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    Additional Question AE 305 717 Tutorial 3 Solution

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    HIMANSHU VERMA
    This document discusses aircraft flight dynamics and mechanics. It contains solutions to tutorial problems involving: 1) Examining the change in static margin when propeller thrust enhances dynamic pressure on the wing but not the tail. 2) Calculating locations of aerodynamic centers, coefficient of pitching moment due to elevator deflection, trim angle of attack, and elevator deflection for a Piper Cherokee aircraft. 3) Deriving an analytical expression for downwash angle ε on the horizontal tail as a function of angle of attack using Prandtl's lifting line theory.

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    Additional Question AE 305 717 Tutorial 3 Solution

    Uploaded by

    HIMANSHU VERMA
    20 views3 pages
    This document discusses aircraft flight dynamics and mechanics. It contains solutions to tutorial problems involving: 1) Examining the change in static margin when propeller thrust enhances dynamic pressure on the wing but not the tail. 2) Calculating locations of aerodynamic centers, coefficient of pitching moment due to elevator deflection, trim angle of attack, and elevator deflection for a Piper Cherokee aircraft. 3) Deriving an analytical expression for downwash angle ε on the horizontal tail as a function of angle of attack using Prandtl's lifting line theory.

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    This document discusses aircraft flight dynamics and mechanics. It contains solutions to tutorial problems involving: 1) Examining the change in static margin when propeller thrust enhances dynamic pressure on the wing but not the tail. 2) Calculating locations of aerodynamic centers, coefficient of pitching moment due to elevator deflection, trim angle of attack, and elevator deflection for a Piper Cherokee aircraft. 3) Deriving an analytical expression for downwash angle ε on the horizontal tail as a function of angle of attack using Prandtl's lifting line theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views3 pages

    Additional Question AE 305 717 Tutorial 3 Solution

    Uploaded by

    HIMANSHU VERMA
    This document discusses aircraft flight dynamics and mechanics. It contains solutions to tutorial problems involving: 1) Examining the change in static margin when propeller thrust enhances dynamic pressure on the wing but not the tail. 2) Calculating locations of aerodynamic centers, coefficient of pitching moment due to elevator deflection, trim angle of attack, and elevator deflection for a Piper Cherokee aircraft. 3) Deriving an analytical expression for downwash angle ε on the horizontal tail as a function of angle of attack using Prandtl's lifting line theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Aerospace Engineering

    AE 305 Flight Mechanics II Tutorial 3


    AE 717 Aircraft Flight Dynamics March 20, 2023

    1. An aircraft is designed with a static margin of 5% ignoring the effect of wing-mounted


    propellers. With the propellers running at cruise setting, suppose that the dynamic
    pressure is enhanced by 25% on the wing and to a negligible extent on the horizontal tail
    due to the flow behind the propeller. Examine the change in the static margin. Make
    reasonable assumptions where necessary.
    Sol:-

    St lt′
    Let Vh′ = Sc

    XN P St lN P
    =
     c Sc
    XN P St
    1+ = Vh′
    c S
    XN P Vh′
    =
    c 1 + SSt

    After including the new, enhanced dynamic pressure as

    X¯N P Vh′
    = St
    , ν = 0.25
    c 1+ν+ S

    Change in static margin (SM) is

    X¯N P − XN P
    ∆SM =
    " c #
    −ν
    = Vh′ St
     St
    
    1+ S 1+ν+ S
    AE 308 & AE 775 Tutorial 3 March 20, 2023

    original SM = 5%,

    XCG XN P Vh′
    = 0.95 × = 0.95 ×
    c c 1 + SSt
       
    1 XCG −ν
    ∆SM ≈
    0.95 c 1+ν
    St
    Assuming S
    ≪1
    2. An aircraft (based on the PA-28 Piper Cherokee) weighing 960 kg has the following
    geometric characteristics:
    wing span = 9.14 m; wing area = 15 sq. m; tail area = 2.5 sq. m; tail span = 3.1 m.
    Airfoil: NACA 652 − 415
    Distance between the LE’s of the wing and the tail: 4.4 m. The elevator spans the entire
    length of the horizontal tail and its width is 25% of the tail chord. Assume that (i) the
    wing and the tail are rectangular; (ii) the horizontal tail is set to a zero incidence angle,
    and (iii) the static margin is 5%.
    The aircraft is cruising at a speed of 54 m/s at an altitude where the density of air is 0.67
    kg/m3 .
    (a) Sketch the wing, the tail and the FRL on a line diagram, together with the aerody-
    namic centres of the wing and the tail. Assume that the FRL and the chord of the
    wing are collinear.
    (b) Determine the CG location for the given static margin.
    (c) Assume that the elevator can be modeled as a small “wing” experiencing 80% of the
    free-stream dynamic pressure. Determine the coefficient of pitching moment due to
    the elevator deflection; i.e., Cm,de∗ .
    (d) Calculate the trim angle of attack and the corresponding elevator deflection at the
    aforementioned cruising condition.
    Sol:- Note- Parts (a) and (b) covered in the previous tutorial
    (c)

    2.5
    The tail can be viewed as a series of airfoils. Ct = 3.1
    ≈ 0.8m

    2
    AE 308 & AE 775 Tutorial 3 March 20, 2023

    Moment due to tail,


    1
    Mt = − ρV∞2 St lt CLt
    2
    CLt = CLα (0.75α + 0.8 × 0.25 × (α + δe ))
    = CLα (0.95α + 0.2δe )
    St lt St lt
    Cmδe = (0.2CLα ) ≈ −1.2 = −0.068
    Sc Sc

    (d) Use this to calculate δetrim using Cm = 0, Please see the Q.3 solution of Tutorial 3.
    3. In class, we discussed how the effect of downwash on the horizontal tail can be captured
    by adding a component - ϵ to the angle of attack of the horizontal tail. Using Prandtl’s
    lifting line theory is its simplest form, where the entire wing is modeled via a single vortex
    filament, determine an analytical expression for as ϵ a function of the angle of attack. For
    simplicity, you may calculate the value of ϵ at the FRL.

    Sol:- Use the derivation from Nelson (Page N. - 47 to 49)

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