and diagonals bisect each other at P. If ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 60° and
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30°, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 is:
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 80° (d) none of the above
11. In the given figure, ∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 40°, 𝐴𝐵 is the diameter of the circle. Find 𝑚 ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵:
12. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 100°. Find the ratio of 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 ∶ 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶:
(a) 5 : 6 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 5 : 13 (d) none of the above
13. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 100°. Find 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 ∶
(a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 40°
14. In the given figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC and 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 50°, 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶:
(a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 65° (d) 100°
15. In the given figure, AB is the diameter, 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 70° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 30°. Find 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶:
(a) 25° (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 60°
16. ‘O’ is the centre of the circle, line segment BOD is the angle bisector of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶, 𝑚 ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 50°. Find 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶:
(a) 25° (b) 50° (c) 100° (d) 120°
17. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90°. Find 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵:
(a) 130° (b) 150° (c) 135° (d) can’t be determined
18. In the given figure, PQ is the tangent of the circle. Line segment PR intersects the circle at N and R. 𝑃𝑄 =
15 𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑅 = 25𝑐𝑚, find 𝑃𝑁:
(a) 15 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 6 cm
19. In the given figure, 𝑃𝐴𝑄 is the tangent. BC is the diameter of the circle. 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝑄 = 60°, find 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶:
(a) 25° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°
20. In a circle of radius 5 cm, AB and AC are the two chords such that AB = AC = 6 cm. Find the length of the
chord BC:
(a) 4.8cm (b) 10.8cm (c) 9.6 cm (d) none of these
21. If two circles are such that the centre of one lies on the circumference of the other, then the ratio of the
common chord of two circles to the radius of any of the circles is :
(a) √3 ∶ 2 (b) √3 : l (c) √5 : 1 (d) none of these
22. Two circles touch each other internally. Their radii are 2 cm and 3 cm. The biggest chord of the other circle
which is outside the inner circle, is of length :
(a) 2√2 cm (b) 3√2 cm (c) 2√3 cm (d) 4√2 cm
23. The radius of a circle is 20 cm. The radii (in cm) of three concentric circles drawn in such a manner that the
whole area is divided into four equal parts, are:
10√3 10√2 10
(a) 20√2, 20√3, 20 (b) 3
, 3
, 3
(c) 10√3, 10√2, 10 (d) 17, 14, 9
24. In the given figure O is the centre of the circle and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 25°, then the value of ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 is:
(a) 40° (b) 55° (c) 50° (d) 65°
25. In the given diagram O is the centre of the circle and CD is a tangent. ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 are supplementary to
each other ∠𝑂𝐴𝐶 = 30°. Find the value of ∠𝑂𝐶𝐵:
26. In the adjoining figure ‘O’ is the centre of circle. ∠CAO = 25° and ∠CBO = 35°. What is the value of ∠AOB?
(a) 55° (b) 110° (c) 120° (d) data insufficient
28. The three sides of a triangle measure 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively. A rectangle equal in area ot the
triangle has a length of 8 cm. The perimeter of the rectangle is:
(a) 11 cm (b) 22 cm (c) 16 cm (d) None of these
29. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and ∠𝑂𝑄𝑃 + ∠𝑂𝑅𝑃 = 70°. Find ∠𝑂𝑅𝑄.
(a) 20° (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 50°
30. Three identical right angle cones with base radius 𝑟 are placed on their bases so that each is touching the other
two. The radius of the circle drawn through their vertices is:
(a) Smaller then 𝑟 (b) Equal to 𝑟 (c) Larger than 𝑟 (d) Depends on the height of the cones
31. Two chords of lengths 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 of a circle subtend 60° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90° angles at the centre, respectively. Which of the
following is correct?
(a) 𝑏 = √2𝑎 (b) 𝑏 = √2𝑏 (c) 𝑎 = 2𝑏 (d) 𝑏 = 2𝑎
32. A chord of length 32 cm is placed inside a circle of radius 20 cm and a point whose distance from the centre of
the circle is 13 cm, is marked on the chord. Calculate the lengths of the segment of the chord.
(a) 21 cm and 11 cm (b) 19 cm and 13 cm
(c) 16 cm each (d) 18 cm and 14 cm
33. Points 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are on a circle of radius 5 and 𝐴𝐵 = 6. Point C is the mid – point of the minor are 𝐴𝐵. What is
the length of the line segment AC?
7
(a) √10 (b) (c) √14 (d) √15
2
34. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a cyclic quadrilateral and the points 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 form an equilateral triangle. What is the sum of the
lengths of line segments 𝐷𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐶?
(a) 𝐷𝐵 (b) 𝐷𝐵/2 (c) √2𝐷𝐵 (d) 𝐷𝐵/√2
35. The length of the common chord of two circles of radii 15 cm and 20 cm, whose centres are 25 cm apart, is (in
cm):
(a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 15 (d) 20
36. In the above figure, 𝑄𝑅 = 4𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑆 = 12𝑐𝑚. 𝑇𝑆 = 8 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑈 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑇. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑄.
(a) 3 𝑐𝑚 (b) 24 𝑐𝑚 (c) 21 𝑐𝑚 (d) None of these
39. The radius of circle is 9 cm and length of one of its chords is 14 cm. Find the distance of the chord from the
centre.
(a) 5.66 cm (b) 6.3 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 7 cm
40. If the inradius of an equilateral triangle is √3 𝑐𝑚, then its area is:
(a) 7√3 𝑐𝑚2 (b) 9√3 𝑐𝑚2 (c) 10√3 𝑐𝑚2 (d) 12√3𝑐𝑚2
41. There are two circles C1, and C2 of radii 3 and 8 units respectively. The common internal tangent T, touches the
circles at points P and Q respectively. The line joining the centers of the circles intersects T at X. The distance
of X from the center of the smaller circle is 5 units. What is the length of the line segment PQ?
(a) ≤13 (b) >13 and ≤ 14 (c) > 14 and < 15 (d) > 15 and ≤ 16
42. The diagram below represents three circular garbage cans, each of diametre 2 m. The three cans are touching
as shown. Find, in metres, the perimetre of the rope encompassing the three cans.
(a) 2𝜋 + 6 (b) 3𝜋 + 4 (c) 4𝜋 + 6 (d) 6𝜋 + 6
43. If ABC is a quarter circle and a circle is inscribed in it and if 𝐴𝐵 = 1𝑐𝑚, find radius of smaller circle.
(a) √2 − 1 (b) (√2 + 1)/2 (c) √2 − 1/2 (d) 1 − 2√2
44. If a circle is provided with a measure of 19° on centre, is it possible to divide the circle into 360 equal parts?
(a) Never (b) Possible when one more measure of 20° is given
(c) Always (d) Possible if one more measure of 21° is given
45. A right triangle with legs measuring 12 cm and 16 cm is inscribed in a circle. What is the circumference of the
circle in centimeters?
(a) 14𝜋 (b) 16𝜋 (c) 20𝜋 (d) 28𝜋
46. A central angle measuring 𝑀° intercepts an arc in a circle of radius 𝑟 cm. The length of the subtended arc is 8𝜋
cm. The area of the sector formed by (and including) the angle is 48𝜋 𝑐𝑚2.
𝑀
Evaluate ( ).
𝑟
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 40
47. A circle is inscribed in a triangle with sides measuring 4𝑐𝑚, 6 𝑐𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 𝑐𝑚. What is the area of the circle in
square centimeters?
7𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
48. An isosceles trapezoid has a mid-segment measuring 13 cm and an area of 52 𝑐𝑚2. If one base has length 10
cm, find the perimeter of the trapezoid in centimeters.
Exercise – 04
Quadrilaterals
1. In a trapezium ABCD, the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O such that 𝑂𝐵 ∶ 𝑂𝐷 = 3 ∶ 1 then the ratio of
areas of ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 ∶ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐷 is:
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 9 : 1 (d) can't be determined
2. In the adjoining figure O is the centre of the circle. The radius OP bisects a rectangle ABCD, at right angle.
𝐷𝑀 = 𝑁𝐶 = 2 cm and 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑆𝐵 = 1𝑐𝑚 and 𝐾𝑆 = 4 cm and 𝑂𝑃 = 5 𝑐𝑚. What is the area of the rectangle?
(a) 8 𝑐𝑚2 (b) 10 𝑐𝑚2 (c) 12𝑐𝑚2 (d) None of these
3. In the given quadrilateral ABCD, AB = 15 cm, BC = 20 cm and AD = 7 cm, ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°. Find the
length of side CD:
(a) 12cm (b) 18 cm (c) 24 cm (c) none of the above
4. In the adjoining figure ABCD, PQRS and WXYZ are three squares. Find number of triangles and
quadrilaterals in the figure:
(a) 24 and 16 (b) 28 and 15 (c) 27 and 16 (d) none of the above
5. In the adjoining figure ABCD, P and R are the mid-points of the sides AB and CD. ABCD is a parallelogram.
What is the ratio of the shaded to the unshaded region?
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) none of these
6. In the adjoining figure ABCD is a rectangle. Find the maximum number of rectangles including the largest
possible rectangle:
(a) 16 (b) 7 (c) 18 (d) 24
7. The three sides of a triangle measure 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively. A rectangle equal in area ot the
triangle has a length of 8 cm. The perimeter of the rectangle is:
(a) 11 cm (b) 22 cm (c) 16 cm (d) None of these
8. A cyclic quadrilateral is such that two of its adjacent angles are divisible by 6 and 10, respectively. One of the
remaining angles will necessarily be divisible by:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) None of these
9. A square is inscribed in a semi-circle of radius 10 cm. What is the area of the inscribed square? (Given that the
side of the square is along the diameter of the semicircle.)
(a) 70𝑐𝑚2 (b) 50𝑐𝑚2 (c) 25 𝑐𝑚2 (d) 80𝑐𝑚2
10. Let A be the area of a square inscribed in a circle of radius ′𝑟′, and let B be the area of a hexagon inscribed in
the same circle. Then, 𝐵/𝐴 equals:
3√3 2√3
(a) 2√3 (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 4
11. In a trapezium, the diagonals intersect at point 𝑂. The ratio of the length of one of the diagonals from one
vertex of the trapezium to the point 𝑂 to its entire length is 2 ∶ 5. Find the ratio of its parallel sides (smaller
side : larger side).
(a) 2 ∶ 5 (b) 2 ∶ 3 (c) 2 ∶ 7 (d) 5 ∶ 7
12. The sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and one of the perpendicular sides of a right angled triangle is L.
When the area of this triangle is maximum, the angle between these two sides is:
(a) 45° (b) 22.5° (c) 60° (d) None of these
13. Square 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 has side length 10. Point E is on ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶, and the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 is 40. What is BE?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 7
14. In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square with side 10. 𝐵𝐹𝐷 is an arc of a circle with centre C. BGD is an arc of a circle
with centre A. What is the area of the shaded region?
(a) 100𝜋 − 50 (b) 100 − 25𝜋 (c) 50𝜋 − 100 (d) 25𝜋 − 10
15. See the figure given below:

Inside a square ABCD, three circles are drawn touching one another as shown in the figure. Radius of two
smaller circles is R units and radius of the bigger circle is 2R units. Diagonal BD of the square passes through
the centre of all the circles. What is the ratio of the radius of the smaller circles to the side of the square?
(a) 2 : 27 (b) 3 : 8 (c) 1 : 4 (d) None of these
16. Lines joining mid-point of a quadrilateral form 𝑎_____

(a) square (b) parallelogram (c) rectangle (d) None of these
17. A rhombus has a perimeter of 52 cm and a diagonal measuring 24 cm. What is the length, in centimeters, of
the other diagonal?
18. A rhombus has diagonals measuring 6 cm and 10 cm. What is its area in square centimeters?
(a) 30 (b) 32 (c) 60 (d) 64
19. One angle of a parallelogram measures (2𝑥 + 𝑦)°. Another angles of the same quadrilateral (but not the
opposite angle) measures (𝑥 + 2𝑦)°. What is (𝑥 + 𝑦)?
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 120
20. A square has a diagonal measuring 8 cm. When its area is expressed as 2𝑘 square centimeters, what is 𝐾?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
21. One – fourth of the area of a square with each side measuring 2𝑥 cm is sectioned off and removed. (“Before
and After” pictures of the procedure appear to the right.) The area removed is itself square – shaped. What is
the perimeter of the resultant figure in centimeters?
(a) 6𝑥 (b) 7𝑥 (c) 8𝑥 (d) 9𝑥
Exercise – 5
HOTS
1. In the adjoining figure ‘O’ is the centre of circle AC and BD are the two chords of circle which meets at T
outside the circle. OT bisects 𝐶𝐷, 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 8cm and OT = 17 cm. What is the ratio of distance of AC and BD
from the centre of the circle?
2. In the adjoining figure BD is the diameter of the circle and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 41°. Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷:
(a) 41° (b) 49° (c) 22.5° (d) 20.5°
3. In the adjoining figure, a star is shown. What is the sum of the angles A, B, C, D and E?
4. ABC is a triangle in which 𝐷, 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹 are the mid – points of the sides 𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 respectively.
What is the ratio of the area of the shaded to the unshaded region in the triangle?
5. In an isosceles right angled triangle ABC, ∠𝐵 is right angle. Angle bisector of ∠BAC is AN cut at M to the
median BO.
Point 'O' lies on the hypotenuse. OM is 20 cm, then the value of AB is :
(a) 38.96cm (b) 24.18cm (c) 34.134cm (d) none of these
6. In the given diagram, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle and AC is the diameter. ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 is 120°. Radius of the circle
is 6 cm, what is the area of the triangle ABC?
(a) 18√3 𝑐𝑚2 (b) 24√3 𝑐𝑚2 (c) 27 𝑐𝑚2 (d) Data insufficient
7. A circle is circumscribed by the rhombus which in turn is made up by joining the mid-points of a rectangle
whose sides 12 cm and 16 cm respectively. What is the area of the circle?
625 676 576
(a) 26 𝜋 (b) 25 𝜋 (c) 25 𝜋 (d) can’t be determined
8. ABCD is a square, in which a circle is inscribed touching all the sides of square. In the four corners of square 4
smaller circles of equal radii are drawn, containing maximum possible area. What is the ratio of the area of
larger circle to that of sum of the areas of four smaller circles?
(a) 1 ∶ (68 − 48√2) (b) 1 ∶ 17 √2 (c) 3 ∶ (34 − 12√2) (d) none of these
9. A trapezium PQRS inscribes a circle which touches the circle at M, A, N, B, Radius of circle is 10 cm. The
length of each non-parallel side is 21 cm. What is the perimeter of trapezium?
(a) 82cm (b) 84cm (c) 85.5 cm (d) can't be determined
10. Identical spherical balls are spread on a table top so as to form an equilateral triangle. How many balls are
needed so that a side of the equilateral triangle contains 𝑛 balls
𝑛(𝑛+1)
(a) (b) 𝑛2 − 1 (c) 𝑛(𝑛 − 1) (d) 𝑛!
2
11. A square is inscribed in a circle which is inscribed in an equilateral triangle. If one side of the triangle is ‘a’,
find the area of the square.
12 𝑎2 3𝑎2 𝜋𝑎2
(a) 2
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 12
12. There is a fan with 3 blades at 120° to each other whose central circular disc has an area of 3𝜋𝑐𝑚2 and a blade
is (20 − √3) cm long. If the tips of the blades are joined so as to form an equilateral triangle, what will be its
area?
(a) 900𝑐𝑚2 (b) 300√3𝑐𝑚2 (c) (900 + 9𝜋)𝑐𝑚2 (d) (3𝜋 + 300)𝑐𝑚2
13. Two circles of an equal radii are drawn, without any overlap, in a semicircle of radius 2 cm. If these are the
largest possible circles that the semicircle can accommodate, what is the radius (in cm) of each of the circles?
(a) 0.414 (b) 0.828 (c) 0.172 (d) 0.586
14. A rhombus 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is drawn inside a circle, whose centre is at 𝑂, in such a way that the vertices A, B, and C of
the rhombus are on the circle. If the area of the rhombus is 32√3𝑚2 , then the radius of the circle is:
(a) 64 m (b) 8 m (c) 32 m (d) 46 m
15. The ratio of the area of a square inscribed in a semicircle to that of the area of a square inscribed in the circle of
the same radius is:
(a) 2 ∶ 1 (b) 2 ∶ 3 (c) 2 ∶ 5 (d) 2 ∶ 7
16. Let 𝑆1 be a square of side a. Another square 𝑆2 is formed by joining the mid – points of the sides of 𝑆1. The
same process is applied to 𝑆2 to form yet another square 𝑆3, and so on. If 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 . … be the areas if
𝑃 +𝑃 +𝑃 +⋯
𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 , … be the perimeters of 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 , …, respectively, then the ratio of 𝐴 1+𝐴2 +𝐴3 +⋯ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠.
1 2 3
(2+√2) 2(2−√2) 2(2+√2) 2(1+2√2)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
17. The perimeter of a right – angled triangle is four times the shortest side. The ratio of the other two sides is:
(a) 5 ∶ 6 (b) 3 ∶ 4 (c) 4 ∶ 5 (d) 2 ∶ 3
18. In a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, the medians 𝐴𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑁 to the sides 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵, respectively, intersect at the point O. Let P
be the mid – point of AC and let MP intersect CN and Q. If the area of the triangle OMQ is s square units, the
area of ABC is:
(a) 16s (b) 18s (c) 12s (d) 24s
19. The sides of a triangle are given by:

√𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 , √𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒. Then, the area of the triangle equals.
1 1
(a) 2 √𝑏2 𝑐 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 𝑏2 (b) 2 √𝑎4 + 𝑏4 + 𝑐 4
√3 √3
(c) √𝑏2 𝑐 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 𝑏2 (d) (𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏)
2 2
20. If the number of square inches in the area of a square is equal to the number of inches in its circumference,
then the diagonal of the square is equal to:
(a) 4 (b) 4√2 (c) 3√2 (d) √2
21. Three circles of equal radii have been drawn inside an equilateral triangle, of side a, such that each circle
touches the other two circles as well as two sides of the triangles. Then, the radius of each circle is:
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(a) 2(√3+1) (b) 2(√3−1) (c) (d)
√3−1 √3−1
22. In a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐵 = 3, 𝐵𝐶 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐴 = 5. Point 𝐷 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵, point 𝐷 is the midpoint of AB,
point E is on the segment AC and point F is on the segment BC. IF 𝐴𝐸 = 1.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹 = 0.5 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45 ° (d) 75°
23. Two poles, of height 2 metres and 3 metres, are 5 metres apart. The height of the point of intersection of the
lines joining the top of each pole to the foot of the opposite pole is,
(a) 1.2 metres (b) 1.0 metres (c) 5.0 metres (d) 3.0 metres
24. A circle is inscribed inside a square. The square is inscribed inside another circle. If the area of the small circle
is 𝜋 𝑐𝑚2, what is the area of the large circle, in square centimeters?
(a) 𝜋√2 (b) 2𝜋 (c) 2𝜋√2 (d) 4𝜋
Exercise – 6
TITA/SHORT ANSWERS
1. In the given figure, 𝐴𝑃 = 3𝑐𝑚, 𝐵𝐴 = 5 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑃 = 2𝑐𝑚. Find 𝐶𝐷:
________
2. The distance between the centres of equal circles each of radius 3 cm is 10 cm. The length of a transverse
tangent is :
________
3. In the given figure 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝐹 are three towers. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower CD from the
top of the tower AB is 60° and that from EF is 30°. BD = 2√3𝑚, 𝐶𝐷 ∶ 𝐸𝐹 = 5 ∶ 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐹 = 4 𝑚. What is the
height of the tower AB?
________
4. In a triangle ABC, O is the centre of incircle 𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 65°, ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 75°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅𝑂𝑄:
________
5. In the given diagram an incircle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is circumscribed by the right angled triangle in which 𝐴𝐹 = 6𝑐𝑚 and
𝐸𝐶 = 15 𝑐𝑚. Find the difference 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐵𝐷:
________
6. How many distinct equilateral triangles can be formed in a regular nonagon having at two of their vertices as
the vertices of nonagon?
________
7. In a triangle all the three angles A, B, C are in integers, then the number of values that A, B and C can take :
________
8. Two trains Punjab mail and Lucknow mail starts simultaneously from Patiyala and Lakhimpur respectively
towards each other with the speed of 40 km/h and 60 km/h respectively on the same track Lakhimpur is 500
km due east of Patiyala. A plane starts flying at 200 km/h at the same time from Patiyala to Jalandhar.
Jalandhar is 100 knulue north of Patiyala. After travelling sometime two "trains Punjab mail and Lucknow
mail collides with each other. The plane moves continuously to and fro between Patiyala to Jalandhar till the
collision of the trains. How far would the plane have travelled?
________
9. In the given figure ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral DO = 8 cm and CO = 4 cm. AC is the angle bisector of
∠BAD. The length of AD is equal to the length of AB. DB intersects diagonal AC at O, then what is the length
of the diagonal AC?
________
10. There are 𝑛 rectangles each with area 200 𝑐𝑚2. If the dimensions of each 𝑛 rectangles are in integers then the
value of 𝑛 is:
________
11. In the given figure, AB and CD are two chords of a circle intersecting at O. If AO = 4 cm, OB = 6 cm, and OC -
3 cm, then find OD.
________
12. In the given figure 𝑃𝑅, 𝑃𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑇 are tangents to the circle at 𝑄, 𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆, respectively. 𝑃𝑅 = (𝑅𝑇 + 3) 𝑐𝑚; 𝑃𝑅 =
(𝑃𝑇 + 1)𝑐𝑚. If the perimeter of triangle 𝑅𝑃𝑇 is 26𝑐𝑚, what is value of 𝑄𝑅 + 𝑃𝑇?
________
13. In the figure below, the rectangle at the corner measures 10 𝑐𝑚 × 20 𝑐𝑚. The corner A of the rectangle is also a
point on the circumference of the circle. What I the radius of the circle in cm?
________
14. Let 𝑠 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥| + |𝑦| = 2}. Then, the diameter is S is:
________
15. ABCD is a square with sides of length 10 units. OCD is an isosceles triangle with base CD. OC cuts AB at point
Q and OD cuts AB at point P. The area of trapezoid PQCD is 80 square units. The altitude from O of the
triangle OPQ is:
________
16. In a triangle ABC the length of side BC is 295. If the length of side AB is a perfect square, then the length of
side AC is a power of 2, and the length of side AC is twice the length of side AB. Determine the perimetre of
the triangle.
________
17. The center of a circle inside a triangle is at a distance of 625 cm, from each of the vertices of the triangle. If the
diametre of the circle is 350 cm and the circle is touching only two sides of the triangle, find the area of the
triangle,
________
18. Eight points lie on the circumference of a circle. The difference between the number of triangles and the
number of quadrilaterals that can be formed by connecting these points is:
________
19. If the sides of a triangle measure 72, 75 and 21. What is the measure of its inradius?
________
20. If the interior angle of a regular polygon is 120°, find the number of diagonals of the polygon __.
________
21. The internal angle of a regular polygon exceeds the internal angle of another regular polygon by 18°. If the
second polygon has half the number of sides as the first, then the number of sides in the first polygon is__.
________
22. An equilateral triangle 𝑇1 has area 100√3 𝑠𝑞. 𝑐𝑚. A second triangle 𝑇2, is drawn with vertices on the midpoints
of the sides of 𝑇1. The midpoint of the sides of 𝑇2 are the vertices of triangle 𝑇3, and so on. What is the sum of
the perimeters, in centimeters, of all the triangles, 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 , 𝑇3 … 𝑒𝑡𝑐?
________
23. In a 30° − 60° − 90° triangle, the longest side and the shortest side differ in length by 2002 units. What is the
length of the longest side?
________
24. The base of an isosceles triangle is 80 cm long. If the area of the triangle cannot exceed 1680 square
centimeters, what is the maximum number of centimeters in the perimeter of the triangle?
________
25. A triangle has side measuring 41 cm, 41 cm and 18 cm. A second triangle has side measuring 41 cm, 41 cm and
x cm, where x is a whole number not equal to 18. If the two triangles have equal areas, what is the value of x?
PercentileClasses
Geometry Solutions
Exercise 01
Polygons
Solution
1. Ans: d
Solution
Go through options. It is pentagon
Alternatively: n𝐶2 − 𝑛 = 𝑛
⇒ n𝐶2 = 2𝑛
𝑛(𝑛−1)
⇒ = 2𝑛
2
⇒ 𝑛=5
2. Ans: b
9 × 180 − 2 × 360 So,
= 180 × 5 = 900° ∵ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 30° =
√3
=
𝐴𝐷
𝑛 × 180 − 2 × 360 2 𝐴𝐸
{ } 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐴𝐷 ×
2
=
2𝑝
= 180(𝑛 − 4) √3 3√3
2𝑝 2𝑝
So, perimeter of hexagon = 6 × =
3. Ans: c 6√3 √3
Solution
√3 7. Ans: a
Area of hexagon 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 6 × × (6)2 Solution
4
= 54√3𝑐𝑚2
1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑑 𝐵𝐷𝐹 = (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛)
2
= 27√3𝑐𝑚2
4. Ans: c
(2𝑛−4)×90
= 135
𝑛
(2𝑛 − 4)2 = 3 𝑛
4𝑛 − 8 = 3𝑛 For regular hexagon. The area of all small triangles will
𝑛=8 be equal, and there are 12 small equal triangles.
1 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝑂𝐹 1
Number of diagonals = 𝑛(𝑛 − 3) = 20 Then, =
2 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 12
5. Ans: a 8. Ans: 10
Solution Solution
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2 Let the number of sides in the polygon be n as per the
(𝑖) question:
In Δ𝐴𝐸𝐹, 𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 2 (𝑛 − 2)180° = 40 (180° − [
𝑛−2
] 180°)
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑛
𝑛−𝑛+2
Use (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖) to get the answer. (𝑛 − 2)180° = 40 { } 180°
𝑛
2 (𝑛−2)
=
𝑛 40
𝑛 = 10
9. Ans: 1°
Solution
Exterior angle = 180 – 178 = 2°
⇒ 360°/2 = 180 𝑠𝑜 180°/180 = 1°
10. Ans: 54√3

Solution
6. Ans: d As all the sides of a regular hexagon makes an
Solution equilateral ∆ with the centre of hexagon so 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑎,
As hexagon is regular and 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 where a is the side of each hexagon.
𝑃
So, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is equilateral triangle with 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 =
3
𝑃
𝐴𝐷 =
6
∴ 𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝐶 = 6 𝑐𝑚
⇒ 2𝑎 = 2𝑟 = 2 × 6 ⇒ 𝑎 = 6 ∴ 𝐴𝑀 = 21 − 6 = 15 𝑐𝑚
3√3 2 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑂 15 5
𝑆𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛 = 6 = 54√3. ∴ = = =
2 𝑀𝐶 𝑂𝑃 6 2
𝑃𝑂 2
⇒ =
𝐴𝑂 5
11. Ans: a
Solution 2. Ans: b
Perimeter of the hexagon = 12 cm = 6a Solution
⇒ a = 2 cms. 𝐴𝐶+𝐵𝐶−𝐴𝐵
3√3
Inradius of a right angled triangle =
2
So area = . 22 = 6√3. 9+40−41
2 = = 4𝑐𝑚
2
12. Ans: 54°

3. Ans: c
Solution
Solution
Sum of all the angles of a pentagon = (5 − 2) × 180° = It is clear that
540° 𝑃𝑀 𝑃𝑁 6 3
= = =
⇒ 10𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 540° ⇒ 𝑀𝑄 𝑁𝑅 4 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 54°
13. Ans: b
Solution
(𝑛−2)180°
Each angle of a regular polygon = = 177°
𝑛
⇒ 𝑛 = 120
14. Ans: b
Solution
Because the two figures are similar, all cones angles
would be equal. Hence ∠𝐽 = ∠𝐴 = 120°
Therefore, ∆𝑃𝑀𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 are similar
15. Ans: c Now Ratio of area of ∆𝑃𝑀𝑁 ∶ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
Solution = 3 × 3 ∶ 5 × 5 = 9 ∶ 25
Interior ∠ + 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 ∠ = 180° always. ∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝑀𝑁 over
9
∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 = × 100 = 36%
25
Exercise 02
Triangles
Solution
4.
1. Ans: c
Solution
Note that 4700 ∶ 4935 ∶ 6815 = 20 ∶ 21 ∶ 29
Ans: b
∴ ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 is right angled triangle and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 is a right Solution
angle. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 60°
(180°−30°)
∴ The inradius of the right angled triangle And, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝑂 = =
2
20+21−29
= = 6 𝑐𝑚 75°
2
Also, ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 75°
∴ ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 360° − (75° + 60° + 75°) = 150°
5. Ans: c Now, 𝐴(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝐴(∆𝐵𝐴𝐷) +

Solution 𝐴(∆𝐶𝐴𝐷)
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 √3
𝑏𝑐 = 𝑐ℎ +
√3 √3
𝑏ℎ
= ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 4 4 4
⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = ℎ(𝑏 + 𝑐)
= ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − (∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷) 𝑏𝑐
∴ 2(∠𝐴𝐵𝐷) = ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 30° ⇒ ℎ=
𝑏+𝑐
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 15° (∵ ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶)
12. Ans: c
6. Ans: d
Solution
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐴𝐵: 𝐵𝐶; 𝐶𝐴 = : : = ∶ ∶ =6∶ 4∶3
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐵𝐹 2 3 4
150° − 𝑥 + 15° = 95° + 𝑥

2𝑥 = 70°
7. a 𝑥 = 35°
(a) 𝐶𝐷 =
𝐴𝐶×𝐵𝐶
(b) 𝐴𝐷 =
𝐴𝐶×𝐴𝐶 Therefore, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 95° + 35° = 130°
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝐶×𝐵𝐶
(c) 𝐵𝐷 = 13. Ans; d
𝐴𝐵
(d) All of the above
Ans: d
Go back to the basics.
8. Ans: c
9. Ans: a
Solution
Best way is to consider some values and verify the
results. 14. ∠𝐿𝐾𝑂 = 70°, ∠𝐾𝑂𝑁 = 100°
Find ∠𝑀𝑁𝑂.
10. Ans: c (a) 20° (b) 30°
Solution (c) 40° (d)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 50°
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥 = 0 Ans: b
⇒ 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥) = 0 Solution
⇒ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + (𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) + (𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑧 −
2𝑧𝑥 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑧)2 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥=𝑦=𝑧
∴ The given triangle is an equilateral triangle.
11. Ans: b
Solution Hence, ∠𝑀𝑁𝑂 = 30°
Let 𝐴𝐷 = ℎ(𝑠𝑎𝑦)
1 √3 15. Ans: a
Then Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° = 𝑏𝑐 Solution
2 4
Area of ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷 𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 180°
1
= 𝑐ℎ sin 60° 6𝑥 = 180°
2
√3 𝑥 = 30
= 𝑐ℎ
4
16. Ans: b
Solution
1 √3
And area of ∆𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 𝑏ℎ sin 60° = 𝑏ℎ
2 4
In ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 80 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝑄 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + ( )
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 160° 2
Also, 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 180° (𝑖)
2𝑧 = 20° And in right – angled ∆𝐶𝐵𝑃
𝐴𝐵2
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑧 = 20° 𝐶𝑃 2 = ( ) + (𝐵𝐶)2
2
(𝑖𝑖)
17. Ans: b 𝐴𝑑𝑑 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟.
𝑃𝑄 × 𝑃𝑆 = 𝑃𝑇 × 𝑃𝑅
𝑄𝑅||𝑇𝑆 23. Ans: b
∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = ∠𝑃𝑆𝑇 + 30° Solution
∠𝑃𝑆𝑇 = 70° Since sides of ∆ are: 3, 4, and 5, so this ∆ will be a right
∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = 70°
angle triangle.
𝐴 6
18. Ans: d Then, radius of inscribed circle 𝐶1 = = = 1
𝑆 6
𝑎𝑏𝑐 3×4×5 5
Solution Radius of circumscribed circle 𝐶2 = = =
4𝐴 4×6 6
Clearly, triangle is obtuse. So, (d) is the correct option. 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐶1 𝜋𝑟12 (𝑟1 )2 (1)2 4
Then, = = (5/2)2 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐶2 𝜋𝑟22 (𝑟2 )2 25
19. Ans: d
Solution 24. Ans: b
1 1 1
: : = 6: 4: 3 Solution
2 3 4
It can be seen that the side of the triangle
6𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 52, 𝑜𝑟, 13𝑥 = 52 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4
Required length = 12 𝑐𝑚 = √3 + 2 + √3 = 2 + 2√3
√3 2
Then, area = 𝑎
4
20. Ans: a √3 2
= (2 + 2√3)
Solution 4
= 4√3 + 6
1
Area ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∙ 8.6 = 24𝑐𝑚2
2
1
Area of ∆𝐵𝑂𝐷 = ∙ 8.3 = 12𝑐𝑚2
2 25. Ans: (a)
Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 36𝑐𝑚2 Solution
Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 72𝑐𝑚2 When the length of stick = 20 m, then length of shadow
= 10 m i.e., in this case length = 2 ×shadow.
With the same angle of inclination of the sun, the length
21. Ans: b of tower that casts a shadow of 50 m ⇒ 2× 50𝑚 = 100𝑚.
Solution
26. Ans: c
Solution
For similar triangles ⇒ (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠)2 =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠
36 2 144
Then as per question = ( ) =
𝑥 81
{𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 𝑥}

36 12
⇒ = ⇒ 𝑥 = 27 𝑐𝑚
𝑥 9
22. Ans: d
Solution 27. Ans: a
Use Pythagoras theorem, in right – angled ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 Solution
(𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠)2 = Let the other sides of the right angle triangle be
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 respectively.
∴ Ratio of corresponding sides in this question Then according to the question: √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 97, 𝑥 + 7 =
=√
16
=
4 234 − 97 = 137
25 5 Now by checking the option we can see that only option
(b) satisfies both the equations.
28. Ans: a So option (b) is correct.
Solution
Ratio of corresponding sides = √
9
=
3 33. Ans: d
16 4 Solution
Let the base of the ladder is drawn out by 𝑥 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡.
29. Ans: c
Solution
𝑥 2
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐸𝐷 = 6𝑚 In ∆𝐸𝐴𝐵 ∶ (24 − ) + (7 + 𝑥)2 = 252 (Using the
2
So, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵𝐶 = 11 − 6 = Phythagoras theorem).
5𝑚 By solving the above quadratic equation we get 𝑥 = 0, 8.
𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐸 = 12𝑚 So option (d) is correct.
Then by Pythagoras theorem:
𝐴𝐸 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐸 2 ⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 34. Ans: c
13𝑚 Solution
30. Ans: 300 𝑐𝑚2

Solution
(𝐴𝐵+𝐴𝐶)−𝐴𝐶 20
Inradius of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = = = 10𝑐𝑚
2 2
(Formula for inradius)
60
Semiperimetre = 𝑠 = = 30𝑐𝑚
2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑟=
𝑠
Area = 𝑟 × 𝑠(Formula for area of any triangle using the
semi – perimeter and inradius).
= 10 × 30 = 300 𝑐𝑚2
Draw 𝐴𝐸 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶. Since
31. Ans: b 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑜 𝐴𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝐵𝐶.
Solution 3
𝐷𝐸 = 𝐷𝐶 − 𝐸𝐶 = 2 − = ½ cm
2
3
𝐴𝐸 = √32 − 1.52 = √3𝑐𝑚
2
3 2 1 2
𝐴𝐷 = √( √3) + ( ) = √7𝑐𝑚
2 2
35. Ans: b
Solution
1
Area of 𝑃𝑄𝑅 = × 𝑥 × ℎ = 12 𝑐𝑚2
2
𝑥ℎ = 24𝑐𝑚2
Also in the right angle ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆,
𝑥 2
(5)2 = ( ) + ℎ2
2
𝑥 2 + 4ℎ2 = 100 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 is similar to ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 (𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦)
24 2 𝐸𝐷: 𝐵𝐶 = 3: 5
𝑥2 + 4 ( ) = 100
𝑥
Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ∶ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 9 ∶ 25
The above equation is satisfied only for 𝑥 = 6. So option
Area of trapezium = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵𝐶 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐷𝐸
(b) is correct.
= 25 − 9 = 16
Thus,
32. Ans: b
Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ∶ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝐸𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 9 ∶ 16
Solution
36. Ans: a Exercise – 03

Solution
Circle
Solution
1. Ans: b
Solution
𝐴𝐶 = √𝑂𝐴2 − 𝑂𝐶 2 = √(17)2 − (82 ) = 15𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑎𝑐 = 30𝑐𝑚 (∵
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶)
The area of a triangle formed by joining the mid – points 2. Ans: c

1
of the sides of another triangle is always th of the area Solution
4
of the bigger triangle. ∵ 𝐴𝐵 is the perpendicular bisector of OO’
So, the ratio is = 1 ∶ 4 ∴ ∠𝑂𝑀𝐴 = 90°
37. Ans: a 3. Ans: a

Solution Solution
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 (∵
𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶)
∴ 𝑂𝐶 is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
∴ 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐵𝑀
4. Ans: c
𝑂𝐴 = 13𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑀 = 5𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑂𝑀 = √(13)2 − (5)2 = 12𝑐𝑚
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶; 𝐵𝐶 = √132 − 122 = 5
In ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸; 𝐶𝐸 = √132 − 82 = √105 = 10.2 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 5. Ans: c
Width of street = 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐶𝐸 = 5 + 10.2 = 15.2 𝑚 Solution:
∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 180° − 65° = 115°
38. Ans: a ∴ ∠𝑑𝑐𝑎 = 180° − (115° + 45°) = 20°
( 𝐴𝐷𝐶𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙)
Solution
In ∆𝑄𝑅𝑆; 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑅𝑆, therefore ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄 (because
6. Ans: c
angles opposite to equal sides are equal).
Solution:
Thus, ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 + ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄 = 180° − 100° = 80°
∠𝑂𝐵𝐴 = ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 = 55°
∴ ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = 𝑅𝑆𝑄 = 40°
∴ ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 180° − (55° + 55°) = 70°
∠𝑃𝑄𝑆 = 180° − 40° = 140°
And ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 70°
(sum of angles on a line = 180°)
Then again ∠𝑄𝑃𝑆 = ∠𝑄𝑆𝑃
(∵ 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙) 7. Ans: b
Thus, ∠𝑄𝑃𝑆 + ∠𝑄𝑆𝑃 = 180° − 140° = 40° Solution:
And, ∠𝑄𝑃𝑆 = ∠𝑄𝑆𝑃 = 20° ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 180° − (110° + 30°) = 40°
And∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 40° (angles of the same segment)
8. Ans: d
Solution:
∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = 60° = ∠𝐵𝐴𝑂(∵ 𝐴𝑂 =
𝐵𝑂, 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
∴ ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 180° − (60° + 60°) = 60°
1
∴ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 30°
2
9. Ans: c
Solution:
1
∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐴 = 60°
2
∴ ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 180° − ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴
180° − 60° = 120°
10. Ans: a
Solution
∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30°
∴ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 + ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 180°
∴ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 180° − (30° + 60°)
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 90°
11. Ans: b
Solution 20. Ans: c
1 1
∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = × 40° = 20° 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶, 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶 and 𝐵𝐶 is common and 𝑂𝐴 is
2 2
common
12. Ans: c Also, ∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐴
Solution ∴ ∆𝐵𝑂𝐴 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐴
100° ∴ 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝐴 are perpendicular bisector to each other
∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = = 50°
2 [𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆= √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)]
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180° − 50° = 130° 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 5+5+6
∴
𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶
=
50°
=
5 𝑠= = = 8𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝑚 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 130° 13
Area of ∆𝐵𝑂𝐴 = √8 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 12𝑐𝑚2
1 1
13. Ans: c Again area of ∆𝐵𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 × 𝐵𝑃 = × 5 × 𝐵𝑃
2 2
Solution 1
12 = × 5 × 𝐵𝑃
∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 50° 2
1 ⇒ 𝐵𝑃 = 4.8𝑐𝑚
(∵ 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 𝑚 ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵) ∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝐵𝑃 = 2 × 4.8 = 9.6𝑐𝑚
2
∴ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 180° − 50° = 130°
∴ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 180° − 130° = 50° 21. Ans: b
Solution
14. Ans: a 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)
Solution Then, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑟, 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
(∵ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 50°) 𝑟
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 80° ∴ 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = (𝐶𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑)
2
∴ ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 80°
15. Ans: c
Solution
∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 90°
∴ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 = 20° [180° − (90° + 70°)]
∴ ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 30° + 20° = 50°
∴ ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 = 180° − 50° = 130° 𝑟 2 3𝑟 2 √3
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = √(𝐴𝐶)2 − (𝑂𝐴)2 = √𝑟 2 − ( ) = √ = 𝑟
∴ ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 130° − 90° = 40° 2 4 2
√3
∴ 𝐶𝐷 = 2𝐶𝑂 = 2 × 𝑟 = √3𝑟
2
16. Ans: b 𝑙(𝐶𝐷) √3𝑟 √3
Solution ∴ = =
𝑙(𝐴𝐶) 𝑟 1
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 2 × 50 = 100°
100
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 50° 22. Ans: d
2
Solution
17. Ans: c Let A be the centre of larger circle and B be the centre of
Solution the smaller circle.
𝑂𝐴 = 3𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝑂 = 2 𝑐𝑚
And, 𝐴𝐵 = (𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐵) = 1 𝑐𝑚
Also, 𝐵𝑃 = 2 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝑃 = 1 𝑐𝑚
P is the point of contact of tangent 𝑀𝑁
∴ 𝑀𝑃 = √𝐴𝑀2 − 𝐴𝑃 2 = √32 − 12 = 2√2𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑀𝑁 = 2𝑀𝑃 = 4√2𝑐𝑚
23. Ans: c
1
∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 180° − × 90° = 135° Solution
2
1
∵ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 45° = ( × 90°)
( 2 )
𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 180°
18. Ans: c
Solution
𝑃𝑁 × 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 2
𝑃𝑁 × 25 = (15)2
𝑃𝑁 = 9 𝑐𝑚
𝑂𝐴 is the radius of the largest circle and 𝑂 is the centroid
of the all concentric circles.
19. Ans: b
Let
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90°
(∵ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 𝐵𝐴𝑄) 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 , 𝑟3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟4 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔
∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 60°
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180° − (90° + 60°) Total area of given circle
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 30° = 𝜋 × (20)2 = 400𝜋
1
Area of each region = × 400𝜋 = 100𝜋
4
∴ Area of central region = 100𝜋 = 𝜋𝑟12
⇒ 𝑟1 = 10𝑐𝑚
Similarly, area of second region = 100𝜋 = 𝜋(𝜋22 − 𝑟12 )
100𝜋 = 𝜋(𝑟22 − 100)
⇒ 𝑟2 = 10√2𝑐𝑚
Again, area of third region = 100𝜋 = 𝜋(𝑟32 − 𝑟22 )
100𝜋 = 𝜋(𝑟32 − 200)
⇒ 𝑟32 = 10√3𝑐𝑚
∴ The required radii are 10, 10√2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10√3. ∠𝑂𝑄𝑃 + ∠𝑂𝑅𝑃 = 70°
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 70°
24. Ans: d ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = 70°
Solution ∠𝑂𝑅𝑄 = 20°
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 180 − (90 + 25) = 65° (∵
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 90°) 30. Ans: c
But since ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 Solution
∴ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 65°
25. Ans: a
Solution
∠𝑂𝐶𝐷 = 90°
∠𝑂𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝑂𝐶𝐴 = 30°
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑂 + ∠𝑂𝐶𝐷 = 30° + 90° = 120°
∴ ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 180° − 120° = 60°
⇒ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 60°
(∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶) It is given that radius of circle 𝑂1 , 𝑂2
⇒ ∠𝑂𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝑂𝐶𝐷 − ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐴 = 2𝑟
= 90° − 60° = 30° Then, the radius of circle ABC
𝐴𝐵𝐶 2𝑟×2𝑟×2𝑟
= = 1
4𝐴 4× 2𝑟×2𝑟×𝑆𝑖𝑛60°
26. Ans: c 2
8𝑟 3 2𝑟
Solution = = , Which is greater than 𝑟.
4𝑟 2 √3 √3
31. Ans: a
Solution
In ∆𝐶𝑂𝐷
𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 𝑟
𝑏 2 = 2𝑟 2
𝑏
𝑟=
√2
∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
Hence, 𝑎 = 𝑟
∠𝑂𝐶𝐴 = ∠𝑂𝐴𝐶 = 25° 𝑏
And, ∠𝑂𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝑂𝐵𝐶 = 35° 𝑟 = , hence, 𝑏 = √2𝑎
√2
∴ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑂 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝑂
= 25° + 35° = 60°
∴ ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 2∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 120°
28. Ans: b
Solution
Clearly, triangle is a right-angled triangle.
1
Its area = × 6 × 8 = 24𝑐𝑚2
2
Now, 8 × 𝑏 = 24
𝑏=3 32. Ans: a
29. Ans: a
Solution
𝐴𝐵
It is given that 𝑂𝐴 = 20, 𝐴𝐶 = = 16 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝐷 = 16
2
Then, lengths of segment 𝐴𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐵 are 21 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11, 36. Ans: d

respectively.
33. Ans: a
Solution
Method 1
In
∆ 𝑄𝑆𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑄𝑅𝑈 (∆𝑄𝑆𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑄𝑅𝑈 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠)
.
𝑄𝑅 𝑅𝑈 4 𝑅𝑈
= ⇒ = = 𝑅𝑈 = 2
𝑄𝑆 𝑇𝑆 16 8
𝑄𝑅 𝑅𝑈 4 𝑅𝑈
𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, = ⇒ = = 𝑅𝑈 = 2
𝑄𝑆 𝑇𝑆 6 8
1 1 1 4−1 3
Define D as the mid – point of line segment ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂 = − = =
𝑃𝑄 2 8 8 8
centre of the circle. Then, 𝑂, 𝐶, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 are collinear, and 8
𝑃𝑄 = 𝑐𝑚
since D is the mid – point of AB, m angle ODA = 90 3
degree, and so, 𝑂𝐷 = √52 − 32 = 4. Since 𝑂𝐷 = 4, 𝐶𝐷 =

5 − 4 = 1, and so, 𝐴𝐶 = √32 + 12 = √10. Hence option 39. Ans: a
(a) is the answer. Solution
Method 2
Using Trigonometry
√1+cos(𝛼) 32/25 16 4
cos(𝛼/2) = =√ =√ =
2 2 25 5
Hence, option (a) is the answer.
34. Ans: a
Solution
In the ∆𝑂𝐵𝐶; 𝐵𝐶 = 7𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝐶 =
9 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚.
𝑂𝐵2 = 𝑂𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
𝑂𝐵 = √32 = 5.66 𝑐𝑚 (𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥)
40. Ans: b
Solution
Inradius of an equilateral triangle =
Since ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a equilateral triangle. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
(𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)
Let 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐴 = 𝑥 2√3
Then, from the Ptolemy theorem Side = 2√3 × √3 = 6𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝐵 × 𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐷 × 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐵𝐷 √3
Required area = × 62 = 9√3𝑐𝑚2 (Using the formula
𝑥 𝐶𝐵 + 𝑥 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑥 𝐵𝐷. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐶𝐵 + 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 4
that the area of an equilateral triangle of side a is given
√3
35. Ans: a by the formula: × 𝑎2
4
Solution
41. Ans: c
Solution
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, the sides are −15,20, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25.

Then, from the Pythagoras ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 will be a right angle
triangle at ∠𝐴
1 1
Then, area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 = × 15 × 20 =
2 2
150𝑐𝑚2 Let 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are centers of circles. 𝑃𝑋 = √52 − 32 = 4𝑐𝑚
Let height of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝐴𝐷 ∆𝐴𝑃𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐵𝑄𝑋 are similar to each other as their three
1 1
Then, area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷 = × 25 × 𝐴𝐷(𝑖𝑖) angles are equal.
2 2
𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑋
From equations, (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖) =
𝐵𝑄 𝑄𝑋
𝐴𝐷 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑄𝑋 = 8 × −= 10.66 𝑐𝑚
Hence, length of the common chord = 2 𝐴𝐷 = 24 𝑐𝑚 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑋 + 𝑋𝑄 = 4 + 10.66 = 14.66 𝑐𝑚
42. Ans: a
Solution
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝐶𝑂 ′ 𝐷 = ∠𝐹𝑂"𝐸 = 120°
Distance between 2 centres = 2 𝑚
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐴 = 2 𝑚
Perimetre of the figure = 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐷𝐸 + 𝐹𝐴 +
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝐴𝑂𝐵, 𝐶𝑂 ′ 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑂"𝐸.
But three equal sectors of 120° = 1 full circle of same
radius.
𝐵𝐶 = √122 + 162 = 20𝑐𝑚

∴ 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 10 𝑐𝑚 (∴
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 90°)
∴ 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2𝜋. 10 = 20𝜋𝑐𝑚
46. Ans: 10
Solution
𝑀
Length of 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝜋 = 8𝜋
360°
𝑀
⇒ 𝑟, = 4.
360°
𝜋𝑟 2 𝑀
Therefore, perimeter of surface Area of the sector = = 48𝜋
360°
= 2𝜋𝑟 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐷𝐸 + 𝐹𝐴 = (2𝜋 + 6)𝑚 𝑀 1
⇒ ° = ⇒ 𝑀 = 120°
360 3
Hence,
43. Ans: a 𝑀 120
Solution ( )= = 10
𝑟 12
Assume the radius of the inner smaller circle to be ‘r’
and that of the outer semicircle to be 𝑅. Then, we have 47. Ans: c
from the solution figure, we known that Solution
𝐵𝑂 = 𝑅 − 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑟. If 𝑟 is the radius of the circle
4+6+8
⇒ 𝐴 = 𝑟 × 5, 𝑠= = 9 𝑐𝑚., 𝐴=
2
√9.5.3.1 = 3√15
5
3√15 = 𝑟 × 9 ⇒ 𝑟 = √ 𝑐𝑚𝑠
3
5
Area of the circle = 𝜋
3
48. Ans: 36 cms

Solution
(𝑅 − 𝑟)2 = 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 (𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚) 10+𝑎
Mid-segment 13 = ⇒ 𝑎 = 16
But we are given that 𝑅 = 1; hence we get: 2
1
1 − 2𝑟 + 𝑟 2 = 2𝑟 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 − 1 = 0 Area of trapeze = (10 + 16)ℎ = 52
2
Solving this quadratic equation, we get the solution for ⇒ ℎ = 4𝑐𝑚.
𝑟 = (√2 + 1) 𝑜𝑟 (√2 − 1)𝑐𝑚 (16−10)
As 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐸𝐹 = 10, 𝐶𝐸 = 𝐹𝐷 = = 3𝑐𝑚.
2
However, r cannot be greater than 𝑅 and hence cannot
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = √𝐴𝐸 2
= + 𝐶𝐸 2
+ = 5𝑐𝑚 √42 32
exceed a value of 1 cm. Hence, we would reject the first
Hence perimeter = 10 + 5 + 16 + 5 = 36 𝑐𝑚𝑠
value of (√2 + 1) for r and select 𝑟 = (√2 − 1). Option
(a) is correct.
Exercise – 04
44. Ans: c Quadrilaterals
Solution Solution
Since, we are given a measure of a 19° angle, if we use
the measure 19 times, we would be able to measure 361° 1. Ans: c
and hence, we can measure 361 − 360 = 1°. Hence, it Solution
would be possible to divide the circle into 360 equal Since, ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 is similar to ∆𝐶𝑂𝐷.
parts. ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 3 2 9
∴ Ratio of areas of =( ) =
∆𝐶𝑂𝐷 1 1
45. Ans: c 2. Ans: b

Solution Solution
(𝑂𝑆)2 = (𝑂𝐾)2 + (𝐾𝑆)2
25 = 𝑂𝐾 2 + 16 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾 = 3
And, (𝑂𝑆)2 = (𝑂𝐿)2 + (𝐿𝑁)2
25 = (𝑂𝐿)2 + 9
⇒ 𝑂𝐿 = 4 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐾𝐿 = 𝑂𝐿 − 𝑂𝐾 = 1 𝑐𝑚
∴ Area of rectangle = 1 × 10 = 10𝑐𝑚2
3. Ans: c
Solution
𝐴𝐶 = √(15)2 + (20)2 = 25 𝑐𝑚
𝐶𝐷 = √(25)2 − (7)2 = 24 𝑐𝑚
4. Ans: b
Solution 2
𝐴 = (√2𝑟) = 2𝑟 2
Calculate them physically (or manually)
5. Ans: b
Solution
There are total 16 similar triangle each with equal area.
√3 2
𝐵 =6∙ 𝑟
4
3 2
𝐵 2 √3𝑟 3√3
= 2 =
Here, 4 out of 16 triangles are taken. So the number of 𝐴 2𝑟 4
shaded triangles = 4 and number of unshaded triangles
= 12 11. Ans: b
1 Solution
∴ Required ratio =
3
6. Ans: c
Solution
Number of total rectangles 4𝐶2 ×3 𝐶2 = 6 × 3 = 18
𝑂𝐷 2
7. Ans: b It is given that =
𝐷𝐵 5
Solution Then,
𝑂𝐷
=
2
Clearly, triangle is a right-angled triangle. 𝑂𝐵 3
𝐴𝐷 𝑂𝐷 𝑂𝐴
1 We know that = =
Its area = × 6 × 8 = 24𝑐𝑚2 𝐵𝐶 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐶
2 𝐴𝐷 2
Now, 8 × 𝑏 = 24 Then, =
𝐵𝐶 3
𝑏=3
12. Ans: c
8. Ans: a
Solution 13. Ans: c
The two adjacent angles can be 30° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60°; therefore, Solution
others angle can be 150° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 120°. We are given that the area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐸 is 40, and that 𝐴𝐵 =
10.
9. Ans: d The area of triangle:
Solution 𝐴=
𝑏ℎ
2
Using AB as the height of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐸,
10𝑏
40 = and solving for 𝑏, 𝑏 = 8. Hence, option (c) is the
2
answer.
14. Ans: c
Solution
𝑥2
In square ABCD,
𝑥2 + = 100, 𝑥 2 = 80 Area of shaded region = Area of sector BCD – Area of
4
∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝐵𝐷 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷
10. Ans: b Since, all sides of a square are same,
Area of sectors and triangles will be the same having
same radius (side of square) and angle 90°.
So, area of shaded region = 2 (Area of sector – Area of
∆𝐴𝐵𝐷)
Diagonal of a sq with side 𝑎 = √2

8
∴ 𝑎√2 = 8 ⇒𝑎= = 4√2
√2
2
Hence area = (4√2) = 32 = 2 . Hence 𝐾 = 5.
5
21. Ans: c
Solution
𝜋 1
= 2 ( (𝐴𝐵)2 − × 𝐴𝐷 × 𝐵𝐴)
4 2
𝜋 𝜋
= (𝐴𝐵)2 ( ) = 100 ( − 1)
2 2
= 50𝜋 − 100
15. Ans: d
16. Ans: b
Solution
AS area of original square = (2𝑥)2 = 4𝑥 2 .
⇒ area of square cut out = 𝑥 2 .
So each of side = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚
Hence perimeter of rem. Figure = 8𝑥 𝑐𝑚.
Exercise – 5
HOTS
𝑆𝑄 = √32 + 42 = √25 = 5 𝑐𝑚
Solution
𝑆𝑂 = 𝑂𝑄 = 2.5 𝑐𝑚
If ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄 = 𝜃 1. Ans: d
𝑀𝑂 Solution
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = (i)
𝑆𝑂 Since 𝐶𝑆 = 𝑆𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑅𝑄/𝑆𝑅 (ii) ∴ The two chords must be equidistant from the centre
From equation (i) and (ii) ‘O’.
𝑀𝑂 𝑅𝑄 3
𝑆𝑂
=
𝑆𝑅
=
4
Thus, the required ratio is 1 ∶ 1
𝑀𝑂
= 0.75
𝑆𝑂
2. Ans: b
Solution:
17. Ans: 10 cm
∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 41°
Perimeter of the rhombus = 4𝑎 = 52
(angles of the same segment)
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 180 − (∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 + 90) = 49° (∠𝐷𝐴𝐵
3. Ans: b
Solution
(∠𝐵𝑃𝑄 + ∠𝐵𝑄𝑃) + (∠𝐸𝑄𝑅 + ∠𝐸𝑅𝑄) + (∠𝐶𝑅𝑆 +
∠𝐶𝑆𝑅) + (∠𝑇𝑆𝐴 + ∠𝐴𝑇𝑆) + (∠𝐷𝑇𝑃 + ∠𝐷𝑃𝑇) = 2 × 360
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐷 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐸 + ∠𝐶 = 5 × 180° − 2 × 360° =
180°
⇒ 𝑎 = 13𝑐𝑚. One diagonal = 24 𝑐𝑚. 4. Ans: a

1
⇒ (𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙) = √132 − 122 = 5𝑐𝑚 Solution
2
So length of the other diagonal = 5 × 2 = 10 𝑐𝑚 There are 4 triangles (smaller) are congruent.
18. Ans: 30𝑠𝑞𝑐𝑚

Solution
1 1
Area of rhombus = 𝑑1 𝑑2 = . 6.10 = 30𝑠𝑞𝑐𝑚
2 2
19. Ans: b
Solution
Sum of two consecutive angles of a 𝜋𝑔𝑚 𝑖𝑠 180°
Hence 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 180° ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60°
So, out of these 4 triangles 2 triangles are taken thus the
20. Ans: b ratio of the shaded to the unshaded region is 1 ∶ 1 (since
two triangles are shaded and 2 are unshaded).
Solution
Then, 𝐵𝑄 = 𝑟√2
5. Ans: d ∴ 𝐵𝑃 = 𝑟 + 𝑟√2
Solution
Let 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎
Then, 𝐴𝐶 = √2𝑎
√2𝑎 𝑎
∴ 𝐴𝑂 = 𝑂𝐶 = 𝐵𝑂 = =
2 √2
And, 𝐵𝑃 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑅√2 − 𝑅
𝑅√2 − 𝑅 = 𝑟 + 𝑟√2
𝑅(√2 − 1) = 𝑟(√2 + 1)
Now, by angle bisector theorem 2
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑀 𝐵𝑀 𝑎 √2 ⇒ 𝑟 = 𝑅 (√2 − 1)
= ⇒ = =
𝐴𝑂 𝑀𝑂 𝑀𝑂 𝑎/√2 1 𝑟 = 𝑅(3 − 2√2)
∴ 𝑀𝑂 = 20𝑐𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝜋𝑅2
∴ =
∴ 𝐵𝑀 = 20√2 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 4𝜋𝑟 2
𝑅2 1
∴ 𝐵𝑂 = 20 + 20√2 = 20(1 + √2)𝑐𝑚 = 2 =
4(3−2√2) 𝑅2 4(17−12√2)
𝑎 𝐴𝐵
Now, since 𝐵𝑂 = =
√2 √2
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = √2(𝐵𝑂) = 1.414[20(1 + 1.414)] 9. Ans: b
= 68.2679 = 68.27 𝑐𝑚 Solution
6. Ans: a
Solution
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60° (∵ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 =
180°)
And ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 30° (∵ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 + ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 90°)
𝐴𝐶 = 2 × 6 = 12 𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝐶 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛30° =
𝐴𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 6 𝑐𝑚
And,
𝐵𝐶
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛30° =
1 It can be solved using the property of tangents.
𝐴𝐵 √3
(Tangents on the circle drawn from the same points are
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 6√3
1 same in length)
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × 6 × 6√3 = 18√3 𝑐𝑚 Points 𝑀, 𝐴, 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are the points of tangent.
2
∴ 𝑃𝑆 + 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 + 𝑆𝑅 = 2(21) = 42𝑐𝑚
7. Ans: c ∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 2(42) = 84𝑐𝑚
Solution
𝐷𝑆 =
𝐴𝐷
= 6𝑐𝑚 10. Ans: a
2
𝐷𝐶 Solution
And, 𝐷𝑅 = = 8𝑐𝑚 = 𝑂𝑆
2 Putting the value of 𝑛 = 2, 3, and so on, we get option
(a) as answer.
11. Ans: b
Solution
∴ 𝑆𝑅 = 10𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝑅 = 6𝑐𝑚

𝑂𝑆×𝑂𝑅 𝑆𝑅×𝑂𝑇
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑂𝑅𝑆 = =
2 2
8×6 10×𝑂𝑇
=
2 2
48
⇒ 𝑂𝑇 = 𝑐𝑚
10
48 2 576
∴ Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋 × ( ) = 𝜋 √3 2
𝑎
10 25 √3
Radius of circle 𝑅 = 4
3𝑎 = 𝑎
6
2
8. Ans: a Diagonal of square = Diameter of circle
𝑂𝐴 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝑃 √3
= 2. 𝑎
Let 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑅(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)then 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑅√2 6
√3
Similarly 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑀𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅 = √2𝑥 = 3 𝑎
𝑟 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
√3 √6
𝑥= 𝑎 = 𝑎
3√2 6
2
(√6𝑎) 6 1
Area = 𝑥 2 = [ ] = 𝑎2 = 𝑎2
6 36 6
12. Ans; b
Solution
Area = 2𝑟 2
5
Required ratio = =2∶5
2𝑟 2
16. Ans: c
Find the sides of all the squares.
Then, use geometric progression concept and get the
answer.
Radius of disc = √3, 𝑂𝐵 = 20
Use Sine law to find the length of 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶.
13. Ans. b
Solution
Let radius of small circles 17. Ans: c

𝐴𝐷 = 𝐷𝐵 = 𝑟 Solution
Then, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑟(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑟 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)) Let the sides be 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 is the smallest side.
Since, it is given that 𝑂𝑂1 = 2 Then, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4𝑥 [It
𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐴 = 2 − 𝑟 is given]
Now, in ∆𝐴𝐷𝑂 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3𝑥
𝑦+2
𝐴𝐷 2 + 𝐷𝑂 2 = 𝑂𝐴 𝑥=
3
𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 = (2 − 𝑟)2 = 4 + 𝑟 2 − 4𝑟 Since it is right angle triangle, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑧 2
𝑦+2
Put = 𝑥 from equation (i)
14. Ans: b 3
𝑦+𝑧 2
Solution Then, ( ) + 𝑦2 = 𝑧2
3
𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 +2𝑦𝑧
+ 𝑦 2 = 𝑧 2 → 8𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 10𝑦 2 = 0
9
8𝑧 2 + 8𝑧𝑦 − 10𝑧𝑦 + 10𝑦 2 = 0, 𝑜𝑟, (8𝑧 − 10𝑦)(𝑧 + 𝑦) = 0
𝑧 8 4
8𝑧 − 10𝑦 = 0 → 8𝑧 = 10𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = =
𝑦 10 5
18. Ans: d
Solution
𝑟2 √3
𝐴𝐷 = √𝑟 2 − = 𝑟
4 2
1
∙ 𝑟 ∙ √3𝑟 = 32 × √3, 𝑟 2 = 32 × 2
2
𝑟2 = 64 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 8
15. Ans: c
Solution
We knows that medians intersect each other in the ratio

of 2 ; 1.
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂 𝐵𝑂 2
Then, = = =
𝑂𝑀 𝑂𝑁 𝑂𝑃 1
Since P and M are the mid – points of AC and BC
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑀 𝑁𝑄 1
∴ = = =
2 𝑃𝐶 𝑀𝐶 𝑄𝐶 1
2 4
Area of square = ( 𝑟) = 𝑟2 In the ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝐶𝑂
=
1
√5 5
𝑂𝑁 2
𝑁𝑄 1
=
𝑄𝐶 1
𝑂𝑄 1
Then, =
𝑄𝐶 3
Then, in ∆𝑂𝑀𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑄𝑀𝐶

Heights are same and base are in the ratio of 1 ∶ 3.
Then, ratio of area = 𝑠: 3𝑠
Then, area of ∆𝑂𝑀𝐶 = 4𝑠
Then, area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 6 × 4𝑆 = 24𝑠
19. Ans: a
20. Ans: b
Solution
Let side of square = a, then perimeter = 4a ∆𝑅𝑂𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑅𝑄𝑆 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟:
𝑂𝑇 𝑅𝑇
Area of square = 𝑎2 =
𝑄𝑆 𝑅𝑆
According to the question, numerically 4𝑎 = 𝑎2 𝑅𝑇 ℎ
= … … (1)
So, 𝑎 = 4 𝑅𝑆 3
∆𝑆𝑂𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑆𝑃𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 ∶
Diagonal of square = √2𝑎 = 4√2 𝑆𝑇 ℎ
= … … . (2)
𝑆𝑅 2
21. Ans: a Adding (1) and (2), we get:
(𝑅𝑇+𝑆𝑇) 𝑅𝑆 ℎ ℎ
Solution 𝑅𝑆
= =1= +
𝑅𝑆 2 3
ℎ = 1.2 𝑚
24. Ans: b
Solution
Let the radius of circles = 𝑟

Then, 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐸𝐶 = 𝑟√3
𝐷𝐸 = 2𝑟
Then, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐸 + 𝐸𝐶 = 2(𝑟 + 𝑟√3)
𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑟(1 + √3) = 𝑎
[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎]
𝑎 𝑎
𝑟= = Area of smaller circle = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋
2+2√3 2(√3+1)
⇒ 𝑟 = 2 𝑐𝑚.
22. Ans: c So side of square = 2 cm.
Solution Diameter of bigger circle. = Diagonal of the square =
2√2.
2
2√2
So are of bigger circle = 𝜋 ( ) = 2𝜋𝑐𝑚
2
Exercise – 6
TITA/SHORT ANSWERS
Solution
1. Ans: 10 cm
Solution
𝑃𝐴 × 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃𝐶 × 𝑃𝐷
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is right angle triangle and ∠𝐵 = 90°
3 × (3 + 5) = 2 × 𝑃𝐷
Let ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴 ∴ 𝑃𝐷 = 12𝑐𝑚
⇒ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90° − 𝐴 ∴ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑃𝐷 − 𝑃𝐶
In ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸: 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐸 = 1.5 = 12 − 2 = 10 𝑐𝑚
180°−𝐴 𝐴
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = = 90° −
2 2
In ∆𝐸𝐹𝐶 ∶ 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐹𝐶 = 3.5 𝑐𝑚 2. Ans: 8 cm
∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = ∠𝐶𝐹𝐸 =
180°−(90°−𝐴)
= 45° +
𝐴 Solution
2 2 𝑃𝑄 = 𝐴𝑆(𝑃𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡)
∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 + ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 + ∠𝐹𝐸𝐶 = 180°
𝐴 𝐴
90° − + ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 + 45° + = 180°
2 2
∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 45°
23. Ans: a
Solution
And, 𝐵𝑆 = 𝐵𝑄 + 𝑆𝑄 = 𝐵𝑄 + 𝐴𝑃 Solution
𝐵𝑆 = 2𝐵𝑄 (𝐵𝑄 = 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠) ` ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180
𝐵𝑆 = 6 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝑆 = √(𝐴𝐵)2 − (𝐵𝑆)2 = √(10)2 − (6)2 = 8𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝑆 = 8𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 8𝑐𝑚
Alternatively: The length of transverse common tangent
= √(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠)2 − (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
= √(10)2 − (3 + 3)2 = 8 𝑐𝑚
3. Ans: 7 m
Solution Any one of angle can posses the values from 1 to 178.
𝐷𝑄 √3
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° ⇒ 𝐷𝑄 = 𝐵𝐷 × = 3𝑚
𝐵𝐷 2
𝐷𝑃 1 8. Ans: 1000 km
And, = sin 30° = Solution
𝐷𝐹 2
∴ 𝐷𝑃 = 2𝑚 Time taken in the collision the two trains
(∵ 𝐷𝐹 = 4 𝑚) 500
= (40+60) = 5ℎ
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 3 − 2 = 1 𝑚
Let 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝑄 = 𝑥 𝑚
𝐶𝐷 5
∴ =
𝐸𝐹 4
𝑥+3 5
= ⇒ 𝑥 = 7 𝑚.
𝑥+1 4
4. Ans: 140°
Solution
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180 − (65 + 75) = 40°
∠𝑂𝑅𝐵 = ∠𝑂𝑄𝐵 = 90°
∴ ∠𝑅𝑂𝑄 = 360 − (90 + 90 − 40)
∴ ∠𝑅𝑂𝑄 = 140° In 5 hours, plane will cover 5 × 200 = 1000𝑘𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
5. Ans: 1 cm 9. Ans: 20cm

Solution Solution
𝑂𝐸 = 𝑂𝐹 (𝑖𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠) 𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝑂
= =1
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑂
⇒ 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐷 = 8 𝑐𝑚
∵ 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
∴ 𝐷𝑂 × 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐶𝑂 × 𝐴𝑂
8 × 8 = 4 × 𝐴𝑂
⇒ 𝐴𝑂 = 16 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 16 + 4 = 20𝑐𝑚
10. Ans: 6
And, 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 = 15 𝑐𝑚 Solution
Let, 𝐵𝐹 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚 200 = 23 × 52
Then, 𝐴𝐵 = (6 + 𝑥)𝑐𝑚 Number of total factors = (3 + 1) × (2 + 1) = 12
And, 𝐴𝐶 = 6 + 15 = 21 𝑐𝑚 ∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 = = 6
12
2
∴ (𝐵𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐵𝐶)2 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑏 × 𝑙
(𝑥 + 15)2 = (6 + 𝑥)2 + (21)2 (∵ 200 = 1 × 200 = 2 × 100
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐶𝐷) = 4 × 50 = 5 × 40
⇒ 𝑥 = 14 𝑐𝑚 = 8 × 25 = 10 × 20
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = 14 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐶𝐷 − 𝐵𝐷 = 15 − 14 = 1 𝑐𝑚 11. Ans: 8 cm
Solution
6. Ans: 66
𝐴𝑂 × 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶 × 𝑂𝐷
Solution 4 × 6 = 3 × 𝑂𝐷
Let P1, P2, P3, P4,..., P9 be the vertices of the regular 𝑂𝐷 = 8 𝐶𝑀
nonagon then, we can select two vertices out of 9
vertices in 9C2 ways and 9C2 = 36 ways and number of 12. Ans: 13 cm
equilateral triangles formed = 36 × 2 = 72 Solution
But the three triangles {P1; P4, P7}, {P2, P5, Pa} and {P3, P6,
P9} are each counted 3 times i.e., counted as 9 triangles
instead by 3 triangles.
So, net number of equilateral triangles = 72 − 6 = 66.
7. Ans: 178
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑅𝑇 + 3
𝑥+𝑧 = 𝑥+𝑦+3
𝑧−𝑦=3
(𝑖) 15. Ans: 15
Similarly, 𝑧 + 𝑥 = 𝑧 + 𝑦 + 1 Solution
𝑥−𝑦=1
(𝑖𝑖)
From (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑖𝑖)
𝑧−3=𝑥−1
𝑧−𝑥 =2
Also, 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 26
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)
3𝑥 + 1 = 13
3𝑥 = 12
𝑥=4
𝑧=6
𝑦=3 Let the altitude from 𝑂 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝑌 ⊥ 𝐷𝐶
𝑄𝑅 + 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 1
Area of trapezoid𝑃𝑄𝐶𝐷 = (𝑃𝑄 + 𝐷𝐶)𝐵𝐶 = 80𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
= 4 + 6 + 3 = 13 2
1
⇒ (𝑃𝑄 + 10)10 = 80
2
13. Ans: 50 cm 𝑃𝑄 = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Solution ∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑂𝐷𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑂𝑋 𝑃𝑄 6
= =
𝑂𝑌 𝐷𝐶 10
𝑂𝑋 6
=
𝑂𝑋+10 10
10 𝑂𝑋 = 6 𝑂𝑋 + 60
60
𝑂𝑋 = = 15 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
4
16. Ans: 1063

Solution
Let 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑎 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 ∈ 𝑁
𝐴𝐶 2𝑎
Let the centre of circle is O. 𝐴𝐵 = = = 2𝑎−1
2 2
Then, 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑟, 𝑜𝑟, 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑟 − 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 − According to the question 𝐴𝐵 is a perfect square.
20 So 𝑎 − 1 should be even or ‘a’ should be odd.
Then, in ∆𝐴𝐵𝑂, 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 > 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝑂 2 = 𝑂𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐵2 , or 𝑟 2 = (𝑟 − 10)2 + (𝑟 − 20)2 3𝐴𝐵 > 295
Or, 𝑟 2 = 𝑟 2 − 20𝑟 + 100 + 𝑟 2 − 40𝑟 + 400 𝐴𝐵 > 98.33
Or, 𝑟 2 = 2𝑟 2 − 60𝑟 + 500 2𝑎−1 > 98.33 … (𝐴)
𝐴𝐶 − 𝐴𝐵 < 𝐵𝐶
Or, 𝑟 2 − 60𝑟 + 500 = 0 ⇒ 𝑟 2 − 50𝑟 − 10𝑟 + 500 = 0
2𝑎 − 2𝑎−1 < 295 𝑜𝑟 2𝑎−1 < 295…. (B)
⇒ 𝑟(𝑟 − 50) − 10(𝑟 − 50) = 0
(𝑟 − 10)(𝑟 − 50) = 0. Hence, 𝑅 = 10 𝑜𝑟 50. Since 10 is Only 𝑎 = 9 satisfies equation A and B.
not possible, hence, 𝑟 = 50 ∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 28 = 256, 𝐴𝐶 = 29 = 512
∴ Perimetre of the triangle = 256 + 512 + 295 = 1063
14. Ans: 4
17. Ans: 387072
Solution
Solution
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑦 ≤ 0 Let ABC is the triangle and the circle touches AB, AC at
D, E respectively as shown in the diagram.
Let the number of sides of the polygons be 2𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛

respectively.
As per the question:
2𝑛−2 𝑛−2
18 = × 180° − × 180° (Formula for interior
2𝑛 𝑛
angle of a regular polygon applied to both the
polygons).
𝑛−1 𝑛−2
18 = [ − ] 180°
𝑛 𝑛
1
18 = × 180°
𝑛
⇒ 𝑛 = 10 𝑜𝑟 2𝑛 = 20.
𝑂𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵 & 𝑂𝐸 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶 = 625 𝑐𝑚 (𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛)
In ∆𝑂𝐷𝐵, 𝐵𝐷2 + 𝑂𝐷2 = 22. Ans: 120
2
𝑂𝐵 (𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚) Solution
𝐵𝐷 2 + 1752 = 6252 Area =
√3 2
𝑎 = 100√3 ⇒ 𝑎2 = 400 ⇒ 𝑎 = 20
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = 600 𝑐𝑚 4
Similarly, 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 = 600 𝑐𝑚
Hence, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 =
1200 𝑐𝑚
So, 𝐴𝐹 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
In ∆𝐴𝐸𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠𝑂𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐴𝐹
∠𝐴𝐸𝑂 = ∠𝐴𝐹𝐶 = 90°
So, ∆𝐴𝐸𝑂~∆𝐴𝐹𝐶
𝐴𝐸 𝑂𝐸 𝑂𝐴
= = The perimeters of every next triangle would be half of
𝐴𝐹 𝐶𝐹 𝐴𝐶
600 175 625
𝐴𝐹
=
𝐶𝐹
=
1200
its previous triangle. Therefore sum of perimeters =
600 175 1 1 1 1
So, 𝐴𝐹 = 1200 × = 1152 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐹 = 1200 × = 3 × 20 (1 + + + + ⋯ ) = 60 × 1 = 60 × 2 = 120
625 625 2 4 8 1−
2
336 𝑐𝑚
𝐶𝐵 = 672 𝑐𝑚 23. Ans: 4004
1
Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × 672 × 1152 = 387072 𝑐𝑚2 Solution
2
18. Ans: 14
Solution
Number of quadrilaterals that can be formed = 8C4 = 70
Number of triangles that can be = 8C4 =56.
Required difference = 70 − 56 = 14
19. Ans: 9
Solution
72, 21, 75 form a Pythagorean triplet. The triangle is a
right – angled triangle.
The measure of inradius of a right angle triangle
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
=
2
72 + 21 − 75 18
= =9
2 2
20. Ans: 9
Solution
(2𝑛−4)90°
= 120° (Formula for interior angle of a regular
𝑛
polygon) .
𝑛−2 120°
= = 2/3
𝑛 180°
3𝑛 − 6 = 2𝑛
𝑛=6
Number of diagonals = 6𝐶2 − 6 = 9 (Number of
diagonals of any 𝑛 sided polygon is given by the
formula n𝐶2 − 𝑛)
21. Ans: 20
Solution
In a 30-60-90 triangle, the side opposite to 30° is half the hypotenuse.

2𝑎 − 𝑎 = 200 𝑎 = 2002
Therefore longest side = 2𝑎 = 4004
24. Ans: 196

Solution
1
Area = 1/2 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 1680 = × 80 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
Height = 42. In the given figure 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 = 58
Therefore, perimeter = 58 + 58 + 80 = 196
25. Ans: 80
Solution
1 1
Area = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = × 18 × 40
2 2
To keep the area constant we can interchange base and height as shown in the second figure. Therefore 𝑥 = 80

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Geometry

Acute 0° < 𝜃 < 90°

Obtuse 90° < 𝜃 < 180°

Reflex 180° < 𝜃 < 360°

Vertically opposite ∠𝐷𝑂𝐴 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐷𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 are adjacent angles

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 are linear pair angles.

Angles on the one

Angles round the

𝑂𝐶 is the angles bisector of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵.

When two lines are intersected by a

These are following four angles

These are following four angles

These are two pairs of angles as

• Sum of the three interior angles of a triangle is always 180°.

Perimeter of triangle is equal to sum of all the three sides i.e., 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐

(A) According to interior angles

Acute angle Each of the angle of a triangle is less than 90°

One of the angle is equal to 90°, then it is called as

A triangle in which none of the three sides is equal is

A triangles in which at least two sides are equal is

A triangle in which all the three sides are equal is

Fundamental Properties of Triangles

(i) If 𝑐 2 < 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 , the triangle is acute angle triangle

7. The sum of all the three interior angles is always 180°

8. The sum of three (ordered) exterior angles of a triangle is 360°

In fig. (i) : (∠𝐹𝐴𝐶 + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐵 + ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴) = 360°

Some Important Definitions

Nomenclature Property/Definition Diagram

The perpendicular drawn from the opposite vertex

➢ There are three altitudes in a triangle.

The line segment joining the mid- point of a side to

Median ➢ There are three medians in a triangle

A line segment which originates from a vertex and

𝐴𝐸, 𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠.

A line segment which bisects a side perpendicularly

The point of intersection of the three altitudes of the

Orthocenter ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180 − ∠𝐴

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 180 − ∠𝐶 ′𝑂′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒

Types of Triangles Property/ Definition Diagram

The point of intersection of the three medians of a

The point of intersection of the angle bisectors of a

Incentre Incentre 𝑂 is the always equidistant from all three

The point of intersection of the perpendicular

Circumcentre 𝑂 is always equidistant from all the

Important Theorems on Triangles

The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is

(𝐴𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐵𝐶)2

➢ The converse of this theorem is also true.

e.g., (3,4,5), (5, 12,13), (7,24,25), (8,15, 17), (9,40,41),

Triangle theorem ➢ Excluding hypotenuse rest two sides are

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 = √2𝐴𝐵 = √2𝐵𝐶

Any line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the

If the mid-points of two adjacent sides of a triangle are

In a triangle, the sum of the squares of any two sides

In a triangle the angle bisector of an angle divides the

In a triangle the angle bisector of any exterior angle of

Some Useful Results

4. In a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑖𝑓 𝐵𝐶 is produced to D and AE is the angle bisector of ∠𝐴, then