Astm C695

An American National Standard
Designation: C695 – 91 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for

Compressive Strength of Carbon and Graphite1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5.2 Spherical Bearing Blocks attached to the upper or lower

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- head of the machine in such a manner that the spherical
pressive strength of carbon and graphite at room temperature. surfaces are in full contact when not loaded. The center of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the curvative of the spherical surface shall lie on the surface that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the contacts the specimen and on the machine axis. The spherical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- surfaces shall be well-lubricated. The radius of the spherical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- surface shall be equal to or greater than the radius of the test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimen.
5.3 Steel Contact Blocks may be used above or below the
2. Referenced Documents specimen, or both, to protect fixture and test machine surfaces
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 from damage, as illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Contact block
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and surfaces shall be plane and parallel to within 0.0005 in./in.
Graphite (0.0005 mm/mm).
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines 5.4 All load-bearing machine and fixture surfaces shall have
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in a minimum hardness of 45 HRC and surface finish of 16 µin.
ASTM Test Methods (0.4 µm) rms maximum. Surfaces in contact with the specimen
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to shall be flat to less than 0.0005 in./in. (0.0005 mm/mm).
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 5.5 Examples of arrangements of the load train are shown
schematically in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3. Terminology
6. Sampling
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to manu-
factured carbon and graphite, see Terminology C709. 6.1 Samples may be taken from locations and orientations
that satisfy the objectives of the test.
4. Significance and Use
7. Test Specimen
4.1 Carbon and graphite can usually support higher loads in
compression than in any other mode of stress. This test, 7.1 The test specimen shall be a right cylinder with ends
therefore, provides a measure of the maximum load-bearing machined to yield planar and parallel faces. These faces shall
capability of carbon and graphite objects. be perpendicular to the cylindrical surface to within 0.001
in./in. (0.001 mm/mm) of diameter total indicator reading. All
5. Apparatus surfaces shall have a surface finish visually comparable to 32
5.1 Test Machine, conforming to Practice E4 and to the µin. (0.8 µm) rms or better. Reasonable care should be
requirements for speed of testing prescribed in Section 8 of this exercised to assure that all edges are sharp and without chips or
test method. other flaws.
7.2 The diameter of the test specimen shall be greater than
1
ten times the maximum particle size of the carbon or graphite.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on The ratio of height to diameter may vary between 1.9 and 2.1.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products. The recommended minimum test specimen size is 3⁄8 in. (9.5
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally mm) diameter by 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) high.
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C695–91(2000). DOI:
10.1520/C0695-91R05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
C695 – 91 (2005)
FIG. 1 Elements of Compressive Strength Load Train
FIG. 2 Compressive Test Arrangement with Spherical Blocks on Bottom
8. Procedure where:
8.1 Center the specimen in the machine between the contact C = compressive strength of specimen, psi (or MPa),
surfaces. The deviation of the specimen axis from the machine W = total load on the specimen at failure, lbf (or N), and
axis shall be less than 5 % of the specimen diameter. Centering A = calculated area of the gage section of the specimen,
can be assisted by appropriate circles marked on the contact in.2(or mm2).
surfaces.
8.2 Place an appropriate guard around the specimen to 10. Report
deflect flying fragments at failure. 10.1 The report shall include the following:
8.3 Apply the load continuously, at a constant rate of 10.1.1 Type of testing machine, hydraulic or screw,
crosshead or platen movement, and without shock until ulti- 10.1.2 Type and size of contact blocks,
mate failure. Choose the rate of movement so that average 10.1.3 General description of material being tested,
rupture time is greater than 30 s. 10.1.4 Dimensions, location, and orientation of specimens,
8.4 If the test machine is equipped with a load or strain 10.1.5 Details of specimen preparation,
pacing device, a constant load or strain rate may be used. 10.1.6 Rate of crosshead or platen movement, or load rate,
or strain rate,
9. Calculation
10.1.7 Load at failure, failure mode, and compressive
9.1 Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen as strength of each specimen, and
follows: 10.1.8 Mean compressive strength and standard deviation
C 5 W/A for material tested.
2
C695 – 91 (2005)
11. Precision and Bias 3 Repeatability within laboratory 5 2 ~Sr!j
11.1 Precision—The precision statements given in this sec- which yields a value for the materials used in the round robin
tion are based on the comparison of the mean strength by the of 469 psi (3.2 MPa) for one material and 522 psi (3.6 MPa) for
Student “t” test and carrying out the statistical analysis of the the other. These values convert into strength percentages of 65
data obtained in a round robin as recommended by Practice for one material and 62.5 for the other.
E691. The round robin was carried out on two materials. 11.1.3 Repeatability (Multi-Instrument)— The precision be-
11.1.1 Comparison of the Means—The comparison of the tween laboratories of two single values of measured strength
means by the Student “t” test leads to the conclusion that the using Practice E177 definition with the component of variance
average strength values measured by each laboratory on each between laboratories calculated using Practice E691 is:
material can be considered statistically equal at 95 % confi- Repeatability between laboratories 5 2 ~SL!j
dence level.
which yields a value for the materials used in this round
11.1.2 Repeatability (Single Instrument)— The precision
robin of 347 psi (2.4 MPa) for one material and 135 psi (1
within laboratory of two single values of measured strength
MPa) for the other. This converts into strength percentages of
using Practice E177 definition with the pooled standard devia-
63 for one material and 61 for the other.
tion calculated using Practice E691:
11.2 Bias—No true statement on bias can be made because
no reference carbon or graphite material exists.
3
12. Keywords
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report C05-1010. 12.1 carbon; compressive strength; graphite
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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An American National Standard

Designation: C695 – 91 (Reapproved 2005)

Standard Test Method for

1. Scope 5.2 Spherical Bearing Blocks attached to the upper or lower

FIG. 1 Elements of Compressive Strength Load Train

FIG. 2 Compressive Test Arrangement with Spherical Blocks on Bottom

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