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Number System
The ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are called digits, which can represent any number.
Number System
It is a mathematical structure which includes natural numbers, whole numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, etc.
Number System
Remember
• 1 is neither prime nor composite
• 1 is an odd integer
• 0 is neither positive nor negative.
• 0 is an even integer.
• 2 is prime & even both.
• All prime numbers (except 2) are odd.
Natural Numbers:
These are the number (1, 2, 3, etc.) that are used for counting.
It is denoted by N.
There are infinite natural numbers and the smallest natural number is one (1).
Even Numbers:
Natural numbers which are divisible by 2 are even numbers.
It is denoted by E.
𝐸 = 2, 4, 6, 8, …
Smallest even number is 2. There is no largest even number.
Odd numbers:
Natural numbers which are not divisible/by late odd numbers.
It is denoted by O. www.percentileclasses.in
O = 1, 3, 5, 7,... Smallest odd number is 1.
Live.percentileclasses.in
There is no largest odd number.
✓ D o w Prime
Based on divisibility, there could be two types of natural numbers: n l o aand
d M obile App from
Composite.
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Prime Numbers:
Natural numbers which have exactly two factors, i.e., I and the number itself are called prime numbers.
The lowest prime number is 2.
2 is also the only even prime number.
Composite Numbers:
It is a natural number that has atleast one divisor different from unity and itself.
Every composite number can be factorised into its prime factors.
For Example: 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3. Hence, 24 is a composite number.
The smallest composite number is 4.
Whole Numbers:
The natural numbers along with zero (0), form the system of whole numbers.
It is denoted by W.
There is no largest whole number and;
The smallest whole number is 0.
Integers:
The number system consisting of natural numbers, their negative and zero is called integers.
It is denoted by Z or I.
The smallest and the largest integers cannot be determined.
The number line:

The number line is a straight line between negative infinity on the left to positive infinity on the right.
Real Numbers:
All numbers that can be represented on the number line are called real numbers. It is denoted by R.
R+: Positive real numbers and
R- : Negative real numbers.
Real numbers = Rational numbers + Irrational numbers.
𝑝
(A) Rational numbers: Any number that can be put in the form of 𝑞, where p and q are integers and 𝑞 ≠ 0, is called
rational number.
It is denoted by Q.
Every integer is a rational number.
Zero (0) is also rational number. The smallest and largest rational numbers cannot be determined. Every fraction (and
decimal fraction) is a rational number.
𝑝 (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
𝑄 = 𝑞 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑥+𝑦
• If x and y are two rational numbers, then 2 is also a rational number and its value lies between the given two
rational numbers x and y.
• An infinite number of rational numbers can be determined between any two rational numbers.
𝑝
✓ Irrational numbers: The numbers which are not rational or which cannot be put in the form of 𝑞 , where p and q
are intergers and 𝑞 ≠ 0, is called irrational number.
It is denoted by Q’ or Qc
√2, √3, √5, 2 + √3, 3 − √5, 3√3 are irrational numbers
✓ Every real number is either rational or irrational
Fraction: A fraction is a quantity which expresses a part of the whole.
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
Types of Fractions:
No Substitute to Hardwork
1. Proper fraction: If numerator is less than its denominator, then it is a proper fraction.
2 6
For example: 5 , 18
2. Improper fraction: If numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, then it is a improper fraction.
5 18 13
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 ∶ 2 , 7
, 13
Division Algorithm:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder where, Dividend = The number which is being divided Divisor = The
number which performs the division process Quotient = Greatest possible integer as a result of division Remainder= Rest
part of dividend which cannot be further divided by the divisor.
Complete remainder: A complete remainder is the remainder obtained fay a number by the method of
successive-division. Complete remainder = [I divisor × II remainder] + I remainder
𝐶. 𝑅. = 𝑑1 𝑟2 + 𝑟1
𝐶. 𝑅. = 𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑟3 + 𝑑1 𝑟2 + 𝑟1
✓ Two different numbers x and y when divided by a certain divisor D leave remainder 𝑟1 and r2 respectively.
When the sum of them is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 𝑟3 . Then,
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 − 𝑟3
1. The product of n consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by n!, where n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 ……x n
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)
Sum of first n natural numbers = 𝟐
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝟐𝒏+𝟏)
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers =
𝟔
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) 𝟐
Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers = ( 𝟐 )
Number of single – digit natural numbers: 1-9 = 9
Number of two digit natural numbers: 10-99 = 90
Number of three digit natural numbers: 100-999 = 900
Square of every natural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n+1.
Square of every natural number can be written in the form 4n or 4n +1.
Square of a natural number can only end in 00, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9. No perfect square can end in 2, 3, 7, 8
Or a single 0.
The tens digit of every perfect square is even unless the square is ending in 6 in which case the tens digit is
odd.
2. To find whether a number N is prime or not

Find the root R (approximate) of the number N, i.e. R = √𝑁 . Divide N by every prime number less than or equal to
R. If N is divisible by at least one of those prime numbers it is not a prime number. If N is not divisible by any of
those prime numbers, it is a prime number.
(Even)Odd = Even
Remember!
Even × Odd = Even
Odd + Odd = Even
Even × Even = Even
Even + Even = Even
Odd × Odd = Odd
Odd + Even = Odd
(Odd)Even × (Even)Odd = Even
(Odd)Even = Odd
(Odd)Even + (Even)Odd = Odd
Remainders
Suppose the numbers N1, N2, N3… give quotients Q1, Q2, Q3… and remainders R1, R2, R3..., respectively,
when divided by a common divisor D.
Therefore
N1 = D × Q1 + R1,
N2 = D × Q2 + R2,
N3 = D × Q3 + R3.. and so on.
Let P be the product of N1, N2, N3…

Therefore, P = N1N2N3.. = (D × Q1 + R1)(D × Q2 + R2)(D × Q3 + R3)..
= D × K + R1R2R3... where K is some number ---- (1)
In the above equation, since only the product R1R2R3… is free of D, therefore the remainder when P is divided by D
is the remainder when the product R1R2R3… is divided by D.
Let S be the sum of N1, N2, N3…
Therefore, S = (N1) + (N2) + (N3) +...
= (D × Q1 + R1) + (D × Q2 + R2) + (D × Q3 + R3)..
= D × K + R1 + R2 + R3… where K is some number--- (2)
Hence the remainder when S is divided by D is the remainder when R 1 + R2 + R3 is divided by D.
What is the remainder when the product 1998 × 1999 × 2000 is divided by 7?
Answer: the remainders when 1998, 1999, and 2000 are divided by 7 are 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
Hence the final remainder is the remainder when the product 3 × 4 × 5 = 60 is divided by 7. Therefore,
remainder = 4
What is the remainder when 22004 is divided by 7?

Answer: 22004 is again a product (2 × 2 × 2... (2004 times)). Since 2 is a number less than 7 we try to convert the
product into product of numbers higher than 7. Notice that 8 = 2 × 2 × 2. Therefore we convert the product in the
following manner- 22004 = 8668 = 8 × 8 × 8... (668 times).
The remainder when 8 is divided by 7 is 1. Hence the remainder when 8668 is divided by 7 is the remainder obtained
when the product 1 × 1 × 1... is divided by 7. Therefore, remainder = 1

Answer: This problem is like the previous one, except that 2006 is not an exact multiple of 3 so we cannot convert
it completely into the form 8x
. We will write it in following manner- 22006 = 8668 × 4.
Now, 8668 gives the remainder 1 when divided by 7 as we have seen in the previous problem. And 4 gives a
remainder of 4 only when divided by 7. Hence the remainder when 2 2006 is divided by 7 is the remainder when the
product 1 × 4 is divided by 7. Therefore, remainder = 4

Answer: Again 2525 = (18 + 7)25 = (18 + 7)(18 + 7)...25 times = 18K + 725
Hence remainder when 2525 is divided by 9 is the remainder when 725 is divided by 9.
Now 725 = 73 × 73 × 73
.. (8 times) × 7 = 343 × 343 × 343... (8 times) × 7.
The remainder when 343 is divided by 9 is 1 and the remainder when 7 is divided by 9 is 7.
Hence the remainder when 725 is divided by 9 is the remainder we obtain when the product 1 × 1 × 1... (8 times) × 7
is divided by 9. The remainder is 7 in this case. Hence the remainder when 2525 is divided by 9 is 7.
32
𝑧
Let me put up the steps for finding remainder when 𝑋 𝑌 is divided by D.
1. Divide X by D. let the remainder be r. therefore, you have to find the
𝑧
Remainder when 𝑅 𝑌 is divided by D. 32 gives a remainder 4 when divided by 7. Therefore, you are trying to
32
find the remainder when 432 is divided by 7.
2. Find a power of R that gives a remainder of + 1 or -1 with D, if you find a power that gives a remainder – 1,
twice of that power will give a remainder of +1. Now I know that 43 = 64 gives a remainder 1 when divided by
7.
3. Find the remainder when 𝑌 𝑧 is divided by that power. Here, find the remainder when 3232 is divded by 3. The
32
remainder is 1. Therefore, 3232 can be written as 3k +1 and 432 can be written as 43𝑘+1 or (43 )𝑘 x 4.
4. Now (43 ) gives a remainder 1 when divided by 7. Therefore, we need to find the remainder when 4 is divided
by7. Therefore, the remainder is 4.
SOME SPECIAL CASES:

When both the dividend and the divisor have a factor in common.
Let N be a number and Q and R be the quotient and the remainder when N is divided by the divisor D.
Hence, N = Q × D + R.
Let N = k × A and D = k × B where k is the HCF of N and D and k > 1. Hence kA = Q × kB + R.
Let Q1 and R1 be the quotient and the remainder when A is divided by B. Hence A = B × Q 1 + R1.
Putting the value of A in the previous equation and comparing we get
k(B × Q1 + R1) = Q × kB + R ➔ R = kR1.
Hence to find the remainder when both the dividend and the divisor have a factor in common,
• Take out the common factor (i.e. divide the numbers by the common factor)
• Divide the resulting dividend (A) by resulting divisor (B) and find the remainder (R1).
• The real remainder R is this remainder R1 multiplied by the common factor (k).
What the remainder when 296 is divided by 96?
The common factor between 296 and 96 is 32 = 25

.
Removing 32 from the dividend and the divisor we get the numbers 291 and 3 respectively.
The remainder when 291 is divided by 3 is 2.
Hence the real remainder will be 2 multiplied by common factor 32.
Remainder = 64
The concept of negative remainder
15 = 16 × 0 + 15 or 15 = 16 × 1 – 1.
The remainder when 15 is divided by 16 is 15 the first case and −1 in the second case. Hence, the remainder when 15 is
divided by 16 is 15 or −1.
When a number N < D gives a remainder R (= N) when divided by D, it gives a negative remainder of R − D.
For example, when a number gives a remainder of −2 with 23, it means that the number gives a remainder of 23 – 2 = 21
with 23.
Find the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402.

Answer: 752 = (74)13 = (2401)13 = (2402 - 1)13 = 2402K + (-1)13 = 2402K-1.
Hence, the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402 is equal to −1 or 2402 – 1 = 2401.
Remainder = 2401.
When dividend is of the form an + bn or an – bn
Theorem1: an + bn is divisible by a + b when n is ODD.

Theorem 2: an – bn is divisible by a + b when n is EVEN.
Theorem 3: an – bn is ALWAYS divisible by a – b.
What is the remainder when 3444 + 4333 is divided by 5?
Answer: The dividend is in the form ax + by . We need to change it into the form an + bn.
3444 + 4333 = (34 )111 + (43 )111 . Now (34 )111 + (43)111 will be divisible by 34 + 43 = 81 + 64 = 145. Since the number is
divisible by 145 it will certainly be divisible by 5. Hence, the remainder is 0.
What is the remainder when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is divided by 7?

Answer: The remainders when 5555 and 2222 are divided by 7 are 4 and 3 respectively. Hence, the problem reduces to
finding the remainder when (4)2222 + (3)5555 is divided by 7.
Now (4)2222 + (3)5555 = (42)1111 + (35)1111 = (16)1111 + (243)1111.
Now (16)1111 + (243)1111 is divisible by 16 + 243 or it is divisible by 259, which is a multiple of 7. Hence the remainder
when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is divided by 7 is zero.
202004 + 162004 – 32004 − 1 is divisible by:

(a) 317 (b) 323 (c) 253 (d) 91
Answer: 202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 32004) + (162004 – 12004). Now 202004 – 32004 is divisible by 17 (Theorem 3)
and 162004 – 12004 is divisible by 17 (Theorem 2). Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17.
202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 12004) + (162004 – 32004). Now 202004 – 12004 is divisible by 19
(Theorem 3) and 162004 – 32004 is divisible by 19 (Theorem 2). Hence the complete expression is also divisible by 19.
Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.
When f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +... is divided by x – a

The remainder when f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +.. is divided by x – a is f(a). Therefore, If f(a) = 0, (x− a) is a factor of f(x).
What is the remainder when x3 + 2x2 + 5x + 3 is divided by x + 1?
Answer: The remainder when the expression is divided by (x − (−1)) will be f(−1). Remainder = (−1)3 + 2(−1)2
+ 5(−1) + 3 = −1
If 2x3 −3x2 + 4x + c is divisible by x – 1, find the value of c.

Answer: Since the expression is divisible by x – 1, the remainder f(1) should be equal to zero ⇒ 2 – 3 + 4 + c = 0, or c =
−3.
The remainders when F(x) is divided by x - 99 and x - 19 are 19 and 99, respectively. What is the remainder when F(x) is
divided by (x - 19) (x - 99)?
Answer: F(x) = (x − 99)a + 19 --- (1) and F(x) = (x − 19)b + 99 --- (2). Multiplying (1) by (x − 19) and (2) by (x − 99) we
get
(x − 19)F(x) = (x − 99)(x − 19)a + 19(x − 19) and
(x − 99)F(x) = (x − 99)(x − 19)b + 99(x − 99)
Subtracting, we obtain:
(𝑥 − 19)(𝑥 − 99)𝑘
80F(x) = (x − 99)(x − 19)k −80x + 9440 ⇒ F(x) = – x + 118. We know from (1) and (2) that F(x) does not
80
have fractional coefficients. Therefore, k will be divisible by 80. Therefore, the remainder when F(x) is divided by (x −
99)(x − 19) is 118 − x.
Euler’s Theorem
𝑴𝚽(𝑵)
If M and N are two numbers coprime to each other, i.e. HCF(M,N) 1 and N = a p bq cr..., Remainder [ ] = 1,
𝑵
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
where 𝚽(𝑵) = N (1-𝒂) (1-𝒃) (1- 𝒄 ) … and is knows as Euler’s Totient function.. 𝚽(𝑵) is also the number of numbers
less than abc and prime

Answer: 5 and 63 are coprime to each other, therefore we can apply Euler’s theorem here.
1 1
63 = 32 × 7 ⇒ Φ(63) = (63- ) (1- ) = 36
3 7
537 536 𝑥 5
Therefore, Remainder [ 63 ] Remainder [ 63
]=5
Find the last three digits of 57802.

Answer: Many a times (not always), the quicker way to calculate the last three digits is to calculate the
remainder by 1 000. We can see that 57 and 1 000 are coprime to each other. Therefore, we can use
Euler’s theorem here if it’s useful.
1 1
1000 = 23 × 53 ⇒ φ (1000) 1000(1 - 2)(1 - 4 ) = 400
Therefore,
57400 57400 𝑥 57400 57800

Remainder [ 1000 ] = 1 ➔ Remainder [ 100
] = Remainder [ 1000 ] = 1
57802 57800 𝑥 572

Remainder [ ] Remainder [ ] = 249
1000 1000
Hence, the last two digits of 57802 are 249.
Fermat’s Theorem
If p is a prime number and N is prime to P, then Np – N is divisible by p.
What is the remainder when n7 – n is divided by 42?

Answer: Since 7 is prime, n7 – n is divisible by 7. n7 – n = n(n6 – 1) = n (n + 1)(n – 1)(n4 + n2 + 1).
Now (n – 1)(n)(n + 1) is divisible by 3! = 6. Hence n7 – n is divisible by 6 x 7 = 42. Hence the remainder is 0.
Fermat's Little Theorem

𝟏
If N in the above Euler’s theorem is a prime number, then 𝚽 (N) = N(1 - 𝑵) = N – 1. Therefore, if M and N are
𝑴𝑵−𝟏
coprime to each other and N is a prime number, Remainder [ 𝑵
]=1

Answer: 31 is a prime number therefore φ(N) = 30. 52 and 31 are prime to each other. Therefore, by Fermat’s theorem:
5230 5260
Remainder [ 31
] = 1 Remainder [ 31
]=1
Wilson’s Theorem
(𝑷 − 𝟏)! + 𝟏
If P is a prime number then [ 𝑷
] = 0. In other words, (P - 1)! + 1 is divisible by P if P is a prime number. It
also means that the remainder when (P − 1)! is divided by P is P − 1 when P is prime.
Find the remainder when 40! is divided by 41.

40!
Answer: By Wilson’s theorem, we can see that 40! + 1 is divisible by 41 ⇒ Remainder [ 41 ] = 41 – 1 = 40
Find the remainder when 39! is divided by 41.

Answer: In the above example, we saw that the remainder when 40! is divided by 41 is 40.
⇒ 40! = 41k + 40 ⇒ 40 × 39! = 41k + 40.
The R.H.S. gives remainder 40 with 41 therefore L.H.S. should also give remainder 40 with 41. L.H.S. = 40 × 39! where
40 gives remainder 40 with 41.
Therefore, 39! should give remainder 1 with 41.
Chinese Remainder Theorem

This is a very useful result. It might take a little time to understand and master Chinese remainder theorem completely but
once understood, it is an asset.
If a number N = a × b, where a and b are prime to each other, i.e., hcf(a, b) = 1, and M is a number such that
𝑀 𝑀 𝑀
Remainder[ 𝑎 ] = r1 and Remainder[ 𝑏 ] = r2 then Remainder[ 𝑁 ] = ar2 + br1 y, where ax + by = 1
Confused?
Following example will make it clear.

Answer: 77 = 11 × 7.
3101 310
By Fermat’s little theorem, 7
= 1 AND Remainder 11
=1
3101 396 𝑥 35 (36 )16 𝑥 35 1 𝑥 35
Remainder 7
= Remainder [ 7
] = Remainder[ 7
] = Remainder 7
= 5 = r1
3101 3100 𝑥 3 (310)10 𝑥 3 1𝑥3

Remainder 11
= Remainder [ 11
] = Remainder[ 11
] = Remainder 11
= 3 = r2
Now we will find x and y such that 7x + 11y = 1. By observation we can find out, x = −3 and y = 2.
3101
Now we can say that Remainder [ 77
] = 7 x 3 x -3 + 11 x 5 x 2 = 47
Some Special Problems:
Find the remainder when 123456789101112……..40 is divided by 36.

Answer: 36 = 9 × 4. Therefore, we first find the remainders when this number is divided by 9 and 4.
The remainder by 9 would be the remainder when the sum of digits is divided by 9. Sum of digits = 4 × (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
… + 9) + 10 × (1 + 2 + 3) + 4 = 180 + 60 + 4 = 244 ⇒ remainder by 9 = 1.
The remainder by 4 would be the remainder when the last two digits are divided by 4 ⇒ remainder by 4= 0.
Therefore, to find the remainder we need to find the smallest multiple of 4 that gives remainder 1 with
9. The smallest such number = 28. Therefore, remainder = 28.
Find the remainder when 112123123412345…12345678 is divided by 36.

Answer: 36 = 9 × 4. Therefore, we first find the remainders when this number is divided by 9 and 4.
The remainder by 9 would be the remainder when the sum of digits is divided by 9. Sum of digits = 1 × 8 + 2 × 7 + 3 × 6
+ … + 8 × 1 = 120 ⇒ remainder by 9 = 3.
The remainder by 4 would be the remainder when the last two digits are divided by 4 ⇒ remainder by 4 = 2.
The overall remainder would be the smallest number that gives remainder 3 with 9 and remainder 2 with 4. Therefore, the
number would satisfy the equation 9a + 3 = 4b + 2 ⇒ 4b − 9a = 1 ⇒ (a, b) = (3, 7) and the number = 30. Therefore,
remainder = 30.
Let n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × … × n for integer n ≥ 1. If p = 1! + (2 × 2!) + (3 × 3!) + … + (10 × 10!), then p+2 when divided by
11! leaves a remainder of (CAT 2005)
1. 10 2. 0 3. 7 4. 1
Answer: Nth term of the series = n × n! = (n + 1 − 1) × n! = (n + 1)! − n!
Therefore, p = 2! − 1! + 3! − 2! + 4! − 3! + … + 11! − 10! = 11! − 1! ⇒ p + 2 = 11! + 1 ⇒ remainder by 11! = 1

Find the remainder when 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + … + 98 × 99 + 99 × 100 is divided by 101.
Answer: Nth term of the series = n × (n + 1) = n2 + n.
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2) 99 𝑥 100 𝑥 101

Therefore, sum of the series ∑(𝑛2 + 𝑛) = 6
+ 2
= 6
= 6
➔ remainder by 101 = 0.
A number when divided by 8 leaves remainder 3 and quotient Q. The number when divided by 5 leaves remainder 2
and quotient Q + 8. What is the number?
Answer: Let the number be N ⇒ N = 8Q + 3 and N = 5(Q + 8) + 2 = 5Q + 42 8Q + 3 = 5Q + 42 ⇒ Q = 13 ⇒ N = 107
Find the largest natural number that divides 364, 414, and 539 and leaves the same remainder in each case.
Answer: Let the divisor be D and the remainder be R. Therefore, 364 = Da + R, 414 = Db + R, 539 = Dc + R
Subtracting first equation from the second and the second equation from the third we get
50 = D (b − a) and 125 = D (c − b). As D is the common factor in RHS of both the equation, it should be the common
factor on the LHS of both the equation. The HCF of 50 and 125 is 25. Therefore, the highest number can be 25.
What is the remainder when ⏟

11111. . .11111 is divided by 243 ?
243 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Answer: It can be proved that a number formed by writing any single digit 3n times will be divisible by 3n. This is left to
students to check it out.
How many numbers between 1 and 1000 are there such that n2 + 3n + 5 is divisible by 121?
Answer: 0 values. n2 + 3n + 5 = (n - 4)(n + 7) + 33. Now, 33 is divisible by 11 but not 121. n + 7 and n - 4 are two
numbers with a difference of 11, therefore either both are divisible by 11 or both are not divisible by 11. If both are
divisible by 11, their product is divisible by 121 but 33 is divisible only by 11 therefore the expression is not divisible by
121. If both are not divisible by 11, the expression is again not divisible by 121.
Find the remainder when 139 + 239 + 339 + 439 + ... + 1239 is divided by 39.
Answer: 1p + 2p + 3p + … np is divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n if p is odd. Therefore, remainder = 0 as 1 + 2 + 3 + … +
12 = 78 which is a factor of 13.
Divisors of a Number
Divisors: For a natural number N, all the numbers, including 1 and N itself, which divide N completely are called
divisors of N.
Example: The number 24 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24. Hence all these numbers are divisors of 24.
How to find the number of divisors of a number:

Let us the find the number of divisors of 60.
60 = 22 × 3 × 5.
Any divisors of 60 will have powers of 2 equal to either 20 or 21 or 22.

Similarly, any divisor of 60 will have powers of 3 equal to either 30 or 31, and powers of 5 equal to either 50 or 51
To make a divisor of 60, we will have to choose a power of 2, a power of 3 and a power of 5. A power of 2 can be chosen
in 3 ways out of 20 or 21, or 22. Similarly, a power of 3 can be chosen in 2 ways and a power of 5 can be chosen in 2 ways.
Therefore, the number of divisors = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12.
Notice that we have added 1 each to powers of 2, 3 and 5 and multiplied.
Now for the formula:

Let N be a composite number such that N = (x) a(y)b(z)c.. where x, y, z.. are prime factors. Then, the
number of divisors of N = (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)..
If N is Natural number, N has 4 factors, and summation of factors excluding N is 31, how many values for N are
possible?
Answer:
Let N be a composite number such that N = (2)a (y)b(z)c.. where y, z.. are prime factors. Then, the number of even divisors
of N = (a)(b + 1)(c + 1) and number of odd divisors of N = (b + 1)(c + 1)
3. How many divisors of 21600 are perfect squares?

Answer: In a perfect square, all the prime factors have even powers. For example, 25 × 68 will not be a perfect
square as the power of 2 is odd whereas 24 × 68 will be a perfect square because all the prime factors have even powers.
21600 = 25 × 33 × 52 therefore, all the divisors made by even powers of 2, 3 and 5 will be perfect squares.
The even powers of 2 are 20, 22, 24, even powers of 3 are 30 and 32, and even powers of 5 are 50 and 52 We can select an
even power of 2 in 3 ways, even power of 3 in 2 ways, and even power of 5 in 2 ways. Therefore, the number of
combinations = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12.
Let N be a composite number such that N = (x)a(y)b(z)c.. where x, y, z.. are prime factors. Then, the sum of divisors of N =
𝑥 𝑎+1 𝑦 𝑏+1 𝑧 𝑐+1
𝑥−1
x 𝑦−1
x 𝑧−1
…..
4. What is the sum of divisors of 60?

23 −1 32 −1 52−
Answer: 60 = 22 × 3 × 5 ⇒ Sum of the divisors = 2−1
x
3−1
x
5−1
= 168
5. Find the sum of even divisors of 25 × 35 × 54

Answer: All the even divisors of the number will have powers of 2 equal to one of 2, 2 2, 23, 24, or 25.
Therefore, sum of even divisors = (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25) × (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35) × (1 + 5 + 52+ 53 + 54)
2(25−1) 36 −1 55−1
= x x = 17625608
2−1 3−1 5−1
6. A positive integer is bold if it has 8 positive divisors that sum up to 3240. For example, 2006 is bold because its 8
positive divisors, 1, 2, 17, 34, 59, 118, 1003 and 2006, sum up to 3240. Find the smallest positive bold number.
Answer: If a number has 8 divisors it can be of the forms a7, ab3, or abc, where a, b and c are prime numbers. The sum of
the divisors in each case is given below:
Type of
a7 ab3 abc
Number
𝑎8 − 1 𝑎 2−1 𝑏 4 −1 𝑎 2−1 𝑏 2 −1
Sum = 3240
𝑎−1
x 𝑏−1
= (a+1) (b3 +b2 + 1) 𝑎−1
x 𝑏−1
= (a+1) (b + 1) (c + 1)
𝑎−1
1614 = (2+1) (3+1)(269+1),
Examples None None 1790 = (2+1)(5+1)(179+1),
1958 = (2+1)(11+1)(89+1)
Therefore, 1614 is the smallest bold number.

Let N be a composite number such that N = (x)a(y)b(z)c.. where x, y, z.. are prime factors. Then, the product of divisors of
(𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1) (𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1)
N = (n) 2
= (xaybzc) 2
What is the product of divisors of 60?

3𝑥2𝑥2
Answer: 60 = 22 × 3 × 5 ⇒ product of divisors of 60 = (60) 2 = 606 = 212 x 36 x 56
7. Let A = set of all divisors of 8100 and B = set of all divisors of 21600. What is the product of the elements of AUB?
Answer: 8100 = 22 × 34 × 52 and 21600 = 25 × 33 × 52. AUB will have all the divisors of 8100 and 21600 with the
common divisors written only once. Therefore, these common divisors will be multiplied only once. The common divisors
will come from 22 × 33 × 52 and are 36 in number. Their product will be (22 × 33 × 52)18 = 236 × 354 × 536
Required product=
45
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 8100 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 21600 (22 𝑥 34 𝑥 52 ) 2 𝑥 (25 𝑥 33 𝑥 52 )36
= = 2189 x 3144 x 581
product of common divisors 36 54 36 235 236 𝑥 354 𝑥 536
Let N be a composite number such that N = (x)a(y)b(z)c.. where x, y, z.. are prime factors.
If N is not a perfect square, then, the number of ways N can be written as a product of two numbers
(𝑎 + 1)(𝑏 +1)(𝑐 + 1) 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠
= =
2 2
If N is a perfect square, then, the number of ways N can be written as a product of two numbers
(𝑎 + 1)(𝑏 +1)(𝑐 + 1)+1 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠+1
= =
2 2
REMEMBER! A perfect square has odd number of factors. In other words, any number which has odd number of
factors is a perfect square.
For example, the divisors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60. Now,
60 = 1 × 60 = 2 × 30 = 3 × 20 = 4 × 15 = 5 × 12 = 6 × 10. Therefore, divisors occur in pairs for numbers which are not
perfect squares.
The divisors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36.

36 = 1 × 36 = 2 × 18 = 3 × 12 = 4 × 9 = 6 × 6. Therefore, divisors occur in pairs except for the square root for numbers
which are perfect squares.
N is a composite number with an even number of factors. Consider the following statement
I: N has a factor lying between 1 and √𝑁
II: N has a factor lying between √𝑁 and N
Which of the following options is true?
A. Both I and II are true
B. I is true but II is false
C. I is false but II is true
D. Both I and II are false
Answer: Since N is a composite number, it has more than two factors. Since N has even number of factors, it is NOT a
perfect square and therefore it has at least one factor lying between 1 and √𝑁 and one factor lying between N and√𝑁.
Therefore, option [A].
How many ordered pairs of integers, (x, y) satisfy the equation xy = 110?
Answer: 110 = 2 × 5 × 11. Hence, the number of divisors of 110 is = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. Hence, the number of positive ordered
pairs of x and y = 8 (as (2, 55) is not same as (55, 2)). Also, since we are asked for integers, the pair consisting of two
negative integers will also suffice. Hence the total number of ordered pairs = 2 × 8 = 16.
The number of ways in which a composite number can be resolved into two factors which are prime to each other = 2n –
1, where n is the number of different prime factors of the number.
For example, let the number N = 210 × 37 × 56 × 74. We have to assign these prime factors and their powers to one of the
two factors. As the two factors will be prime to each other, we will have to assign a prime factor with its power (for
example 210) completely to one of the factors. For every prime factor, we have two ways of assigning it. Therefore, the
16
total number of ways = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16. As we are not looking for ordered pairs, the required number of ways = 2 = 8.
Number of numbers less than or prime to a given number:
If N is a natural number such that N = ap × bq × cr, where a, b, c are different prime factors and p, q, r are positive integers,
1 1 1
then the number of positive integers less than and prime to N = (1 − 𝑎) (1 − 𝑏) (1 − 𝑐 ). Therefore,
1 1 1
N(1 − 𝑎) (1 − 𝑏) (1 − 𝑐 ) number have no factor in common with N.
Unit’s Digit
To find the units digit of xy we only consider the units digits of the number x.
To calculate units digit of 237234 we only consider the units digit of 237. Hence, we find the units digit of 7 234.
To find the units digit of a × b, we only consider the units digits of the numbers a and b.
To calculate units digit of 233 × 254, we only consider the units digit of 233 and 254 i.e. 3 and 4, respectively. Hence, we
find the units digit of 3 x 4, respectively.
To calculate units digit of xy where x is a single digit number
To calculate units digit of numbers in the form xy such 7253, 893, 374 etc.
Case 1: When y is NOT a multiple of 4
We find the remainder when y is divided by 4. Let y = 4q + r where r is the remainder when y is divided by 4, and
0 < r < 4. The units digit of xy is the units digit of xr
Case 2: When y is a multiple of 4

We observe the following conditions:
Even numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 when raised to powers which are multiple of 4 give the units digit as 6.
Odd numbers 3, 7, and 9 when raised to powers which are multiple of 4 give the units digit as 1.
8. Find the units digit of 733.

Answer: The remainder when 33 is divided by 4 is 1. Hence the units digit of 733 is the unit digit of 71 =7
9. Find the units digit of 4347.

Answer: The units digit of 4347 can be found by finding the units digit of 347. 47 gives a remainder of 3 when divided by
4. Hence units digit = units digit of 33 = 7
10. Find the units digit of 2828 – 2424.

Answer: We have to find the units digit of 828 – 424. Since 28 and 24 are both multiples of 4, the units digits of both 8 28
and 424 will be 6. Hence the units digit of the difference will be 0.
11. Find the units digit of 4343 – 2222.

Answer: Units digit of 4343 is 7 and units digit of 2222 is 4. Hence the units digit of the expression will be 7 – 4 = 3.
3
12. Find the units digit of 33
Answer: Again, we find the remainder when the power is divided by 4. Therefore, we find the remainder when 3 3 is
divided by 4. Now, 33 = 27, remainder by 4 = 3.
3
Therefore, units digit of 33 = units digit of 33 = 7.
1317
13. Find the units digit of 711 .
Answer: Again, we find the remainder when the power is divided by 4. Therefore, we find the remainder when
17
1113 is divided by 4. Now 11 = 12 − 1 ⇒ Remainder [11Odd] = Remainder[(−1)Odd] = −1 = 3.
1317
Therefore, units digit of 711 = units digit of 73 = 3.
14. Find the units digit of 13 + 23 + 33 + … + 983 + 993

Answer: Unit digit of 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93 are 1, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, and 9, respectively. The sum of these units
digits gives a unit digit of 5. Now these units digit will repeat 10 times each. Therefore, units digit of the sum = 5 × 10 =
0.
Last Two Digits

Before we start, let me mention binomial theorem in brief as we will need it for our calculations.
𝒏!
(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝒏 𝑪𝟎 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒏 𝑪𝟏 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒏 𝑪𝟐 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒏 𝑪𝒓 =
𝒓! (𝒏 − 𝒓)!
Last two digits of numbers ending in 1

Let’s start with an example.
What are the last two digit of 𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟔?

Solution: 31786 = (30 + 1)786 = 786 𝐶0 × 1786 + 786 𝐶1 × 1785 × (30) + 786 𝐶2 × 1784 × 302 + ⋯, Note that all the
terms after the second term will end in two or more zeroes. The first two terms are 786 𝐶0 × 1786 and 786 𝐶1 × 1785 ×
(30). Now, the second term will end with one zero and the tens digit of the second term will be the product of 786 and 3
i.e., 8. Therefore, the last two digit of the second term will be 80. The last digit of the first term is 1. So the last two digits
of 31786 are 81.
Now, here is the shortcut:

Multiply the tens digit of the number (3 here) with the last digit of the exponent (6 here) to get the tens digit. The units
digit is equal to one.
Here are some more examples:
Find the last two digits of 412789

In no time at all you can calculate the answer to be 61(4 × 9 = 36. Therefore, 6 will be the tens digit and one will be the
units digit)
Find the last two digit of 7156747

Last two digits will be 91 (7 × 7 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)
Now try to get the answer to this question within 10s:
Find the last two digits of 𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟔 × 𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟕

The last two digits of 51456 will be 01 and the last two digits of 61567 will be 21. Therefore, the last two digits of
51456 × 61567 will be the last two digits of 01 × 21 = 21
Last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7 or 9
Find the last two digits of 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟔 .

19266 = (192 )133 . Now, 192 ends in 61(192 = 361) therefore, we need to find the last two digits of (61)133 .
Once the number is ending in 1 we can straight away get the last two digits with the help of the previous method. The last
two digits are 81(6 × 3 = 18, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 1)
Find the last two digits of 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟖𝟖 .

33288 = (334 )72 . Now 334 ends in 21(334 = 332 × 332 = 1089 × 1089 = xxxxx21) therefore, we need to find the
last two digits of 2172 . By the previous method, the last two digits of 2172 = 41 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 = 2 × 2 = 4, 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 =
1)
So here’s the rule for finding the last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7 and 9:
Convert the number till the number gives 1 as the last digit and then find the last two digits according to the previous
method.
Now try the method with a number ending in 7:
Find the last two digits of 𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟕𝟒 .

87474 = 87472 × 872 = (874 )118 × 872 = (69 × 69)118 × 69 (The last two digits of 872 are 69) = 61118 × 69 =
81 × 69 = 89
If you understood the method then try your hands on these questions:
Find the last two digits of:

1. 27456
2. 7983
3. 583512
Last two digits of number ending in 2, 4, 6 or 8
There is only one even two-digit number which always ends in itself (last two digits) – 76 i.e. 76 raised to any power
gives the last two digits as 76. Therefore, our purpose is to get 76 as last two digits for even numbers. We know that 242
ends in 76 and 210 ends in 24. Also, 24 raised to an even power always ends with 76 and 24 raised to an odd power
always ends with 24. Therefore, 2434 will end in 76 and 2453 will end in 24.
Find the last two digits of 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟑 .

2543 = (210 )54 × 23 = (24)54 (24 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) × 23 = 76 × 8 = 80
(Note: Here if you need to multiply 76 with 2𝑛 , then you can straightaway write the last two digits of 2𝑛 because when 76
is multiplied with 2𝑛 the last two digits remain the same as the last two digits of 2𝑛 . Therefore, the last two digits of
76 × 27 will be the last two digits of 27 = 28. Note that this fund works only for powers of 2 ≥ 2)
Same method we can use for any number which is of the form 2𝑛 . Here is an example:
Find the last two digits of 𝟔𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟔

64236 = (26 )236 = 21416 = (210 )141 × 26 = 24141 (24 raised to odd power) × 64 = 24 × 64 = 36
Now those numbers which are not in the form of 2n can be broken down into the form 2𝑛 × 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟. We can find
the last two digits of both the parts separately.
Here are some examples:
Find the last two digits of 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟔 .

62586 = (2 × 31)586 = 2586 × 3586 = (210 )58 × 26 × 31586 = 76 × 64 × 81 = 84
Find the last two digits of 𝟓𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟎 .

54380 = (2 × 33 )380 = 2380 × 31140 = (210 )38 × (34 )285 = 76 × 81285 = 76 × 01 = 76.
Find the last two digits of 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟑 .

56283 = (23 × 7)283 = 2849 × 7283 = (210 )84 × 29 × (74 )70 × 73 = 76 × 12 × (01)70 × 43 = 16
Find the last two digits of 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟗 .

78379 = (2 × 39)379 = 2379 × 39379 = (210 )37 × 29 × (392 )189 × 39 = 24 × 12 × 81 × 39 = 92
Divisibility
Divisibility by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32..
A number is divisible by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,.. 2𝑛 when the number formed by the last one, two, three, four, five… n digits
is divisible by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,.. 2𝑛 respectively.
Example: 1246384 is divisible by 8 because the number formed by the last three digits i.e., 384 is divisible by 8. The
number 89764 is divisible by 4 because the number formed by the last two digits, 64 is divisible by 4.
A 101 digit number is formed by writing first 55 natural numbers next to each other. Find the remainder when the
number is divided by 16.
Answer: to find remainder by 16 we only divide the number formed by the last 4 digits by 16. The last 4 digits
would be 5455⇒ remainder by 16 = 15.
Divisibility by 3 and 9
A number is divisible by 3 or 9 when the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 3 or 9 respectively.
Example: 313644 is divisible by 3 because the sum of the digits:- 3 + 1 + 3 + 6 + 4 + 4 = 21 is divisible by 3.
The number 212364 is divisible by 9 because the sum of the digit:- 2 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 4 = 18 is divisible by 9.
The six – digit number 73A998 is divisible by 6. How many values of A are possible?
Answer: Since the number is ending in an even digit, the number is divisible by 2. To find divisibility by 3, we need
to consider sum of the digits of the number. The sum of the digits = 7 + 3 + 𝐴 + 9 + 9 + 8 = 36 + 𝐴.
For the number to be divisible by 3, the sum of the digits should be divisible by 3. Hence A can take values equal to
0, 3, 6, and 9. Therefore, number of values possible = 4
Divisibily by 6, 12, 14, 15, 18..

Whenever we have to check the divisibility of number N by a composite number C, the number N should be
divisible by all the prime factors (highest power of every prime factor) present in C.
Divisibility by 6: the number should be divisible by both 2 and 3.
Base System
Suppose you have a 1000 L tank to be filled with water. The buckets that are available to you all have sizes that are
powers of 3, i.e., 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, and 729 L. Which buckets do you use to fill the tank in the minimum possible
time?
You will certainly tell me that the first bucket you will use is of 729L. That will leave 271 L of the tank still empty.
The next few buckets you will use will 243L, 27L and 1L. The use of buckets can be shown as below.
We can say that 1000 = 729 + 243 + 27 + 1

= 1 × 36 + 1 × 35 + 0 × 34 + 1 × 33 + 0 × 32 + 0 × 31 + 0 × 30 .
The number 1000 has been written in increasing powers of 3. Therefore, 3 is known as the ‘base’ in which we are
expressing 1000.
For example, The number 7368 can be written as 8 + 6 × 10 + 3 × (10)2 + 7 × (10)3.
The number 10 is called the ‘base’ in which this number was written.
Let a number abcde be written in base p, where a, b, c, d and e are single digits less than p. The value of the number
abcde = 𝑒 + 𝑑 × 𝑝 + 𝑐 × 𝑝 2 + 𝑏 × 𝑝 3 + 𝑎 × 𝑝 4
For example, if the number 7368 is written in base 9,

The value of (7368)9 = 8 + 6 × 9 + 3 × 92 + 7 × 93 = 5408 (this value is in base 10).
There are two kinds of operations associated with conversion of bases:
Conversion from any base to base ten

The number (𝑝𝑞𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑢)𝑏 is converted to base 10 by finding the value of the number. i.e., (𝑝𝑞𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑢)𝑏 = 𝑢 + 𝑡𝑏 + 𝑠𝑏2 +
𝑟𝑏3 + 𝑞𝑏4 + 𝑝𝑏5 .
Convert (21344)5 to base 10.

Answer: (21344)5 = 4 + 4 × 5 + 3 × 25 + 1 × 125 + 2 × 625 = 1474
Conversion from base 10 to any base

A number written in base 10 can be converted to any base ‘b’ by first dividing the number by ‘b’, and then
successively dividing the quotients by ‘b’. The remainders, written in reverse order, give the equivalent number in
base ‘b’.
Write the number 25 in base 4.
Writing the remainders in reverse order the number 25 in base 10 is the number 121 in base 4.
Addition, subtraction and multiplication in bases:

Add the numbers (4235)7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2354)7
Answers: The numbers are written as
4 2 3 5
2 3 5 4
The addition of 5 and 4 (at the units place) is 9, which being more than 7 would be written as 9 = 7 × 1 + 2. The
Quotient is 1 and written is 2. The Remainder is placed at the units place of the answer and the Quotient gets carried
over to the ten’s place. We obtain
+1 +1
4 2 3 5
2 3 5 4
6 6 2 2
At the tens place: 3 + 5 + 1 (carry) = 9

Similar procedure is to be followed when multiply numbers in the same base
Multiply (43)8 × (67)8

Answer:
7 × 3 = 21 = 8 × 2 + 5 ⇒ we write 5 and carry 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
7 × 4 + 2 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦) = 30 = 8 × 3 + 6 we write 6 and carry 3 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
6 × 3 = 18 = 8 × 2 + 2 ⇒ we write 2 and carry 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒(8)
6 × 4 + 2(𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦) = 26 = 8 × 3 + 2 ⇒ we write 2 and carry 3 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
(4 3)8
(6 7)8
365
322
3605
For subtraction the procedure is same for any ordinary subtraction in base 10 except for the fact that whenever we
need to carry to the right we carry the value equal to the base.
Subtract 45026 from 51231 in base 7.

Answer:
5 1 2 3 1
- 4 5 0 2 6
3 2 0 2
In the units column since 1 is smaller than 6, we carry the value equal to the base from the number on the left. Since
the base is 7 we carry 7. Now, 1 + 7 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 − 6 = 2. Hence we write 2 in the units column. We proceed the
same way in the rest of the columns.
Important rules about bases

A number in base N is divisible by N – 1 when the sum of the digits of the number in base N is divisible by N – 1.
When the digits of a k – digit number 𝑁1 , written in base N are rearranged in any order to form a new k – digit number 𝑁2 , the
difference 𝑁1 − 𝑁2 is divisible by N – 1.
If a number has even number of digits in base N, the number is divisible by base 𝑁 + 1 if the digits equidistant from each end
are the same, i.e., the number is a palindrome.
The number 35A246772 is in base 9. This number is divisible by 8. Find the value of digit A.
Answer: The number will be divisible by 8 when the sum of the digits is divisible by 8.
Sum of digits = 3 + 5 + 𝐴 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 7 + 2 = 36 + 𝐴. The sum will be divisible by 8 when A = 4.
A four – digit number 𝑁1 is written in base 13. A new four – digit number 𝑁2 is formed by rearranging the digit of
𝑁1 in any order. Then the difference 𝑁1 − 𝑁2 is divisible by
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 13
Answer: The difference is divisible by 13 − 1 = 12.
In what base is the equation 53 × 15 = 732 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑?

Answer: Let the base be b. (53)𝑏 = 3 + 5𝑏, (15)𝑏 = 𝑏 + 5, (732)𝑏 = 7𝑏2 + 3𝑏 + 2
⇒ (3 + 5𝑏) × (𝑏 + 5) = 7𝑏2 + 3𝑏 + 2 ⇒ 𝑏 = 13.
A positive whole number M less than 100 is represented in base 2 notation, base 3 notation, and base 5 notation. It is
found that in all three cases the last digit is 1, while in exactly two out of the three cases the leading digit is 1. Then
M equals.
Answer: Whenever we change a number from base 10 to any other base, the units digit is the first remainder when
the number is divided by that base. Therefore, M when divided by 2, 3 and 5 gives remainder 1 in each case. LCM of
2, 3 and 5 is 30. Therefore, 𝑀 = 30𝑘 + 1 = 31, 61 𝑎𝑛𝑑 91. Out of these 3 numbers, only the number 91 satisfies the
second criterion of leading digit (last remainder).
Exercise – 01
Unit Digit
1. If x is an even number, then x4n, where n is a positive integer, will always have
(a) zero in the unit's place (b) 6 in the unit's place
(c) either 0 or 6 in the unit's place (d) None of these
2. Find the units digit of the expression 256251 + 36528 + 7354.

(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
3. Find the unit digit of

1324 × 6857 + 2413 × 5768 + 1234 + 5678.
4. The last digit of the following expression is:

(1!)1 + (2!)2 + (3!)3 + (4 !)4 + ... + (10!)10
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
5. Find the unit digit of 36 × 47 × 63 ×74 × 62 × 95.
6. Find the unit digit of (12)78 .
7. Find the unit digit of the product, of all the odd prime numbers.
8. In the product 459 × 46 × 28𝑥 × 484, the digit in the unit place is 8. The digit to come in place of x is
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) None of these
9. The digit in the unit's place of [(251)98 + (21)29 – (106)100 + (705)35 – 164 + 259] is
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
10. Find the unit digit of the product of all the elements of the set which consists all the prime numbers greater than 2 but less
than 222.
11. Find the last digit of the expression :

12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ⋯ + 1002 .
12. Find the unit digit of 123 + 345 + 780 + 65 + 44.?
13. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer
List I List II (Product) (Digit in the unit's place)
A. (1827)16 (1) 1
B. (2153)19 (2) 3
C. (5129)21 (3) 5
(4) 7
(5) 9
ABC ABC ABC ABC
(a) 1 4 3 (b) 4 2 3 (c) 1 4 5 (d) 4 2 5
14. 67 × 35 × 45 + 91 × 42 × 33 × 81
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 8
1 2000
15. The last digit in the decimal representation of (5) is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
16. 432 × 532 + 532 × 974 + 537 × 531 + 947 × 997

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 8
17. 8243 × 8344 × 8497 × 8698 × 87105 × 8894

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 8
18. The last digit of the number obtained by multiplying the numbers 81 × 82 × 83 × 84 × 85 × 86 × 87 × 88 × 89 will
be
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 2
19. The last 5 digits of the following expression will be

(1!)5 + (2!)4 + (3!)3 + (4!)2 + (5!)1 + (10!)5 + (100!)4 + (1000!)3 + (10000!)2 + (100000!)
(a) 45939 (b) 00929 (c) 20929 (d) can't be determined
20. 67 × 37 × 43 × 91 × 42 × 33 × 42
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 4
21. 1255/311 + 848/1618 will give the digit at-units place as

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0
22. Unit's digit in (784)126 + (784)127 is

(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
23. The digit in the unit's place of the product (2464)1793 × (615)317 × (131)491 is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
24. Find the last digit of the number 13 + 23+ 33 + 43... + 993
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
25. Find the units digit of the expression 111 + 122 + 133 + 144 + 15s + 166.
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 0
26. Find the unit of 676 × 543 × 19.
27. Find the unit digit of 135 × 361 × 970.
28. Find the unit digit of 235 .
29. Find the unit digit of (33)123.
30. Find the unit digit of 347 + 752.
31. Find the unit digit of 111! (factorial 111).
32. Find the unit digit of the product of all the prime number between 1 and (11)11.
33. Find the last digit of 222888 + 888222.
34. Find the unit digit of 11 + 22 + 33 + … 1010.
35. Find the unit digit of the expression

8889235! + 2229235! + 6662359! + 9999999!.
36. 67 × 35 × 43 × 91 × 47 × 33 × 49
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 5 (d) 6
37. 67 × 35 × 45 + 91 × 42 × 33 × 82
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 0 (d) 5
38. (52)97 × (43)72

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 4
39. (55)75 × (93)175 × (107)275

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 0
40. (173)45 × (152)77 × (777)999

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6
41. Find the last digit of the number 12 + 22 +...+ 992.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
42. Find the units digit of the expression 55725 + 735810 + 22853.
(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
43. Find the units digit of the expression 11'.122.133. 144.155.166.

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 0
44. The unit digit in the expression 36234*33512*39180 − 5429*25123*31512 will be

(a) 8 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
45. The unit's digit of 132003 is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
46. The digit in the unit's place of the number 123" is

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 8
47. The digit in the unit's place of the number (67)25 – 1 must be
48. The unit's digit in the product 274 × 318 × 577 × 313 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
49. The digit in the unit place of the number represented by (795 – 358) is
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
50. If m and n are positive integers, then the digit in the unit's place of 5n + 6m is always
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) n + m
Number System Exercise – 01/Unit Digit

Solutions
1. (c)
2. (b) The units digit would be given by 5 + 6 + 9 (numbers ending in 5 and 6 would always end in 5 and 6 irrespective of the
power and 354 will give a units digit equivalent to 34n+2 which would give us a unit digit of 32 i.e.9).
3. The unit digit of 324 is 1

The unit digit of 857 is 8
The unit digit of 7 68 is 1
So the resultant value of the unit digits
= 1×8+4×1+4+8
= 8 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 24
Thus the unit digit of the whole expression is 4.
4. The unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the sum of the unit digits of every term of the expression.
Now,
The unit digit of (1!)2 = 1
The unit digit of (2!)2= 4

Thus the last digit of the (7!)7, (8!)8, (9!)9, (10 !)10 will be zero. So, the unit digit of the given expression = 7
(∵ 1 + 4 + 6 + 6 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 17)
5. The unit digit of 36 is 9

Therefore the unit digit of the given expression is 6, (since 9 × 4 × 6 × 1 × 4 × 9 = 7776
6. The unit digit of (12)78 will be same as (2)78. Now since we know that the cyclic period of unit digit of 2 is 4. The remainder
when 78 is divided by 4 is 2. Hence the unit digit of 278 will be same as 22 which is 4. Thus the unit digit of 1278 is 4.
7. The prime numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19...etc.

Now we know that if 5 is multiplied by any odd number it always gives the last digit 5. So the required unit digit will be 5.
8. (a)
9. (b)
10. The set of required prime number = {3, 5, 7, 11, . . . }

Since there is no any even number in the set so when 5 will multiply with any odd number, it will always give 5 as the last digit.
Hence the unit digit will be 5.
11. Solution……………… 0 (zero).
12. We can find the unit digit just by adding the unit digits 3, 5, 0, 5, 4 as
3 + 5 + 0 + 5 + 4 = 17
So the unit digit (or the last digit) of the resultant value of the expression 123 + 345 + 780 + 65 + 44 will be 7. (you can
verify it by doing the whole sum)
13. (c)
14. (c)
1 2000
15. ( 5) = (0.2)2000 .
Last digit of (0.2)2000 = Last digit of (0.2)4 = 6.
16. (d)
17. (b)
18. (a) The units digit in this case would be ‘0’ because the given expression has a pair of 2 and 5 in it’s prime factors.
19. (b) The last digit of (1!)5 = 1

The last digit of (2!)4 = 16
The last 5 digit of (10!)5 = 00000
The last 5 digit of (100!)4 = 00000
(1000!)3 = 00000
(10000!)2 = 00000
(100000!)1 = 00000
Thus the last 5 digits of the given expression = 00929
[∵ 1 + 16 + 216 + 576 + 120 + 00000 + 00000+ 00000 + 00000 + 00000 = 00929]
20. (d) The unit digit would be given by the units digit of the multiplication of 4 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 4
1255
21. (d) 311
= 344 . 455 → 4 as units place.
Similarly, 848 /1618 = 272 → 6 as the unit place.
Hence, 0 is the answer.
22. (a)
23. (a)
24. (a)
25. (b) The respective units digits for the six parts of the expression would be:
1 + 4 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 6 + = 29 → required answer is 9. Option (b) is correct.
26. We can find the unit digit of the product of the given expression just by multiplying the unit digits (6, 3, 9) instead of
doing the whole sum.
Thus 6 × 3 × 9 = 162
Hence, the unit digit of the product of the given expression will be 2, (you can verify it by doing the complete sum)
27. The unit digit can be obtained by multiplying the unit digits 5, 1, 0. then 5 × 1 × 0 = 0 thus the unit digit will be zero.
28. Answer……….. is 8.
29. Since we know that the unit digit of (33)123 will be same as (3)123. Now the unit-digit of 3123 will be 7 since it will be
equal to the unit digit of 33.
Thus the unit digit of (3)123 is 7.
30. The unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the sum of the unit digits of both the terms
individually.
Now, unit digit of 347 is 7 (since it will be equal to 33) and the unit digit of 752 is 1 (since it will be equal to 74)
Thus the unit digit of 347 + 752 is 7 + 1 = 8.
31. 111! = = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × … × 110 × 111

Since there is a product of 5 and 2 hence it will give zero as the unit digit.
Hence the unit digit of 111! is 0 (zero).
32. The set of prime number 𝑆 = {2, 3,5, 7,11,13, . . . }

Since there is one 5 and one 2 which gives 10 after multiplying mutually, it means the unit digit will be zero.
33. The last digit of the expression will be same as the last digit of 2888 + 8222 .
Now the last digit of 2888 is 6 and the last digit of the 8222 is 4.
Thus the last digit of 2888 + 8222 is 0 (zero), since 6 + 4 = 10.
34. The unit digit of 11 = 1

The unit digit of 22 = 4
Thus the unit digit of the given expression will be 7: (∵ 1 + 4 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 6 + 3 + 6 + 9 = 47)
35. First of all we find the unit digit individually of all the four terms,
So, the unit digit of 8889235! is equal to the unit digit of 89235!
Now, the unit digit of 89235! is equal to the unit of 84 (since 9235! is divisible by 4), which is 6.
36. (c)
37. (b)
38. (a)
39. (c)
40. (c)
41. (a)
42. (c) The respective units digit for the three parts of the expression would be:
5 + 9 + 2 = 16 → required answer is 6. Option (c) is correct.
43. (d) The respective unit digits for the six parts of the expression would be:
1 × 4 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 6 → required answer is 0. Option (d) is correct.
44. (c) It can be seen that the first expression is larger than the second one. Hence, the required answer would be given by
the (units digits of the first expression – units digit of the second expression) = 6 − 0 = 6. Option (c) is correct.
45. (c)
46. (c)
47. (b)
48. (a)
49. (b)
50. (a)
Exercise – 02
Last Two Digit
1. Find the last two digits of 412789 ?
……………………………
2. Find the last two digits of 7156747 ?

……………………………
3. Find the last two digits of 51456 × 61567 ?

……………………………
4. Find the last two digits of 19266 .

……………………………

……………………………
6. Find the last two digits of 87474 .?

……………………………
7. Find the last two digits of:

1. 27456
……………………………
2. 7983
……………………………
3. 583512
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
10. Find the last two digits of (51)2008
……………………………
……………………………
12. Find the last two digits of 77214
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
19. Find the last two digits of 7(81!)
……………………………
……………………………
21. Find the last two digits of the following numbers

65 × 29 × 37 × 63 × 71 × 87 × 85
(a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 75 (d) 85

75 × 35 × 47 × 63 × 71 × 87 × 82
(a) 50 (b) 70 (c) 30 (d) 90
23. Find the last two digits of 9! + 99! + 999! + 9999! + 99999!
……………………………
24. Find the last two digits of 5! + 55! + (555)! + (5555)!
……………………………
……………………………
Solutions
Last Two Digit – 01
1. In no time at all you can calculate the answer to be 61(4 × 9 = 36. Therefore, 6 will be the tens digit and one will be the
units digit)
2. Last two digits will be 91(7 × 7 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)
3. The last two digits of 51546 will be 01 and the last two digits of 61567 will be 21. Therefore, the last two digits of
51456 × 61567 will be the last two digits of 01 × 21 = 21.
4. 19266 = (192 )133 . Now, 192 ends in 61 (192 = 361) therefore, we need to find the last two digits of (61)133 .
Once the number is ending in 1 we can straight away get the last two digits with the help of the previous method. The last
two digits are 81(6 × 3 = 18, so the tens digit will be 8 and last digit will be 1).
5. 33288 = (334 )72 . Now 334 ends in 21 (334 = 332 × 332 = 1089 × 1089 =××××× 21) therefore, we need to find the
last two digits of 2172 . By the previous method, the last two digits of 2172 = 41 (tens digit = 2 × 2 = 4, unit digit = 1)
So here’s the rule for finding the last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7 and 9:
6. 87474 = 87472 × 872 = (874 )118 × 872 = (69 × 69)118 × 69 (The last two digits of 872 are 69) = 61118 × 69 =
81 × 69 = 89.
7. There is only one even two – digits number which always ends in itself (last two digits) – 76 i.e. 76 raised to any power
gives the last two digits as 76. Therefore, our purpose is to get 76 as last two digits for even numbers. We know that 242
ends in 76 and 210 ends in 24. Also, 24 raised to an even power always ends with 76 and 24 raised to an odd power
always ends with 24. Therefore, 24 34 will end in 76 and 2453 will end in 24.
8. 64236 = (26 )236 = 21416 = (210 )141 × 26 = 24141 (24 raised to odd power) × 64 = 24 × 64 = 36
Now those numbers which are not in the form of 2n can be broken down into the form 2n × odd number. We can find the
last two digits of both the parts separately.
9. 56283 = (23 × 7)283 = 2849 × 7283 = (210 )84 × 29 × (74 )70 × 73 = 76 × 12 × (01)70 × 43 = 16
21. (c)
22. (a)
Exercise 03
1. What are the last two digits of 31786 ?
……………………………
……………………………
3. Find the last two digit of 54380 .
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
6. The last two digits in the multiplication of 35 ∙ 34 ∙ 33 ∙ 32 ∙ 31 ∙ 30 ∙ 29 ∙ 28 ∙ 27 ∙ 26 is

(a) 00 (b) 40 (c) 30 (d) 10

65 × 29 × 37 × 63 × 71 × 87
(a) 05 (b) 95 (c) 15 (d) 25

65 × 29 × 37 × 63 × 71 × 87 × 62
(a) 70 (b) 30 (c) 10 (d) 90

(201 × 202 × 203 × 204 × 246 × 247 × 248 × 249)2
(a) 36 (b) 56 (c) 76 (d) 16
10. Find the last two digits of 1! + 11! + 111! + (1111)! + (11111)!
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………

101 × 102 × 103 × 197 × 198 × 199
(a) 54 (b) 74 (c) 64 (d) 84
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
25. Find the last two digits of (1!)1 + (2!)2 + (3!)3 + (4!)4 + (5!)5 + (6!)6 + (7!)7 + (8!)8 + (9!)9 + (10!)10
……………………………
Exercise 03
Solutions
1. Solution: 31786 = (30 + 1)786 = 786 𝐶0 × 1786 + 786 𝐶1 × 1785 × (30)+ 786 𝐶2 × 1784 × 302 + ⋯, Note that all terms
after the second term will end in two or more zeroes. The first two terms are 786 𝐶0 × 1786 and 786 𝐶1 × 1785 × (30).
Now, the second term will end with one zero and the tens digit of the second term will be the product of 786 and 3 i.e. 8.
Therefore, the last two digits of the second term will be 80. The last digit of the first term is 1. So the last two digits of
31786 are 81.
2. 2543 = (210 )54 × 23 = (24)54 (24 raised to an even power) × 23 = 76 × 8 = 08
3. 54380 = (2 × 33 )380 = 2380 × 31140 = (210 )38 × (34 )285 = 76 × 81285 = 76 × 01 = 76.
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (d)
9. (c)
12. 78379 = (2 × 39)379 = 2379 × 39379 = (210 )84 × 29 × (392 )189 × 39 = 24 × 12 × 81 × 39 = 92 .
18. (c)
20. 62586 = (2 × 31)586 = 2586 × 3586 = (210 )58 × 26 × 31586 = 76 × 64 × 81 = 84 .
Exercise – 04
H.C.F. & L.C.M.
Directions: Mark (√) against the correct answer:
1. Find the factors of 330.
(a) 2 × 4 × 5 × 11 (b) 2 × 3 × 7 × 13
(c) 2 × 3 × 5 × 13 (d) 2 × 3 × 5 × 11
2. Find the factors of 1122.

(a) 3 × 9 × 17 × 2 (b) 3 × 11 × 17 × 2
(c) 9 × 9 × 17 × 2 (d) 3 × 11 × 17 × 3
3. 252 can be expressed as a product of primes as

(a) 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 (b) 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
(c) 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 (d) 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7
4. Which of the following has most number of divisors?

(a) 99 (b) 101 (c) 176 (d) 182
128352
5. Reduce 238368 to its lowest terms.
3 5 7 9
(a) 4
(b) 13
(c) 13
(d) 13
116,690,151
6. The simplest reduction to the lowest terms of 427,863,887 is
3 7 11
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
11 11 3
7. The highest common factor of 0 and 6 is

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) Undefined
8. The H.C.F. of 22 × 33 × 55, 23 × 32 × 52 × 7 and 24 × 34 × 5 × 72 × 11 is

(a) 22 × 32 × 5 (b) 22 × 32 × 5 × 7 × 11
4 4 5
(c) 2 × 3 × 5 (d) 24 × 34 × 55 × 7 × 11
9. The H.C.F. of 24 × 32 × 53 × 7, 23 × 33 × 52 × 72 and 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 is

(a) 105 (b) 1155 (c) 2310 (d) 27720
10. H.C.F. of 4 × 27 × 3125, 8 × 9 × 25 × 7 & 16 × 81 × 5 × 11 × 49 is

(a) 180 (b) 360 (c) 540 (d) 1260
11. Find the highest common factor of 36 and 84.

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 18
12. Even numbers are formed by taking at least two at a time from the numbers 0, 4, 8, 9. Their H.C.F. is
13. Which of the following is a pair of co-primes?

(a) (16, 62) (b) (18, 25) (c) (21, 35) (d) (23, 92)
14. The H.C.F. of 2923 and 3239 is

(a) 37 (b) 47 (c) 73 (d) 79
15. The L.C.M. of 23 x 32 x 5 x 11, 24 x 34 x 52 x 7 and 25 x 33 x 53 x 72 x 11 is

(a) 23 × 32 × 5 (b) 25 × 34 × 53
3 2
(c) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 (d) 25 × 34 × 53 × 72 × 11
16. Find the lowest common multiple of 24, 36 and 40.
(a) 120 (b) 240 (c) 360 (d) 480
17. The L.C.M. of 22, 54, 108, 135 and 198 is

(a) 330 (b) 1980 (c) 5940 (d) 11880
18. The L.C.M. of 148 and 185 is

(a) 680 (b) 740 (c) 2960 (d) 3700
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
19. The H.C.F. of 𝑏 , 𝑑 , 𝑓 is equal to
𝐿.𝐶.𝑀.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒 𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒
(a)
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓
(b) 𝐿.𝐶.𝑀.𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒
(c) 𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓
(d) 𝑏𝑑𝑓
2 8 64 10
20. The H.C.F. of 3 , 9 , 81 𝑎𝑛𝑑 27 is :
2 2 160 160
(a) 3
(b) 81
(c) 3
(d) 81
9 12 18 21
21. The H.C.F. of 10 , 25 , 35 𝑎𝑛𝑑 40 is
3 252 3 63
(a) 5
(b) 5
(c) 1400
(d) 700
1 5 2 4
22. The L.C.M. of 3 , 6 , 9 , 27 is
1 10 20
54 27 3
2 3 4 9
23. The L.C.M. of , , , is
3 5 7 13
1 1 12
(a) 36 (b) (c) (d)
36 1365 455
24. The G.C.D. of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is

(a) 0.03 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.18 (d) 0.108
25. H.C.F. of 3240, 3600 and a third number is 36 and their L.C.M. is
24 × 35 × 52 × 72. The third number is
(a) 22 × 35 × 72 (b) 22 × 53 × 72 (c) 25 × 52 × 72 (d) 23 × 35 × 72
Exercise 05
1. Three numbers are in the ratio 1: 2: 3 and their H.C.F. is 12. The numbers are
(a) 4, 8, 12 (b) 5, 10, 15 (c) 10, 20, 30 (d) 12, 24, 36
2. The ratio of two numbers is 3: 4 and their H.C.F. is 4. Their L.C.M. is

(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 48
3. The sum of two numbers is 216 and their H.C.F. is 27. The numbers are
(a) 27, 189 (b) 81, 189 (c) 108, 108 (d) 154, 162
4. The sum of two numbers is 528 and their H.C.F. is 33. The number of pairs of numbers satisfying the above conditions is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12
5. The number of number-pairs lying between 40 and 100 with their H.C.F. as 15 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
6. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 12 and their difference is 12. The numbers are
(a) 66, 78 (b) 70, 82 (c) 94, 106 (d) 84, 96
7. The product of two numbers is 2028 and their H.CF. is 13. The number of such pairs is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
8. Three numbers which are co-prime to each other are such that the product of the first two is 551 and that of the last two is
1073. The sum of the three numbers is
(a) 75 (b) 81 (c) 85 (d) 89
9. The ratio of two numbers is 13: 15 and their L.C.M. is 39780. The numbers are (P.C.S., 2009)
(a) 884, 1020 (b) 884, 1040 (c) 670, 1340 (d) 2652, 3060
10. The L.C.M. and ratio of four numbers are 630 and 2: 3: 5: 7 respectively. The difference between the greatest and least
numbers is
(a) 6 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 21
11. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 12 and 336 respectively. If one of the numbers is 84, the other is
(a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 96
12. If the product of two numbers is 324 and their H.C.F. is 3, then their L.C.M. will be
(a) 972 (b) 327 (c) 321 (d) 108
13. If H.C.F. of p and q is x and 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦, then the L.C.M. of p and q is

(a) pq (b) qy (c) xy (d) py
14. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 84 and 21 respectively. If the ratio of the two numbers is 1: 4, then the larger
of the two numbers is
(a) 12 (b) 48 (c) 84 (d) 108
15. If the sum of two numbers is 36 and their H.C.F. and L.C.M. are 3 and 105 respectively, the sum of the reciprocals of the
two numbers is
2 3 4
35 35 35
16. The L.C.M. of two numbers is 12 times their H.C.F. The sum of H.C.F. and L.C.M. is 403. If one number is 93, find the
other.
17. The L.C.M. of three different numbers is 120. Which of the following cannot be their H.C.F.?
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 35
18. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 21 and 4641 respectively. If one of the numbers lies between 200 and 300,
the two numbers are
(a) 273, 357 (b) 273, 359 (c) 273, 361 (d) 273, 363
19. 21 mango trees, 42 apple trees and 56 orange trees have to be planted in rows such that each row contains the same
number of trees of one variety only. Minimum number of rows in which the trees may be planted is:
(a) 3 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 20
20. The greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 7 m, 3 m 85 cm, 12 m 95 cm is:
(a) 15 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 35 cm (d) 42 cm
21. The capacity of two pots is 120 litres and 56 litres respectively. Find the capacity of a container which can exactly
measure the contents of the two pots.
(a) 7500 cc (b) 7850 cc (c) 8000 cc (d) 9500 cc
22. A daily wage labourer was engaged for a certain number of days for `5750, but being absent on some of those days he
was paid only `5000. What was his maximum possible daily wage?
(a) `125 (b) `250 (c) `375 (d) `500
23. A person has to completely put each of three liquids: 403 litres of petrol, 465 litres of diesel and 496 litres of Mobil Oil in
bottles of equal size without mixing any of the above three types of liquids such that bottle is completely filled. What is
the least possible number of bottles required?
24. The least number of square tiles required to pave the ceiling of a room 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad is
(a) 656 (b) 738 (c) 814 (d) 902
25. Three sets of English, Mathematics and Science books containing 336, 240 and 96 books respectively have to be stacked
in such a way that all the books are stored subject wise and the height of each stack is the same. Total number of stacks
will be
(a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 48
Exercise 06
1. Four metal rods of lengths 78 cm, 104 cm, 117 cm and 169 cm are to be cut into parts of equal length. Each part must be
as long as possible. What is the maximum number of pieces that can be cut?
(a) 27 (b) 36 (c) 43 (d) 480
2. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder in each case. Then sum of
the digits in N is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
3. A milkman has 3 jars containing 57 litres, 129 litres and 177 litres of pure milk respectively. A measuring can, after a
different number of exact measurements of milk in each jar, leaves the same amount of milk unmeasured in each jar.
What is the volume of the largest such can?
(a) 12 litres (b) 16 litres (c) 24 litres (d) None of these
4. Which greatest number will divide 3026 and 5053 leaving remainders 11 and 13 respectively?
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 60
5. Find the greatest number that will divide 964, 1238 and 1400 leaving remainders 41, 31 and 51 respectively.
(a) 61 (b) 71 (c) 73 (d) 81
6. What is the least natural number which leaves no remainder when divided by all the digits from 1 to 9?
(a) 1800 (b) 1920 (c) 2520 (d) 5040
1
7. The sum of two numbers is 45. Their difference is 9 of their sum. Their L.C.M. is:
(a) 100 (b) 150 (c) 200 (d) 250
8. The number between 4000 and 5000 which is divisible by 12, 18, 21 and 32 is
(a) 4023 (b) 4032 (c) 4203 (d) 4302
9. The number nearest to 43582 divisible by each of 25, 50 and 75 is

(a) 43500 (b) 43550 (c) 43600 (d) 43650
10. The greatest number which when subtracted from 5834, gives a number exactly divisible by each of 20, 28, 32 and 35 is
(a) 1120 (b) 4714 (c) 5200 (d) 5600
11. A number less than 500, when divided by 4, 5, 6, 7 leaves remainder 1 in each case. The number is
(a) 211 (b) 420 (c) 421 (d) 441
12. What is the greatest number of 3 digits which when divided by 6, 9 and 12 leaves a remainder of 3 in each case?
(a) 903 (b) 939 (c) 975 (d) 996
13. Let the least number of six digits, which when divided by 4, 6, 10 and 15, leaves in each case the same remainder of 2, be
N. The sum of the digits in N is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
14. Find the least number which when divided by 11 leaves a remainder of 7; when divided by 15, leave-a remainder of 10
and when divided by 16, leaves a remainder of 11.
(a) 115 (b) 235 (c) 247 (d) 475
15. The least number, which when divided by 48, 60, 72, 108 and 140 leaves 38, 50, 62, 98 and 130 as remainders
respectively is
(a) 11115 (b) 15110 (c) 15120 (d) 15210
16. What is the third term in a sequence of numbers that leave remainders of 1, 2 and 3 when divided by 2, 3 and 4
respectively?
(a) 11 (b) 17 (c) 19 (d) 35
17. Find the greatest number of 4 digits which when divided by 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as remainders.
(a) 9237 (b) 9240 (c) 9840 (d) 9999
18. The least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but -when divided by 9 leaves no remainder,
is
(a) 1677 (b) 1683 (c) 2523 (d) 3363
19. A gardener has to plant trees in rows containing equal number of trees. If he plants in rows of 6, 8, 10 or 12, then five
trees are left unplanted. But if he plants in rows of 13 trees each, then no tree is left. What is the number of trees that the
gardener plants?
20. When Seeta made necklaces of either 16 beads, 20 beads or 36 beads, not a single bead was left over. What could be the
least number of beads Seeta had?
(a) 700 (b) 720 (c) 750 (d) 780
21. An electronic device makes a beep after every 60 sec. Another device makes a beep after every 62 sec. They beeped
together at 10 a.m. The next time, when they would beep together at the earliest is
(a) 10.30 a.m. (b) 10.31 a.m. (c) 10.59 a.m. (d) 11 a.m.
22. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2,4, 6, 8,10 and 12 seconds respectively. In 30 minutes, how
many times do they toll together?
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 16
23. Four bells begin to toll together and toll respectively at intervals of 6, 7, 8 and 9 seconds. In 1.54 hours, how many times
do they toll together and in what interval (seconds)?
(a) 14, 504 (b) 14, 480 (c) 12, 504 (d) 16, 580
24. Three girls start jogging from the same point around a circular track and each one completes one round in 24 seconds, 36
seconds and 48 seconds respectively. After how much time will they meet at one point?
(a) 2 minutes 20 seconds (b) 2 minutes 24 seconds
(c) 3 minutes 36 seconds (d) 4 minutes 12 seconds
25. Find the HCF of 132, 204 and 228.

(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 6 (d) 21
Exercise 07
1. If three numbers are 2a, 5a and 7a, what will be their LCM?
(a) 70a (b) 65a (c) 75a (d) 70a3
2. The product of two whole numbers is 1500 and their HCF is 10. Find the LCM.
(a) 15000 (b) 150 (c) 150 (d) 15
3. A number x is divided by 7. When this number is divided by 8, 12 and 16. It leaves a remainder 3 in each case. The least
value of x is:
(a) 148 (b) 149 (c) 150 (d) 147
4. The number of pair of positive integers whose sum is 99 and HCF is 9 is
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
5. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their LCM is 120. The sum of numbers is
(a) 70 (b) 140 (c) 35 (d) 105
6. The greatest four digit number which is exactly divisible by each one of the numbers 12,18, 21 and 28
(a) 9288 (b) 9882 (c) 9828 (d) 9928
7. The traffic lights at three different signal points change after every 45 seconds, 75 seconds and 90 seconds respectively. If
all change simultaneously at 7 : 20 : 15 hours, then they will change again simultaneously at
(a) 7 : 28 : 00 hours (b) 7 : 27 : 45 hours (c) 7 : 27 : 30 hours (d) 7 : 27 : 50 hours
8. The least number which is a perfect square and is divisible by each of the numbers 16, 20 and 24, is
(a) 1600 (b) 3600 (c) 6400 (d) 14400
9. The smallest number which when diminished by 7, is divisible by 12, 16, 18, 21 and 28 is
(a) 1008 (b) 1015 (c) 1022 (d) 1032
10. The least number which when increased by 5 is divisible by each one of 24, 32, 36 and 54 is
(a) 427 (b) 859 (c) 869 (d) 4320
11. The least number, which when divided by 12, 15, 20 and 54 leaves in each case a remainder of 8 is
(a) 504 (b) 536 (c) 544 (d) 548
12. Find the least multiple of 23, which when divided by 18, 21 and 24 leaves remainders 7, 10 and 13 respectively.
(a) 3002 (b) 3013 (c) 3024 (d) 3036
13. Find the least number which when divided by 16, 18, 20 and 25 leaves 4 as remainder in each case, but when divided by
7 leaves no remainder.
(a) 17004 (b) 18000 (c) 18002 (d) 18004
1
14. Four different electronic devices make a beep after every 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour and 1 hour 45 minutes
2
respectively. All the devices beeped together at 12 noon. They will again beep together at
(a) 12 midnight (b) 3 a.m. (c) 6 a.m. (d) 9 a.m.
1 1
15. Three persons walking around a circular track complete their respective single revolutions in 15 6 seconds, 16 4 seconds
2
and 18 3 seconds respectively.
They will be again together at the common starting point after an hour and
(a) 10 seconds (b) 20 seconds (c) 30 seconds (d) 40 seconds
16. A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction to run around a circular stadium. A completes a round in 252
seconds, B in 308 seconds and C in 198 seconds, all starting at the same point. After what time will they meet again at the
starting point?
(a) 26 minutes 18 seconds (b) 42 minutes 36 seconds
(c) 45 minutes (d) 46 minutes 12 seconds
17. Three wheels can complete 40,24 and 16 revolutions per minute respectively. There is a red spot on each wheel that
touches the ground at time zero. After how much time, all these spots will simultaneously touch the ground again?
(a) 7 sec (b) 18 sec (c) 7 min (d) 18 min
18. A pendulum strikes 5 times in 3 seconds and another pendulum strikes 7 times in 4 seconds. If both pendulums start
striking at the same time, how many clear strikes can be listened in 1 minute?
(a) 195 (b) 199 (c) 200 (d) 205
19. The LCM of two numbers is 936. If their HCF is 4 and one of the numbers is 72, the other is:
20. Two alarm clocks ring their alarms at regular intervals of 50 seconds and 48 seconds. If they first beep together at 12
noon, at what time will they beep again for the first time?
(a) 12:10 P.M. (b) 12:12 P.M. (c) 12:11 P.M. (d) None of these
21. 4 Bells toll together at 9:00 A.M. They toll after 7, 8, 11 and 12 seconds respectively. How many times will they toll
together again in the next 3 hours?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
22. On Ashok Marg three consecutive traffic lights change after 36, 42 and 72 seconds, respectively. If the lights are first
switched on at 9:00 A.M. sharp, at what time will they change simultaneously?
(a) 9 : 08 : 04 (b) 9 : 08 : 24 (c) 9 : 08 : 44 (d) None of these
23. Two equilateral triangles have the sides of lengths 34 and 85, respectively.
(a) The greatest length of tape that can measure both of them exactly is:
(b) How many such equal parts can be measured?
24. A forester wants to plant 44 apple trees, 66 banana trees and 110 mango trees in equal rows (in terms of number of trees).
Also, he wants to make distinct rows of trees (i.e. only one type of tree in one row). The number of rows (minimum) that
are required are:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 11
25. Three runners running around a circular track can complete one revolution in 2, 4 and 5.5 hours, respectively. When will
they meet at the starting point?
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 11 (d) 44
Exercise 08
1. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 33 and 264, respectively. When the first number is divided by 2, the quotient is
33. The other number is?
(a) 66 (b) 132 (c) 198 (d) 99
[Answer: 33 × 264 = 66 × 𝑛. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑛 = 132]
2. Which of the following represents the largest 4 digit number which can be added to 7249 in order to make the derived
number divisible by each of 12, 14, 21, 33, and 54.
[Answer: The LCM of the numbers 12, 14, 21, 33 and 54 is 8316. Hence, in order for the condition to be satisfied we
need to get the number as: 7249 + 𝑛 = 8316 × 2 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑛 = 9383.]
3. Find the greatest number of four digits which when divided by 10, 11, 15 and 22 leaves 3, 4, 8 and 15 as remainders,
respectively.
[Answer: First find the greatest 4 digit multiple of the LCM of 10, 11, 15 and 22. (In this case it is 9900). Then, subtract 7
from it to give the answer.]
4. Find the HCF of (3125 – 1) and (335 – 1).

[Answer: The solution of this question is based on the rule that:
The HCF of (am – 1) and (an – 1) is given by (𝑎 𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝑚,𝑛 − 1)
Thus, in this question the answer is: (35 - 1). Since 5 is the HCF of 35 and 125.]
5. What will be the least possible number of the planks, if three pieces of timber 42 m, 49 m and 63 m long have to be
divided into planks of the same length?
The least possible number of planks would occur when we divide each plank into a length equal to the HCF of 42, 49 and
63. The HCF of these numbers is clearly 7- and this should be the size of each plank. Number of planks in this case would
be: 42/7 + 49/7 + 63/7 = 6 + 7 + 9 = 22 planks. Hence, option (c) is correct.
6. Find the greatest number, which will divide 215, 167 and 135 so as to leave the same remainder in each case.
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 24 (d) 16
Trial and error would give us that the number 16 would leave the same remainder of 7 in all the three cases. Hence,
option (d) is correct.
7. Find the L.C.M of 2.5, 0.5 and 0.175.

(a) 2.5 (b) 5 (c) 7.5 (d) 17.5
The numbers are 5/2, ½ and 175/1000 = 7/40. The LCM of three fractions is given by the formula: LCM of
numerators/HCF of denominators = (LCM of 5, 1 and 7)/(HCF of 2 and 40) = 35/2 = 17.5
8. The L.C.M of 4.5; 0.009; and 0.18 = ?

(a) 4.5 (b) 45 (c) 0.225 (d) 2.25
9. What is the greatest possible rate at which a man can walk 51 km and 85 km in an exact number of minutes?
(a) 11 km/min (b) 13 km/min (c) 17 km/min (d) None of these
The answer would be given by the HCF of 51 and 85 – which is 17. Hence, option (c) is correct.
10. The LCM of 5, 8,12, 20 will not be a multiple of

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 5
11. Find the number of divisors of 720 (including 1 am 720).

(a) 25 (b) 28 (c) 29 (d) 30
12. The LCM of (16 – x2 ) and (x2 + x – 6) is

(a) (x – 3)(x + 3)(4 – x2) (b) 4(4 - x2)(x + 3)
(c) (4 – x2) (x – 3) (d) None of these
13. GCD of x2 – 4 and x2 + x – 6 is

(a) 𝑥 + 2 (b) 𝑥 − 2 (c) 𝑥 2 − 2 (d) 𝑥 2 + 2
14. Find the GCD of the polynomials (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4).
(a) (𝑥 + 3)3 (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)
(b) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)
(c) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)2
(d) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)2
15. Find the LCM of (x + 3)(6x2 + 5x + 4)and(2x2 + 7x + 3) (x + 3)

(a) (2x + 1) (x + 3)(3x + 4) (b) (4x2 – l)(x + 3)2(3x + 4)
2 2
(c) 2(x + 3) (6x + 5x + 4)(x + 1/2) (d) (2x – l)(x + 3)(3x + 4)
16. The least multiple of 7 which leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by 6, 9, 15 and 18 is
(a) 94 (b) 184 (c) 364 (d) 74
17. What is the least 3 digit number that when divided by 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 leaves a remainder of 1?
18. The highest common factor of 70 and 245 is equal to

(a) 35 (b) 45 (c) 55 (d) 65
19. The product of two numbers is 7168 and their HCF is 16. How many pairs of numbers are possible such that the above
conditions are satisfied?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
20. HCF of 315 – 1 & 325 – 1 is
………………… .
21. The HCF of two natural numbers a, b is 10 & LCM of these numbers is 45. If a = 15 then b = ?
…………………………………….
22. LCM and HCF of 10! and 15! are respectively

(a) 5! & 25! (b) 5! & 30! (c) 10! & 30! (d) 15! & 10!
23. Find the HCF of

(a) 420 and 1782 (b) 36 and 48 (c) 54, 72, 198 (d) 62, 186 and 279
24. Find the LCM of

(a) 13, 23 and 48 (b) 24, 36, 44 and 62 (c) 22, 33, 45 and 72 (d) 13, 17, 21 and 33
25. The L.C.M of two numbers is 1890 and their H.C.F is 30. If one of them is 270, the other will be
(a) 210 (b) 220 (c) 310 (d) 320
Exercise 04
Answers Key
1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c
6. a 7. d 8. a 9. a 10. a
11. c 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. d
16. c 17. c 18. b 19. b 20. b
21. c 22. c 23. a 24. c 25. a
7. Since division by 0 is undefined, so 0 cannot be a factor of any natural number. Hence, H.C.F. of 0 and 6 is undefined.
8. H.C.F = Product of lowest powers of common factors = 22 × 32 × 5.
10. 4 × 27 × 3125 = 22 × 32 × 55 ;
8 × 9 × 25 × 7 = 23 × 32 × 52 × 7;
16 × 81 × 5 × 11 × 49 = 24 × 34 × 5 × 72 × 11
∴ 𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. = 22 × 32 × 5 = 180.
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 2,8,64,10 2
20. Required H.C.F. = 𝐿.𝐶.𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 3,9,81,27
= 81.
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹 𝑜𝑓 9,12,18,21 3
21. Required H.C.F. = 𝐿.𝐶.𝑀 𝑜𝑓 10,25,35,40 = 1400.
25. Given numbers are 1.08, 0.36 and 0.90 H.C.F. of 108, 36 and 90 is 18.
∴ H.C.F. of given numbers = 0.18.
Exercise 05
1. d 2. d 3. a 4. a 5. b
6. d 7. b 8. c 9. d 10. c
11. b 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. c
16. a 17. d 18. a 19. c 20. c
21. c 22. b 23. b 24. d 25. a
2. Let the required numbers be 𝑥, 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥. Then, their H.C.F. = 𝑥. So, 𝑥 = 12.
∴ The number are 12, 24 and 36.
3. Let the number be 3𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥. Then, their H.C.F. = 𝑥. So, 𝑥 = 4.

So, the numbers are 12 and 16
L.C.M. of 12 and 16 = 48.
9. Since the numbers are co-prime, they contain only 1 as the common factor.
Also, the given two products have the middle number in common
So, middle number = H.C.F. of 551 and 1073 = 29;
551
First number = ( 29 ) = 19;
1073
Third number = ( 29
) = 37.
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑚 = (19 + 29 + 37) = 85
324
13. 𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. = 3
= 108.
14. Let the numbers be 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥.
84×21
Then, 𝑥 × 4𝑥 = 84 × 21 ⇔ 𝑥 2 = ( 4
) ⇔ 𝑥 = 21.
Hence, larger number = 4𝑥 = 84.
Exercise 06
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. b
11. c 12. c 13. c 14. b 15. b
16. d 17. a 18. b 19. c 20. b
21. b 22. d 23. c 24. b 25. a
3. Required volume
= [𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 (129 − 57), (177 − 129) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (177 − 57)]𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
= (𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 72,48 𝑎𝑛𝑑 120) 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 24 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠.
4. Required Number
= 𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 (3026 − 11) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5053 − 13)
= 𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 3015 𝑎𝑛𝑑 50540 = 45
11. L.C.M OF 4, 5, 6, 7 = 420.

∴ Required number = 420 + 1 = 421.
14. Here (12 − 7) = 5, (15 − 10) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (16 − 11) = 5.

∴ Required number = (𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀 𝑜𝑓 12, 15, 16) − 5 = 240 − 5 = 235.
18. L.C.M. of 5,6,7,8 = 840.

∴ Required number is of the form 840𝑘 + 3
Least value of 𝑘 for which (840𝑘 + 3) is divisible by 9 is 𝑘 = 2.
∴ Required number = (840 × 25 + 3) = 1683.
21. Interval of change = (𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 62) sec = 1860 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 31𝑚𝑖𝑛.
So, the devices would beep together 31 min after 10 a.m., i.e., at 10.31 a.m.
Exercise 07
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. a
6. c 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. b
11. d 12. b 13. d 14. d 15. d
16. d 17. a 18. b 19. b 20. d
21. c 22. b 23. a. 17, b, 21 24. c 25. d
1. The given three numbers are 2𝑎, 5𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑎. 𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 2𝑎, 5𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑎 = 2 × 5 × 7 × 𝑎 = 70𝑎
2. Product of two numbers = 1500, 𝐻𝐶𝐹 = 10

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐿𝐶𝑀 =
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝐶𝐹
1500
= = 150
10
Required LCM is 150.
6. LCM of 12, 18, 21, 28 = 252

Largest divisible number = 252 × 39 = 9828.
13. 𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 16, 18, 20, 25 = 3600.

Required number is of the form 3600𝑘 + 4
Least value of 𝑘 for which (3600𝑘 + 4) is divisible by 7 is 𝑘 = 5.
∴ Required number = (3600 × 5 + 4) = 18004.
21. [The LCM of 7, 8, 11 and 12 is 1848. Hence, the answer will be got by the quotient of the ratio (10800)/(1848) → 5.]
23. (a) HCF of 34 and 84 is 17.

34 85
(b) [17 × 3 + 17 × 3 = 2 × 3 + 5 × 3 = 21]
Exercise 08
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. (𝟑𝟓 − 𝟏) 5. c
6. d 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. b
11. d 12. d 13. b 14. c 15. c
16. c 17. c 18. a 19. a 20. 242
21. Cannot be
22. d 23. - 24. - 25. a
determined
5. The least possible number of planks would occur when we divide each plank into a length equal to the HCF of 42, 49 and
63. The HCF of these numbers is clearly 7 and this should be the size of each plank. Number of planks in this case would
be: 42/7 + 49/7 + 63/7 = 6 + 7 + 9 = 22 planks. Hence, option (c) is correct.
6. Trial and error would give us that the number 16 would leave the same remainder of 7 in all the three cases. Hence,
option (d) is correct.
8. Use the same process as for question 23 for the numbers 9/2; 9/1000 & 9/50.
(𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 9, 9, 9)/(𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 2, 1000 & 50) = 9/2 = 4.5
9. The answer would be given by the HCF of 51 and 85 – which is 17. Hence, option (c) is correct.
11. 720 = 24 × 32 × 51 . Number of factors = 5 × 3 × 2 = 30. Option (d) is correct
13. 𝑥 2 − 4 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2) GCD or HCF of these expressions = (𝑥 − 2)

Option (b) is correct.
15. For the LCM of polynomials write down the highest powers of all available factors of all the polynomials .
1
The correct answer could be 2(𝑥 + 3)2 (6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + )
2
Exercise – 09
1. If A381 is divisible by 11, find the value of the smallest natural number A.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
2. If 381A is divisible by 9, find the value of smallest natural number A.

(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 6
3. Find the number of zeroes at the end of 1090!

(a) 270 (b) 268 (c) 269 (d) 271
4. If 146! Is divisible by 5. Then find the maximum value of n.

(a) 34 (b) 35 (c) 36 (d) 37
5. Find the number of divisors of 1420.

(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 13 (d) 12
6. Find the remainder when the number 9 100 is divided by 8.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4
7. Find the remainder of 2100 when divided by 3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
8. Find the number of divisors of 10800.

(a) 57 (b) 60 (c) 72 (d) 64
9. A hundred and twenty digit number is formed by writing the first x natural numbers in front of each other as
12345678910111213….find the remainder when this number is divided by 8.
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 0
10. Find the number of zeros at the end of 100!

(a) 20 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25

(a) 20 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 28

(a) 90 (b) 91 (c) 94 (d) 95
13. The highest power of 3 that completely divides 40! Is

(a) 18 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17
14. The highest power of 7 that completely divides 80! Is:

(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15
15. XYZ is a 3 digit number such that when we calculate the difference between the two three digit numbers
XYZ – YXZ the difference is exactly 90. How many possible values exist for the digits X and Y?
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 6
16. The least number which can be subtracted from 763 so that it is completely divisible by 57 is.
(a) 35 (b) 22 (c) 15 (d) 25
17. The least number which can be added to 8441 so that it is completely divisible by 57 is.
(a) 42 (b) 15 (c) 5 (d) 52
18. Find the least number of 5 digits that is exactly divisible by 79.
(a) 10003 (b) 10033 (c) 10043 (d) none of these
19. A number when divided by 84 leaves a remainder of 57. What is the remainder when the same number is
divided by 12?
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) cannot be determined
20. 511 and 667 when divided by the same number, leave the same remainder, how many numbers can be
used as the divisor in order to make this occur?
(a) 14 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 8
21. The number of ways of expressing 72 as a product of 2 factors is
22. If x be a rational number and y be an irrational number, then:

(a)both x + y and xy are necessarily irrational
(b)both x + y and xy are necessarily rational
(c)both is necessarily irrational but x + y can be either rational or irrational
(d)x + y necessarily irrational, but xy can be either rational or irrational.
23. If the sum of two numbers added to the sum of their squares is 42 and the product of these numbers is 15,
then the numbers are:
15 1
(a) 15, 1 (b) ,6 (c) 2 , 6 (d) 5, 3
6 2
1 1
24. If 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
=2, then the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥2
is?
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0
25. Which one of the following sets of surds is in correct sequence of ascending order of their values?
4 3 4 3
(a) √10, √6, √3 (b) √3, √10, √6
3 4 4 3
(c) √3, √6, √10, (d) √10, √3, √6
1 1 1 1
26. The expression (1 + 3) (1 + 4) (1 + 5)…..(1 + 𝑛) 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖fies to:
𝑛+1 𝑛 3 111 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 + …..
3 𝑛+1 𝑛 345 𝑛
27.The sum of a number and its reciprocal is thrice the difference of the number and its reciprocal. The number is:
1 1
(a)±√2 (b) ± (c) ±√3 (d) ±
√2 √3
28. The remainder when (20)23 is divided by 17 is:

(a) 11 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) can’t be determine
29. If p be a prime number, then p2 + 1 can not have its unit digit is:
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) all of these
30. A six digit number abcabc such that a,b,c 𝜖 N, then which is the most correct statement is:
(a) it is divisible by 91 (b) it can be divided by 143
(c) it is divisible by 6 (d) only a and b are correct
31. The sum of the squares of a two digit number is 10. If we add 18 to this number we get another number
consisting of the same digits written in reverse order. The original number is
32. Which is not a prime number?

(a) 97 (b) 1001 (c) 127 (d) 101
33. When we divide 15192327 by 99 the remainder will be:

34. The sum of 100 terms of the series

1-3+5-7+9-11+13-15+….is?
1 1 1 1 1
35. The value of (1 − 2) (1-3) (1-4) (1 − 5) …..(n-𝑛) is :
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (1-𝑛)n (c) 𝑛
(d) can’t be determined
636
36. What is the remainder of ?
215
37. The product of three consecutive odd numbers is 531117. What is the sum of the three numbers?
A. 183 B. 213 C. 243 D. 273
38. N is a number such that 200 < N < 300 and it has exactly 6 positive divisors. How many different
values of N are possible?
A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15
39. In 1936, my age was equal to the last two digits of my birth year. My grandfather said that it was
true for him also. Then, the sum of my age and my grandfather’s age in 1936 was
A. 84 B. 86 C. 90 D. 94
40. If n is a natural number such that 1012 < n < 1013 and the sum of the digits of n is 2, then the number of
values n can take is
A. 13 B. 12 C. 11 D. 10
41. The squares of the natural numbers are written in a straight line 149162536… to form a 200-digits number.
What is the 100th digit from the left?
A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 9
42. 182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 is divisible by

A. 323 B. 221 C. 299 D. 237
43. How many natural numbers between 1 and 900 are NOT multiples of any of the numbers 2, 3, or 5?
A. 240 B. 250 C. 270 D. 300
44. The numbers 123 456 789 and 999 999 999 are multiplied. How many times does digit ‘9’ come in the
product?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
45. All the divisors of 72 are multiplied. The product can be written in the form 2 a * 3b. Then the value of a + b is
A. 28 B. 30 C. 34 D. 40
46. In the nineteenth century a person was X years old in the year X2 . How old was he in 1884?
A. 43 B. 58 C. 68 D. 78
47. How many positive integers less than or equal to 120 are relatively prime to 120?
A. 24 B. 32 C. 36 D. 40
48. The difference between the cubes of two consecutive positive integers is 1027. Then the product of these
integers is
A. 552 B. 342 C. 306 D. 132
49. Which of the following numbers can be written as the sum of the squares of three odd natural numbers?
A. 5021 B. 4445 C. 3339 D. 1233
50. The value of x + y such that x2 – y2 = 343, is

A. 343 B. 49 C. 7 D. A or B
51. What is the sum of the real values of x satisfying the equation 4 × 3 2x + 2 – 92x = 243?
A. 1 B. 3/2 C. 5/2 D. 3
52. The least common multiple of 26 – 1 and 29 – 1 is

A. 212 + 27 x 29 – 217 B. 212 + 63 x 23 - 1
C. 2 +5x2 –1
12 9
D. 212 + 9 x 28 – 1
53. The total number of integer pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation x + y = xy is
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. none of the above
54. If a, a + 2, and a + 4 are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for a is
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. more than 3
55. Which of the following is the smallest?

(a) 51/2 (b) 61/3 (c) 81/4 (d) 121/6
56. The number N is divisible by 6 but not divisible by 4. Which of the following will not be an integer?
(a) N/3 (b) N/2 (c) N/6 (d) N/12
57. If n2 is a perfect cube, then which of the following statements is always true?
(a) n is odd (b) n is even
3
(c) n is a perfect square (d) n is a perfect cube
58. For what values of x is (25x + 1) divisible by 13?

a. All real values of x
b. Odd natural values of x
c. Even values of x
d. All the integral values of x
59. How many prime numbers are there between 80 and 105?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8
60. What is the remainder when 579 is divided by 7?

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 4
Exercise – 09 Solutions
1. Ans. (c)
Solution: for the number A381 to be divisible by 11, the sum of the even placed digits and the odds placed digits
should be either 0 or a multiple of 11. This means that (A+B) – (3+1) should be multiple of 11-as it is possible to
make it zero. Thus, the smallest value that A can take (and in fact the only value it can take) is 7. Option (c) is
correct.
2. Ans. (d)
Solution: for 381A to be divisible by 9, the sum of the digits 3+8+1+A should be divisible by 9. For that in
happen A should be 6. Option (d) is correct.
3. Ans. (a)
Solution: The number of zeros would be given by adding the quotients when we successively divide 1090 by 5.
1090/5 + 218/5 +43/5 + 8/5 = 218 + 43 + 8 + 1 = 270. Option (a) is correct.
4. Ans. (b)
Solution: The number of 5’s in 146! Can be got by [146/5]+ [29/5] + [5/5] = 29+5+1 = 35
5. Ans. (d)
Solution: 1420 = 142 x 10 = 22 x 711 x 5x.
Thus, the number of factors of the number would be (2+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 3 x 2 x 2 = 12.
6. Ans. (a)
Solution: 9100/8 = (8 + 1)100/8 → since this is of the form (a + 1)n/a, the remainder = 1 option (a) is correct.
7. Ans. (a)
Solution: 21000/3 is of the form (a)EVEN POWER / (a + 1) the remainder = 1 in this case as the power is even, option
(a) is correct
8. Ans. (b)
Solution: 10800 = 108 x 100 = 33 x 24 x 52
The number of divisors would be : (3 + 1) (4 + 1) (2 + 1) = 4 x 5 x 3 = 60 divisors. Option (b) is correct.
9. Ans. (a)
Solution: The last 3 digits of the number would determine the remainder when it is divided by 8. The number
upto the 12th digit would be 1234567891011..646 646 divided by 8 gives us a remainder of 6. the answer is (a)
10. Ans. (c)

Solution: The answer would be given by the quotients of 100/5 + 100/25 = 20 + 4 = 24 option (c) is correct.
11. Ans. (d)

Solution: 24 + 4 = 28 option (d) is correct.
12. Ans. (c)

Solution: 76 + 15 + 3 = 94 option (c) is correct.
13. Ans. (a)

Solution: 13 + 4 + 1 = 18. Option (a) is correct.
14. Ans. (a)

Solution: 11 + 1 = 12 = option (a) is correct.
15. Ans. (b)

Solution: This occurs for values such as 213 – 123; 324 – 234 etc where it can be seen that the value of X is 1
more than Y. the possible pairs of X and Y are: 2,1;3,2….9.8 – a total of eight pairs of values option (b) is
correct.
16. Ans. (b)

Solution: Since, 763/57 leaves a remainder of 22, we would need to subtract 22 from 763 in order to get a
number divisible by 57. Option (b) is correct.
17. Ans. (d)

Solution: 8441/57 leaves remainder of 5. Thus, if we were to add 52 to this number the number we obtain would
be completely divisible by 57. Option (d) is correct.
18. Ans. (b)

Solution: 10000 divided by 79 leaves a remainder of 46. Hence, if we were to add 33 to 10000 we would get a
number divisible by 79. The correct answer is 10033. Option (b) is correct.
19. Ans. (c)

Solution: Since 12 is a divisor of 84, the required remainder would be got by dividing 57 by 12. The required
answer is 9. Option (c) is correct.
20. Ans. (b)

Solution: The numbers that can do so are going to be factors of the difference between 511 and 667 i.e. 156. the
factors 156 are 1,2,3,4,6,12,13,26,39,52,78,156. There are 12 such numbers. Option (b) is correct.
21. Solution: 6
72 = 23 x 32
Total number of factors of 72 = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) = 12
Total number of ways of expressing 72 as a product.
22. Ans. (a)

Solution: Go back to the basics.
23. Ans. (d)

Solution: Check through options: As
(5+3) + (52 + 32) = 42
And 5 x 3 = 15
24. Ans. (c)

1 2 1 1
Solution: (𝑥 + ) = x2 + + 2 (𝑥 − )
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
2 2 1
(2) = x + 𝑥 2 + 2(1)
1
(Substituting the value of x + )
𝑥
1
4 = x2 + +2
𝑥2
1
X2 + 𝑥 2 = 2
Hence (c) is the right choice.
25. Ans. (b)

4
Solution: √10 = (10)1/4 = (10)3/12 = (1000)1/12
3
√6 = (6)1/3 = (6)4/12 = (1296)1/12
√3 = (3)1/2 = (3)6/12 = (729)1/12
4 3
√3 < √10 < √6 is the correct order and hence (b) is correct.
26. Ans. (a)

1 1 1 1
Solution: (1 + 3) (1 + 4) (1 + 5)…..(1 + 𝑛)
4 5 6 𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+1
= x x x …. x =
3 4 5 (𝑛+1) 𝑛 3
Hence (a) is the correct option.
27.Ans. (a)
1 1 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1
Solution: x + 𝑥 = 3 (x - 𝑥) ➔ 𝑥
=3( 𝑥
)
2
2x = 4
x2 = 2
x = ±√2
28. Ans. (a)

(20)23 (3)23 (33 )7 × 33 277 𝑥 9 (10)7 𝑥 9
Solution: 17
→ 17
→ 17
→ 17
→ 17
(102 )3 𝑥 90 (15)3 𝑥 5 225 x 75 4x7

17
→ 17
→ 17
→ 17
→ 11
Hence the required remainder is 11.
29. Ans. (d)

Solution: Since the unit digit of primes number = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9
So, the unit digit of the squares of prime number = 1, 4, 9, 5, 9, 1
Thus 1 + 1 = 2, 4+1=5, 9+1=10, 5+1=6, 9+1=10 and 1+1=2
Hence the possible unit digits are 2, 5, 6, 0
Thus, 3 , 7 or 9 are not possible hence (d) is correct.
30. Ans. (d)

Solution: Any number of the form abcabc must be divisible by 1001 or its factors i.e. 1001 = 7 x 13 x 11
Hence (a) and (b) are correct, thus (d) is the most appropriate statement.
31. Ans. (c)

Solution: 12 + 32 = 10
13 + 18 = 31
32. Ans. (b)

Solution: 1001 = 7 x 11 x 13
Hence (b)
33. Ans. (b)

Solution: Go through options: consider option (b)
15192327 – 84 = 15192243
Now, (3+2+9+5) - (4+2+1+1) = 11
And 1+5+1+9+2+2+4+3 = 27
Thus 15192243 is divisible by both 11 and 9 hence by 99.
Thus the presumed remainder 84, is correct.
34. Ans. (d)

Solution: 1-3 + 5 – 7 + 9 – 11 + …+197- 199
= (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + …..+(-2) [50 times]
= 50 x (-2) = -100. Hence (d)
35. Ans. (c)

1 1 1 1 1
Solution: (1 − 2) (1-3) (1-4) (1 − 5) …..(1 - -𝑛)
1 2 3 4 (𝑛−2) (𝑛−1) 1
= 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x …..x (𝑛−1) x 𝑛
=𝑛
36. Ans. (b)

636 (63 )12 (216)12 (1)12
Solution:
215
→ 215
→ 215
→ 215
→ 1 is the remainder.
37. Ans. (C)

Solution: The unit digits of three consecutive odd numbers would be (1, 3, 5), (3, 5, 7), (5, 7, 9), (7, 9, 1) and (9,
1, 3). As the unit digit of the product is 7, only the last triplet of units digits, i.e. (9, 1, 3) will qualify. Therefore, we
need to find three consecutive odd numbers ending in 9, 1 and 3 such that there product is 531117. We can see
that 803 = 512000. Therefore, the numbers would be lying around 80. The numbers are 79, 81 and 83 and the
sum is 243.
38. Ans. (B)

Solution: The number which has 6 divisors will be of the form ab 2 or c5, where a, b and c are prime numbers.
The numbers are 2 × 112, 5 × 72, 11 × 52, 23 × 32, 29 × 32, 31 × 32, 53 × 22, 59 × 22, 61 × 22, 67 × 22, 71 × 22, 73
× 22 and 35
39. Ans. (B)

Solution: The ages will be lying on either side of 1900 for us to have two solutions to same situation. Let the
birth year of grandfather be 18ab. Therefore, his age in 1936 = 1936 − 18ab = 36 + 1900 − 18ab =
36 + 100 − ab. This should be equal to ab ⇒ ab = 36 + 100 − ab ⇒ ab = 68. Similarly, the birth year
for grandson is 1918. The sum of ages = 68 + 18 = 86
40. Ans. (A)

Solution: 1012 = 1 000 000 000 000. Since the number is greater than 10 12 and the sum of the digits is 2, one of
the zeroes in 1 000 000 000 000 will be replaced by 1. Therefore, there will be 12 numbers generated this way.
Apart from this, the number 2 000 000 000 000 also satisfies the criterion. Hence, 13 numbers are possible.
41. Ans. (D)

Solution: Single digit square = 3 (1, 3, 9) Digits written = 3
Two-digit squares = 6 (16, 25, … 81) Digits written = 2 × 6 = 12.
Three-digit squares = 22 (100, 121, … 961) Digits written = 3 × 22 = 66
Total digits written so far = 3 + 12 + 66 = 81. Digits left = 100 − 81 = 19.
After 961, we will start writing four-digit squares – 1024, 1089… with every square we cover four
digits. Since we need to cover 19 digits, we will have to write 4 four-digit squares and then we will
see the 3rd digit of the fifth four-digit square. The fifth four-digit square = 362 = 1296 ⇒ 3rd digit =9. Therefore,
100th digit = 9.
42. Ans. (B)

Solution: an − bn is divisible by both a + b and a − b when n is even.
182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 = 182000 – 52000 + 122000 – 12000 ⇒ 182000 – 52000 is divisible by 13 and 23.
Similarly, 122000 – 12000 is divisible by 11 and 13. As 13 is the common factor, the whole expression is divisible
by 13.
182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 = 182000 – 1 + 122000 – 52000 ⇒ 182000 – 1 is divisible by 17 and 19.
Similarly, 122000 – 52000 is divisible by 7 and 17. As 17 is the common factor, the whole expression is divisible by
17.
As the expression is divisible by both 13 and 17, it is divisible by 221.
43. Ans. (A)

1 1 1
Solution: The number of numbers prime to and less than 900 = 900(1- )(1 - )(1- ) = 240
2 3 5
44. Ans. (A)

Solution: 123456789 × 999999999 = 123456789 × (1000000000 − 1) = 123456789000000000 − 123456789
= 123456788876543211
45. Ans. (B)

(𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1)
Solution: When the divisors of N XaYbZc = are multiplied the product is equal to (N) . When the
2
(2+1)(3+1)
divisors of 72 = 23 × 32 are multiplied, the product is equal to (2 3 x 32) - 218 x 312. Therefore, a+ b =30
2
46. Ans. (D)

Solution: There is only one perfect square in the nineteenth century 432 = 1849. Therefore, the man was 43
years old in 1849. Therefore, he was 78 years old in 1884.
47. Ans. (B)

1 1 1
Solution: The number of numbers less than and prime to 120 = 120 (1-2) (1-3) (1-5) = 32
48. Ans. (B)

Solution: (n + 1)3 − n3 = 1027 ⇒ 3n2 + 3n −1026 = 0 ⇒ n2 + n − 342 = 0 ⇒ n = 18.
49. Ans. (C)

Solution: The sum of the squares of three odd numbers will be in the form 4k + 3. Only C satisfies the
criterion.
50. Ans. (D)

Solution: (x + y)(x − y) = 343
51. Ans. (C)

Solution: No Solution Available
52. Ans. (B)

Solution: 26 − 1 = (23)2 − 1 which is a multiple of 23 − 1 as an − bn is always divisible by a − b. similarly 2 9 −1 is
also a multiple of 23 − 1. Therefore, HCF = 23 − 1. Now HCF × LCM = product of two numbers. ⇒ (23 − 1) × LCM
= (26 − 1) × (29 − 1) ⇒ LCM = 212 + 63 × 23 − 1.
53. Ans. (C)
54. Ans. (A)
55. Ans. (d)

Solution: Number are 51/2, 61/3, 81/4, and 121/6
To solve such questions, we raise each number to a common ower so that the powers of the numbers are
natural numbers.
In this case, raise each number to the power 12 (LCM of 2, 3, 4 and 6).
Therefore numbers obtained = (5 1/2)12, (61/3)12, (81/4)12 and (121/6)12 = 56, 64, 83, and 122
56. Ans. (d)

𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
Solution: 12 = 3
x 4.
𝑁 𝑁
However it is given that is not an integer and there fore, will not be an integer.
4 12
57. Ans. (d)

Solution: If n is a perfect cube, then n2 will also be a perfect cube, therefore, the answer is option (d).
58. Ans. (b)

25𝑥 +1 (−1)𝑥 1
Solution: 13
= 13 13
Hence for odd natural values of x, 25x + 1 will be divisible.
59. Ans. (c)

Solution: Count the number by actual counting method. The numbers are 83, 89, 87, 101, 103.
60. Ans. (c)

Solution: Using Fermat’s Theorem
579 578 𝑥 5 56|3| 𝑥 5 15
= = = =5
7 7 7 7
499.
Exercise – 10
1. (1721 + 1921) is not divisible by
(a) 36 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 18
45
2. What is the units digit of 23 ?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6
3. How many zeroes will be there at the end of 36!36! ?

(a) 7 x 6! (b) 8 x 6! (c) 7 x 36! (d) 8 x 36!
2233
4. What is the units digit of 711 ?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
5. I purchased a ticket for the football match between France and Italy in the world cup. The number on the ticket
was a 5-digit perfect square such that the first and the last digit were the same and the second and fourth digit
were the same. If the third digit was 3 then what was the ticket number?
(a) 24, 342 (b) 12, 321 (c) 21, 312 (d) none of these
6.When the natural numbers 1, 2, 3….,500 a written, then the digit 3 is sued n times in this way. The value of n
is:
(a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 300 (d) 280
7. If a and b are two odd distinct prime numbers and if a>b then a 2 – b2 can never be divided by:
75
8. The remainder when 7575 is divided by 37:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 7
9. If 4 is added to the numerator of a fraction, it becomes 1/3 and if 3 is added to the denominator of the same
fraction it becomes 1/6 then the sum of the numerator and denominator is:
(a) 32 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 3
10. If a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1, then the maximum value of a,b,c,d is:

1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 16
(d) data insufficient
11. 86 – 56 is divisible by individually:

(a) 91 (b) 49 (c) 129 (d) all of these
12. The sum of all the factors of 45000 which are exactly the multiples of 10 is:
13. A stairway of 20 ft height is such that each step account for half a foot upward and one foot forward. What
distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?
14. Paltry and Sundry, the two bird hunters went to woods paltry fires 5 shots when sundry fires 7 shots but paltry
kills 2 out of 5 while sundry kills 3 out of 7. When sundry has missed 32 shots. Then how many birds has
paltry killed?
(a) 25 (b) 24 (c) 16 (d) 12
15. What is the sum of the following series?

1 1 1 1
+ + + ⋯ …+
1𝑥2 2𝑥3 3𝑥4 100 𝑥 101
100 1 101
(a) 101
(b) 101
(c) 100
(d) 101!
16. Which one of the following is greatest one?

(a) 33322 (b) 33322 (c) 33332 (d) 22333
17. If a, b, c, d, e, f are sequentially the terms of an A.P. belong to set (1, 2, 3,….9) where all the terms a, b, c,
….are in increasing order, then the last digit of a b x cd x ef is:
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) either of (a) and (b)
18. 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + ….-1992 :
19. If the number 2332 – 9 is divided by 16, then the remainder is:
20. If x + t + z = 21, then the maximum value of (x+6) (y+7) (z-4) is:
21. Let n be the smallest positive number such that the number S = (8 n)(5600) has 604 digits. Then the sum of
the digits of S is
𝑥 𝑥
22. If 327 = 273 , then x is equal to
A. −1 B. ½ C. 1 D. 2
1 1 1 1
23. If S = - + - ……- , then the value of S is
√2−√1 √3−√2 √4−√3 √121−√120
A. 12 B. 11 C. 10 D. −10
1033 +2
24. If S = 3
, then the sum of digits of S is
A. 97 B. 100 C. 103 D. 106
25. How many natural numbers between 1 and 100 have exactly four factors?
A. 30 B. 32 C. 300 D. 33
3065 − 2965
26. If R = then
3064 + 2964
A. R > 1.0 B. 0 < R ≤ 0.1

C. 0.1 < R ≤ 0.5 D. 0.5<R<1.0
27. The number of employees in Obelix Menhir Co. is a prime number and is less than 300. The ratio of the
number of employees who are graduate and above, to that of employees who are not, can possibly be
A. 97: 84 B. 87: 100 C. 85: 98 D. 101: 88
E. 110: 111
28. What is the value of n such that n! = 3! × 5! × 7!

A. 10 B. 11 C. 8 D. 9
29. What is the value of N such that N × [N] = 27, where [N] represents the greatest integer less than or equal to
N?
A. 5.4 B. 5.8 C. 6.1 D. 5.6
30. The product of the ages of some teenagers is 10584000. The sum of their ages is equal to
A. 86 B. 88 C. 85 D. 89
E. 87
31. Number S is obtained by squaring the sum of digits of a two-digit number D. If the difference between S and D
is 27, then the two-digit number D is
A. 24 B. 54 C. 34 D. 45
32. Let T be the set of integers {3, 11, 19, 27,... 451, 459, 467} and S be the subset of T such that the sum of no
elements of S is 470. The maximum possible number of elements in S is
A. 32 B. 28 C. 29 D. 30
33. Let x, y and z be distinct integers. X and y are odd and positive, and z is even and positive. Which one of the
following statements cannot be true?
A. y(x − z)2 is even B. y2(x − z) is odd
C. y(x − z) is odd D. z(x − y)2 is even
34. The following is known about three real numbers, x, y and z.

-4 ≤ x ≤ 4, - 8 ≤ y ≤ 2 and -8 ≤ z ≤ 2. Then the range of values that M = xz/y can take is best represented
by:
(a) - ∞ < x < ∞ (b) -16 ≤ x ≤ 8 (c) -8 ≤ x ≤ 8 (d) -16 ≤ x ≤ 16
35. How many numbers between 200 and 400 are divisible by 13?
(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17
36. Given that 7x + y is a prime number of natural numbers x and y, then what is the minimum value of (x+y) 2
37. If N2 = 1234567654321, then X = ?
38. X is a number formed by writing 9 for 99 times. What will be the remainder of this number when divided by 7?
241
39. Find the remainder of .
41
40. Find the remainder when 40! Is divided by 41.
41. Find the remainder when x4 + 3x3 + 4 is divided by x +3.
42. How many numbers in the form of 2n – 1 which are less than 500 are prime?
43. Find the value of x in √𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2√3𝑥 = x.
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 12 (e) 9
44. The mean of 1, 2, 22 ……231 lies in between
(a) 224 to 225 (b) 225 to 226 (c) 226 to 227 (d) 229 to 230
45. 165 + 215 is divisible by

(a) 31 (b) 13 (c) 27 (d) 33
46. If | x -4| + |y – 4| = 4, then how many integer values can the set (x, y) have?
(a) infinite (b) 5 (c) 16 (d) 9
47. The highest power on 990 that will exactly divide 2090! Is
(a) 101 (b) 100 (c) 108 (d) 109
48. The expression 333555 + 555333 is divisible by

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 37 (d) all of these
49. Find the number of zeros in the product 11 x 22 x 33 x 44 x ….9898 x 9999 x 100100
(a) 1200 (b) 1300 (c) 1050 (d) 1225
50. The highest power of 45 that will exactly divide 123! Is

(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 59
51. Find the 28383rd term of the series:

123456789101112….
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 7
52. The series of number (1,1/2, 1/3, ¼……..1/1972) is taken. Now two numbers are taken from this series (the
first two) say x, y. the n the operation x + y + x. y is performed to get a consolidated number. The process is
repeated. When will be the value of the set after all the numbers are consolidated into one number?
53. What is the remainder when 9 + 9 2 + 93 + ….92n+1 is divided by 6?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
54. The remainder when the number 123456789101112……..484950 is divided by 16 is ?

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
55. What is the total number of divisors of the number 12 33 x 3423 x 270?
56. What is the remainder when (1!)3 + (2!)3 + (3!)3 + (4!)3 + …..(1152!)3 is divided by 1152?
(a) 125 (b) 225 (c) 325 (d) 205
57. What will be the value of remainder when (111111111……64terms) * (22222222…….55terms) is divided by
18?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 17
58. Find the number of solutions of the equation x2 – y2 = 777314:
59. Find the lower of the two successive natural numbers if the square of the sum of those numbers exceeds the
sum of their squares by 112.
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
1. Ans. (b)
Solution: We know that (an + bn) is divisible by (a+b) if n is an odd number. It means (17 21 + 1921) is divisible by 36
and all the factors of 36.
Therefore the answer is 8 because 8 is not a factor of 36.
2.Ans. (a)
Solution: We know that 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16 and 25 = 32
Therefore cycle of 2 is 4.
5 5
34 (−1)4 1
now, = =
4 4 4
Therefore remainder is 1, so units digit = 2 1 = 2
3.Ans. (d)
36 36
Solution: Number of 5s in 36! = [ ] + [ ] = 7 + 1 = 8
5 25
Therefore zeros in (36!)36! = 8 x 36!
4.Ans. (c)
Solution: We know that 71 = 7, 72 = 9, 73 = 3 and 74 = 1, therefore, the cycle of 7 is four.
33
Now divide 1122 by 4.
33 33
1122 (−1)22 1
= =
44 4 4
From here, the number x should be 499.
5.Ans. (b)
Solution: For being a perfect square, the last digit of the number should be 1, 4, 5, 6 and 9. And the digital sum of
the number should be 1, 4, 9 and 7.
+ 31710 + 40310 = 85710 = 11,412
6.Ans. (b)
Solution: 5 x (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93) + 5 x (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39) + (301, 302, 303,
304, ….., 399)
= 5 x 10 + 5 x 10 + 100 = 200
Explanations: In every set of 100 numbers there are 10 numbers whose unit digit is 3. Similarly in every set of 100
number there are 10 numbers whose tens digit is 3 and there are total 100 numbers whose hundreds digit is 3.
7.Ans. (d)
Solution: a2 – b2 = (a+b)(a-b)
Let us consider two odd prime number as 3 and 29
Then (29)2 - 32 = (29 + 3) (29-3)
= 32 x 26.
Which is divisible by 13.
Again consider 7 and 29.
Then (29)2 - 72 = (29 + 7) (29-7)
= 36 x 22.
Which is divisible by 11.
Further consider 3 and 37. Then (37) 2 – (3)2 = 40 x 34 which is divisible by 17.
Hence (d) is correct.

75 75
7575 175
8. Solution:
37
=
37
→ remainder is 1.
9.Ans. (a)
𝑥
Solution: Let be the fraction, then
𝑦
𝑥+4 1
=
𝑦 3
𝑥 1
And 𝑦+3
=6
 3x + 12 = y
 6x = y + 3
 X = 5 and y = 27
Thus, x + y = 32
10. Ans. (c)

Solution: Given that a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1
Now, the maximum value of a,b,c,d will be only when
a= b = c=d = k
then a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 4k2 = 1
1
 k=±
2
1 1
Now a,b,c,d = k4 = (± 2)4 = 16
Hence (c) is correct.
11. Ans. (d)

Solution: 86 – 56 = (82)3 – (52)3 = (64)+ – (25)3
= (64-25) (642 + 252 + 64 x 25) = 39 x 6321
= 13 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 7 x 43
So it can be divided by 13 x 7 = 91, 7 x 7 = 49, 3 x 43 = 129
Hence all of these are possible.
12. Ans. (b)

Solution: since 45000 = = 10 x 4500
So, the sum of all the factors of 45000 which are the multiples of 10 will be same as sum of all the factors of 4500
Multiple by 10.
Now, 4500 = 22 x 32 x 53
Therefore the sum of all the factors of
(23 −1)𝑥 (33 −1)(54 −1)
4500 = (2−1)(3−1)(5−1)
7 𝑥 26 𝑥 624
= = 14196
1 𝑥 2 𝑥4
Hence the sum of all the products of 45000 which are the multiples of 10 = 10 x 14196 = 141960.
13. Ans. (a)

Solution: Total distance to be covered = total horizontal movement
+ total upward movement
= (20x 2- 1) + (20)
= 39 + 20 = 59 feet
14. Ans. (c)

Solution: Paltry Sundry
Fire shots 5 7
Hit shots 2 3
Missed shots 3 4
When Sundry missed 32 shots it means paltry missed 24 shots when paltry missed 24 shots it means paltry hit 16
shots.
15. Ans. (a)

1 1 1 1
Solution: 1𝑥2
+ 2𝑥3
+ 3𝑥4
+ ⋯ …+ 100 𝑥 101
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (1 − 2 ) + (2 − 3
) + (3 − 4
) + (4 − 5
) + ⋯ …+ (100 − 101
)
1 100
= 1-101 = 101
16. Ans. (a)

Solution: 33322 and 33332
 (34)830 x 32 and 33332

Thus (81)830 x 32 > 33332
Again 33322 and 33322
 (36)553 x 34 and (333)22
Thus (729)553 x 34 > (333)22
Again 33322 and 22333
 (33)1107 x 3 and 22333
Thus (27)1107 x 3 > 22333
Hence (a)
17. Ans. (d)

Solution: if a, b, c, d, e, f all the six forms of an A.P. can have only 9 values hence the common difference of the
A.P. must be1. (Since common difference cannot be greater than 1.)
If a = 1, then
12 x 34 x 5+ → Unit digit is 5
If a = 2, then
23 x 45 x 67 → unit digit is 2
If a = 3 then
34 x 56 x 78 → Unit digit is 5
If a = 4, then
45 x 67 x 89 → unit digit is 2
18. Ans. (a)

Solution: 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 +…..-1982 + 1992
= (12-22) + (32-42) + (52-62)+……..+(1972 - 1982) + 1992
= (-3) + (-7) + (-11) + (-15) + …….+ (-395) + (199) 2

3+395
= [− ( ) 𝑥 99] + 39601
2
= (-199 x 99) + 39601

= (-19701) + 39601 = 19900
19. Ans. (a)

2332 −9 2332 9 732 9 (75 )16 9 116 9
Solution: 16
→( 16
- 10) → ( 16 − 16
)→[ 16
- 16] → 16
- 16
1−9 −8 16−8 8
➔ 16
→ 16
→ 16
→ 16 → 8
20. Ans. (b)

Solution: (x - 6) (y+7) (z-4) will be maximum only when
(x-6) = (y+7) = (z-4) = k (say) for a given value of
x=k+6
y = k -7
z = k +4
x + y + z = 21
 (k+6) + (k-7) + (k + 4) = 21
3k + 3 = 21
K=6
Therefore, (x-6), (y+7) (z-4) = k3 = (6)3 = 216
21. Ans. (A)

Solution: 2600 × 5600 will have 601 digits (1 followed by 600 zeroes). To get 604 digits we will have to increase the
power of 2 such that we get a four digit number followed by 600 zeroes. The power should also be a multiple of 3 as
8 = 23. The smallest such power is 212 = 84. Therefore, S = 8204 × 5600 = 4096000000… (604 digits). The sum of the
digits of S = 19.
Ans. (B)
1 1 1
Solution: The number of numbers less than and prime to 120 = 120 (1-2) (1-3) (1-5) = 32
22. Ans. (B)

𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
Solution: 327 = 3(3) = 33
𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+1
273 = (33) = 33𝑥3 = 33
 3x = x + 1 ➔ = ½.
23. Ans. (D)

1 1 √2+√1
Solution: = == x= = √2 + √1
√2−√1 √2−√1 √2+√1
1 1 1 1
- + - ….. √1 + √2 - √2 - √3 + √3 + √4 - √4 - √5 + ….√121 - √120 = - 11+ 1 = -10
√2−√1 √3−√2 √4−√3 √121−√120
24. Ans. (B)

Solution: S = 333…3334 (33 digits). Sum of digits = 3 × 32 + 4 = 100
25, Ans. (B)

Solution: The number will be of the form a × b or c3 , where a, b and c are prime factors. Count all the numbers
below 100 of the above form.
26. Ans. (A)

Solution: an – bn = (a − b)(an − 1 + an − 2b + an − 3b2+ … + bn − 1)
⇒ 3065 − 2965 = (30 − 29)(3064 + 306329 + 3062292 + …+ 2964) > 3064 + 2964.
27. Ans. (A)

Solution: 10b + a − (10a + b) = 18 ⇒ 9(b − a) = 18 ⇒ b − a = 2. Apart from 13 there are 6 such numbers
which satisfy this criterion. 24, 35, 46, 57, 68 and 79.
28. Ans. (D)

Solution: Since R.H.S. has 7! Multiplied by a positive quantity, L.H.S will be greater than 7!. As R.H.S. does not
have the prime factor of 11, L.H.S. will be less than 11!. As R.H.S. has only one power of 5 (in 5!), L.H.S. will be less
than 10!. Therefore, only possibilities are 8! And 9!. Considering powers of 3
on both sides, n = 9.
29. Ans. (A)

Solution: . We can see that 5 ≤ N ≤ 6 as 25 ≤ N2 ≤ 36. Therefore, N is between 5 and 6 ⇒ [N] = 5. Now N × [N]
= 27
27
⇒N= 5
= 5.4
30. Ans. (C)

Solution: So solution Available
31. Ans. (B)
Solution: Work with options.
32. Ans. (D)

Solution: Let’s start picking up numbers in increasing order and see how many numbers we can take. If we pick up
3, we cannot pick up 467. If we pick up 1) we cannot pickup 459,…. And so on. The highest number we can pick up
this way is 235. This makes it 30 numbers.
33. Ans. (A)

Solution: x is and is even ⇒ x-z is old ⇒ (x-z)2 is odd
y is odd ⇒ y (x-z)2 is odd. Statement A is wrong.
34. Ans. (a)

Solution: Since the value of y varies between -8 to 2. It is evident that if we take a very small value for y. say
0.000000000000000000000000, and we take normal integral values for x and z, the expression xz/y would become
either positive or negative infinity (depending on how you manage the signs of the number x, y and z). the answer is
(a)
35. Ans. (b)

Solution: The multiple of 13 between 200 and 400 would be represented by the series:
208, 221, 234, 247, 260, 273, 286, 299, 312, 325, 338, 351, 364, 377 and 390 There are a total of 15 numbers in
the above series. Option (b) is correct.
Note: the above series is an arithmetic progression the process of finding the number of terms in an arithmetic
progression are defined in the chapter on progression.
36. Solution: 5
For x = 1, y = 4, 7x + y = 11, which is a prime number, x + y = 1 + 4 = 5.
37. Solution: 1111111

112 = 121
1112 = 12321
11112 = 1234321
111112 = 123454321
So 1234567654321 = (1111111)2
38. Solution: 5
999999 is divisible by 7. It mean 999999…….99 (6 x 16) times is divisible by 7.
999
So the required remainder = Remainder of =5
7
39.
Solution: 2
We know that Ap-1 + p leave a remainder of 1, when p is a prime number
240
Here 41 is a prime number. Hence, 41
leaves a remainder 1 thus the remainder of 241 + 41 would be equal to the
remainder of 21 + 41 → 2 (required remainder).
40. Solution: 40
According to the Wilson theorem if p is a prime number then (p - 1)! + 1 is a multiple of p. here 41 is a prime
number so 40! + 1 is completely divisible by 41. This means that 40! Leaves a remainder – 1 when we divide it by
41 or it leaves a remainder 41 – 1 = 40.
41.
Solution: 4
X + 3 = 0 for x = -3
42. Solution: 4
The numbers we need to check for are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023, 2047 and 4095. Out of these, the
prime numbers are 3, 7, 31 and 127. Hence 4 number.
43.
Ans. (b)
Solution: the value of x should be such that the left hand side after completely removing the square root sings
should be an integer. for this to happen, first of all the square root of 3x should be an integer. Only 3 and 12 from the
option satisfy this requirement. If we try to put x as 12, we get the square root of 3x as 6. Then the next point at
which we need to remove the square root sing would be 12 + 2(6) = 24 whose square root would be an irrational
number. This leaves us with only 1 possibly value (x = 3) checking for this value of x we can see that the expression
is satisfied as LHS = RHS.
44. Ans. (c)

Solution: 1 + 2 + 22 + …..+ 2n = 232 – 1
232 −1
Hence the average will be; 32
= 227 - 1/25
Which lies between 226 and 227.
45. Ans. (d)

Solution: 165 + 215 = 220 + 215 = 215 (25+1) → Hence is divisible by 33.
46. Ans. (c)

Solution: The expression would have solution based on a structure of:
4 + 0; 3+1; 2+2; 1+3 or 0+4
There will be 2 x 1 = 2 solutions for 4+0 as in this case x can take the values of 8 and 0. While y can take a value of
4;
Similarly there would be 2 x 2 = 4 solutions for 3 + 1 as in this case x can take the values of 7 or 1, while y can take
a value of 5 or 3.
Thus, the total number of solutions can be visualized as:
2 (for 4 +0) + 4 (for 3 + 1) + 4 (for 2 +2) + 4 (for 1+3) +2(for 0+2) = 16 solutions for the set (x,y) where both x and y
are integers.
47. Ans. (c)

Solution: 990 = 11 x 32 x 2 x 5. The highest power of 9990 which would divide 1090! Would be the power of 11
available in 1090. This is given by [1090/11] + [1090/121] = 99+9 = 108
48. Ans. (d)

Solution: Both 333555 and 555333 are divisible by 3,37 and 111. Further, the sum of the two would be an even
number and hence divisible by 2. Thus all the four option divide the given number.
49. Ans. (b)

Solution: The number of zeroes would be given by counting the number of 5s the relevant number of counting the
number of 5s’ in the product would be given by:
55; 1010; 1515; 2020; 2525……and so on till 100100
The number of 5s’ in these values would be given by:
(5+10+15+20+5030+35+40+45+100+55+60+65+70+150+80+85+90+95+200)
This can also be written as:
(5+10+15+20+25+30+35+40+45+50+55+60+65+70+75+80+8590+95+100) + (25+50+75+100)
= 1050 + 250 = 1300
50. Ans. (a)

Solution: 45 = 33 x 5. Hence we need to count the number of 3 2’s and 5’s that can be made out of 123!
Number of 3’s = 41+13+4+1 = 59 → number of 32’s = 29
Number of 5’s = 24 + 4 = 28
The Required answer is the lower of the two (viz. 28 and 29) hence option (a) 28 is correct.
51.
Ans. (a)
Solution: There will be 9 single digit numbers using 9 digits, 90 two digit numbers using 180 digits, 900 three digit
numbers using 2700 digits. Thus, when the number 999 would be written, a total of 2889 digits would have been
used up thus, we would need to look for the 25494 th digit when we write all 4 digit numbers. Since 25494/4 = 6373.5
we can conclude that the first 6373 four digit numbers would be used up for writing the first 25492 digits the second
digit of the 6374th four digit number would be the required answer since the 6374th four digit number is 7373, the
required digit is 3.
52. Ans. (c)

Solution: It can be seen that for only 2 number (1 and ½ ) the consolidated number would be 1+½ + ½ = 2
For 3 numbers, (1, ½, 1/3) the number would be 3. Thus for the given series the consolidated number would be
1972.
53. Ans. (c)

Solution: The remainder of each power of 9 when divided by 6 would be 3. Thus for (2n+1) powers of 9, there would
be an odd number of 3’s hence the remainder would be 3.
54. Ans. (d)

Solution: The remainder when a number is divided by 16 is given by the remainder of the last 4 digits divided by 16
because 10000 is a multiple of 16. This principle is very similar in logic to why we look at last 2 digits for divisibility
by 2 and the last 3 digits for divisibility by 8. Thus the required answer would be the remainder of 4950/16 which is
6.
55. Ans. (d)

Solution: 1233 x 3423 x 270 = 2159 x 333 x 1723.
The number of factors would be 160 x 34 x 24 = 130560. Thus, option (d) is correct.
56. Ans. (b)

Solution: 1152 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 3 x 3 = 27 x 32
Essentially every number starting from 4!3 would be divisible perfectly by 1152 since each number after that would
have at least 7 twos and 2 threes.
Thus, the required remainder is got by the first three terms;
(1+8+216)/1152 = 225/1152 gives us 225 as the required remainder.
57. Ans. (c)

Solution: Remainder of
[111111111……..64 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 𝑥 [22222222…..55 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
18
= 2 x remainder of
[(111111111……64 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 𝑥 (111111……55𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)]

9
➔ Remainder = 1
So, required remainder = 2 x 1 =2
58.
Solution: 0
We can see from the expression that (x-y) (x+y) is an even number both x – y and x + y are even is an even number
both (x – y)(x+y) must be divisible by 4. But 777314 is not divisible by 4. So it it has no solution. The correct answer
would be 0.
59. Ans. (b)

Solution: Again, spotting this with options is quite easy as we can see that 72 + 82 = 113 and that is 112 less than
the value of (7+8)2 = 225, without option here you can think of a 2 + b2 + 112 = (a+b)2 → 2ab = 112 or ab = 56. Since,
the numbers are consecutive, sifting through the factor pairs of 56 we can see the numbers as 7 and 8, respectively.
Exercise – 11
1. How many integers N in the set of integers (1, 2, 3,……100) are there such that N2 + N3 is a perfect square?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11
2. A boy was carrying a basket of eggs. He fell down and some of the eggs were broken. The boy has 10 eggs left
with him. When asked by his mother, how many eggs were broken, the boy could not recall. However, he
recalled that when 1 egg was left, he counted the total number of eggs as 3. When counted 4 at a time, 1 egg
was left and when counted 5 at a time, no egg was left. How many eggs were broken?
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 35
3. How many prime numbers are there which when divided by another prime number, gives a quotient which is
same as the remainder?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) more than 2
4. What is the remainder when 7 + 77 + 777 + 7777 + …. (till 100 terms) is divided by 8?
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
5. N2 = 12345678987654321. Find N.
(a) 101010101 (b) 11111 (c) 111111111 (d) 1000000001
6. How many number of zeroes will be there eat the end of 12! Expressed in base 6?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
7. How many divisors of 105 end with a zero?

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 16
8. When a certain tow digit number is added to another two digit number having the same digits in reverse
order, the sum is a perfect square. How many such two digit numbers are there?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
9. If p, (p+2), and (p+4) are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for p is:
10. P is a natural number, 2P has 28 divisors and 3P has 30 divisors. How many divisors of 6P will be there?
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 48
11. pqr is a three digit natural number such that pqr = p3 + q3 + r3 what is the vaue of r?
12. When asked about his date of birth in 1996, Mayank replied that last two digits of my birth year stands for my
age. When siddharth was asked about his age, he also replied the same, however, siddharth is older to
mayank. What is the difference in their age?
13. What is the value of N in the following expression 345 6 + 6327 + 4879 = (N)5?
(a) 10,412 (b) 11,214 (c) 10,412 (d) 21,412
14. Find the sum of all three digit numbers that give a remainder of 4 when they are divided by 5.
(a) 98, 270 (b) 99,270 (c) 1,02,090 (d) 90,270
15. Find the sum of all odd three digit numbers that are divisible by 5.
(a) 50,500 (b) 50,250 (c) 50,000 (d) 49,500
16. How many pairs of natural numbers are there the difference of whose squares is 45?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
17. In a four digit number, the sum of the digits in the thousands and tens is equal to 4, the sum of the digits in
the hundreds and the units is 15, and the digit of the units exceeds by 7 the digit of the thousands, among all
the numbers satisfying these conditions, find the number the sum of the product of whose digit of the
thousands by the digit of the units and the product of the digit of the hundreds by that of the tense assumes
the least value.
(a) 4708 (b) 1738 (c) 2629 (d) 1812
18. If we divide a two digit number by a number consisting of the same digits written in the reverse order, we get
4 as a quotient and 15 as a remainder. If we subtract 1 from the given number, we get the sum of the squares
of the digits constituting that number. Find the number.
19. The remainder obtained when 43101 + 23101 is divided by 66 is

(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 0
20. When 22225555 + 55552222 is divided by 7 the remainder is

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
21. If x is a number of five digits which when divided by 8, 12, 15 and 20 leaves respectively 5, 9, 12 and 17 as
remainders then find x such that it is the lowest such number.
(a) 10017 (b) 10057 (c) 10097 (d) 10077
32
3232
22. will leave a remainder
9
(a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 2
23. Find the remainder of 2100 when divided by 3.

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
24. Find the remainder when the number 31989 is divided by 7.

(a) 1 (b) 5 (d) 6 (d) 4
25. The remainder when 1010 + 10100 + 101000 + ……+ 1010000000000 is divided by 7 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
52
26. Find the remainder when 5051 is divided by 11.
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 3
87
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 3
62
28. Find the remainder when 5056 𝑖𝑠 divided by 11.
(a) 7 (b) 5 (d) 9 (d) 10
35
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2
30. How many integer values of x and y satisfy the expression 4x + 7y = 3 where |x| < 1000 and |y| < 1000?
31. How many factors of 19! are there, whose unit digit is 5?
32. A four digit number wxyz is such that x + y = 2w & y + 6z = 2(w+x) & w+ 5z = 2y find the sum of such four
digit numbers which satisfy the given conditions.
33. Amongst all the four digit natural numbers divisible by 24, how many have the number 24 in them?
34. A nine digit number abcdefghi is such that a is divisible by 1. Ab is divisible by2, abc is divisible by 3 and
abcd is divisible by 4 and so on where none of a, b, c, d…. is same and every digit is a non zero digit such a
number is:
(a) 123456789 (b) 381654729 (c) 126453789 (d) 826435791
35. If A and B are divided by D, then the remainder obtained are 13 and 31 respectively where A, B, D are natural
numbers. Further A+ B is divided by the same divisor D the remainder is 4, then the divisor D is:
(a) 14 (b) 23 (c) 40 (d) 18
36. Each family in gyanpur village has atmost two adults and the total number of boys in this village is less than
the number of girls, similarly the number of girls is less than the number of adults in the village. Raghubir
singh the chief of this village is the only adult in his family,. The minimum number of families in his village is:
33 3 33
37. Which of the following is correct if A = 33 , B = 333 , C = 33 , and D = 3333 ?
(a) A > B = C > D (b) C > A > B > D
(c) A > C > D > B (d) C > B > D > A
38. A number ‘p’ is such that it is divisible by 7 but not b 2. Another number ‘q’ is divisible by 6 but not by 5, then
the following expression which necessarily be an integer is:
7𝑝+ 6𝑞 5𝑝+6𝑞 6𝑝+7𝑞
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
42 71 42
39. The remainder when (888!)9999 is divided by 77 is:

40. There are six locks exactly with one key for each lock. All the keys are mixed to each other. The maximum
number of attempts needed to get the correct combination is:
(a) 21 (b) 15 (c) 6 (d) can’t be determined
41. One day very early morning Ravishankar went to temple to offer some flowers as a part of Puja. He
purchased some flowers but the seller offered him that if the would give him all his Rs. 2 he could get all the
remaining 6 flowers and thus could gain 60 paise per dozen, if each time the transaction is possible only in
rupees then how many flowers did Ravishankar purchase initially?
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 12
42. The sum of :

(22 + 42 + 62 + ….+1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 +….+992) is:
(a) 5555 (b) 5050 (c) 888 (d) 222
43. The remainder when 40 + 41+ 42 + 43 +….+440 is divided by 17 is:

44. Capt. Mano Pandey once decided to distribute 180 bullets among his 36 soldiers. But he gave n bullets to a
soldier of nth row and there were same number of soldiers in each row. Thus he distributed all his 180 bullets
among his soldiers. The number of soldiers in (n-1) the row was:
45. All the page numbers from a book are added, beginning at page 1. However, one page number was added
twice by mistake. The sum obtained was 1 000. Which page number was added twice? (CAT 2001)
A. 44 B. 45 C. 10 D. 12
46. If x = √2(1 + √2) then the value of x3 + x2 − 2x − 2 is

A. 0
B. 6√1 + √2 + 3 (1+√2)
C. 2√2 + 4 √1 + √2
D. 1+ √2
5𝑛+23
47. For how many integers n is 𝑛−7
also an integer?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
48. In the value of the number 30!, all the zeroes at the end are erased. Then, the unit digit of the number that is
left is
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
49. Let S = (3 + 32 + 33 + … + 3400) – (7 + 72 + 73 + … + 7201). The last two digits of S are

A. 00 B. 07 C. 43 D. 93
7
50. The remainder when 77 is divided by 9 is
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
51. If S = 52n+1 + 112n+1 + 172n + 1 where n is any whole number, then S is always divisible by
A. 7 B. 17 C. 19 D. 33
52. How many positive integers less than or equal to 120 are relatively prime to 120?
A. 24 B. 32 C. 36 D. 40
53. Given that x and y are integers and 5x2 + 2y2 = 5922, what can be the unit digit of y?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9
54. What is the remainder when the number 123123123 … … . .123123 is divided by 99?
300digits
A. 18 B. 27 C. 33 D. 36
55. The remainder when x200 – 2x199 + x50 – 2x49 + x2 + x + 1 is divided by (x – 1)(x – 2) is
A. 7 B. 2x – 3 C. 6x – 5 D. 0
56. If x = (163 + 173 + 183 + 193), then x divided by 70 leaves a remainder of (CAT 2005)
A. 69 B. 35 C. 0 D. 1
57. What is the remainder when 496 is divided by 6? (CAT 2003)

A. 0 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
58. What is the remainder when (17)36 + (19)36 is divided by 111?

A. 0 B. 2 C. 36 D. 110
59. How many zeroes are present at the end of 25! + 26! + 27! + 28! + 30!?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
60. Suppose you write the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3,…, 20 on the board. You perform following operation 20 times- You
pick up two numbers at random (call them a and b), erase them, and write down ⏐a -b⏐. Then, the final
number left on the board is
A. odd B. even C. more than 10 D. less than 10
Exercise – 07
1. X! is completely divisible by 1151 but not by 1152. What is the sum of digits of largest such number X?
2. How many times would I be used while writing all the natural numbers from 8 to 127 in the Binary number
system?
(a) 212 (b) 218 (c) 424 (d) 436
3. (3132!)10 = (x)34, then what will be the number of consecutive zeros at the end of ‘x’?
4. Which is larger A = 9911 + 10011 or B = 10111?

A. A B. B C. Both are equal D. Cannot be determined
5. The number 523abc is divisible by 7, 8 and 9. Then the value of a × b × c

A. is 10 B. is 60 C. is 180 D. cannot be determined
6. The number of integer solutions of the equation x2 + 12 = y4 is

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
7. Let N = 111…..111 When N is divided by 259, the remainder is R1 and when N is divided by 32,
73 times
the remainder is R2. Then R1 + R2 is equal to
A. 6 B. 8 C. 253 D. none of these
8. For how many integers m is m3 - 8m2 + 20m - 13 a prime number?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. more than 3
1617
9. What is the unit digit of 715 ?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 7 D. 9
2002!
10. In how many zeroes does end in?
(1001!)2
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
11. How many zeroes will be at the end of 27!27! ?

A. 36 B. 627! C. 6 × 27! D. 6! × 27!
12. M and N are two natural numbers such that M + N = 949. LCM of M and N is 2628. What is the HCF of M and
N?
A. 23 B. 73 C. 69 D. none of these
5200
13. If {x} denotes fractional part of x then { 8
} is
1 1 3 5
A. 8
B. 4
C. 8
D. 8
14. The highest power of 12 that can divide 536 – 1 is

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
15. The number 6162 in base 10 is written as (222) b. Then, the base b is equal to
A. 60 B. 55 C. 45 D. 42
16. If in some base x, (563)x + (544)x + (433)x = (2203)x then x is equal to

A. 6 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11
17. The number 2006! is written in base 22. How many zeroes are there at the end?
A. 500 B. 450 C. 200 D. 199
18. A three-digit number abc is divisible by 7 if

A. 3a + b + c is divisible by 7
B. a + 2b + c is divisible by 7
C. 2a + 3b + c is divisible by 7
D. 2a + 2b + c is divisible by 7
19. The digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are each used once to compose a five-digit number abcde such that the three-digit
number abc is divisible by 4, bcd is divisble by 5, and cde is divisble by 3. Find the digit a.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
20. How many factors of 1010 end with a zero?

A. 21 B. 90 C. 100 D. 121
21. A number has exactly 1024 factors. What can be the maximum number of prime factors of this number?
A. 10 B. 8 C. 6 D. 5
22. If A = 10! + 12! + 14! + 16! +…………100!, then the highest power of 2 in A is
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
16!
23. The smallest natural number n such that 𝑁
is a perfect square is
24. Find the largest positive integer n such that n 3 +100 is divisible by (n + 10)
25. Find the smallest number n such that n! is divisible by 990.
26. Let P be a prime number greater than 3. Then, when P 2 + 17 is divided by 12, the remainder is
27. A 101 digit number is formed by writing first 55 natural numbers next to each other. Find the remainder when
the number is divided by 16.
28. N is a natural number. How many values of N exist, such that N2 + 24N + 21 has exactly three factors?
29. What should be the values of a and b so that 30a0b03 is divisible by 13?
1. Ans. (c)
Solution: N2 + N3 = N2 (N+1)
For (N2 + N3) to be a perfect square, (N+1) should be a perfect square.
Further we know that there are 10 perfect squares till 100. However we cannot take (N+1) = (1→ N) = 0’
Therefore, there are 9 number for which N2 (N+1) will be a perfect square.
2. Ans. (a)
Solution: Let us first find the number that is divided by 3, 4 and 5. Which gives remainder 1, 1 and 0. Respectively. It
is equal to 25.
It is given that only 10 eggs are left now. It means 25 – 10 = 15 eggs has been broken.
3. Ans. (b)
Solution: There is only one set of prime number that satisfies the given condition, and the set of prime number is
(2,3)
4. Ans. (d)
7+7+777…….(𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 7 77 777
Solution: 8
=8+ 8
+ 8
….(till 100 terms)
7+5+1+1+1…..(𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 7+5+98 6
= =
8 8 8
Hence, remainder = 6
5. Ans. (c)
Solution: Following patterns can be observed:
(11)2 = 121
(111)2 = 12, 321
(1111)2 = 12, 34, 321
(111111111)2 = 12,345,678,987,654,321
6. Ans. (b)
Solution: In the case of decimal system we obtain 10 by multiplying 5 and 2. And then, to find the number of zeroes
we search the exponents of 5. In the case of base 6, 10 will be obtained by multiplying 3 and 2 therefore, here, we
will check for the exponents of 3 to know about the number of zeroes, obviously it is 5[12/3+12/9]
7. Ans. (c)
Solution: 105 = 25 x 55
Now, all the factors of 105 that will end in one zero will be zero power of 2 and (1-5) powers of 5 and vice versa
This will be equal to 9.
8. Ans. (c)
Solution: Let the number is AB
For perfect square = AB + Ba = (10A + B) + (10B + A) = 11(A+B)
For being a perfect square, (A+B) should be equal to 11.
Then(A+B) = 11 now find the sets of values of A and B.
9. Ans. (b)
Solution: There is only one set possible where p = 3, (p+2) = 5. And (p+4) = 7
In every other set, one number will be divisible by 3 and hence that number will not be a prime number.
10. Ans. (a)

Solution: 2P is having 28 (7 x 4) divisors but 3P is not having a total divisor, which is divisible by 7. Therefore, the
first part of the number P will be 25.
Similarly 3P is having 30 (3 x 10) divisors but 2P does not have a total divisor, which is divisible by 3 therefore,
second part o the number P will be 33. Therefor, P = 25 x 33
11. Ans. (d)

Solution: pqr can be 370 or 371. Therefore, it is not possible to arrive at a unique answer.
12. Ans. (b)

Solution: Mayank DOB = 1948 and Siddharth DOB = 1898
13. Ans. (a)

Solution: (N)5 = 3456 = 6327 + 4879 = 13710 + 31710 + 40310 = 85710 = 11,412
14. Ans. (b)

Solution: the required numbers would be numbers in the arithmetic progression 104, 109,114,119,……999 the sum of
1103
this series would be given as n x average = 180 x 2 = 99270
15. Ans. (d)

Solution: the required numbers would be numbers in the arithmetic progression 105, 115, 125,…..995. the sum of
1100
this series would be given as n x average = 90 x = 49500
2
16. Ans. (c)

Solution: (x + y) (x + y) = 45 working through factor pairs of 45, we get 15 x 3; 45 x 1 and 9 x 5 as the three factor
pairs here. The numbers are 9 & 6; 22& 23; 7&2.
17. Ans. (b)

Solution: Since this question has close ended options, it is fine if you were to solve it by just checking the options,
however, I would encourage you to solve this in a no option scenario too.
18. Ans. (d)

Solution: The number would obviously need to have 1 as its unit digit (as otherwise the quotient of 4 would not be
possible to achieve). Hence the only relevant numbers to check would be 71, 81 and 91 for a quotient of 4. Out of
these, the number 91 also meets the remainder of 15 requirements. Hence. The correct answer is 91.
19. Ans. (d)

Solution: 43101 + 23101 is of the form an + bn with n odd. Such a number can be written to be a multiple of (a+b). thus
the given expression is a multiple of (43+23) = 66. Hence the required remainder would be 0.
20. Ans. (a)

Solution: 22225555 ÷ 7 → 35555 ÷ 7 → 35 ÷ 7 → Remainder = 5;
55552222 ÷ 7 → 42222 ÷ 7 → 42 ÷ 7 → remainder = 2.
Hence the required remainder would be (5+2) ÷ 7 = 0.
21. Ans. (d)

Solution: Since the LCM of 20, 15, 12 and 8 is 120 we need the smallest 120n – 3 number is 5 digits 120 x 84 = 10080.
Thus the required number is 10080 – 3 = 10077.
22. Ans. (a)

32 32
Solution: 3232 ÷ 9 → 532 ÷ 9 = 56n+x ÷ 9.
We write this in the form of 56n+x because 56 leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 9. When we try to see 32 32 as
6n + x, we can find the value of x as the remainder of 2 32 when divided by 6. The following thought process would
help us find this value;
232 ÷ 6 = 231 ÷ 3 → remainder = 2 (by the an ÷ (a+1)rule) thus, 232 ÷ 6 would have a remainder of 2 x 2 = 4
Hence the required remainder would be 54 ÷ 9, which is 4.
23. Ans. (c)

Solution: Since the power on 2 is even, the remainder would be 1.
24. Ans. (c)

Solution: 36 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 1. If we look at the power 1989 as 6n +x, we will get x as 3. Hence the
remainder of 31989 ÷ 7 would be the same as the remainder of 33 ÷ 7, i.e. 6.
25. Ans. (d)

Solution: The remainder of (1010 + 10100 101000 + …….+1010000000000) ÷ 7 → (310 + 3100 + 31000 + …….+310000000000) ÷ 7 →
(34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34) ÷ 7 = remainder of 40 ÷ 7 → 5.
26. Ans. (b)

52 52
5051 651 610𝑥 𝑥 61
Solution: → = → remainder = 6.
11 11 11
27. Ans. (a)

87 87 87 87 8
3072 872 810𝑥 + 82 1 X 82 810𝑥 + 82
Solution: 11
→ 11
= 11
→ 11
→ 11
→ Remainder = 5
28. Ans. (b)

62 62
5056 656 610𝑥 +66
Solution: 11
→ 11
→ 11
→ remainder = 5
29. Ans. (d)

35 35
3334 534 56𝑥 𝑋 54
Solution: → = → remainder = 2.
7 7 7
30. Ans. (b)

Solution: The first solution easily visibly here would be at x = -1 and y = 1 in such equations, we should know that
the value of x would change with the coefficient of y, while the value of y would change with the coefficient of x (&
the two values would move in the middle). Thus the series of values of x from its highest positive value below 1000
to the lower limit of being just above – 1000 would be 993, 986,…..13,6-1,-8,-15,…-995. The number of terms in this
1988
series = + 1 = 285.
7
31. Solution: 1296

In order to solve this question, you would need to find the odd factors of 19! That are also multiples of 5.
19! = 216 x 38 x 53 x 72x 111 x 131x 171 x 191.
The required answer would be 1 x 9 x 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 81 x 16 = 1296.
32. Solution: 9723

X + y = 2w ……1
Y + 6z = 2 (w+x)……2
W + 5z = 2y…….3
From equation 2 – equation 1 we get: 6z – x = 2x or x = 2z
Substituting x = 2z in equation 1, we get : 2w – y = 2z …….4
Solving equation 3 and 4 we get w = 3x and y = 4z z:y: x = 1 : 4 : 2 :3
So 3241 and 6482 are two possible values of wxyz so the required sum = 3241 + 6482 = 9723.
Alternately,
you can think of values and try to fit in the conditions of the other equations. z and x can take only
4 feasible values: viz 1,2; 2,4;3,6 & 4,8
This gives us fur possibilities for the numbers. 2 1; 4 2; 6_3; 8 4. The fourth of these, with z = 4 can be eliminated by
looking at the third equation (w+5z= 2y) as it would need y to be greater than 10
For z = 3 and x = 6; we get w = 1 and y = 8 or w = 3 and y = 9 from the third equation, both these values do not
match the second equation.
For z = 2 and x = 4 we get w = 2 and y = 6 or w = 4 and y = 7 or w = 6 and y = 8 or w = 8 and y = 9 checking for the
second equation, only the values of w = 6 and y = 8 matches hence we get the number 6482.
Likewise, when you check for z = 1 and x = 2 you would be able to find the number 3241.
33. Solution: 25
If the 4- digit number is abcd then three cases are possible for the number to have 24 in it.
Ab24
Ab24 = 100ab + 24
24 is divisible by 24 and 100 x ab must be divisible by 24, 100 is divisible so 4 then ab must be divisible by 6. Possible
values of ab = 12, 18, 24 …..,96 so case b; if bc = 24 then the number are of the form a24b.
A24b must be divisible by 3 and 8 if a24b is divisible by 8 then 24b is divisible by 8. Possible values of b = 0, 8
Similarly a + 2 +4 +b = (a+b)+ 6 must be divisible by 3.
When b = 0 then a = 3, 6, 9 (3 possible cases)
When b = 8 then a = 1, 4, 7 (3 possible cases)
So there are total 6 possible cases.
Case C ab = 24 so the number should be of the form 24cdb.
24ab = 2400 + cd
2400 is divisible by 24, cd divisible by 24 when cd = 00, 24, 48, 72, 96 (5 possible cases)
However the number 2424 occurred in cases a and b both so the total possible numbers = 5 + 6 + 15 – 1 = 25.
34. Ans. (b)

Solution: No explanations available
35. Ans. (c)

Solution: If you go through option, then you will find option (c) is correct. Since divisor is always greater than
remainder.
𝐴
Alternatively : → Remainder 13
𝐷
𝐵
𝐷
→ Remainder 31
𝐴+𝐵
→ remainder should be 44
𝐷
But it is given that the remainder is 4.
Hence the divisor must be 40 (=44 - 4)
36. Ans. (c)

Solution: Since F < B < G < A
Now, if F = 1, then 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 adultas cannot be 4 in one family.
If F =2 then 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 adultas cannot be 5 in 2 families.
If F = 3, then 3 < 4 < 5 < 6 not possible since one family has only one adult.
Again If F = 4 then 4 < 5 < 6 < 7, possible since
(3 x 2) + (1 x 1) = 7
37. Ans. (b)

33 27
Solution: 𝐴 = 33 = 33
33 33
C = 33 = 33
Hence C > A.
Hence either (b) or (d) option is correct.
33 27
Now A = 33 = 33
And D = 3333 (Since 327>333)
Thus the correct relation is C > A > B > d/
Hence option (b) is correct.
38. Ans. (c)

Solution: Go through option
6𝑝+7𝑞 6𝑝 7𝑞
42
→ 42 + 42
Since p is divisible by 7 and q is divisible by 6 thus

6𝑝 7𝑞 6 𝑥 7𝑚+7 𝑥 6𝑛
42
+ 42 → 42
42(𝑚+𝑛)
= = (m + n)
42
39. Ans. (d)

Solution: (888!)999 = (1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x…….x 76 x 77 x 78x ….x 888)999
Since it has a factor as 77. Thus it has no remainder.
40. Ans. (b)

Solution: Let there be six locks A, B, C, D, E and F.
Then we need maximum 5 attempts to know the right ‘A’. again we need maximum 4 attempts to know the right
key for ‘B’. similarly we need 3, 2 and 1 attempts to know the proper key for the locks C, D and E. Now 1 key is
automatically left for the lock ‘F’. Thus the total number attempts required = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
41. Ans. (c)

Solution: Initially Ravi Shankar has only R.s 2 with him. Since we know that the Ravi Shankar can pay the sum in
rupees only it means he cannot pay in paise. Therefore he must have purchased initially the flowers of exactly Re. 1.
Now from the options consider option (c)
The number of flowers he has purchased for Re 1 = 4.
Later on he could purchased the number of flowers for toal Rs. 2 = 4 + 6 = 10.
Thus the initial cost of one dozen flowers = Rs. 3
And the changed cost of one dozen flowers = Rs. 2.40
Thus he could gain 60 paise per dozen. Hence the presumed option (c) is correct.
42. Ans. (b)

Solution: (22 + 42 + 62 + 82 + ….+ 1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 + …+ 992)
= (22 + 42 + 62 +……+ 1002) = [(12 +22 + 32 + 42+ …..+992 + 1002)]
= 2 (22 + 42 + ……1002) – (12 + 22 + 32 +…..+1002)
= 8 (12 + 22 + 32 + ……+ 502) – (12 +22 + 32 + 42 + ……1002)
50 𝑥 51 𝑥 101 100 𝑥 101 𝑥 201
=8( )-( )
6 6
101 𝑥 100 10100
= ( 6 ) (51 x 4 - 201) = ( 6
) x (3) = 5050,
Hence (b).
Alternatively:
(22 + 42 + 62 + 82 + ….+ 1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 + …+ 992)
= [(4 + 16 + 36 + 64 + ……+ 10000) – (1 + 9 + 25 + ….+ 9801)]
3+199
= 3 + 7 + 11 + 15 + ….+199 = ( ) x 50
2
202 𝑥 50
= ( 2
) = 101 x 50 = 5050
43. Ans. (d)

Solution: Let the sum of the expression be Sn then
Sn = 40 + 41 + 42 + 43 + ….+ 440
 Sn = (1 + 4 + 16 + 64) + 44 (1+4+16+64) + ….+ 436 (1+4+16+64) + 440
Since (1+4+16+64) = 85 is divisible by 17
hence except 440 remaining expression is divisible by 17.
440 (440 )10 110
( )→( )→( )
17 17 17
Hence the required remainder is 1.
44. Ans. (d)

36
Solution: let there be n rows, then the number of soldier in each row = 𝑛
(since the number of soldier in each row is same) now the number of bullets he gave to the first row = 1 bullet x
number of soldiers
And the number of bullets he gave to the second row = 2 bullets x number of soldiers
And the number of bullets he gave to the third row = 3 bullet x number of soldiers
Hence total number of bullets
36 36 36 36
= 1 x 𝑛 + 2 x 𝑛 + 3 x 𝑛 + …+n x 𝑛
36
180 = (1+2+3+….+n)
𝑛
36 𝑛(𝑛+1)
Or 180 = 𝑛
x 2
36(𝑛+1)
Or 180 = 2
 (n+1) = 10
 N=9
36
Thus the number of soldiers in each row = 9 = 4
Hence, there are 4 soldiers in 8th row.
45. Ans. (C)

Solution: The actual sum would be less then 1000. Let’s find out the nearest value of the sum n(n+1) = 1000
𝑛(𝑛+1)
⇒ )= 2000. We take the roots both sides to arrive at x as n and n+1 are two consecutive numbers and their
2
product = x2 =2000 ⇒ n = 44. For n=44, sum = 44X45 = 990. Therefore, page number 10 was added twice.
46. Ans. (C)

Solution: x = √2(1 + √2) X2 = 2+2√2 = (x2 -2) = 2√2
X3 + x2 – 2x – 2 = x(x2- 2) + x2 – 2 = (x2 - 2) (x+1)
= 2√2(√2(1 + √2) + 1
= 2√2 + 4√1 + √2
47. Ans. (D)

5𝑛+23 5(𝑛+7)+58
Solution: =
𝑛−7 𝑥−7
55 58
5+ . For this to be integer should be an integer ⇒ 58 is divisible by x-7 ⇒ x-7 = -58, -29, -2, -1, 1, 2, 29, 58 ⇒
𝑥−7 𝑧−7
We have corresponding 8 value for n.
48. Ans. (D)

Solution: Finding the powers of all the prime factors in 30! We obtain, 30! = 2 26 × 314 × 57 × 74 × 112 × 132 × 17 × 19 ×
23 × 29. Removing 27 × 57 for the number of zeroes, we obtain 219 × 314 × 74 × 112 × 132 × 17 × 19 × 23 × 29. We need
to find the units digit of this product to find the rightmost non-zero digit. The units digit of the product = units digit
of 8 × 9 × 1 × 1 × 9 × 7 × 9 × 3 × 9 = 8.
49. Ans. (D)

Solution: Let’s see the last two digits of summation in the groups of 4.
3 + 32 + 33 + 34 = 03 + 09 + 27 + 81 = 20
35 + 36 + 37 + 38 = 43 + 29 + 87 + 61 = 20
39 + 310 + 311 + 312 = 83 + 49 + 47 + 41 = 20
Similarly, for 7,
7 + 72 + 73 + 74 = 07 + 49 + 43 + 01 = 00
75 + 76 + 77 + 78 = 07 + 49 + 43 + 01 = 00
(3 + 32 + 33 + 34)+ (35+ 36 + 37 + 38)+ … + 3400 = (20) + (20) + … + 20 = 00
(7 + 72 + 73 + 74) + (75 + 76 + 77 + 78) + …+ 7200) + 7201 = 00 + 00 + 00 + …+ 00 + 07 = 07
Therefore, difference = 00 − 07 = 93.
50. Ans. (B)

Solution: 73 = 343 gives remainder 1 with 9. 777 = 775 × 72 = remainder with 9 (1 × 49) = 4.
51. Ans. (D)

Solution: an + bn is divisible by a + b when n is odd ⇒ 52n + 1 + 172n + 1 is divisible y 17 + 5 = 22 ⇒ 52n + 1 + 112n + 1 +
172n + 1 is divisible by 11. The expression is also divisible by 3. Therefore, it is divisible by 33. NOTE: Keeping n = 0
will give the answer straightaway.
52. Ans. (B)

1 1 1
Solution: The number of numbers less than and prime to 120 = 120 (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ) = 32
2 3 5
53. Ans. (D)

Solution: 5x2 + 2y2 = 5922, the R.H.S. is even and therefore, L.H.S. should also be even 2y2 is even therefore, 5x2
should also be even, therefore x will be even ⇒ 5x2 will end in 0. As the unit digit of R.H.S. is 2, the unit digit of 2y 2
should also be 2 ⇒ unit digit of y2 should be 1 ⇒ unit digit of y can be 9.
54. Ans. (C)

Solution: 123123123 … … . .123123 = 1231001001 … … . .1001 123(10297 + 10294 +10291 + …..103 + 1). gives
300digitseas 298 digits

a remainder of 10 with whereas 10even gives a remainder of 1 with 99. Therefore in the expression 10297 + 10294 + 10291
….+103 + 1, we will get 50 10 therefore remainder = 24 (50x 10 +50) = = remainder when 24 x 550 is divided by 99 =
33.
55. Ans. ()
Solution: . Let f(x) = x200 – 2x199 + x50 – 2x49 + x2 + x + 1.
Remainder by x − 1 = 1 ⇒ f(x) = G(x)(x − 1) + 1 --- (1)
Similarly, f(x) = H(x)(x − 2) + 7. --- (2)
Multiply 1 by (x − 2) and 2 by (x − 1), and subtract.
56. Ans. (C)

Solution 163 + 193 is divisible by 16 + 19 = 35, (an + bn) is divisible by a + b is n is ODD). Similarly, 173 + 183 is
divisible by 35. Also, the expression contains two even and two odd terms. Therefore, the sum is even. Therefore,
the whole expression is also divisible by 2 ⇒ it is divisible by 70:
57. Ans. (D)

Solution: Solution Not Available
58. Ans. (B)

Solution: 111 = 37 × 3. Therefore we find the remainder when the expression is divided by both 3 and 37. Now we
know that if x is prime to p, where p is a prime number, (x) p − 1 − 1 is divisible by p. In other words, (x) p − 1 gives
remainder 1 when divided by p. Therefore, both 1736 and 1936 will give remainder 1 with 37. Therefore, total
remainder with 37 = 1 + 1 = 2. Also, 1736 = (1718) 2 ⇒ will give remainder 1 with 3. Therefore, both 1736 and 1936 will
give remainder 1 with 3. Therefore, total remainder with 37 = 1 + 1 = 2. Therefore, remainder with 111 = 2.
59. Ans. (B)

Solution: 25! + 26! + 27! + 28! + 30! = 25! (1 + 26 + 27 × 26 + 28 × 27 × 26) + 30! = 25! × a number ending in 5 + 30! ⇒ 6
zeroes.
60. Ans. (B)
Solution: The concept can be understood easily in this way :- There are 10 odd numbers and 11 even numbers. The
10 odd numbers can be reduced to an even number only and the 11 even numbers can also be reduced to an even
number. The final reduced number would be even.
1. Solution: 14
X! is completely divisible by 1151 so the value of X should be less than 11 x 51 = 561
561 561
Highest power of 11 in 561! [ 11 ] + [ 112 ] + ….. = 51 + 4 = 55
528 528
If we subtract 11 x 3 = 33 from 561 we get 561 – 33 = 528 highest power of 11 in 528! Is [ 11 ] + [ 112 ] = 52
527 527
Highest power of 11 in 528 – 1 = 527! Is = [ ] + [ 2 ] = 47 + 4 = 51
11 11
So the required number is 527.
Sum of the digits = 5 + 2 + 7 = 14.
2. Ans. (d)
Solution: we need to look at writing the binary number system from 8 = (1000)2 to 127 = (1111111)2
There are 64 7-digit numbers in binary system are from 1000000 to 1111111. There are six digits after the leftmost 1.
Each of these 6 digits can be filled by either 0 or 1 and both are equally probable in any position so the number of 1
from 1000000 to
1
1111111 = 64 + 64 x x 5 = 32 + 80 = 112.
2
16
Similarly, from 10000 to 11111 there are 16 + 2
x 4 = 16 + 32 = 48.
1
Similarly, from 1000 to 1111 there are 8 + 8 x x 3 = 20
2
So total 1s = 20 + 48 + 112 + 256 = 436.
3. Ans. (c)
Solution: in base 34, 10 means 34, in base 10, 10 is obtained by multiplying 2 and 5 in base 34, it is obtained by
multiplying 2 and 17. Number of consecutive zeroes in base 34 at the end of the number is same as the number of
2’s and 17 in 3132! Since the number of 2’s is much more than number of 17’s so we count number of 17’s in 3132!
3132 3132
Maximum power of 17 in 3132! = [ 17
] + [ 172 ] = 184 + 10 = 194.
4. Ans. ()
Solution: (101)11- 9911 = (100 + 1)11 – (100-1)11
= (10011+ 10010 × 11 + 55×1009+ …. +1) – (10011- 11×10010 + 55×1009 ….1)
= 2(11×10010 + 165×1009+ ….. +1)
22 330
100111 - 9911 = 100 + 1000 + ……+ …..+ 1 < 1 (we can check that rest of the 1st term will be negligible.)
10011 10011
 10111 < 10011 + 9911
5. Ans. (A % C)
Solution: LCM of 7, 8, and 9 is 504. 523 abc when divided by 504 gives 19 abc= 19000 + abc. The remainder when
19000 is divided by 504 is 352 ⇒ 352 + abc is divided by 504 is 352.
⇒ 352 + abc = 504 or 504×2
⇒ abc = 152 or 656
⇒a×b×c
= 10 or 180
6. Ans. (A)
Solution: . y4-x2 = 12
⇒ (y2+x) (y2-x)
= 12.
y2-x and y2+x are two numbers at a difference of 2x, i.e an even number. Therefore we need to break 12 into product
of two number the difference between then being even
⇒ (y2 + x) (y2 – x) = 2×6 ⇒ x = +2 ⇒ y = ± 2
7. Ans. (D)
Solution: For a prime number P not equal to 2, 3 or 5 single digit (≠P) written P-1 times is divisible by P. 259 = 7×37
111…..111 is divisible by both 7 and 37 ➔ 111…..111 leaves remainder 1 with both 7 and 37 remainder by259=1
72times 72times
8. Ans. (C)
Solution: . m3 – 8m2 + 20m-13= (m-1) (m2 -7m+13). If this product has to yield a prime number, one of the
multiplicands has to be equal to 1 and the other one has to be equal to a prime number. m-1 =1 ⇒ m=2 ⇒ m2 –
7m+13 = 3. Therefore m=2 (m2 -7m+13) =1 ⇒ (m-3) (m-4)=0 ⇒ m = 3 or 4 ⇒ m-1 = 2 or 3
∴ therefore m = 2, 3, or 4
9. Ans. (C)
Solution: Remainder of 15, 16, 17 with 4=1
Unit digit = 7
10. Ans. (A)

2002!
Solution: 2002! Ends in 499 zeroes. (1001!)2 ends in 498 zeroes (1001!)2 Ends in a single zero.
11. Ans. (C)

Solution: 6 x 27!
12. Ans. (B)

Solution: 949 = 73×13, 2628 = 73× 9× 4
∴ M and can be 73× 9 , and 73× 4 .
⇒ HCF of M and N = 73
13. Ans. ()
5200 (52 )100
Solution: = = remainder → 1
8 8
14. Ans. (B)

Solution: 536 − 1 = (4 + 1)36 − 1 = 436 + 36 × 435 + … + 36 × 4 + 1 − 1 = 42(434 + 9 × 434 + … + 9).
Therefore, the highest power of 4 is 2.
536 − 1 = (6 − 1)36 − 1 = 636 − 36 × 635 + … − 36 × 6 + 1 − 1 = 63(633 − 634 + … − 1). Therefore, the highest power of 3 is
3. Therefore, the highest power of 12 is 2.
15. Ans. (B)

Solution: (222)n = 6162 ➔ 2b2 + 2b + 2 = 6162 ➔ b = 55
16. Ans. (B)

Solution: Adding the unit digit of the numbers on L.H.S., we get 3 + 4 + 3 = 10. But the unit digit is 3. Therefore,
base x is 3 less than 10 (the sum of units digit) or x = 7.
17. Ans. (D)

Solution: When we write 2006! In base 22, we successively divide 2006! by 22 and keep writing down the
remainders. The first remainder will become the units digit, the second remainder will become the tens digit, the
third remainder will become the hundreds digit and so on. Therefore, the number of zeroes that 2006! written in
base 22 will have will be equal to the number of times 22 divides 2006! completely. The number of times 22 divides
2006! completely is equal to the highest power of 22 in 2006! or equal to highest power of 11 in 2006!.
2006 2006 2006

The highest power of 11 in 2006! = [ ]+ [ ]+ [ ] = 182 + 16 + 1 = 199
11 11 1331
18. Ans. (C)

Solution: a b c = 100a + 10b + c = 98a + 2a + 7b + 3b + c = 7k + 2a + 3b + c.
19. Ans. (A)

Solution: . bcd is divisible by 5 ⇒ d = 5. abc is divisible y 4 ⇒ bc = 12, 32, 52 or 24. As b cannot be equal to 5, only
options are 12, 32, or 24 ⇒ c can be 2 or 4. cde is divisible by 3 ⇒ c5e is divisible by 3 ⇒ (c, e) = (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 4) or
(4, 3). Only the last value satisfies the condition that c can be 2 or 4. Therefore, c = 4 and e = 3. Also, this gives b = 2.
Therefore, a = 1
20. Ans. (C)

Solution: 1010 = 210 × 510 A factor will end in a zero if it has both 2 and 5 in it. Therefore we cannot take 20 or 50
in fornins the factors. Therefore, total number of factors having both 2 and 5 in it = 10×10 = 100
21. Ans. (A)

Solution: . Since 1024= 2× 2× 2× 2× 2× 2× 2× 2× 2× 2
So this no. can be, N= n1 ×n2 ×n3 ×n4 ×n5 ×n6 ×n7 ×n8 ×n9 ×n10
Where n1,n2,n3,----- n10 are prime no.
So, this number N can have 10 prime factors.
22. Ans. (B)

Solution: A= (10! + 12! + 14!+ 16!+ …..100!)
=10! [1 + e1 +e2 +e3 +….. e99]
= 10! × k
Since e1, e2, e3,……e99 each of them is even
∴ 1+ e1+ e2+ e3+….e99 = k = odd
The highest power of 2 is A in same as highest power of 2 in 10!
10
10 = 5, 2
∴ highest power of 2 in 10! In = 5+2+1= 8
23. Solution: 16! = 215 ×36 ×53 ×72 ×111 ×131

16!
Since has to be a perfect square, which means all prime factors should have even power.
𝑁
∴ n = 2× 5×11×13
= 1430
24. Solution: We know that (n3 + 103) which is nothing but (n3 + 1000) in divisible by (n+10) now, (n3 + 1000)
= (n3 + 100 + 900) Since (n3 + 100 + 900) is divisible by (n +10) for any value of n which means. (n3 +100) & 900
should be divisible by (n+10) now the largest possible value of (n+10) which can satisfy this in 900
∴ largest possible value of n = 900-10 = 890
25. Solution: 990= 2×32 × 5×11

We have to select n! in such a way that it should consist of 11, 5, 32 , and 2
∴ n= 11
And 11! = 28 ×34 ×52 ×71 ×11
∴ the smallest possible value of n = 11
26. Solution: We know that all prime number greater than 3 can be expressed as 6n = 1
𝑃2+17 (6𝑛+1)2 17 36𝑛2 +1+12𝑛+17
12
= 12
= 12
36n in divisible by 12
2
+ 12n in divisible by 12
1+17
Remainder for the above exp = Rem 12
18
= Rem
12
= Rem 6
27. Solution: the last 4 digit of the given sequence in 5455 the remainder of the given sequence would be same as
he remainders when we divide 5455 by 16
5455
Remainder = Rem
10
= 15
28. Solution: Only squares of prime numbers have exactly three factors
Let N2 + 24N + 21 = p2 ⇒ (N + 12 )2 – p2 = 123
⇒ (N+ 12 + p) (N + 12 – p) = 123 123 = 1 × 123 or 3 × 41
⇒ p = 61 or 19 ⇒ two values of N are possible.
29. Solution: Using the divisibility test of 13. 30a0b03 i.e. [‘b03’ + 3] – [‘0a0’] should be divisible 13.
⇒ [100b + 0 + 3 + 3] – [0 + 10a +0]
= 100b – 10a + 6 should be divisible by 13.
⇒ the ordered pairs (a, b) that satisfy it are :- (2, 3), (3, 7), (5, 2), (6, 6), (8, 1), (9, 5)

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Number System

The number line:

2. To find whether a number N is prime or not

Let P be the product of N1, N2, N3…

Hence the remainder when S is divided by D is the remainder when R 1 + R2 + R3 is divided by D.

What is the remainder when 22004 is divided by 7?

What is the remainder when 22006 is divided by 7?

What is the remainder when 2525 is divided by 9?

SOME SPECIAL CASES:

k(B × Q1 + R1) = Q × kB + R ➔ R = kR1.

What the remainder when 296 is divided by 96?

The common factor between 296 and 96 is 32 = 25

The concept of negative remainder

Find the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402.

Theorem1: an + bn is divisible by a + b when n is ODD.

What is the remainder when 3444 + 4333 is divided by 5?

What is the remainder when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is divided by 7?

Now (4)2222 + (3)5555 = (42)1111 + (35)1111 = (16)1111 + (243)1111.

202004 + 162004 – 32004 − 1 is divisible by:

Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.

When f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +... is divided by x – a

What is the remainder when x3 + 2x2 + 5x + 3 is divided by x + 1?

If 2x3 −3x2 + 4x + c is divisible by x – 1, find the value of c.

Find the remainder when 537 is divided by 63.

Find the last three digits of 57802.

57400 57400 𝑥 57400 57800

57802 57800 𝑥 572

Hence, the last two digits of 57802 are 249.

What is the remainder when n7 – n is divided by 42?

Now (n – 1)(n)(n + 1) is divisible by 3! = 6. Hence n7 – n is divisible by 6 x 7 = 42. Hence the remainder is 0.

Fermat's Little Theorem

Find the remainder when 5260 is divided by 31.

Find the remainder when 40! is divided by 41.

Find the remainder when 39! is divided by 41.

Therefore, 39! should give remainder 1 with 41.

Chinese Remainder Theorem

Following example will make it clear.

3101 3100 𝑥 3 (310)10 𝑥 3 1𝑥3

Some Special Problems:

Find the remainder when 123456789101112……..40 is divided by 36.

Find the remainder when 112123123412345…12345678 is divided by 36.

Answer: Nth term of the series = n × n! = (n + 1 − 1) × n! = (n + 1)! − n!

Therefore, p = 2! − 1! + 3! − 2! + 4! − 3! + … + 11! − 10! = 11! − 1! ⇒ p + 2 = 11! + 1 ⇒ remainder by 11! = 1

𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2) 99 𝑥 100 𝑥 101

What is the remainder when ⏟

How to find the number of divisors of a number:

Any divisors of 60 will have powers of 2 equal to either 20 or 21 or 22.

Therefore, the number of divisors = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12.

Notice that we have added 1 each to powers of 2, 3 and 5 and multiplied.

Now for the formula:

3. How many divisors of 21600 are perfect squares?

4. What is the sum of divisors of 60?

5. Find the sum of even divisors of 25 × 35 × 54

Therefore, sum of even divisors = (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25) × (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35) × (1 + 5 + 52+ 53 + 54)

Therefore, 1614 is the smallest bold number.

What is the product of divisors of 60?

The divisors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36.

Number of numbers less than or prime to a given number: