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    I. Pathophysiology A. Algorithm: Predisposing Factors: Etiology: Precipitating Factors

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    Dane Yel
    Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by a streptococcal infection that triggers an immune response and inflammation of the glomeruli. Predisposing factors like age, gender, and family history increase risk. Symptoms include fever, edema, tachycardia, abdominal distension, lung crackles, and tea-colored urine. Treatment involves antibiotics, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors to reduce inflammation and swelling and help the kidneys filter blood properly.

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    I. Pathophysiology A. Algorithm: Predisposing Factors: Etiology: Precipitating Factors

    Uploaded by

    Dane Yel
    22 views3 pages
    Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by a streptococcal infection that triggers an immune response and inflammation of the glomeruli. Predisposing factors like age, gender, and family history increase risk. Symptoms include fever, edema, tachycardia, abdominal distension, lung crackles, and tea-colored urine. Treatment involves antibiotics, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors to reduce inflammation and swelling and help the kidneys filter blood properly.

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    Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by a streptococcal infection that triggers an immune response and inflammation of the glomeruli. Predisposing factors like age, gender, and family history increase risk. Symptoms include fever, edema, tachycardia, abdominal distension, lung crackles, and tea-colored urine. Treatment involves antibiotics, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors to reduce inflammation and swelling and help the kidneys filter blood properly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    22 views3 pages

    I. Pathophysiology A. Algorithm: Predisposing Factors: Etiology: Precipitating Factors

    Uploaded by

    Dane Yel
    Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by a streptococcal infection that triggers an immune response and inflammation of the glomeruli. Predisposing factors like age, gender, and family history increase risk. Symptoms include fever, edema, tachycardia, abdominal distension, lung crackles, and tea-colored urine. Treatment involves antibiotics, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors to reduce inflammation and swelling and help the kidneys filter blood properly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    I.

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    A. ALGORITHM

    Predisposing Precipitating Factors:


    Factors:  Family history of
     Age: 5 years old ETIOLOGY: Hypertension
     Male Gender Streptococc  Fever
     Family history of al infection  productive cough
    Hypertension  edema with tea colored
    urine
     dyspnea
    Release of material
    from the organism,
    into the circulation
    (antigen)

    Formation of antibody

    Immune complex reaction


    in the glomerular capillary

    Signs and symptoms:


    Inflammatory response
     Fever: 37.2°C

    Proliferation of epithelial
    cells lining glomerulus &
    cells between
    endothelium & epithelium
    of capillary
    membrane
    Swelling capillary
    membrane & infiltration
    with leukocytes

    ↑ Permeability of base
    Signs and symptoms:
     Presence of membrane
    Edema

    Occlusion of the
    capillaries of the
    glomeruli vasospasm of
    afferent ventricles

    ↓ Glomerular filtration
    rate Signs and symptoms:
     Tachycardia Treatment:
     Abdominal  Penicillin G750,
    distension with 000 IV q6 ANST.
    Retention of H2O & Na;  Paracetamol 160g
    abdominal girth of
    hypovolemia; 52 cm IV q4 PRN.
    circulatory congestion  Lung crackles  Furosemide 15mg
     Tea colored urine IV q8
     Captopril 25mg ½
    TAB BID
    ACUTE
    GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
    Explanation
    Acute Glomerulonephritis is the sudden onset of inflammation of the glomeruli from infections
    originating from different parts of the body.
    In the patient's case, predisposing and precipitating factors increased his vulnerability to
    acquire the disease, such as gender, family history of hypertension and age. AGN mostly affects
    boys aged 5-9. The United States has recorded 0.02% of their total population, or 61,422
    incidence within a year. That makes 1:4,428 people in the US is affected or had suffered from
    AGN..
    It is generally accepted that the most common cause of AGN is an infection that is
    brought by group-A haemolytic streptococcus. This are infections that commonly misinterpreted
    as common sore throat and left unattended. Antigen-antibody circulating immune complexes are
    subsequently deposited along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Antibodies to
    streptoccocus (eg antistreptolysin O) are formed in the circulation. The immune response causes
    inflammation of the glomeruli. Scarring on kidney tissues then occurs, leading to the decrease in
    ability of the kidney to filter the blood and produce urine. Structurally, cellular proliferation
    leads to an increase in the number of cells in the glomerular tuft because of the proliferation of
    endothelial, mesangial, and epithelial cells. The proliferation may be endocapillary (ie, within the
    confines of the glomerular capillary tufts) or extracapillary (ie, in the Bowman space involving
    the epithelial cells). In extracapillary proliferation, proliferation of parietal epithelial cells leads
    to the formation of crescents, a feature characteristic of certain forms of rapidly progressive GN.
    Leukocyte infiltration is indicated by the presence of neutrophils and monocytes within the
    glomerular capillary lumen and often accompanies cellular proliferation. This process increases
    glomerular permeability and capillary pressure, causing large molecules, such as proteins, to leak
    through the glomerulus. Hence, high protein levels in the urine decrease oncotic pressure,
    allowing fluid buildup or edema to happen. When the glomerular filtration rate has severely
    decreased, it leads to a decrease in urine output and sodium and water retention. As a result, it
    leads to tachycardia, abdominal distension with abdominal girth of 52 cm, a presence of lung
    crackle and a tea colored urine. Furthermore, if retention of H2O & Na; hypovolemia; circulatory
    congestion will not be cured it can result to a rupture of the kidney. If rupture is to be treated, the
    client will need medications. If treatment will be successful, it will lead to wellness of life.

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