KENT ROYD AYING BSEE 4-H

ASSIGNMENT # 3

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

• Power House atmosphere. Therefore, unlike most fossil fuel and
A power plant or powerhouse, and sometimes nuclear power plants, they dump no waste heat into
generating station or generating plant, is an industrial rivers or surface water.
facility for the generation of electric power. C. Gas removal system
A. Steam turbines Geothermal gas removal involves the removal of air
allow power plants to generate power using a gas and other non-condensable gases from the steam space
turbine and utilize gas and heat produced in the process of the condensers. However, in geothermal power plants,
to generate steam that, in turn, produces additional the steam used to drive the turbine is extracted from
power. the earth and contains large amounts of corrosive
gases.
B. Alternator D . Hydrogen sulfide (sulphide) abatement system
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in The system is a dry-type that oxidizes H2S gas
the form of alternating current. The turbine’s axis is with a catalyst and generates by-product molten sulfur.
connected to the rotor of the alternator, that rotates It is the world’s first application with this type of
and transforms the mechanical energy into alternating system in a geothermal power station. The H2S
electric current, which is then transmitted to the abatement efficiency is high (over 90%) and the
transformer. system is easy to operate.
C. Switchboard and Switchgear
A switchgear is also useful in identifying fault
conditions and cutting off the power supply by WIND POWER PLANT
disconnecting and isolating it from the circuit. A • Foundation or Base
switchboard is used to distribute power to multiple The main task of foundation of wind turbine is
sources and transmitting it to individual loads, that it transfers and spreads the loads to the soil at
transformers, panel boards and control equipment. depth. The vertical and horizontal forces which act on
D. Transformer the turbine foundation are due to self-weight and wind
The transformer raises the voltage of the electric respectively. The height of wind turbine tower varies
energy and transfers it to the distribution network. usually from 40 m to 130 m.
The steam that exits the turbine is returned to the
liquid state in a condenser, while the gases that • Tower
cannot be condensed are dispersed in the atmosphere Made from tubular steel, the tower supports
the structure of the turbine. Towers usually come in
• Accessories three sections and are assembled on-site. Because wind
The main components in a geothermal power plant speed increases with height, taller towers enable
at The Geysers are the steam turbine, generator, turbines to capture more energy and generate more
condenser, cooling tower, gas removal system and electricity.
hydrogen sulfide abatement system. • Nacelle
A nacelle of a wind turbine is an enclosed housing
A. Condenser that stokes turbine’s generating parts (drivetrain),
A condenser is normally used on all geothermal mainly generator, gearbox, drivetrain, and brake
plants to increase the power by maximizing pressure assembly.
drop across the turbine. Condensing the steam at the A. Alternator
turbine exhaust creates a vacuum (0.15 atm), thus A wind turbine alternator is an electrical
maximizing the pressure drop and power output. machine making the conversion from mechanical energy
B. Cooling Tower to electrical energy in a wind turbine.
Geothermal power plants use cooling towers or B. Gearbox
air-cooled condensers to reject waste heat into the A gearbox is typically used in a wind turbine to
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increase rotational speed from a low-speed rotor to a devices and equipment at a solar PV plant in order
higher speed electrical generator. to meet specified setpoints and change grid
C. Brake parameters at the Point of Interconnect (POI).
A wind turbine rotor brake is a brake placed E. Transformers
next to the gearbox that reduces the rotational speed Transformers are critical components in solar
of the blade assembly, fixes the blade so that it does energy production and distribution. Historically,
not rotate in the case of power transmission transformers have “stepped-up” or “stepped-down”
maintenance or power generator rest, and in an energy from non-renewable sources.
emergency.
D. Control Electronics F. Switchgear
The wind turbine controller consists of a number Switchgears provide sufficient segmentation
of computers which continuously monitor the condition of the MV system to reduce the extent of circuit
of the wind turbine and collect statistics on its outages during electrical work on cables and power
operation. As the name implies, the controller also stations
controls a large number of switches, hydraulic pumps,
valves, and motors within the wind turbine. • Solar Thermal
E. Switchgear Solar thermal power plants are electricity
The switchgear includes a first switching device generation plants that utilize energy from the Sun
associated with the transformer, and a second to heat a fluid to a high temperature. This fluid
switching device associated with one or more cables then transfers its heat to water, which then
connecting the wind turbine to another wind turbine in becomes superheated steam.
the collector.
A. Reflectors (heliostats)
SOLAR POWER PLANT Reflectors are used in the solar technology
• Solar Photovoltaic to concentrate the sunlight onto the solar panels.
Solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells, They employ glass as a base material with a silver
convert sunlight directly into electricity. coating and a protective layer over it.
Photovoltaics (often shortened as PV) gets its B. Receivers
name from the process of converting light (photons) The solar receiver absorbs the concentrated
to electricity (voltage), which is called the solar radiation by collectors and transfers it to the
photovoltaic effect. heat transfer fluid (HTF) which is used to feed
A. Solar Panel Cell high-temperature heat to a power conversion
A panel designed to absorb the sun’s rays as a system.
source of energy for generating electricity or heating. C. Power House
B. Inverters A power plant or powerhouse, and
An inverter is one of the most important pieces sometimes generating station or generating plant,
of equipment in a solar energy system. It’s a device is an industrial facility for the generation of electric
that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is power.
what a solar panel generates, to alternating current
(AC) electricity, which the electrical grid uses. I. Boiler
C. Racking and Solar Battery Storage Boilers are used in power plants in order to
A solar racking system is used to safely fix produce high pressured steam, so that the plant
solar panels to various surfaces such as roofs, can generate electricity
building facades, or the ground. A Solar Battery J. Steam Turbine
Storage is a device that reserves energy for later Steam turbine generator sets convert solar
consumption that is charged by a connected solar energy into electricity. Instrumentation and
system. The stored electricity is consumed after controlls help to make optimal use of every single
sundown, during energy demand peaks, or during a sun beam.
power outage. K. Generator
D. Controllers The steam turbine generator is the primary
A Power Plant Controller (PPC) is used to power conversion component of the power plant. The
regulate and control the networked inverters, function of the steam turbine generator is to
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 convert the thermal energy of the steam from the enclosure.
steam generator to electrical energy. D. Transformer
L. Switchgear A power plant transformer is a device used for
-Switchgears provide sufficient segmentation of generating electrical power from one voltage level to
the MV system to reduce the extent of circuit outages another.
during electrical work on cables and power stations. E. Switchgear and Control
M. Transformer Switchgear-control functions allow system
A transformer is an electrical device designed operating personnel to modify a loaded system at any
and manufactured to step voltage up or step down. moment. This control relates to all switching operations
Electrical transformers operate on the principle of in normal service conditions for energizing or de-
magnetic induction and have no moving parts. energizing a part of a system or installation, or an
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT individual piece of equipment, item of plant, etc.
COMBINE CYCLE POWER PLANT
• Fuel Depot and Fuel Handling System
Fuel handling machines are used to load and • Fuel and fuel handing system
unload the reactor core as well as transport the Fuel handling machines are used to load and
fuel elements in the reactor pond. The fuel elements unload the reactor core as well as transport the
are always handled by a purpose-built high-grade fuel elements in the reactor pond. The fuel elements
steel grab that is built into a high-grade steel are always handled by a purpose-built high-grade
telescopic mast. steel grab that is built into a high-grade steel
A. Storage telescopic mast.
The concept of an energy storage system is • Power House
simple; store power when there is a surplus, and A power plant or powerhouse, and sometimes
then provide power to the grid when there is a generating station or generating plant, is an industrial
demand. facility for the generation of electric power.
B. Piping System A. Combustor
Piping systems are an important part of A combustor is a component or area of a gas
power plant construction because they have a major turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion
influence on how efficiently and cost-effectively a takes place.
plant operates. B. Turbine
• Power House A turbine is a device that harnesses the kinetic
A power plant or powerhouse, and energy of some fluid – such as water, steam, air, or
sometimes generating station or generating plant, combustion gases – and turns this into the rotational
is an industrial facility for the generation of electric motion of the device itself.
power. C. Alternator
A .Combustion Engine An alternator is an electrical generator that
Combustion engines employ the expansion of converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the
hot gases to push a piston within a cylinder, form of alternating current.
converting the linear movement of the piston into D. Condenser and Accessories
the rotating movement of a crankshaft to The surface condenser in a gas power plant is
generate power. located directly downstream of the steam turbine. The
B. Alternator steam flow from the turbine exhaust condenses on the
An alternator, as an integral part of every outer surface of the condenser cooling tubes, while the
combustion engine vehicle, its main responsibility is cooling water flowing through the tubes absorbs the
to convert chemical energy to electrical energy so rejected heat. The accessories of gas power plant are
that you can charge and replenish the battery in tachometer, lubricating oil pump, filters, starting motor,
your engine. governor mechanisms, mufflers and oil coolers.
C. Switchboard and Control E. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG).
A switchboard is a component of an electrical A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of
distribution system which divides an electrical power the major pieces of equipment in a gas turbine
feed into branch circuits while providing a protective combined cycle power plant that boasts a high thermal
circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit in a common efficiency and produces minimal CO2 emissions
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