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    Crack Morphology

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    Forood Torabian Isfahani
    There are two types of cracks: 1) radial cracks caused by tensile stress and 2) transverse cracks and construction joints caused by autogenous shrinkage. During dewatering, radial cracks close while transverse cracks and joints open due to compressive stress. In steady state, radial cracks remain continuously open for 10 hours per day during generating and pumping while transverse cracks and joints close. Crack width and water flow increase with higher differential pressure.

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    Crack Morphology

    Uploaded by

    Forood Torabian Isfahani
    27 views2 pages
    There are two types of cracks: 1) radial cracks caused by tensile stress and 2) transverse cracks and construction joints caused by autogenous shrinkage. During dewatering, radial cracks close while transverse cracks and joints open due to compressive stress. In steady state, radial cracks remain continuously open for 10 hours per day during generating and pumping while transverse cracks and joints close. Crack width and water flow increase with higher differential pressure.

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    Crack morphology

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    There are two types of cracks: 1) radial cracks caused by tensile stress and 2) transverse cracks and construction joints caused by autogenous shrinkage. During dewatering, radial cracks close while transverse cracks and joints open due to compressive stress. In steady state, radial cracks remain continuously open for 10 hours per day during generating and pumping while transverse cracks and joints close. Crack width and water flow increase with higher differential pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    27 views2 pages

    Crack Morphology

    Uploaded by

    Forood Torabian Isfahani
    There are two types of cracks: 1) radial cracks caused by tensile stress and 2) transverse cracks and construction joints caused by autogenous shrinkage. During dewatering, radial cracks close while transverse cracks and joints open due to compressive stress. In steady state, radial cracks remain continuously open for 10 hours per day during generating and pumping while transverse cracks and joints close. Crack width and water flow increase with higher differential pressure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Crack morphology:

    Types of cracks:
    1. Radial cracks
    2. Transverse cracks & construction joints

    Note: Shrinkage cracks and construction joints are included in the category 2.

    Cause of cracks:
    1. Radial cracks: Tensile stress
    2. Transverse cracks & construction joints: Autogenous shrinkage

    Operating mode:
    1. Filling process (ch. 8.3.3 & Figure 47 of “S2-CIV-HT-IPT-REP-2301”)
    2. Steady state (ch. 8.4 of “S2-CIV-HT-IPT-REP-2301”)
    a. Frequency: 11h/day operating as P
    b. Frequency: 11h/day operating as G
    3. Transient state (ch. 8.5 & Appendix B of “S2-CIV-HT-IPT-REP-2301”)
    a. Few cycles of internal pressure in order of 8-10 cycles in time frame of approx. 5000 s (~1.5-
    2h/day).
    4. Dewatering (ch. 8.6 of “S2-CIV-HT-IPT-REP-2301”)
    a. The internal pressure is gradually reduced to zero.
    b. Produces a differential pressure, which causes compressive stress in the lining

    Operating condition:
    1. Generating (G) based on ER’s 10 h/day
    2. Pumping (P) based on ER’s 10h/day

    Dewatering crack status:


    1. Radial cracks: close
    2. Transverse cracks & construction joints: open

    Steady state crack status:


    1. Radial cracks: open 10h/day in G 10h/day in P
    2. Transverse cracks & construction joints: close

    Note: Radial cracks are continuously open during P & G.

    Concrete type:
    1. RC lining
    2. UHPFRC lining
    Note: Also with UHPFRC lining, we have consistently open cracks during steady state status. (Ch. 8.4.4 & Figure
    53 of “S2-CIV-HT-IPT-REP-2301”)

    Crack characteristics
    Δp differential
    pressure (m) crack
    water flow through
    pint (m) pext(m) over a radial opening w
    cracks (m3/s/m)
    crack-positive is (mm)
    outflow
    critical
    Permeabilit
    G P G P G P G P G P
    y of rock KR
    (m/s)
    A 5.60E-07 175 220 - 211 - 9 - 0.09 - 1.08E-05
    B 3.20E-07 295 340 - 334 - 6 - 0.09 - 6.72E-06
    C 1.80E-07 420 465 - 459 - 6 - 0.08 - 3.55E-06
    D 7.00E-08 615 660 608 652 7 8 0.09 0.09 6.31E-06 9.93E-06
    E 5.00E-08 685 730 678 722 7 8 0.09 0.09 6.76E-06 9.32E-06

    Note:

    - The Radial cracks remain open at least 22h/day to let the drainage outflow pass.
    - If crack healing requires at least few weeks to establish, there could not be any change for no-flow
    state.

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